内容正文:
不定式与动名词
不定式(infinitive)
1. 不定式的用法
不定式的基本形式为“to do”, 在句中不单独作谓语;本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
(1) 作主语:
例:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To grasp English in a short time is not easy.
在短时间内掌握英语不容易。
注意:为保持句子平衡,可用“it”作形式主语,而将真正主语动词不定式放在后边,句型为:It is /was…to do sth.
例:It is not easy to grasp English in a short time.
在短时间内掌握英语是不容易的。
It was important for him to solve the problem then.
当时对于他来说,解决这个问题是重要的。
(2) 作宾语:多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语,有时也可用在某些复合宾语及物动词及个别双宾语及物动词后。
例:I want to have a walk after supper.
晚饭后我想去散步。
He considered it his duty to support his family.
他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。
She doesn’t know how to run the machine.
她不知道如何操作这台机器。
不定式作宾语的结构为:及物动词+ to do. 动词常用:advise, agree, ask, begin, continue, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, pretend, start, try, want, wish等。
(3) 作表语:联系动词一般都是be。
例:Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it.
我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。
His dream is to become an expert in computer in the future.
他的梦想是将来成为一名电脑方面的专家。