内容正文:
专题四 形容词和副词
考点一 形容词和副词的类别及句法功能
1.形容词可分为定语形容词和表语形容词,常见的表语形容词有:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,well,sorry,unable,worth,sure等。
The boy is still asleep.
小男孩仍然在睡觉。
The old man was alone in the house.
老人一个人待在房子里。
2.副词一般分为时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、关系、连接副词等。
(1)时间副词。如:now,usually,often,always等。
(2)地点副词。如:here,there,out,everywhere等。
(3)方式副词。如:hard,well,fast,slowly等。
(4)程度副词。如:very,much,still,almost等。
(5)疑问副词。如:how,when,why,where等。
(6)关系副词。如:when,where,why等。
(7)连接副词。如:whether,why,when,how等。
Mike was usually so careful,yet this time he made a small mistake.
迈克通常很仔细,但这次他犯了个小错误。
Jim went to answer the phone.Meanwhile,Harry started to prepare lunch.
吉姆去接电话。在这期间,哈里去准备午饭。
When to start has not been decided.
什么时候出发还没有决定。
3.冠词和形容词连用的句型。
(1)the+形容词原级,指一类人或物。
the old/poor/rich/disabled
(2)the+形容词比较级,指两者中“较……的”那一个。
the younger of the two
(3)a/an+形容词比较级。
The pen is expensive.I want a cheaper one.
(4)a+most+形容词原级,表示最高级,意为“非常……”。
a most beautiful city
[易错警示]
1.作表语时主语不能是指人的形容词。如:(in)convenient,difficult,necessary,pleasant等。
2.以ly结尾的形容词。如:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly等。
3.仅作定语的形容词。如:little,many,live,only,elder等。
4.意义有别的同根副词
close接近地
closely仔细地
hard努力地
hardly几乎不
late晚;迟
lately近来
wide广阔地
widely广泛地
high高
highly高度地
deep深
deeply(抽象意义的)深
考点二 倍数表达法
常见的倍数句型主要有:
1.A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
2.A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
3.A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B
4.A is+倍数+that+of+B
5.A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost twice as much as his.
彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样,但是价钱却是他的两倍。
Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。
Smoking is harmful to people's health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟对人的健康有害,每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。
The output of cars in 2016 is four times greater than that of 2012.
2016年小轿车的产量是2012年的4倍。
考点三 原级、比较级和最高级
(一)基本用法
1.两者相比(甲=乙),用“as+原级+as”表示。
For cheerleaders,their sport is just as serious as baseball or football.
[易错警示] 在同等比较级中,若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj