内容正文:
不定式的时态用法
(一)概说
不定式是动词的非谓语形式,但它还保留着动词谓语形式的一些特征,具有时态(一般式、完成式和进行式)和语态(主动和被动)变化。
(二)不定式时态的用法
1.现在时态—现在时态所表示的动作跟谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在它之后发生。例如:
The scientist tries to apply newer way to production.【同时发生】科学家想把较新的方法应用到生产中去。
Who heard him say that? 【在后发生】谁听见了他说那种话?
2.完成时态——完成时态表示的动作在谓语动词的行为之前已经发生或完成。例如:
They are much pleased to have designed such an electronic computer.他们因为设计了这样一个电子计算机而感到很高兴。
The energy of coal is found to have come from the sun.人们发现煤的能量来自太阳。
I'm sorry to have troubled you so much.我很抱歉,麻烦了你这么多。
在助动词be和表示“意图”、“希望”、“需要”等意义的动词的过去式之后用不定式的完成时;或这类动词的过去完成时+不定式的一般式,均可表示“过去想做而未做的事情”或“行为没有实现”。这类动词有desire, expect, hope, intend, mean, plan,suppose, think, want, wish等。例如:
He was to have left home at nine o'clock.他本该九点钟离开家。
We planned to have started the work at the beginning of the month.我们原来计划月初开始这工作。
We wished to have solved the problem graphically.我们原想用图解法解算这道习题。
I had hoped to catch the 8:30 bus, but found it was gone.我原来希望赶上8点30分的车,但发现车已开走了。
I had meant to tell you about it earlier, but I c