川教版九年级历史下册备课素材第8课 经济危机和罗斯福新政 （20份打包）

柯立芝繁荣 ---美国20世纪20年代的繁荣时期 柯立芝繁荣 　 第一次世界大战后，美国的经济得到了飞速的发展。这一时期，恰巧在总统柯立芝任期之内（1923—1929年），所以美国这一时期的经济繁荣又被称为“柯立芝繁荣”。 繁荣的原因 此间正值资本主义世界相对稳定时期，英、法、德经历第一次世界大战后，经济处于停滞或恢复状态，便于美国经济势力向外扩张。美国国内通过技术革新、固定资本更新和企业生产及管理的合理化，生产和资本的集中过程空前加速，经济发展迅速。 表现 　 美国国民生产总值和工业生产总值均创新纪录，汽车制造、电机电器制造和住宅建筑业发展尤其显著。到1929年，美国在资本主义世界工业生产的比重已达48.5%，超过了当时英、法、德三国所占比重总和，以致柯立芝总统声称，美国人民已达到了“人类历史上罕见的幸福境界”。 繁荣背后的隐患 　　但这种繁荣主要集中在部分工业部门和城市中，其他一些工业部门和农业的不景气，使美国经济发展很不平衡。并且由于股票投机成风，使繁荣本身带有一定虚假性。生产和资本的进一步集中则加深了资本主义社会的固有矛盾，孕育着新的危机。 $$X Franklin Delano Roosevelt: First Fireside Chat "The Banking Crisis" My friends: I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking -- to talk with the comparatively few who understand the mechanics of banking, but more particularly with the overwhelming majority of you who use banks for the making of deposits and the drawing of checks. I want to tell you what has been done in the last few days, and why it was done, and what the next steps are going to be. I recognize that the many proclamations from State capitols and from Washington, the legislation, the Treasury regulations, and so forth, couched for the most part in banking and legal terms, ought to be explained for the benefit of the average citizen. I owe this, in particular, because of the fortitude and the good temper with which everybody has accepted the inconvenience and hardships of the banking holiday. And I know that when you understand what we in Washington have been about, I shall continue to have your cooperation as fully as I have had your sympathy and your help during the past week. 1.unknown X First of all, let me state the simple fact that when you deposit money in a bank, the bank does not put the money into a safe deposit vault. It invests your money in many different forms of credit -- in bonds, in commercial paper, in mortgages and in many other kinds of loans. In other words, the bank puts your money to work to keep the wheels of industry and of a