专题06 形容词和副词（知识精讲）-2019届江苏高考英语单项填空讲练测精品系列

形容词和副词的基本功能 一、形容词在句中的功能 1.形容词做定语：这是形容词最基本的功能。只需放在一个名词的前面，起修饰的作用。 He is a smart boy.他是个聪明的男生。(smart作定语) 2.形容词作表语：首先关于表语的定语是放在be动词后面的功能。 He is smart.他很聪明。(smart作表语) 3.形容词作补语：补语是起着补充说明的作用。 He found the math problem very difficult.他发现这道数学题很难。 (difficult作补语对宾语the math problem补充说明。) 4.某些情况下形容词也可作状语 ①形容词(短语)置于句首常作原因状语 Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。 Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed.因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。 ②形容词(短语)置于句末常作伴随状语或方式状语 ▲After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _______. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired ▲Thinking that her daughter was doing homework, the mother left the room, _______. A. quickly and gentle　　　 B. quick and gentle C. quickly and gently　　　 D. quick and gently 形容词作定语的注意点： 1.形容词作定语时的位置问题：通常放置被修饰的名词前，但是下列情况需后置： ①形容词短语作定语 This is a language difficult to master.这是一门难以掌握的语言。 In the distance there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.远处有一座180英尺的斜塔。 He is a student worth of praise.他是个值得表扬的学生。 ②表语形容词作定语 He is indeed a Lei Feng alive.他真是个活雷锋。 ③形容词修饰不定代词 Someone strange is asking to see you.有个陌生人要见你。 Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan. 发生了一些意想不到的事情，我们不得不对我们的计划做些改变。 ④else修饰疑问代词和不定代词 No one else can answer the question. 其他没有人能回答这个问题。 What else do you want to say? 你想还说点什么？ 2.多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/ 用途(熟记下列顺口溜：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠)。 It’s a _______ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century. A. charming French small B. French small charming C. small French charming D. charming small French 3.alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语 He is an ill man.(错)→He is a sick man或The man is ill.(对) She is an afraid girl.(错)→The girl is afraid.(对) 4.two­year­old/200­metre­long/one­thousand­word等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语 Tom is a twelve-year-old boy.汤姆是个十二岁的男孩。 附录：复合形容词的构成 ▲形容词+形容词：red-hot炽热的/dark-blue深蓝的 ▲形容