专题10 非谓语动词（知识精讲）-2019届江苏高考英语单项填空讲练测精品系列

基本知识 一、谓语动词与非谓语动词 非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此我们要特别注意分析句子的结构。记住：谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词可以做除谓语之外的任何成分(见非谓语动词的语法功能)。 例①_______ for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed. A. Being ill staying in hospital B. Having been ill staying in hospital C. He was ill staying in hospital D. To be ill staying in hospital 例②_______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed, if you have a job. A. devoting B. devoted C. being devote D. do devote 例③_______ to the top of the high mountain, where you see the whole city. A. Standing on the top of　 B. If you climb to C. When you reach the top of　　 D. Get to the top of 二、非谓语动词的语法功能 非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，v-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和过去分词。 所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语(主语)补足语 定语 插入语(独立成分) V-ing形式 现在分词 / ● ● ● ● 动名词 ● ● ● / ● / 不定式(to do) ● ● ● ● ● ● 过去分词(done) / ● ● ● ● 注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词： to tell you the truth(实话说) needless to say(不用说) to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说) to be more exact(更确切地说) to make things worse(更糟的是) not to mention(更不用说) generally/frankly/roughly speaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说) 三、非谓语动词形式的变化 过去分词就一种形式，而不定式和动词的v-ing还有其它形式的变化。 非谓语 构成 时态 语态 复合结构(逻辑主语表示法) 否定式 主动 被动 不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not 或never 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing / 动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done 完成式 having done having been done 现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 / 在前加not 重点知识 一、非谓语动词作主语、宾语的重点 1.it充当形式主语或形式宾语指代动词不定式(短语) ①No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better _______ silent. A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain ②It’s standard practice for a company like this one _______ a security officer. A. employed　　 B. being employed