专题21 定语从句易错点解题方法-2020年高考英语词汇语法易错点解题方法（下）

专题21 定语从句易错点解题方法 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。看下面高考真题： 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【答案】C. 【解析】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由"介词+which"引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。 2. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【答案】B. 【解析】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。 3._______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【答案】A. 【解析】 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。最佳答案是 A. 4.David is such a good boy ___ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【答案】C. 【解析】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。 as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为"所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩"。有的同学还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。 5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. it C. them D. which 【答案】D. 【解析】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。 6. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【答案】B. 【解析】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。 再来改正下列定语从句中的典型错误： 1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you? 【答案】去掉it。. 【解析】: 解析:定语从句中的关