Unit 3 The Internet 单元语法精讲练-2019-2020学年高一英语新教材同步知识清单（人教版 必修第二册）

【新教材】2019-2020学年高一英语必修第二册教材同步备课材料（人教版） Unit 3 Grammar　现在完成时的被动语态 一、现在完成时的被动语态的基本用法 1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与_________________________等副词及时间状语_________________________________等连用。 The room has already______________________(clean). 这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了。) The doctor hasn't been sent for yet. 还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生。) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直__________________，并可能继_______________，常与for或 since等引导的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。 The machine has ___________________(repair) for two hours. 这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修。) How long has the project_____________________? 这项工程已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施。) 3．用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时之前______________的动作。 We'll start as soon as the work has been finished. 这份工作一完成我们就动身。 二、现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项 1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。 2．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 We have built many houses in the past ten years. Many houses have been built in the past ten years (by us). 3．带有双宾语的动词，如：give, send, bring, take, teach, show,, sing, write, read, sell, buy, tell, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。 We have given him the book. He has been given the book. The book has been given to him. 4．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补时，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。 I have told them to help you. They have been told to help you. I have made her work hard. She has been made to work hard (by me). 5．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如： They have referred to the books. He has thought of a way of doing it. A way of doing it has been thought of (by him). 6．由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如： 译：这本书买了多久了？ _____________________________________________________________ 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如： No books have been bought since last week．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 7．现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别： 一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时刻，其结果对现在_______________；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作