内容正文:
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
复习非谓语动词
阅读下列句子,体会黑体部分的用法
1.I don't want to board a sinking ship.
2.The man asked us to follow him on our raft and we all went back to the steamboat.
3.Later he became a journalist and began writing stories about life on the river.
4.We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting.
Ⅰ.不定式作宾语、宾语补足语
一、不定式作宾语
1.能用不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:ask,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,warn,request等。
She pretended not to see me when I came in.
当我进来时,她假装没有看见我。
I hope to go to Shanghai this summer.
我希望今年夏天去上海。
He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
他要求被派到西藏工作。
[名师点津]
不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,需用不定式的被动语态。
2.不定式作介词的宾语,常见的有but和except(除了)。如but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式要省略to,反之,不省。
I have nothing to do but sit here.
除了坐在那里我没什么事做。
He has no choice but to stay there.
他除了待在这里,别无选择。
[名师点津]
①疑问词+不定式结构的功能相当一个名词性从句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。也可作介词的宾语。常见的词有:decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,wonder,expect,intend等。
②不定式作某些动词的宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,须先用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到宾补之后。常见的词有:find,feel,make,consider等。
I find it interesting to play the violin.
我觉得拉小提琴很有意思。
二、不定式作宾语补足语
1.跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,beg,tell,ask,order,persuade,cause,force,forbid,invite,request,want,warn等。
Do you want me to help you?
你需要我帮忙吗?
Tell the boys not to play in the street.
告诉男孩子们不要在街上玩。
2.有些动词,如make,let,have,see,watch,hear,notice等,用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动语态时,不定式要带to。
I often hear him sing this song.
我经常听到他唱这首歌。(主动)
He is often heard to sing this song.
(人们)经常听到他唱这首歌。(被动)
Ⅱ.v.ing形式作宾语、宾语补足语
一、v.ing形式作宾语
1.跟v.ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有:enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考虑),finish,delay,put off,give up,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate等。
I enjoy watching TV.What about you?
我喜欢看电视,你呢?
The doctor suggested him giving up smoking.
医生建议他戒烟。
[名师点津]
v.ing形式作某些动词的宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,须先用it作形式宾语,而把v.ing形式放到宾补之后。常见的词有:find,feel,consider等。
He feels it no use telling her about it.
他觉得告诉她这件事情是徒劳无益的。
2.有些动词后既可接动名词作宾语,也可接不定式作宾语,但在意思上有很大差异。
二、v.ing