专题01 非谓语动词失分点避坑（易错专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错点01 非谓语动词失分点避坑 内容导览 第一部分 典型易错研析 易错溯源 错题精讲 避错训练 易错陷阱1 非谓语动词作状语常见误区 易错陷阱2 非谓语动词作定语常见误区 易错陷阱3 非谓语动词作宾补常见误区 易错陷阱4 独立主格常见误区 易错陷阱5 非谓语被动式误区 易错陷阱6 非谓语完成式误区 第二部分 易错自查诊断 易错陷阱1：非谓语动词作状语常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、不定式作状语 （1）目的：可用to do、in order to do、so as to do，其中so as to do不入句首。 例：To catch the early train, she set her alarm for five o’clock. 为了赶上早班火车，她把闹钟设在了五点。 （2） 结果：多见于 too…to do、enough to do、so/such…as to，以及only to do 表“不料、结果却”。例：He hurried to the platform, only to see the train pull away. 他匆匆赶到站台，却只见火车已经驶离。 （3）原因：跟在表示情绪、评价的形容词后。 例：I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for a week. 很遗憾听到您已经病了一周了 二、分词作状语 分词的逻辑主语就是主句主语，可表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式。-ing表主动，-ed表被动。 （1）主动：Walking along the river, we heard birds singing in the reeds. （2）被动：Encouraged by her teacher, the girl entered the speech contest. 三、独立成分 generally speaking、judging from/by、considering、given that一类结构已固定成短语，其隐含主语不是主句主语，不受“主谓一致”约束。 四、判定边界 ①句中已有谓语且无连词，空处必为非谓语； ②分词状语的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则构成悬垂； ③表示“有意去做”用to do，表示“不料却”用only to do。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】______ (locate) at the meeting point of three provinces, the ancient town has long served as a trading center. ►错因分析 把“位于”理解成城镇自己发出的动作，误填Locating；或受汉语“位于”影响误填To locate；也有学生直接写成 was located，与主句谓语冲突。 ►方法总结 第一步，圈谓语：has served已是谓语，was located一类谓语形式立即出局。 第二步，定主语：状语所修饰的是the ancient town，而不是别的成分。 第三步，辨方向：城镇“被坐落”于某处，属被动关系，取-ed系列。 第四步，验位置：句首状语描述主语状态，Located at…与主语搭配成立，形式确定。 三条避坑提醒 1.judging from、considering、generally speaking是独立成分。 2.情绪类形容词后接不定式表原因，如I’m glad to meet you，不要写成meeting。 3. only to do前面多有逗号，语义上带转折，若句中并无“出乎意料”，应改用to do表目的。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·河北定州·月考）The tour group recorded their visits in the form of short videos, photography and paintings,_________(share) Shanxi’s stories with audiences at home and abroad. 【变式2】 （26-27高三上·河北沧州·期中）Early wagons also had features like movable front wheels and linchpins （轮销） ____________(secure) the wheels in place. 【变式3】（26-27高三上·河北石家庄·期中）__________ (pass) down through generations, Hezhen Yimakan storytelling is told in the Hezhen language. 易错陷阱2：非谓语动词作定语常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、四种形式的分工 （1）-ing：主动、正在进行。例：the girl singing on the stage（台上唱歌的女孩）。 （2）-ed：被动、已完成。例：the letters exchanged between the two schools（两校之间往来的信件）。 （3）to do：将要发生，也常与序数词、最高级、the only、the last 连用。例：the train to arrive at six（六点到站的那趟车）。 （4）being done / to be done：被动且正在进行 / 被动且将要发生。例：the road being widened（正在拓宽的那条路）。 二、位置与还原 单个分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语后置。后置定语几乎都能还原成定语从句，还原后时态、语态是否成立，是检验答案最直接的办法。 三、两个常被忽略的点 ①不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成、不表被动，如the changed plan（改变了的计划）； ②有些-ed已形容词化，如a worried look（担忧的神色），不再强调“被担忧”。 四、判定边界 先看被修饰名词与动词是主动还是被动，再看动作相对谓语的时间：正进行用-ing / being done，将发生用to do / to be done，已完成用-ed。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】The wooden tower ______ (restore) last winter is now open to visitors again. ►错因分析 见last winter就填was restored，把定语当谓语；或只想到被动，填being restored，忽略动作早已结束；也有填to be restored的，把已完成误作将来。 ►方法总结 第一步，查谓语：is 已占据谓语位置，一切谓语形式排除。 第二步，判关系：塔是“被修复”，被动，-ing 系列全排除。 第三步，定时点：last winter 指向已完成，用 -ed；若为“正被修复”，句中应有 now、under way 一类提示。 第四步，还原验证：补成 which was restored last winter，语法通顺，答案成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. the first / the last / the only后多用 to do，如 the first to arrive，不要习惯性填 -ing。 2. -ing 短语作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰的名词，不要误判成句子主语。 3. being done强调“正被”，命题人常用“now、at present、under construction”设套，务必看清时间词。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·河北石家庄·质检）There’s also a reference in an ancient book to an official of the Southern Tang dynasty_________ (tell) his daughter to "dig holes in the ground" so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick. 【变式2】（26-27高三上·河北定州·质检）This tradition, consisting of many short independent stories about teamwork and battles, shows the Hezhen people’s efforts _______(protect) their land. 【变式3】（26-27高三上·河北衡水·期中）The Yungang Grottoes were first carved during the Northern Wei Dynasty, making them China’s first large-scale royal grotto complex ____________(construct) after the introduction of Buddhism. 易错陷阱3：非谓语动词作宾补常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、感官动词 see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find + 宾语 + do（全过程）、doing（正在进行）、done（被动完成）。 例：I watched the children fly kites in the park.看他们放完风筝整个过程。 I heard my name called at the gate.我在门口听到有人叫我的名字。 二、使役动词 make/let/have +宾语+ do，主动语态不带to；改为被动后to必须还原。 例：She was made to wait outside for an hour.她被迫在外面等了一个小时。 三、have / get三种结构 （1）have/get sth done：让某事被做，或遭遇某事。例：He had his bike repaired on the way home. （2）have sb do：让某人做某事。例：Mother had me wash the dishes after dinner. （3）have sb doing：让某人一直做。例：The funny story had us laughing all the way. 四、其余高频考点 （1）keep/leave/find +宾语+ doing/done； （2）with +宾语+ doing/done/to do； （3）advise/allow/permit/forbid/ask +宾语+to do。 五、判定边界 ①先判宾语与宾补动词的主被动； ②再判动作是全过程、正在进行还是已完成； ③遇到感官、使役动词的被动语态，先补to。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】When the lights suddenly went out, we found ourselves ______ (leave) in complete darkness. ►错因分析 按“我们留下”的主动语感填 leaving，忽略 ourselves 是被“置于”黑暗中的一方；或受 find sb to do 的错误印象影响填 to leave。 ►方法总结 第一步，抓结构：find+宾语+宾补，空格处不是谓语，也不是定语。 第二步，看宾语：宾补的逻辑主语是ourselves，不是句子的we之外的成分。 第三步，辨关系：人是“被置于”黑暗中，被动，取-ed。 第四步，换位检验：把ourselves提到主语位置改写为 we were left in darkness，成立即确定。 三条避坑提醒 1. 感官动词变被动要还to：He was seen to enter the hall，不能写成was seen enter。 2. have sth done是“让某事被做”，have sb do是“让某人做”，一词之差意思相反。 3. with结构中的to do表“还有……要做”，如with a lot of work to do，不能换成doing。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·河北定州·月考）Digital technology allows us__________ (visualize) the grotto statues, and also helps audiences truly appreciate how ancient craftsmen created architectural miracles. 【变式2】（26-27高三上·河北邢台·质检）Two years later, it launched its hotel robots, with exports now ___________(account) for about 60 percent of its business, according to the company. 【变式3】（26-27高三上·河北邢台·期中）But the bet proved costly, causing the company _________ (narrow) its focus. 易错陷阱4：独立主格常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、结构本质 名词或代词+非谓语（也可接形容词、副词、介词短语），前一部分自任逻辑主语，整体相当于一个状语从句，但自身不作句子成分、不作谓语。 二、四种形式 （1）n/pron + -ing：主动或正在进行。例：Night falling, we lit the lamps in the yard. （2）n/pron + -ed：被动或已完成。 例：The meeting over, they went their separate ways. （3）n/pron + to do：将来。 例：So many problems to solve, we had no time to rest. （4）n/pron +形容词/副词/介词短语。例：His hand shaking, he signed the paper. 三、与with复合结构 with +名词+ doing/done/to do是独立主格的常见变体，多一层with，功能同为伴随状语。 Tom froze there, with tears rolling down his cheeks. =Tom froze there, tears rolling down his cheeks. 四、与分词状语的分界 （1）分词状语的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致； （2）独立主格自带主语，因此允许与主句主语不同； （3）二者混用，就出现“悬垂分词”。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】The task ______ (complete), the workers went home for a good rest. ►错因分析 误填completing，把“任务”当成动作发出者；误填was completed，与主句谓语冲突；也有填to complete的，把独立主格误解为目的状语。 ►方法总结 第一步，查有无谓语：逗号前若无谓语、无连词，才可能是独立主格。 第二步，查主语是否另立：The task与主句主语 the workers不同，属于自带主语。 第三步，辨关系与时间：任务“被完成”且先于“回家”，用-ed。 第四步，还原从句：After the task was completed 是否通顺，通顺即成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. 悬垂分词是最高频的错：Standing on the top, the city looked beautiful，主语city不会stand，须改主句主语或改结构。 2. 独立主格前不加连词，一旦写了if、because，就变成从句，谓语必须补全。 3. There being no water, we had to stop是固定考法，there be的独立主格只能用being。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·山西太原·月考）Time ______ (permit), we'd like you to answer relevant questions raised by students. 【变式2】（26-27 高三上・山东潍坊・月考）So many problems ______ (settle), the manager felt worried. 【变式3】（26-27 高三上・江苏苏州・期中）All things ______ (take) into careful consideration, the plan is practical. 易错陷阱5：非谓语被动式误区 易·错·溯·源 一、三种被动形式 （1）being done：被动且正在进行。 例：The gym being repaired now will reopen in May. （2）having been done：被动且先于谓语完成。 例：Having been rejected twice, he still applied a third time. （3）to be done / to have been done：被动且将来/被动且先于谓语。 例：The issue to be discussed on Friday concerns every family. 二、主动形式表被动意义 （1)be worth doing: The film is worth watching twice. （2)need/want/require doing = need to be done: The garden needs watering. （3)be easy/hard/difficult/pleasant to do: The article is pleasant to read. （4)be to blame: Who is to blame for the delay? 三、判断边界 ①先确认主被动，再确认时间； ②固定结构中“主动表被动”不可替换成被动式； ③happen、occur、appear、belong to、date back to等不及物动词无被动。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】The wooden floor requires ______ (oil) twice a year to stay smooth and bright. ►错因分析 照“地板被上油”的被动逻辑填being oiled；或受require sb to do 影响填to oil；也有按需错写成to be oiled 的。 ►方法总结 第一步，认结构：见到 require、need、want作“需要”解，先想到“doing 表被动”。 第二步，判主语：主语是物（floor），才可用 doing 表被动；主语是人则只能接to do。 第三步，查等义式：require doing与require to be done 同义，二者只能选其一，不可叠加成being done。 第四步，回译验证：译成“地板需要被打油”，语义通顺，oiling成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. worth、worthy、worthwhile结构各不相同：worth doing / worthy of being done / worthwhile to do。 2. need doing与need to be done同义，但主语是人时只能用need to do。 3. Having been told the truth, he said nothing中，完成被动式必须能读出“先发生”，否则改用一般式being told。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27 高三上・山东济南・月考）All his attention ______ (fix) on the experiment, he didn’t notice my arrival. 【变式2】（26-27 高三上・广东佛山・月考）The meeting ______ (being hold) now, we have to wait outside. 【变式3】（26-27 高三上・重庆・月考）More work ______ (be done) before sunset, we have to hurry up. 易错陷阱6：非谓语完成式误区 易·错·溯·源 一、三种完成形式 （1）having done：主动，且先于谓语发生。 例：Having read the letter twice, she folded it carefully. （2）having been done：被动，且先于谓语发生。 例：Having been warned of the storm, the fishermen stayed in port. （3）to have done / to have been done：不定式动作先于谓语，多跟在 seem、appear、be said、be reported、be believed 之后。例：The old man is said to have visited the temple three times. 二、与一般式的分界 （1）一般式（doing / done / to do）表与谓语同时或之后； （2）完成式表先于谓语。“先后”是唯一分界线。 三、三条边界 ①完成式作状语、作部分宾语，不能作定语和宾补； ②句中已有after、before、when明示先后时，用一般式亦可； ③感官动词后的-ed只表被动完成，不能换成having done。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】______ (win) three gold medals at the world championships, the swimmer announced her retirement. ►错因分析 只看到主动关系就填Winning，忽略动作先后；或误填Won，把主动关系写成被动；也有填To win 的，把已完成误作目的。 ►方法总结 第一步，定谓语：announced是谓语，空处为非谓语，先排除had won。 第二步，辨关系：运动员自己夺金，主动，取-ing系列。 第三步，定先后：夺金在前、宣布在后，用完成式having done。 第四步，换句验证：改写为After she had won three gold medals, 语义通顺即成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. 不要一见逗号就写两个并列谓语，Having won…与announced才是一主一从的正确关系。 2. be said/reported/believed to have done表示“据说已经……”，不能简化为to do。 3. 完成式不能作定语，the man having finished the work不合规范，应改为who had finished the work。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上・河北唐山・10月考）______ (fail) twice in the driving test, he changed his training plan completely. 【变式2】（26-27高三上・河北承德・联考）The young writer is reported ______ (sign) a contract with a film company last month. 【变式3】（26-27高三上・河北保定・质检）______ (not receive) any reply from the company, she wrote a second email. 一、单句语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（26-27高三上・安徽合肥・9月月考）______ (see) from the top of the hill, the whole town looks amazing. 2.（26-27高三上・山西大同・9月月考）Time ______ (permit), we will visit the old castle. 3.（26-27 高三上・福建厦门・10月月考）The bridge ______ (build) next year will connect the two villages. 4.（26-27高三上・湖北武汉・11月月考）I heard him ______ (sing) an English song when I passed his room. 5.（26-27 高三上・浙江温州・10月质检）The building ______ (build) now will be our new library. 6.（26-27 高三上・湖北黄冈。期中）______ (finish) all the work, she went home happily. 7.（26-27 高三上・江西南昌・10月联考）______ (finish) his homework, Tom went out to play basketball. 8.（26-27 高三上・江苏南通・9月月考）His voice ______ (tremble) with excitement, he read the letter aloud to the whole class. 9.（26-27 高三上・浙江・11月联考）The girl ______ (stand) by the window is my younger sister. 10.（26-27 高三上・湖南长沙・9月月考）We should keep our classroom ______ (clean) every day. 11.（26-27 高三上・广西南宁.10月质检）There are still many tasks ______ (complete) before Friday. 12.（26-27 高三上・贵州贵阳.期中）______ (tell) many times, he still didn’t understand the rule. 13.（26-27 高三上・四川成都.期中）He hurried to the station, only ______ (find) that the train had left. 14.（26-27 高三上・广东惠州.期中）So many problems ______ (settle), the manager felt stressed. 15.（26-27 高三上・辽宁沈阳.期中）The report ______ (submit) by our group was highly praised. 16.（26-27 高三上・陕西西安.9月质检）The teacher made him ______ (copy) the text ten times. 17.（26-27 高三上・河南郑州.10月质检）______ (not receive) any reply, he decided to write another letter. 18.（26-27 高三上・吉林长春.10月月考）The meeting ______ (be) over, we left the hall at once. 19.（26-27 高三上・山东青岛.10月联考）I have a lot of homework ______ (do) tonight. 20.（26-27 高三上・河北保定.11月质检）He had his bike ______ (repair) yesterday. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （一） （26-27高三上·河北沧州·联考）The wagon, a four-wheeled vehicle designed to be pulled by work animals, was in use as early as the 1st century BC, 56._________ (combine) earlier inventions such as the wheel with spokes (辐条) and the metal wheel edge. Early wagons also had features like movable front wheels and linchpins (轮销) 57_________ (secure) the wheels in place. So far, the wagon 58_________ (remain) in common use in its basic form for about 2,000 years. During the 9th century several 59_________ (addition) improvements in horse equipment and wheels led to a marked 60_________ (prefer) for wagons over carts as a means of passenger and long-distance transportation. Wagons were heavier than carts in construction, with a boxlike body 61_________ was useful for carrying goods and farm products and a smoother ride because of the natural stability of being supported on four wheels rather than two. Wagons 62_________ (produce) in many sizes and types, and those used for carrying passengers were equipped 63_________ springs between the body and the wheels. The coach form was 64_________ later innovation, becoming a separate type in the 16th century. One type of wagon, the Conestoga, was famous for carrying goods in the 18th century. Its later form, the prairie wagon (草原大篷车), was the most common vehicle 65_________ (employ) by settlers in the opening of the American West. （二） （26-27高三上·河北正定·质检）The Hezhen people live in the region of the Heilongjiang, Songhua and Wusuli rivers in northeast China. With a population of just over 5,000, they are among China’s 56._________ (small) ethnic groups. In 2025, China’s "Hezhen Yimakan storytelling" 57._________ (add) to UNESCO's intangible （非物质的） cultural heritage list. 58._________ (pass) down through generations, Hezhen Yimakan storytelling is told in the Hezhen language. This tradition, 59._________ (consist) of many short independent stories about teamwork and battles, shows the Hezhen people’s efforts 60._________ (protect) their land. It also keeps their traditional knowledge alive, including fishing and hunting 61._________ (skill). Performers of Yimakan act out without any musical instruments, switching between singing and talking. Different melodies （旋律） are used to correspond 62._________ different characters and storylines. Besides Yimakan storytelling, Hezhen dance is also well known, 63._________ local people attach great importance to during religious festivals and social gatherings. The dances are fairly lively, with movements that show the characteristics of Hezhen culture and religious values. For example, some dances follow the actions of fishing, hunting, and animal movements, showing a deep 64._________ (connect) between the Hezhen people and their traditional lifestyle. Dance serves not merely as a form of fun, 65._________ as a way to pass on cultural traditions and strengthen community ties. （三） （26-27高三上·河北邢台·10月检测）When Ricky Colomer Goenaga, 32, a designer from Spain, looked around and noticed a delivery robot following him, he wasn’t quite sure how to react. But one and a half years later, on a business trip to Beijing, he 56.________ (key) his room number into the order system and waited for the robot to carry his takeaway salad to his door. For many foreign visitors, such robots are among the first few 57.________ (surprise) they encounter in China. 58.________ (domestic), however, such robots are no longer 59.________ novelty. According to a report released in August 60.________a Beijing-based industry research organization, the penetration rate （渗透率） of hotel service robots in China was above 30 percent in 2025 and is expected to reach 50 percent by 2030. For hotels, the appeal is simple: robots can handle routine delivery tasks throughout the day, reducing staff workload. Guests order their takeaway, after 61.________the front desk loads the food into the robots and types in the room numbers. The robots then deliver it from the front desk to the doors. Between rushes, the machines stay 62.________ (park) at their charging stations. Autoxing Technology Co., one maker of such robots, 63.________(found) in 2020 with ambitions to develop autonomous-driving technology for cars. But the bet proved costly, causing the company 64.________ (narrow) its focus. Two years later, it launched its hotel robots, with exports now 65.________(account) for about 60 percent of its business, according to the company. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错点01 非谓语动词失分点避坑 内容导览 第一部分 典型易错研析 易错溯源 错题精讲 避错训练 易错陷阱1 非谓语动词作状语常见误区 易错陷阱2 非谓语动词作定语常见误区 易错陷阱3 非谓语动词作宾补常见误区 易错陷阱4 独立主格常见误区 易错陷阱5 非谓语被动式误区 易错陷阱6 非谓语完成式误区 第二部分 易错自查诊断 易错陷阱1：非谓语动词作状语常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、不定式作状语 （1）目的：可用to do、in order to do、so as to do，其中so as to do不入句首。 例：To catch the early train, she set her alarm for five o’clock. 为了赶上早班火车，她把闹钟设在了五点。 （2） 结果：多见于 too…to do、enough to do、so/such…as to，以及 only to do表“不料、结果却”。例：He hurried to the platform, only to see the train pull away. 他匆匆赶到站台，却只见火车已经驶离。 （3）原因：跟在表示情绪、评价的形容词后。 例：I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for a week. 很遗憾听到您已经病了一周了 二、分词作状语 分词的逻辑主语就是主句主语，可表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式。-ing表主动，-ed表被动。 （1）主动：Walking along the river, we heard birds singing in the reeds. （2）被动：Encouraged by her teacher, the girl entered the speech contest. 三、独立成分 generally speaking、judging from/by、considering、given that一类结构已固定成短语，其隐含主语不是主句主语，不受“主谓一致”约束。 四、判定边界 ①句中已有谓语且无连词，空处必为非谓语； ②分词状语的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则构成悬垂； ③表示“有意去做”用to do，表示“不料却”用only to do。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】______ (locate) at the meeting point of three provinces, the ancient town has long served as a trading center. 【答案】Located 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座古镇位于三省交界处，长期以来一直是贸易中心。句中已有谓语has served，空处只能填非谓语；town与locate是被动关系（be located at 意为“位于”），用过去分词Located作状语，句首字母大写。 ►错因分析 把“位于”理解成城镇自己发出的动作，误填Locating；或受汉语“位于”影响误填To locate；也有学生直接写成 was located，与主句谓语冲突。 ►方法总结 第一步，圈谓语：has served已是谓语，was located一类谓语形式立即出局。 第二步，定主语：状语所修饰的是the ancient town，而不是别的成分。 第三步，辨方向：城镇“被坐落”于某处，属被动关系，取-ed系列。 第四步，验位置：句首状语描述主语状态，Located at…与主语搭配成立，形式确定。 三条避坑提醒 1.judging from、considering、generally speaking是独立成分。 2.情绪类形容词后接不定式表原因，如I’m glad to meet you，不要写成meeting。 3. only to do前面多有逗号，语义上带转折，若句中并无“出乎意料”，应改用to do表目的。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·河北定州·月考）The tour group recorded their visits in the form of short videos, photography and paintings,_________(share) Shanxi’s stories with audiences at home and abroad. 【答案】sharing 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：旅行团以短视频、摄影和绘画的形式记录他们的行程，向国内外观众讲述山西故事。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词recorded且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“The tour group”和“share”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用share的现在分词sharing作伴随状语。故填sharing。 【变式2】 （26-27高三上·河北沧州·期中）Early wagons also had features like movable front wheels and linchpins （轮销） ____________(secure) the wheels in place. 【答案】to secure 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：早期的马车也有可转动前轮和轮销等部件，用来把轮子固定到位。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词had且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，此处表示部件的用途、目的，应用不定式to secure作目的状语。故填to secure。 【变式3】（26-27高三上·河北石家庄·期中）__________ (pass) down through generations, Hezhen Yimakan storytelling is told in the Hezhen language. 【答案】Passed 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：赫哲族伊玛堪说唱代代相传，用赫哲语讲述。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词is told且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Hezhen Yimakan storytelling”和“pass down”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用pass的过去分词Passed作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Passed。 易错陷阱2：非谓语动词作定语常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、四种形式的分工 （1）-ing：主动、正在进行。例：the girl singing on the stage（台上唱歌的女孩）。 （2）-ed：被动、已完成。例：the letters exchanged between the two schools（两校之间往来的信件）。 （3）to do：将要发生，也常与序数词、最高级、the only、the last 连用。例：the train to arrive at six（六点到站的那趟车）。 （4）being done / to be done：被动且正在进行 / 被动且将要发生。例：the road being widened（正在拓宽的那条路）。 二、位置与还原 单个分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语后置。后置定语几乎都能还原成定语从句，还原后时态、语态是否成立，是检验答案最直接的办法。 三、两个常被忽略的点 ①不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成、不表被动，如the changed plan（改变了的计划）； ②有些-ed已形容词化，如a worried look（担忧的神色），不再强调“被担忧”。 四、判定边界 先看被修饰名词与动词是主动还是被动，再看动作相对谓语的时间：正进行用-ing / being done，将发生用to do / to be done，已完成用-ed。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】The wooden tower ______ (restore) last winter is now open to visitors again. 【答案】restored 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：去年冬天修复的那座木塔现已重新对游客开放。句中已有谓语is，空处作后置定语修饰tower；塔与restore是被动关系，且工程在去年冬天已完成，用过去分词restored。 ►错因分析 见last winter就填was restored，把定语当谓语；或只想到被动，填being restored，忽略动作早已结束；也有填to be restored的，把已完成误作将来。 ►方法总结 第一步，查谓语：is 已占据谓语位置，一切谓语形式排除。 第二步，判关系：塔是“被修复”，被动，-ing 系列全排除。 第三步，定时点：last winter 指向已完成，用 -ed；若为“正被修复”，句中应有 now、under way 一类提示。 第四步，还原验证：补成 which was restored last winter，语法通顺，答案成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. the first / the last / the only后多用 to do，如 the first to arrive，不要习惯性填 -ing。 2. -ing 短语作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰的名词，不要误判成句子主语。 3. being done强调“正被”，命题人常用“now、at present、under construction”设套，务必看清时间词。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·河北石家庄·质检）There’s also a reference in an ancient book to an official of the Southern Tang dynasty_________ (tell) his daughter to "dig holes in the ground" so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick. 【答案】telling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一本古籍中还提到，南唐有位官员吩咐女儿“在地上挖坑”，这样他就能用一根特制的球杆把球打进坑里。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词is且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“an official”和“tell”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用tell的现在分词telling作后置定语。故填telling。 【变式2】（26-27高三上·河北定州·质检）This tradition, consisting of many short independent stories about teamwork and battles, shows the Hezhen people’s efforts _______(protect) their land. 【答案】to protect 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个传统包含许多关于协作与征战的独立小故事，展现了赫哲族人民守护自己土地的努力。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词show且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，固定搭配efforts to do sth.表示“做某事的努力”，不定式to protect作后置定语。故填to protect。 【变式3】（26-27高三上·河北衡水·期中）The Yungang Grottoes were first carved during the Northern Wei Dynasty, making them China’s first large-scale royal grotto complex ____________(construct) after the introduction of Buddhism. 【答案】constructed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：云冈石窟最早开凿于北魏时期，使它成为佛教传入后中国第一座大型皇家石窟群。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词were carved且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“royal grotto complex”和“construct”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用construct的过去分词constructed作后置定语。故填constructed。 易错陷阱3：非谓语动词作宾补常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、感官动词 see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find + 宾语 + do（全过程）、doing（正在进行）、done（被动完成）。 例：I watched the children fly kites in the park.看他们放完风筝整个过程。 I heard my name called at the gate.我在门口听到有人叫我的名字。 二、使役动词 make/let/have +宾语+ do，主动语态不带to；改为被动后to必须还原。 例：She was made to wait outside for an hour.她被迫在外面等了一个小时。 三、have / get三种结构 （1）have/get sth done：让某事被做，或遭遇某事。例：He had his bike repaired on the way home. （2）have sb do：让某人做某事。例：Mother had me wash the dishes after dinner. （3）have sb doing：让某人一直做。例：The funny story had us laughing all the way. 四、其余高频考点 （1）keep/leave/find +宾语+ doing/done； （2）with +宾语+ doing/done/to do； （3）advise/allow/permit/forbid/ask +宾语+to do。 五、判定边界 ①先判宾语与宾补动词的主被动； ②再判动作是全过程、正在进行还是已完成； ③遇到感官、使役动词的被动语态，先补to。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】When the lights suddenly went out, we found ourselves ______ (leave) in complete darkness. 【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：灯突然熄灭时，我们发现自己被留在一片漆黑之中。find + 宾语 + 宾补结构中，ourselves 与 leave 是被动关系，用过去分词 left 作宾语补足语。 ►错因分析 按“我们留下”的主动语感填 leaving，忽略 ourselves 是被“置于”黑暗中的一方；或受 find sb to do 的错误印象影响填 to leave。 ►方法总结 第一步，抓结构：find+宾语+宾补，空格处不是谓语，也不是定语。 第二步，看宾语：宾补的逻辑主语是ourselves，不是句子的we之外的成分。 第三步，辨关系：人是“被置于”黑暗中，被动，取-ed。 第四步，换位检验：把ourselves提到主语位置改写为 we were left in darkness，成立即确定。 三条避坑提醒 1. 感官动词变被动要还to：He was seen to enter the hall，不能写成was seen enter。 2. have sth done是“让某事被做”，have sb do是“让某人做”，一词之差意思相反。 3. with结构中的to do表“还有……要做”，如with a lot of work to do，不能换成doing。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·河北定州·月考）Digital technology allows us__________ (visualize) the grotto statues, and also helps audiences truly appreciate how ancient craftsmen created architectural miracles. 【答案】to visualize 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：数字技术让我们能够可视化石窟造像，也帮助观众真切领略古代工匠是如何创造建筑奇迹的。分析句子可知，固定搭配allow sb. to do sth. 表示“允许某人做某事”，不定式to visualize作宾语补足语。故填to visualize。 【变式2】（26-27高三上·河北邢台·质检）Two years later, it launched its hotel robots, with exports now ___________(account) for about 60 percent of its business, according to the company. 【答案】accounting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，该公司推出酒店机器人。据该公司介绍，目前出口业务约占其业务总量的60%。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词launched，此处为with复合结构，“exports”和“account for”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用account的现在分词accounting作宾语补足语。故填accounting。 【变式3】（26-27高三上·河北邢台·期中）But the bet proved costly, causing the company _________ (narrow) its focus. 【答案】to narrow 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是这场赌注代价高昂，使得公司不得不缩小业务范围。分析句子可知，固定搭配cause sb.sth. to do sth. 表示“使得……做某事”，不定式to narrow作宾语补足语。故填to narrow。 易错陷阱4：独立主格常见误区 易·错·溯·源 一、结构本质 名词或代词+非谓语（也可接形容词、副词、介词短语），前一部分自任逻辑主语，整体相当于一个状语从句，但自身不作句子成分、不作谓语。 二、四种形式 （1）n/pron + -ing：主动或正在进行。例：Night falling, we lit the lamps in the yard. （2）n/pron + -ed：被动或已完成。 例：The meeting over, they went their separate ways. （3）n/pron + to do：将来。 例：So many problems to solve, we had no time to rest. （4）n/pron +形容词/副词/介词短语。例：His hand shaking, he signed the paper. 三、与with复合结构 with +名词+ doing/done/to do是独立主格的常见变体，多一层with，功能同为伴随状语。 Tom froze there, with tears rolling down his cheeks. =Tom froze there, tears rolling down his cheeks. 四、与分词状语的分界 （1）分词状语的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致； （2）独立主格自带主语，因此允许与主句主语不同； （3）二者混用，就出现“悬垂分词”。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】The task ______ (complete), the workers went home for a good rest. 【答案】completed 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：任务完成后，工人们回家好好休息了一场。逗号前没有连词、没有谓语，The task自带逻辑主语，与complete 构成被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词completed，整体相当于After the task was completed。 ►错因分析 误填completing，把“任务”当成动作发出者；误填was completed，与主句谓语冲突；也有填to complete的，把独立主格误解为目的状语。 ►方法总结 第一步，查有无谓语：逗号前若无谓语、无连词，才可能是独立主格。 第二步，查主语是否另立：The task与主句主语 the workers不同，属于自带主语。 第三步，辨关系与时间：任务“被完成”且先于“回家”，用-ed。 第四步，还原从句：After the task was completed 是否通顺，通顺即成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. 悬垂分词是最高频的错：Standing on the top, the city looked beautiful，主语city不会stand，须改主句主语或改结构。 2. 独立主格前不加连词，一旦写了if、because，就变成从句，谓语必须补全。 3. There being no water, we had to stop是固定考法，there be的独立主格只能用being。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上·山西太原·月考）Time ______ (permit), we'd like you to answer relevant questions raised by students. 【答案】permitting 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果时间允许，我们希望你回答学生提出的相关问题。逗号前后无连词，time自带逻辑主语，与permit构成主动关系，用现在分词permitting，整体相当于If time permits。 【变式2】（26-27 高三上・山东潍坊。月考）So many problems ______ (settle), the manager felt worried. 【答案】to settle 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：还有这么多问题有待解决，经理感到很焦虑。逗号前后无连词，so many problems自带逻辑主语，与settle是待处理的被动含义，动作尚未发生，用不定式to settle，整体相当于 because there were so many problems to settle。 【变式3】（26-27 高三上・江苏苏州。期中）All things ______ (take) into careful consideration, the plan is practical. 【答案】considered 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：综合考虑所有因素，这个方案是可行的。逗号前后无连词，all things自带逻辑主语，与consider构成被动关系，用过去分词considered，整体相当于If all things are considered。 易错陷阱5：非谓语被动式误区 易·错·溯·源 一、三种被动形式 （1）being done：被动且正在进行。 例：The gym being repaired now will reopen in May. （2）having been done：被动且先于谓语完成。 例：Having been rejected twice, he still applied a third time. （3）to be done / to have been done：被动且将来/被动且先于谓语。 例：The issue to be discussed on Friday concerns every family. 二、主动形式表被动意义 （1)be worth doing: The film is worth watching twice. （2)need/want/require doing = need to be done: The garden needs watering. （3)be easy/hard/difficult/pleasant to do: The article is pleasant to read. （4)be to blame: Who is to blame for the delay? 三、判断边界 ①先确认主被动，再确认时间； ②固定结构中“主动表被动”不可替换成被动式； ③happen、occur、appear、belong to、date back to等不及物动词无被动。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】The wooden floor requires ______ (oil) twice a year to stay smooth and bright. 【答案】oiling/to be oiled 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这块木地板每年需要上两次油，才能保持光洁明亮。require doing意为“需要被做”，主动形式表被动意义，相当于require to be oiled，故填oiling/to be oiled。 ►错因分析 照“地板被上油”的被动逻辑填being oiled；或受require sb to do 影响填to oil；也有按需错写成to be oiled 的。 ►方法总结 第一步，认结构：见到 require、need、want作“需要”解，先想到“doing 表被动”。 第二步，判主语：主语是物（floor），才可用 doing 表被动；主语是人则只能接to do。 第三步，查等义式：require doing与require to be done 同义，二者只能选其一，不可叠加成being done。 第四步，回译验证：译成“地板需要被打油”，语义通顺，oiling成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. worth、worthy、worthwhile结构各不相同：worth doing / worthy of being done / worthwhile to do。 2. need doing与need to be done同义，但主语是人时只能用need to do。 3. Having been told the truth, he said nothing中，完成被动式必须能读出“先发生”，否则改用一般式being told。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27 高三上・山东济南。月考）All his attention ______ (fix) on the experiment, he didn’t notice my arrival. 【答案】fixed 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：他所有注意力都集中在实验上，没有注意到我来了。逗号前后无连词，all his attention自带逻辑主语，与fix构成被动关系，用过去分词fixed，整体相当于Because all his attention was fixed on the experiment。 【变式2】（26-27 高三上・广东佛山.月考）The meeting ______ (being hold) now, we have to wait outside. 【答案】being held 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：会议正在举行，我们只能在外面等候。逗号前后无连词，the meeting自带逻辑主语，与hold构成被动关系且动作正在进行，用现在分词的被动式being held，整体相当于Because the meeting is being held now。 【变式3】（26-27 高三上・重庆.月考）More work ______ (be done) before sunset, we have to hurry up. 【答案】to be done 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：日落前还有更多工作要完成，我们必须抓紧时间。逗号前后无连词，more work自带逻辑主语，与do构成被动关系且动作尚未发生，用不定式的被动式to be done，整体相当于 Because more work is to be done before sunset。 易错陷阱6：非谓语完成式误区 易·错·溯·源 一、三种完成形式 （1）having done：主动，且先于谓语发生。 例：Having read the letter twice, she folded it carefully. （2）having been done：被动，且先于谓语发生。 例：Having been warned of the storm, the fishermen stayed in port. （3）to have done / to have been done：不定式动作先于谓语，多跟在 seem、appear、be said、be reported、be believed 之后。例：The old man is said to have visited the temple three times. 二、与一般式的分界 （1）一般式（doing / done / to do）表与谓语同时或之后； （2）完成式表先于谓语。“先后”是唯一分界线。 三、三条边界 ①完成式作状语、作部分宾语，不能作定语和宾补； ②句中已有after、before、when明示先后时，用一般式亦可； ③感官动词后的-ed只表被动完成，不能换成having done。 错·题·精·讲 【典例】______ (win) three gold medals at the world championships, the swimmer announced her retirement. 【答案】Having won 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在世锦赛上夺得三枚金牌后，这位游泳运动员宣布退役。句中已有谓语 announced，空处作时间状语；swimmer与win是主动关系，且“夺金”先于“宣布退役”，用现在分词的完成式Having won。 ►错因分析 只看到主动关系就填Winning，忽略动作先后；或误填Won，把主动关系写成被动；也有填To win 的，把已完成误作目的。 ►方法总结 第一步，定谓语：announced是谓语，空处为非谓语，先排除had won。 第二步，辨关系：运动员自己夺金，主动，取-ing系列。 第三步，定先后：夺金在前、宣布在后，用完成式having done。 第四步，换句验证：改写为After she had won three gold medals, 语义通顺即成立。 三条避坑提醒 1. 不要一见逗号就写两个并列谓语，Having won…与announced才是一主一从的正确关系。 2. be said/reported/believed to have done表示“据说已经……”，不能简化为to do。 3. 完成式不能作定语，the man having finished the work不合规范，应改为who had finished the work。 避·错·训·练 【变式1】（26-27高三上・河北唐山。月考）______ (fail) twice in the driving test, he changed his training plan completely. 【答案】Having failed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两次驾照考试失利后，他彻底调整了训练计划。原句he与fail是主动关系，且“两次失败”先于“改变计划”，用完成式Having failed。 【变式2】（26-27高三上・河北承德。联考）The young writer is reported ______ (sign) a contract with a film company last month. 【答案】to have signed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，这位年轻作家上月与一家电影公司签订了合同。be reported to do结构中，签约发生在last month，先于谓语is reported，用不定式完成式to have signed。 【变式3】（26-27高三上・河北保定。质检）______ (not receive) any reply from the company, she wrote a second email. 【答案】Not having received 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于未收到公司任何回复，她又写了一封电子邮件。she与receive是主动关系，且“未收到回复”先于“又写一封”，用否定形式的完成式Not having received。 一、单句语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（26-27高三上・安徽合肥・9月月考）______ (see) from the top of the hill, the whole town looks amazing. 【答案】Seen 【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：从山顶望去，整座城镇看起来美极了。主句主语the whole town和 see 构成被动关系，用过去分词seen作条件状语，不能用seeing（容易误选seeing，犯悬垂分词错误），整体相当于When the whole town is seen from the top of the hill。 2.（26-27高三上・山西大同・9月月考）Time ______ (permit), we will visit the old castle. 【答案】permitting 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果时间允许，我们将会参观这座古堡。逗号前后无连词，time自带逻辑主语，与permit构成主动关系，用现在分词permitting，整体相当于If time permits。 3.（26-27 高三上・福建厦门・10月月考）The bridge ______ (build) next year will connect the two villages. 【答案】to be built 【解析】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：明年将要修建的这座桥会连接两个村庄。the bridge和build是被动关系，next year提示动作尚未发生，用不定式被动to be built作后置定语，易错填built（表已建好），整体相当于the bridge that will be built next year。 4.（26-27高三上・湖北武汉・11月月考）I heard him ______ (sing) an English song when I passed his room. 【答案】singing 【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：我经过他房间的时候听见他正在唱一首英文歌。him和sing 是主动关系，when I passed 强调动作正在进行，用现在分词 singing 作宾补，易错填 sing（表听见全过程），整体相当于 I heard that he was singing an English song。 5.（26-27 高三上・浙江温州・10月质检）The building ______ (build) now will be our new library. 【答案】being built 【解析】考查非谓语动词被动式。句意：正在建造的这栋楼将会是我们的新图书馆。the building和build是被动关系，now提示动作正在进行，用现在分词被动being built作后置定语，易错填built（已完工）、to be built（将要建），整体相当于the building that is being built now。 6.（26-27 高三上・湖北黄冈・期中）______ (finish) all the work, she went home happily. 【答案】Having finished 【解析】考查非谓语动词完成式。句意：完成所有工作之后，她开心地回家了。主句主语she和finish主动，finish发生在went home之前，用having finished，易错填Finishing，忽略时间先后，整体相当于After she had finished all the work。 7.（26-27 高三上・江西南昌・10月联考）______ (finish) his homework, Tom went out to play basketball. 【答案】Having finished 【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：做完作业后，汤姆出去打篮球了。主句主语Tom和finish是主动关系，finish动作发生在went out之前，用现在分词的完成式having finished，易错填finishing，忽略动作先后，整体相当于After he had finished his homework。 8.（26-27 高三上・江苏南通・9月月考）His voice ______ (tremble) with excitement, he read the letter aloud to the whole class. 【答案】trembling 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：他激动得声音颤抖，向全班大声朗读了这封信。逗号前后无连词，his voice 自带逻辑主语，与tremble构成主动关系，用现在分词trembling，整体相当于His voice trembled with excitement。 9.（26-27 高三上・浙江・11月联考）The girl ______ (stand) by the window is my younger sister. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：站在窗边的女孩是我的妹妹。the girl和stand是主动、正在进行的关系，用现在分词standing作后置定语，易错填stood，误把非谓语当成谓语，整体相当于the girl who is standing by the window。 10.（26-27 高三上・湖南长沙・9月月考）We should keep our classroom ______ (clean) every day. 【答案】cleaned 【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：我们应该每天保持教室干净。our classroom和clean构成被动关系，用过去分词cleaned作宾补，易错填cleaning，整体相当于keep our classroom so that it is cleaned every day。 11.（26-27 高三上・广西南宁・10月质检）There are still many tasks ______ (complete) before Friday. 【答案】to be completed 【解析】考查非谓语动词被动式。句意：周五之前还有很多任务有待完成。tasks和complete是被动关系，动作尚未发生，用不定式被动to be completed作后置定语，易错填being completed（正在被完成），整体相当于many tasks that will be completed before Friday。 12.（26-27 高三上・贵州贵阳・期中）______ (tell) many times, he still didn’t understand the rule. 【答案】Having been told 【解析】考查非谓语动词完成式。句意：虽然已经被告诉很多次了，他还是不懂这条规则。主句主语he和 tell是被动关系，tell动作发生在didn’t understand之前，用having been told，易错填Told，没有突出反复多次、先发生的含义，整体相当于Although he had been told many times。 13.（26-27 高三上・四川成都・期中）He hurried to the station, only ______ (find) that the train had left. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。only to do用来表示出乎意料的坏结果，易错填 finding（finding 常表伴随），整体相当于and he only found that the train had left。 14.（26-27 高三上・广东惠州・期中）So many problems ______ (settle), the manager felt stressed. 【答案】to settle 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：还有这么多问题有待解决，经理感到压力很大。逗号前后无连词，so many problems自带逻辑主语，settle是待发生的动作，用不定式to settle，整体相当于Because there were so many problems to settle。 15.（26-27 高三上・辽宁沈阳・期中）The report ______ (submit) by our group was highly praised. 【答案】submitted 【解析】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：我们小组提交的这份报告受到了高度赞扬。the report和submit是被动、已经完成的关系，用过去分词submitted作后置定语，易错填being submitted（表正在被提交），整体相当于the report that was submitted by our group。 16.（26-27 高三上・陕西西安・9月质检）The teacher made him ______ (copy) the text ten times. 【答案】copy 【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：老师让他抄写课文十遍。make是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾补，易错填to copy，整体相当于The teacher required that he copy the text ten times。 17.（26-27 高三上・河南郑州・10月质检）______ (not receive) any reply, he decided to write another letter. 【答案】Not having received 【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为没有收到回复，他决定再写一封信。主句主语he和receive是主动关系，receive发生在decided 之前，否定词放非谓语前，易错填Not receiving，忽略动作先后，整体相当于Because he hadn’t received any reply。 18.（26-27 高三上・吉林长春.10月月考）The meeting ______ (be) over, we left the hall at once. 【答案】being 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：会议结束了，我们立刻离开了大厅。逗号前后无连词，the meeting自带逻辑主语，和be是主动关系，用现在分词being，易错填was（直接加谓语，出现两套谓语），整体相当于When the meeting was over。 19.（26-27 高三上・山东青岛・10月联考）I have a lot of homework ______ (do) tonight. 【答案】to do 【解析】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：我今晚有很多作业要写。不定式to do作后置定语表将来，用主动形式表被动含义，易错填to be done，整体相当于homework that I will do tonight。 20.（26-27 高三上・河北保定・11月质检）He had his bike ______ (repair) yesterday. 【答案】repaired 【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：他昨天找人修了自行车。his bike和repair是被动关系，have sth done表示“让某物被……”，易错填repairing，整体相当于he asked someone to repair his bike yesterday。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （一） （26-27高三上·河北沧州·联考）The wagon, a four-wheeled vehicle designed to be pulled by work animals, was in use as early as the 1st century BC, 56._________ (combine) earlier inventions such as the wheel with spokes (辐条) and the metal wheel edge. Early wagons also had features like movable front wheels and linchpins (轮销) 57_________ (secure) the wheels in place. So far, the wagon 58_________ (remain) in common use in its basic form for about 2,000 years. During the 9th century several 59_________ (addition) improvements in horse equipment and wheels led to a marked 60_________ (prefer) for wagons over carts as a means of passenger and long-distance transportation. Wagons were heavier than carts in construction, with a boxlike body 61_________ was useful for carrying goods and farm products and a smoother ride because of the natural stability of being supported on four wheels rather than two. Wagons 62_________ (produce) in many sizes and types, and those used for carrying passengers were equipped 63_________ springs between the body and the wheels. The coach form was 64_________ later innovation, becoming a separate type in the 16th century. One type of wagon, the Conestoga, was famous for carrying goods in the 18th century. Its later form, the prairie wagon (草原大篷车), was the most common vehicle 65_________ (employ) by settlers in the opening of the American West. 【答案】56. combining 57. to secure 58. has remained 59. additional 60. preference 61. that/which 62. were produced 63. with 64. a 65. employed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍马车的发展历史、构造特点以及在交通发展中的作用，还介绍了驿站马车、康内斯托加马车和草原大篷车等不同类型马车的用途。 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：马车早在公元前1世纪就投入使用，融合了带辐条轮子、金属轮缘等早期发明。主句主语 the wagon与 combine为逻辑上的主动关系，此处用现在分词作伴随状语。故填combining。 57. 考查非谓语动词。句意：早期马车还有可转动前轮、轮销等构造，用来固定车轮。此处用不定式作目的状语，说明这些部件的功能。故填to secure。 58. 考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，这种基础样式的马车已经沿用大约 2000年了。时间标志词so far意为“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用；主语the wagon为单数。故填has remained。 59. 考查形容词。句意：在9世纪，马具和车轮方面又有几项额外改进，使得人们明显更偏爱马车，而非两轮运货马车，将其作为客运和长途运输工具。修饰名词improvements需用形容词，addition的形容词形式为 additional，意为“额外的”。故填additional。 60. 考查名词。句意同上。marked为形容词，后面接名词；prefer的名词形式是preference，意为“偏爱”。故填preference。 61. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：马车结构上比两轮运货马车更重，它盒状的车身适合装载货物和农产品，四轮支撑天然更稳，乘坐起来更平稳。先行词a boxlike body指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用that或which。故填that/which。 62. 考查时态和语态。句意：马车有多种尺寸和样式，载客的马车会在车身和车轮之间加装弹簧。主语 Wagons和produce之间是被动关系；文章介绍过去的事物，用一般过去时，主语为复数。故填were produced。 63. 考查介词。句意同上。固定搭配be equipped with，表示“配备有……”。故填with。 64. 考查冠词。句意：四轮大马车是后来的一项革新，在16世纪成为独立品类。innovation是可数名词单数，later 以辅音音素开头，此处表泛指“一项革新”，用不定冠词a。故填a。 65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的后续版本草原大篷车，是西进运动中定居者最常用的交通工具。vehicle和employ是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填employed。 （二） （26-27高三上·河北正定·质检）The Hezhen people live in the region of the Heilongjiang, Songhua and Wusuli rivers in northeast China. With a population of just over 5,000, they are among China’s 56._________ (small) ethnic groups. In 2025, China’s "Hezhen Yimakan storytelling" 57._________ (add) to UNESCO's intangible （非物质的） cultural heritage list. 58._________ (pass) down through generations, Hezhen Yimakan storytelling is told in the Hezhen language. This tradition, 59._________ (consist) of many short independent stories about teamwork and battles, shows the Hezhen people’s efforts 60._________ (protect) their land. It also keeps their traditional knowledge alive, including fishing and hunting 61._________ (skill). Performers of Yimakan act out without any musical instruments, switching between singing and talking. Different melodies （旋律） are used to correspond 62._________ different characters and storylines. Besides Yimakan storytelling, Hezhen dance is also well known, 63._________ local people attach great importance to during religious festivals and social gatherings. The dances are fairly lively, with movements that show the characteristics of Hezhen culture and religious values. For example, some dances follow the actions of fishing, hunting, and animal movements, showing a deep 64._________ (connect) between the Hezhen people and their traditional lifestyle. Dance serves not merely as a form of fun, 65._________ as a way to pass on cultural traditions and strengthen community ties. 【答案】56. smallest 57. was added 58. Passed 59. consisting 60. to protect 61. skills 62. to 63. which 64. connection 65. but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍赫哲族以及赫哲族伊玛堪说唱，它被列入联合国非物质文化遗产名录，同时介绍了伊玛堪说唱的形式、内容，以及赫哲族舞蹈的特色与文化意义。 56. 考查形容词最高级。句意：赫哲族人口仅有五千多人，是中国人口最少的少数民族之一。“among +形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“在……之中最……之一”。故填smallest。 57. 考查时态和语态。句意：2025年，中国“赫哲族伊玛堪说唱”被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。时间状语 In 2025表示过去时间，主语“Hezhen Yimakan storytelling”和add之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was added。 58. 考查非谓语动词。句意：赫哲族伊玛堪说唱以赫哲语讲述，代代相传。主语Hezhen Yimakan storytelling 和 pass down是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Passed。 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一传统包含许多关于协作与征战的独立小故事，展现了赫哲族人民守护家园的努力。This tradition与consist of为逻辑上的主动关系，consist of无被动形式，用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。 60. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。固定搭配one’s efforts to do sth.表示“某人做某事的努力”，不定式作后置定语。故填to protect。 61. 考查名词复数。句意：它也传承着他们的传统知识，包括渔猎技艺。skill是可数名词，此处表示多种技艺，用复数形式。故填skills。 62. 考查介词。句意：不同的旋律用来对应不同的人物和故事情节。固定搭配correspond to，表示“与…… 相对应、符合”。故填to。 63. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：除了伊玛堪说唱，赫哲族舞蹈也十分出名，当地人在宗教节日和社交集会中十分重视它。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hezhen dance，关系词在从句中作attach great importance to的宾语，用which。故填which。 64. 考查名词。句意：例如，一些舞蹈模仿捕鱼、狩猎以及动物的动作，体现出赫哲族人民和其传统生活方式之间深厚的联系。不定冠词a后面接单数名词，connect的名词形式是connection。故填connection。 65. 考查连词。句意：舞蹈不仅仅是娱乐形式，更是传承文化传统、巩固社群纽带的方式。固定结构not merely...but (also).意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 （三） （26-27高三上·河北邢台·10月检测）When Ricky Colomer Goenaga, 32, a designer from Spain, looked around and noticed a delivery robot following him, he wasn’t quite sure how to react. But one and a half years later, on a business trip to Beijing, he 56.________ (key) his room number into the order system and waited for the robot to carry his takeaway salad to his door. For many foreign visitors, such robots are among the first few 57.________ (surprise) they encounter in China. 58.________ (domestic), however, such robots are no longer 59.________ novelty. According to a report released in August 60.________a Beijing-based industry research organization, the penetration rate （渗透率） of hotel service robots in China was above 30 percent in 2025 and is expected to reach 50 percent by 2030. For hotels, the appeal is simple: robots can handle routine delivery tasks throughout the day, reducing staff workload. Guests order their takeaway, after 61.________the front desk loads the food into the robots and types in the room numbers. The robots then deliver it from the front desk to the doors. Between rushes, the machines stay 62.________ (park) at their charging stations. Autoxing Technology Co., one maker of such robots, 63.________(found) in 2020 with ambitions to develop autonomous-driving technology for cars. But the bet proved costly, causing the company 64.________ (narrow) its focus. Two years later, it launched its hotel robots, with exports now 65.________(account) for about 60 percent of its business, according to the company. 【答案】56. keyed 57. surprises 58. Domestically 59. a 60. by 61. which 62. parked 63. was founded 64. to narrow 65. accounting 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述西班牙设计师在北京体验酒店配送机器人，介绍国内酒店服务机器人的普及现状、运作流程以及一家机器人企业转型研发酒店机器人的发展历程。 56. 考查动词时态。句意：但一年半之后，在一次来北京出差时，他把房间号输入下单系统，等着机器人把外卖沙拉送到门口。and连接并列谓语，由waited可知此处为一般过去时，key的过去式为keyed。故填keyed。 57. 考查名词复数。句意：对于很多外国游客来说，这类机器人是他们在中国遇到的几件新鲜事物之一。“one of +可数名词复数” 表示 “……之一”，surprise此处为可数名词，意为 “令人惊奇的事物”。故填 surprises。 58. 考查副词。句意：然而在国内，这类机器人早已不再新奇。空处修饰整个句子，要用副词；domestic的副词形式Domestically，表示“在国内”，句首首字母大写。故填Domestically。 59. 考查冠词。句意：然而在国内，这类机器人早已不再新奇。novelty是可数名词单数，此处表泛指 “一件新奇事物”，novelty以辅音音素开头。故填 a。 60. 考查介词。句意：根据北京一家行业研究机构8月发布的一份报告……。介词by引出动作的发出者，表示 “由……（发布）”。故填by。 61. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：客人点外卖，之后前台把食物装进机器人，输入房间号。先行词是前面整件事，关系词在介词 after之后作宾语，只能用which。故填which。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在订单空档期，这些机器停放在充电站。the machines和park之间是逻辑被动关系，用过去分词作表语。故填parked。 63. 考查时态和语态。句意：这类机器人的生产商之一，擎星科技公司成立于2020年，初衷是研发汽车自动驾驶技术。主语Autoxing Technology Co. 与found是被动关系，in 2020为过去时间，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was founded。 64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但这项投入成本巨大，使得公司不得不缩小业务范围。固定搭配cause sb./sth. to do sth.表示“导致……做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to narrow。 65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，该公司推出酒店机器人，据公司介绍，目前出口业务约占其业务总量的60%。此处为with复合结构，exports和account for是逻辑主动关系，用现在分词。故填accounting。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $