专题08 动词的时态和语态（知识精讲）-2019届江苏高考英语单项填空讲练测精品系列

英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或常用的有十二种。 一、动词时态和语态的构成 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does,(连系动词is/am/are) am/is/are done 一般过去时 did,(连系动词was/were) was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will do is/am/are going to do is/am/are(about)to do shall/will be done is/am/are going to be done is/am/are(about)to be done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing / 现在完成时 has/have done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来完成时 shall/will have done will/shall have been done 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing / 过去完成进行时 had been doing / 过去将来时 would/should do was/were going to do was/were(about)to do would/should be done was/were going to be done was/were(about)to be done 二、动词时态的用法和几种易混时态的比较 基本用法和特殊用法 (一)一般时态 1.一般现在时 ▲基本用法：表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作、存在的状态以及客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。 ①Rent usually _______ up in the summer, when college graduates are moving out of their dormitories and seeking for new places to move in. A. will go B. goes C. has gone D. went ②On an average day most of us _______ our smart phones 47 times, and nearly double that if we’re between the ages of 18 and 24. A. checked B. would check C. will check D. check ③Planning so far ahead _______ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made ④“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step _______” A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed ▲特殊用法： ●在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 ①If we _______ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it. A. hadn’t acted B. haven’t acted C. don’t act D. won’t act 但要注意在由if引导的条件状语从句中是可以用will来表“意愿”的，不表示将来时态。 If you will go, I will go together with you.如果你愿意去，我就跟你一块儿去。 ②My parents have promised to come to see me before I _______ for Africa. A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave ●按时间表的将来要发生的动作。 The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。 ●以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般现在时