专题1.4 文化遗产类-2019高考英语题型查缺补漏练

(四)文化遗产类 Passage 1 建议用时6分钟　实际用时　答案见P124 The first pictures came out in caves thousands of years ago.Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest poems on buildings.Modern graffiti seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s,and by the late sixties it had reached New York.The new art form really took off in the 1970s,when people began writing their names,or “tags”,on buildings all over the city.In the mid-seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window,because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as masterpieces. In the early days,the “taggers” were part of street crowds who were concerned with marking their territory(领地).They worked in groups called “crews” and called what they did “writing”—the term “graffiti” was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer.Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies.But at the same time that it began to be regarded as an art form,John Lindsay,the then mayor of New York,declared the first war on graffiti.By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught,and instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings. The debate over whether graffiti is art or deliberate damage is still going on.Peter Vallone,a New York city councilor,thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art,but if it is on someone else’s property it becomes a crime.“I have a message for the graffiti destroyers out there,” he said recently,“and your freedom of expression ends where my property begins.” On the other hand,Felix,a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City,says that artists are reclaiming cities for the public from advertisers,and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities livelier. For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a few.Jean-Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected