内容正文:
语法(三) 被动语态
1、 定义
语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态,一种是主动语态,表示主语是动作的执行者;另一种是被动语态,表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如:1. Kelly cleans the house every day. (该句为主动语态,主语Kelly是动作clean的执行者,宾语the house是动作clean的承受者。)
2. The house is cleaned by Kelly every day. (该句为被动语态,主语the house是动作clean的承受者,动作的执行者Kelly由介词by引出。)
2、 用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。被动语态通常由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成, 其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如: English is spoken in many countries. Such books were written for middle school students. The computer should be turned off at once.
3、 句型: 被动语态的基本动词形式是be+V-pp。通过改变be的时态,可以构成不同时态的被动语态。
(一)一般现在时的被动语态:be (am / is / are) +及物动词的过去分词 (Unit 5)
1.肯定陈述句:主语+am/is/are+V-pp+其他.e.g: The students are told to study hard.
2.否定陈述句:主语+am/is/are+not +V-pp+其他.e.g:The students aren't told to study hard.
3.一般疑问句:---Am/Is/Are+主语+V-pp+其他? —Are the students told to study hard?
---Yes,主+am/is/are. No,主+ am/is/are +not. —Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+am/is/are+(主语)+V-pp+其他?e.g:Who are told to study hard