2019届英语高考二轮复习语法专题 专题10 定语从句

专题10　定语从句 考纲展示　命题探究 基础点 关系代词的基本用法 (1)which的用法 which用于指物或替代整个句子，在从句中可作主语或宾语。 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other. (2)that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时常可省略。that指人时常可与who或whom互换，指物时常可与which互换。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (3)who, whom的用法 who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. (4)whose的用法 whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (5)as的用法 as作关系代词既可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于such...as..., the same...as..., as...as...结构中。另外，as也可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. “You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes. 重难点 1　限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, something, everything, nothing, none, the one等或被不定代词修饰时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something_that was someone else's fault. (2)当先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。 This is the_very person that I'm waiting for. (3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the_most_interesting film that I've ever seen. (4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 What is the_first American film that you have seen? (5)当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the_things_and_persons_that they are talking about? 2　当先行词指物时，定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况 (1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which,_of course, made the others envy him. (2)当定语从句中的介词提前时，只用which, 不用that。 This is the school in_which I once studied. 3　关系代词which与as的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句首、句中和句末；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。 As we know, China is famous for its Four Great Inventions./China, as