上海高考_不定式_含语法新题型(教师版)

精品讲义之不定式 ( 知识精讲 ) 1、不定式知识点综述 2、不定式重难点讲解 不定式的作用 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词中使用最广泛的一种，基本形式为 to + do 不定式的功用：在句子中个，它除了不能做谓语外，可以担当其它任何成分：主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语和宾语补足语。它在句子中起名词，形容词和副词的作用。 基本形式： 时态/语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to+动词原形 to be+过去分词 完成式 to +have+过去分词 to have been +过去分词 进行式 to +be+现在分词 ---- was/were +不定式完成式 was/were to have+过去分词 was/were +to have been +过去分词 一、不定式的形式 1．不定式的时态与语态 不定式的时态与语态一共有六种形式，现以动词do为例，列表如下： A)不定式的一般式to do to do所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之后，但也可以是在谓语动词之前或与谓语动词几乎同时发生。 eg. I have a lot of work to do. To improve your English, you should practise reading aloud every day. He seems to know the answer. I’m glad to see you. B)不定式的完成式to have done to have done所表示的动作都发生在谓语动词之前。 eg. I am sorry to have brought you so much trouble. She seems to have read the book. C)不定式的进行式to be doing to be doing所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。 eg. It happened to be raining when I arrived. The child pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in. D)不定式的完成进行式to have been doing to have