内容正文:
高考对代词的考查主要是在具体、特定语境下灵活运用代词。特别是不定代词one,the one,ones,the ones与指示代词this,that,these,those,it的用法区别,代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意:在解题时一定要明确考点,对比分析,对症下药,尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。
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代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高,每年至少测试一道题。在语法填空中主要考查代词的不同词形的变化,短文改错中主要考查代词的指代一致问题。
考点1:both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法
1. both,either,neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there.
Every student in our school works hard.
我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.
每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
【典例】
It's an eitheror situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.
A.others
B.either
C.another
D.both
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not ... both,故选D。
考点2:复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,no,every加上body,one,thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。
1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如:
Somebody is waiting outside.
I have something for you.
She thinks she's something since she won the prize.
获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。
2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:
Does anybody else want to go?
There isn't anything in the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.
对她来说儿子就是一切。
【典例】
This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achiev