2019届高三英语一轮复习：框架语义与高考完形填空 教学课件共11张PPT含练习 (2份打包)

框架语义与完形填空 Frame Semantics and Cloze 九江县一中 夏志建 语义是个以“典型”为中心向四周辐射的框架，于是，形成典型与边缘（非典型）的框架。 妈妈 代孕妈 奶妈 继母 岳母 干妈 干爹 王妈 祖国母亲 母亲河 框架语义 1.典型意义：背景情境跟定义的原型相匹配 2.它是一种认知结构，是一种与某些经常重复发生的情景相关的知识和观念，是某个物体或事件的典型与非典型、中心与边缘的级阶变化体系。（typicality） 3.对一个词的理解就是激发某个场景的联想，从而在整个场景的网络体系中确定该词的具体位置，理解它的精确意义。 启发：语义与背景紧密相联系、是个以典型为中心的体系范畴，即多个词能表达相同的意义,在不同语境下，同一词可以表达不同意义。 在词义提取过程中“典型（原型）”优先性导致做题时难以取舍 1.In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our “friend” there would 46 . 46.A.order B. supply C. appreciate D. disorder 2.We were 48 on cash ourselves, but...well, sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do.（2015全国卷1） 48.A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose When I was about twelve, I used to visit this elderly gentle- man who was a volunteer counselor(辅导员）for the boy Scouts(童子军. He would give us __41_____ until he thought we were skilled in a given subject. I did not know him long, but I __42_him for giving so much to the neighborhood, even when he was in poor health. 41.A. show B. task C. reports D. promises 42.A. believed B. followed C. admired D. missed (英语周报20152016第13期） 词义转换的过程表现为：旧的框架被打破新的框架建立；框架之间的等值交换 1.He (the homeless man) spends every day getting ignored by people who are not to make eye contact with him so that they don’t feel bad not giving him money. Yet he didn’t even hesitate to risk his life when meeting with danger. Hero do exist in the most____60__. A. unsafe B. unlikely C. unfair D. unimportant(英语双语报2015-2016第 13期) 2. When Anton passed his driving test, I was truly happy for him, but he turned to me and said, “It’s OK, Dad. You can take your hand off my shoulder now.” He knew , as I knew, that we had both crossed into a __50___discovered country…. A. immediately B. easily C. newly D. eventually 词义的拓展方向：原型（典型）-非典型，具体-抽象，有特殊-一般 1.My husband comforted me that he would buy me a new one. But I turned down his nice 14 , as the necklace couldn’t be replaced. It w