内容正文:
高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析
专题20动词(五)
非谓语动词(三)
4. 作表语
不定式、动名词和分词都可以作表语。不定式作表语通常说明或解释主语的内容;动名词表示主语的职业、身份等;现在分词和过去分词都能作表语,如果分词与主语之间是主动关系,就用现在分词,如果是被动关系,就用过去分词。分词作表语是考查的重点,同学们重点记住surprise,interest,excite,puzzle,disappoint,astonish,amaze, bore, encourage,inspire,shock,move, tire, challenge, touch等这类动词,它们表示事物的特征时,用现在分词,表示人的特征、状态时,用过去分词。
1. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. (2017浙江)
【答案】swept
【解析】句意:Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能是扫进了厨房的垃圾堆,后又到了花园,直到胡萝卜的叶子穿过戒指长了出来。这里的get是系动词,后接表语;逻辑主语the ring与sweep是被动关系,故填过去分词,sweep是不规则动词,其过去分词是swept。
2. Do you find yourself getting impatient or __________ (annoy) with people over unimportant things? (2016上海)
【答案】annoyed
【解析】句意:你发现自己和别人因为点小事而变得没有耐心或烦躁不安吗?这里的get是系动词,后接表语;这里说明人的心理感受,应用过去分词。
3. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and __________ (disappoint). (2014全国II)
【答案】disappointed
【解析】句意:很多人在车站等车,有些人看上去非常着急和失望。这里指人的心里状态,应用过去分词,表示“失望的”。
4. These lower groups do the harder, more __________ (bore) jobs that are needed in society.
【答案】boring
【解析】句意:这些更低层的人们做着社会所需要的更艰苦、更乏味的工作。这里指job的情况,应用现在分词,boring表示“使人感到无聊的”。
5. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________(stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
【答案】stuck
【解析】句意:remain在此是系动词,后接分词作表语。逻辑主语holidaymakers和stick是被动关系,故用过去分词,表示状态。remain作不及物动词时,后接不定式。
6. Her dream is _______ (help) researchers to find a method for her disease.
【答案】to help
【解析】句意:她的梦想是帮助研究人员找到治愈她疾病的方法。表语是说明主语dream的内容,故用不定式。
5. 作状语
非谓语动词作状语是历年高考考查非谓语动词的重中之重,同学们应予以高度重视。不定式和分词都能作状语。首先判断用不定式还是分词,然后根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致的原则判断不定式用主动式还是被动式,分词用现在分词还是过去分词。
1)分词作状语
分词主要作时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、方式、结果等状语。
1. On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting local