江西省景德镇一中2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（2班）（无答案）

景德镇一中2019～2020学年第一学期期末考试卷 高一（2）班英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分　听力(略) 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Does your brain work like a dictionary? A mathematical analysis of the connections among definitions of English words has uncovered hidden structures that man resembles the way words and their meanings are represented in our minds. “We want to know how the mental vocabulary is represented in the brain,” says Stevan Harnad of the University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada. As every word in a dictionary is defined (下定义) in terms of others, the knowledge needed to understand the entire vocabulary is there. Harnad’s team reasoned that finding this smallest set of words and pinning down its structure might help research on how human brains put language together. The team converted each of four different English dictionaries into a mathematical structure of linked nodes (节点) known as a graph. Each node in this graph represents a word, which is linked to the other words used to define it — so “banana” might be connected to “long”, “bendy”, “yellow”, and “fruit”. But even this tiny set is not the smallest number of words you need to produce the whole dictionary, as many of these words can in turn be fully defined by others in the kernel (核心). What’s more, the kernel has a deeper structure.So what, if anything, can this tell us about how our brains represent words and concepts? To find out the answer, Harnad’s team looked at data on how children acquire words and found a pattern: as you move in from the full dictionary towards the Kernel, words which have been acquired at a younger age tend to be used more often, and refer to more concrete concepts. But the connection does suggest that our brains may structure language somewhat similarly to a dictionary. Phil Blunsom, at University of Oxford isn’t convinced that word meanings can be reduced to a chain of definitions. “It’s treating words in such a symbolic fashio