精品解析：上海华东师范大学附属东昌中学2026-2027学年度第一学期高一期中英语试卷

华东师范大学附属东昌中学 2026学年度第一学期高一期中英语试卷 （总分110分 时间90分钟） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（共25分） （1-10题每题1分：11-21题每题1.5分） Section A Short conversations Directions: In Section A, you’ll hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. He once thought about it. B. He thinks the weather is great. C. The school has never had to close for any reason. D. The weather caused the school to close on one occasion. 2. A. Her watch is broken. B. She will watch the movie later. C. Her television set isn’t working. D. She will watch TV while eating. 3. A. Bob has a new car and an old car. B. Bob doesn’t know much about cars. C. Bob isn’t ready to buy a new car yet. D. Bob’s old car is still in good condition. 4. A. The quiz will be very short. B. He’ll give the quiz at a later time. C. The quiz won’t be ready until Thursday. D. He’ll score the quiz quickly. 5. A. How long the man’s phone can work after the battery is charged up. B. How durable the man’s phone battery is after several charges. C. How durable the man’s phone is if the battery is dead. D. How long it takes to charge the man’s phone battery. 6. A. Make another appointment with her doctor. B. Take the medicine as she was directed to. C. Rest her back for a few days. D. Stop taking the medicine. 7. A. She would like to go to the game with the man. B. She doesn’t like watching basketball. C. She’ll sell the man her ticket. D. She doesn’t have a TV set. 8. A. She prefers the door to be open to have some breeze in. B. She doesn’t want her talk with Mr. Smith to be heard. C. She doesn’t mind whether the door is closed or not. D. She will talk about her privacy with Mrs. Smith. 9. A. Tom’s boss has a twin brother. B. The person in black is Tom’s boss. C. Tom didn’t know where his boss was. D. The person in black looks like Tom’s boss. 10. A. Not many people know the piece of music. B. He doesn’t know the music well enough. C. He hasn’t been playing the piano long. D. People often ask him to play the music. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A recipe for a soft drink. B. The medicinal effects of cola. C. The history of cola. D. Soft-drink production. 12. A. He developed cola. B. He sold cola to doctors. C. He was a drugstore clerk. D. He suffered from severe headaches. 13. A. By heating it. B. By adding soda water (苏打水). C. By mixing it with special oils. D. By combining it with different flavors. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Old seven wonders of the world. B. An international vote. C. An adventurer and filmmaker. D. The Great Pyramid of Giza. 15. A. Architects. B. Bernard Weber. C. Common people. D. The United Nations. 16. A. The Internet. B. The Statue of Liberty. C. Petra in Jordan. D. The Colosseum. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She’ll ride with Jack’s roommate. B. She’ll drive her own car. C. She’ll take a train. D. She’ll fly. 18. A. At a camp. B. On a train. C. At Jack’s party. D. In a music center. 19. A. They both know Jack. B. They both enjoy camping. C. They both live in New York. D. They are both interested in music. 20. A. Meet Jack. B. Attend a concert. C. Collect her train ticket. D. Have dinner with Laura. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分，每题1分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fighting over household chores and responsibilities is one of the most common arguments in any marriage or relationship. One couple has a unique way to settle those arguments — cold hard cash. Daniel Reeves and Bethany Soule are a happily ____1____ (marry) couple with two children. They believe their happiness doesn’t come from fighting about chores, but instead ____2____ (pay) each other to shoulder the responsibilities they don’t want to do themselves. Bethany might pay Daniel $20 to put the kids to bed one night. And Daniel might receive money from Bethany to walk the dog when it’s raining outside the next day. These numbers aren’t just random, though. ____3____ a task needs completing, they both will write down the number (in dollars) they’d be willing to perform the task for on a piece of paper. They then show each other the number. The one with the ____4____ (low) number is then paid by the other to complete the task. The things this couple will do for cash don’t stop at just household chores, though. Daniel paid Bethany $30,000 to have each of their two children. They also used this system to decide how ____5____ (name) their children. The person who chose the name had to pay for the privilege. ____6____ the fact that many couples can’t imagine using such a system, Daniel and Bethany say it works great. For the couple, cash, something ____7____ is a little more practical, seems to work well for them. It keeps them from being at each other’s throats, and things get done around the house. Some people believe that marriage is difficult enough without trivializing (贬低) everything with a dollar amount while ____8____ hold that this cash system is just a fair and practical way to divide housework. Unsurprisingly, this unconventional couple also co-founded an unconventional business that helps people commit to goals through staking money with their online goal-tracking app. ____9____ your goal is losing weight or learning English, they believe the key to success is money. Their business ____10____ (call) Bee-minder because they give you goal reminders but with a sting (蛰) if you fail. Bethany explains it simply, “You should make a promise for the money to stay on track towards your goals, and if you go off track, we take your money.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. age B. concerned C. canceled D. appointed E. witnessed F. attack G. address H. attach I. rock J. estate K. affection Queen Elizabeth II, the UK’s longest-serving monarch, has died at Balmoral aged 96, after reigning for 70 years. She died peacefully on Thursday afternoon at her Scottish ____11____, where she had spent much of the summer. The Queen came to the throne (登基) in 1952 and ____12____ enormous social change. Her son King Charles Ⅲ said the death of his beloved mother was a “moment of great sadness” for him and his family and that her loss would be “deeply felt” around the world. During the coming period of mourning, he said he and his family would be “comforted and sustained by our knowledge of the respect and deep ____13____ that people widely had for the Queen”. The King and his wife, Camilla, now Queen Consort, will return to London on Friday, Buckingham Palace said. He is expected to ____14____ the nation on TV this Friday. Senior royals had gathered at Balmoral after the Queen’s doctors became ____15____ about her health earlier in the day. All the Queen’s children travelled to Balmoral after doctors placed the Queen under medical supervision (在医护人员监护下). Her grandson and now heir to the throne, Prince William, and his brother, Prince Harry, also gathered there. Prime Minister Liz Truss, who was ____16____ by the Queen on Tuesday, said the monarch (女王) was the ____17____ on which modern Britain was built, who had “provided us with the stability and strength that we needed”. Speaking about the new King, she said: “We offer him our loyalty and devotion, just as his mother devoted so much, to so many, for so long. “And with the passing of the second Elizabethan ____18____, we enter a new era in the magnificent history of our great country, exactly as Her Majesty would have wished, by saying the words ‘God save the King’.” The Royal Family has now entered a period of mourning. In the coming days, much of national life will be delayed. Official engagements will be _____19_____ and union flags will be flown at half-mast (降半旗) on royal residences, government buildings, across the Armed Forces and on UK posts overseas. Members of Parliament will pay tribute to the Queen and take an oath to King Charles. A state funeral for the Queen is expected in the next two weeks. Foreign leaders have paid tribute to the Queen, with US President Joe Biden recalling how she stood firmly with the US in their “darkest days” after the 9/11 terrorist _____20_____. To France’s president, Emmanuel Macron, she was a “kind-hearted Queen” and “friend of France”. Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension（共45分，41-55题每题1分；56-70题每题2分） Section A（共15分，每题1分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. There is little doubt that it is essential for students to have a good lunch. When____21____ ideas from friends, I discover that one of them has such horrible memories of her childhood school dinners and another____22____ that school dinners are the best choice from a health perspective. What I would like to see is a bit of European savoir faire (社交能力) when it comes to school lunch____23____ . In France and Italy, pupils and teachers sit down ____24____ for a three-course meal of fresh, seasonal food. In Japan, manners are emphasized as pupils____25____ the midday meal of rice, soup, fish and milk to their peers and teachers alike. American school meals keep to stricter nutritional guidelines than in the past. ____26____ the youngest children start to eat in the canteen, dinner ladies watch over them to____27____ they eat some vegetables. At secondary schools the temptation is to ____28____ the cafeteria completely and buy often less-healthy food elsewhere, though there are inspiring reports of some secondary schools____29____ meals that pupils really want to eat. What about the packed lunch? When I was a middle school student, one day, I carried my new pink Barbie lunch box into school, but I couldn’t ____30____ what was inside, probably because it was exactly the same as everyone else’s lunch. The recollection of a friend is that his Spanish mother____31____ him long rolls filled with ham she’d imported from her native Catalonia (加泰罗尼亚, 西班牙地名), rice and garbanzos (鹰嘴豆), and other very un-English delicacies. He says having to open that box with all its accompanying smells____32____ him for his whole life. Cost is important to people in the lowest income group when considering lunch. Time pressures also appear to be a deciding ____33____ on whether to pack or buy. Many people I spoke to said that they ____34____ school lunches because they had enough to do in the morning without packing a lunch box. ____35____ , I prefer a hot meal and admit sometimes finding the morning lunch-packing too much trouble. What do you eat for lunch at school and why? 21. A. collecting B. responding C. illustrating D. recommending 22. A. doubts B. holds C. resists D. promises 23. A. freedom B. instruction C. solution D. culture 24. A. straight B. together C. forever D. alone 25. A. buy B. eat C. serve D. prepare 26. A. Unless B. In case C. Once D. Now that 27. A. check in B. refer to C. search for D. make sure 28. A. leave B. avoid C. favour D. support 29. A. affecting B. involving C. offering D. appreciating 30. A. remember B. honour C. expect D. consider 31. A. combined B. afforded C. helped D. packed 32. A. ruined B. adapted C. scared D. qualified 33. A. desire B. factor C. complaint D. requirement 34. A. disliked B. commented C. chose D. affected 35. A. Personally B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Fortunately Section B（共22分，每题2分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A We went to the T. B. Blackstone Library, not far from Lake Michigan. You could easily miss the building if you didn’t know what you were looking for. But once you were inside, you could never mistake it for anything else. We passed through two sets of heavy brass doors to the lobby (大堂) of the library. And if we turned right then, we could see an alcove (壁龛) with tables; this led, in turn, to a big reading room with a gigantic and ancient globe that sat in front of the largest windows. I liked to look at Africa, with the coded colors of the different countries like the Belgian Congo and Rhodesia, and try to remember which countries were fighting to be free just as we were struggling for civil rights. I had heard Daddy talking about the struggle, arguing with the television as someone discussed it on a news show. One Saturday, as I wandered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott. I could tell from looking at the shelf that she’d written a lot of books, but I didn’t know anything about her. I had learned from experience that titles weren’t everything. A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home, and every bad book I brought home meant one less book to read until we went back in two weeks. So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs: “Christmas won’t be Christmas without any presents,” grumbled Jo, lying on the rug. “It’s so dreadful to be poor!” sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress. “I don’t think it’s fair for some girls to have plenty of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all,” added little Amy, with an injured sniff. “We’ve got Father and Mother and each other,” said Beth contentedly from her corner. It was a good thing I’d already decided on some other books to take home, because I didn’t look through the rest of the section that day. I read and read and read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I would not put it down until the end. Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of (在……之后) Alcott’s story. It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. It seemed to me a shame that she wasn’t Black; then our similarity would be complete. She loved to read, she loved to make up plays, she hated acting ladylike, and she had a dreadful temper. I had found a kindred (亲属关系) spirit. 36. What can be learned about the author’s father according to Paragraph One? A. He was uncomfortable discussing politics with his children. B. He had strong feelings about the Civil Rights movement. C. He did not approve of most news covered on TV. D. He generally had a pessimistic world view. 37. It can be inferred from Paragraph Two that the author is most likely to agree ______. A. books seem duller when read in libraries than when read at home B. interesting books are often very dull in their first few paragraphs C. novels are usually more interesting than nonfiction works D. book titles can sometimes be misleading 38. The author quotes some lines from Little Women in an attempt to ______. A. show how the book immediately captured her B. describe a young reader’s sense of history C. illustrate the suddenness of a decision D. explain a child’s misunderstanding 39. The author lists several things about Jo mainly to ______. A. challenge an interpretation B. highlight some differences C. stress their similarities D. develop a disapproving opinion B Getting around in Bolivia How you choose to travel in Bolivia largely depends on how much time and money you have — the more money, the less time you need to spend travelling! Air Lloyd Aereo Boliviano (LAB) has frequent flights between many large cities within the country. A LABPass allows you four flights between the main cities. You can also fly AeroSur, which has a better service but higher prices. The main air terminal is La Paz El Alto airport. You can get a bus or taxi into the centre of La Paz. A taxi will cost about $6-10, but the bus is only about $0. 5. Bus Flotas, the long distance buses, are generally newer, in better condition, and travel the main roads. Reserve a ticket in advance, and plan to travel by night on the very long routes so that you can sleep. Smaller buses are called buses and travel the secondary routes. The smallest buses are called micros, and they do the local routes. If you want to travel very cheaply, you can catch a ride on a lorry (camión), but be prepared for a slow and uncomfortable trip. Some lorries have scheduled departures and will accept reservations, but you can also wait for one at police checkpoints outside some towns. Tips! For smaller buses and lorries, dress warmly. The high altitude (海拔) means that the temperature can drop dramatically at night. Train The best train is the ferrobus. It is not always available, but it is fast, usually reliable, and comfortable. You can buy tickets up to a week in advance. Next, the express train, known as tren expreso. These have first- and second-class seats, and a dining car. The third option is the tren rapido (the fast train), which isn’t fast at all as it stops at every station. The fourth train is the tren mixto(the mixed train), which carries passengers and cargo. Because it is so cheap, many of the poorest travellers use this to transport themselves, their luggage and their animals. 40. The passage is mainly intended to ________ . A. emphasize some famous places in Bolivia B. introduce the means of transport in Bolivia C. highlight how convenient it is to travel in Bolivia D. suggest economical ways of getting around in Bolivia 41. For ________ , a passenger can buy tickets in advance. A. the flota and tren mixto B. the bus and tren rapido C. the micro and tren expreso D. the lorry and ferrobus 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. With a LABPass, a passenger can take four flights of both airliners. B. The tren rapido is actually not a fast train because of its too many stops. C. Lorries are a better choice for those who want to move about fast and cheaply. D. On the tren expreso, a passenger may find animals that travel with their masters. C The Quiet Disappearance of the World’s Dialects Every two weeks, the last speaker of a language dies, taking with them a unique way of understanding the world. While global attention often focuses on the extinction of plant and animal species, the parallel loss of linguistic diversity receives comparatively little notice. Yet by UNESCO’s count, more than 40% of the world’s approximately 7,000 languages are currently at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages. A farmer who moves from a village in Yunnan province to Kunming, for example, may switch from speaking a local Yi dialect to standard Mandarin within a single generation. Their children, born in the city, may never learn the ancestral language at all. The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific. Each language encodes specialized knowledge about local ecosystems, medicinal plants, and sustainable resource management that has been accumulated over thousands of years. When the last speaker of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia dies, for instance, centuries of knowledge about Andean medicinal plants — knowledge used by healer-priests for generations — will vanish with them. However, some communities are fighting back with remarkable creativity. In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today. Digital technology is also playing a role: smartphone apps now allow speakers of endangered languages to record vocabulary and grammar, creating living digital archives that can be passed to future generations. Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.” 43. According to the passage, what is the main cause of dialect disappearance? A. The rise of digital communication and social media. B. Urbanization and migration to cities. C. Government policies that ban regional languages. D. The natural evolution of all human languages over time. 44. Why does the author mention the Kallawaya language in paragraph 3? A. To illustrate that language loss also means the loss of specialized cultural knowledge. B. To argue that Bolivia has the highest rate of language extinction. C. To demonstrate that ancient languages are more complex than modern ones. D. To suggest that only South American languages are truly endangered. 45. What can be inferred about the Maori and Hawaiian language revitalization efforts? A. They have been largely unsuccessful despite significant funding. B. They rely primarily on government legislation rather than community action. C. They demonstrate that language loss can be reversed with sustained effort. D. They prove that digital technology is the only effective preservation method. 46. What is Dr. Harrison’s attitude toward the future of endangered languages? A. Deeply pessimistic and resigned to widespread language loss. B. Cautiously hopeful if communities and society invest in preservation. C. Completely confident that all endangered languages can be saved. D. Indifferent, viewing language loss as a natural historical process. Section C（共8分，每题2分） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why You Won’t Apologize In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to. The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know — sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts. ____47____ An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we’ve done to a relationship. To do this, we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim’s position and to show empathy (共情) for the pain we have caused the victim. People normally believe that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person. ____48____ When our friend points out that we’ve offended them, it’s easy to recall plenty of instances when they’d also hurt our feelings — so what are they getting so upset about? We all want to believe we’re essentially good people. Accepting the fact that we’ve hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things. ____49____ Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. ____50____ There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. Your sincere apology doesn’t mean the victim ought to forgive you right away. It may still take time, but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started. A. Apologizing publicly is far more difficult than apologizing privately. B. But all too often, we stubbornly refuse to apologize, even when we know we’re wrong. C. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable. D. But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. E. Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology. F. Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. Ⅴ. Verb filling（共10分，每题1分） 51. I, who __________ (be) your best friend, will try my best to help you pull through. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. Since 2020, many young people ________ (start) to pay more attention to traditional culture and spread it on social media. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. She is the only one of the students who __________ (win) the scholarship this term.(所给词的适当形式填空) 54. He __________ (work) in that company for three years, but eventually, he quit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55. The handmade tea which local farmers produce __________ (sell) well among visitors. (所给词的适当形式填空) 56. By the time you come back, the gardeners __________ (plant) all the flowers that were ordered last month.(所给词的适当形式填空) 57. Seventy-two percent of Japanese people believe plastic bags should be completely banned in supermarkets, and 56 percent __________ (support) extending this ban to convenience stores.(所给词的适当形式填空) 58. — Look! Someone __________ (repair) the laptop. — Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. — How long do you think it __________ (be) before Tony arrives? — No less than 20 minutes.(所给词的适当形式填空) 60. This time last week, I __________ (sit) in a café with my best friend, talking about our plans for the summer holiday.(所给词的适当形式填空) Ⅵ. Translation（共10分，3+3+4） 61. 这款新手机以强大的摄像头为特色，即使在夜晚也能拍出清晰的照片。（feature）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________ 62. 这些产品被标注为“环境友好的”，以表明它们的碳足迹很小。（label）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________ 63. 尽管人工智能对一些工作有负面影响，但它也创造了许多新机会，所以从长远来看它将造福社会。（Despite）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 华东师范大学附属东昌中学 2026学年度第一学期高一期中英语试卷 （总分110分 时间90分钟） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（共25分） （1-10题每题1分：11-21题每题1.5分） Section A Short conversations Directions: In Section A, you’ll hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. He once thought about it. B. He thinks the weather is great. C. The school has never had to close for any reason. D. The weather caused the school to close on one occasion. 2. A. Her watch is broken. B. She will watch the movie later. C. Her television set isn’t working. D. She will watch TV while eating. 3. A. Bob has a new car and an old car. B. Bob doesn’t know much about cars. C. Bob isn’t ready to buy a new car yet. D. Bob’s old car is still in good condition. 4. A. The quiz will be very short. B. He’ll give the quiz at a later time. C. The quiz won’t be ready until Thursday. D. He’ll score the quiz quickly. 5. A. How long the man’s phone can work after the battery is charged up. B. How durable the man’s phone battery is after several charges. C. How durable the man’s phone is if the battery is dead. D. How long it takes to charge the man’s phone battery. 6. A. Make another appointment with her doctor. B. Take the medicine as she was directed to. C. Rest her back for a few days. D. Stop taking the medicine. 7. A. She would like to go to the game with the man. B. She doesn’t like watching basketball. C. She’ll sell the man her ticket. D. She doesn’t have a TV set. 8. A. She prefers the door to be open to have some breeze in. B. She doesn’t want her talk with Mr. Smith to be heard. C. She doesn’t mind whether the door is closed or not. D. She will talk about her privacy with Mrs. Smith. 9. A. Tom’s boss has a twin brother. B. The person in black is Tom’s boss. C. Tom didn’t know where his boss was. D. The person in black looks like Tom’s boss. 10. A. Not many people know the piece of music. B. He doesn’t know the music well enough. C. He hasn’t been playing the piano long. D. People often ask him to play the music. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A recipe for a soft drink. B. The medicinal effects of cola. C. The history of cola. D. Soft-drink production. 12. A. He developed cola. B. He sold cola to doctors. C. He was a drugstore clerk. D. He suffered from severe headaches. 13. A. By heating it. B. By adding soda water (苏打水). C. By mixing it with special oils. D. By combining it with different flavors. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Old seven wonders of the world. B. An international vote. C. An adventurer and filmmaker. D. The Great Pyramid of Giza. 15. A. Architects. B. Bernard Weber. C. Common people. D. The United Nations. 16. A. The Internet. B. The Statue of Liberty. C. Petra in Jordan. D. The Colosseum. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She’ll ride with Jack’s roommate. B. She’ll drive her own car. C. She’ll take a train. D. She’ll fly. 18. A. At a camp. B. On a train. C. At Jack’s party. D. In a music center. 19. A. They both know Jack. B. They both enjoy camping. C. They both live in New York. D. They are both interested in music. 20. A. Meet Jack. B. Attend a concert. C. Collect her train ticket. D. Have dinner with Laura. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分，每题1分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fighting over household chores and responsibilities is one of the most common arguments in any marriage or relationship. One couple has a unique way to settle those arguments — cold hard cash. Daniel Reeves and Bethany Soule are a happily ____1____ (marry) couple with two children. They believe their happiness doesn’t come from fighting about chores, but instead ____2____ (pay) each other to shoulder the responsibilities they don’t want to do themselves. Bethany might pay Daniel $20 to put the kids to bed one night. And Daniel might receive money from Bethany to walk the dog when it’s raining outside the next day. These numbers aren’t just random, though. ____3____ a task needs completing, they both will write down the number (in dollars) they’d be willing to perform the task for on a piece of paper. They then show each other the number. The one with the ____4____ (low) number is then paid by the other to complete the task. The things this couple will do for cash don’t stop at just household chores, though. Daniel paid Bethany $30,000 to have each of their two children. They also used this system to decide how ____5____ (name) their children. The person who chose the name had to pay for the privilege. ____6____ the fact that many couples can’t imagine using such a system, Daniel and Bethany say it works great. For the couple, cash, something ____7____ is a little more practical, seems to work well for them. It keeps them from being at each other’s throats, and things get done around the house. Some people believe that marriage is difficult enough without trivializing (贬低) everything with a dollar amount while ____8____ hold that this cash system is just a fair and practical way to divide housework. Unsurprisingly, this unconventional couple also co-founded an unconventional business that helps people commit to goals through staking money with their online goal-tracking app. ____9____ your goal is losing weight or learning English, they believe the key to success is money. Their business ____10____ (call) Bee-minder because they give you goal reminders but with a sting (蛰) if you fail. Bethany explains it simply, “You should make a promise for the money to stay on track towards your goals, and if you go off track, we take your money.” 【答案】1. married 2. paying 3. When 4. lower 5. to name 6. Despite 7. that 8. others 9. Whether 10. is called 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了Daniel Reeves和Bethany Soule夫妇通过金钱交易分配家务责任的独特方式，以及他们共同创立的通过金钱激励帮助人们实现目标的在线应用。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Daniel Reeves和Bethany Soule是一对幸福的已婚夫妇，有两个孩子。名词couple前需用形容词修饰，marry的形容词形式为married，意为“已婚的”。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们相信他们的幸福不是来自为家务争吵，而是来自互相付钱让对方承担自己不想做的责任。本句为not from... but (from)...的并列结构，承前省略介词from，设空处与fighting about chores并列作from的宾语，需用动名词形式paying。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：当一项任务需要完成时，他们都会在纸上写下愿意为完成该任务而接受的金额（以美元计）。根据语境可知，此处表示“当……时”，应用When引导时间状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。 【4题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：数字较低的一方由另一方付钱来完成任务。根据语境及the one with…可知，此处表示两者中“较低的”，应用比较级lower。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还用这个系统来决定如何给孩子取名。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作decide的宾语，应用to name。 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管许多夫妇无法想象使用这样的系统，但Daniel和Bethany说它效果很好。根据语境可知，此处表示“尽管”，且空格后为名词短语the fact，应用介词Despite，句首单词首字母需大写。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：对这对夫妇来说，现金——某种更实际的东西——似乎对他们很有效。此处为定语从句，先行词为something，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意：有些人认为婚姻已经足够困难，不应该用金钱数额来贬低一切，而另一些人则认为这种现金系统只是分配家务的公平而实际的方式。根据前文Some people可知，此处表示“另一些人”，应用others，与some形成对比。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：无论你的目标是减肥还是学英语，他们相信成功的关键是金钱。whether…or…为固定搭配，意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。 【10题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他们的公司被称为Bee‑minder，因为他们会给你目标提醒，但如果你失败了就会受到“蛰刺”。此处描述一般情况，应用一般现在时；business与call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为单数，应用is called。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. age B. concerned C. canceled D. appointed E. witnessed F. attack G. address H. attach I. rock J. estate K. affection Queen Elizabeth II, the UK’s longest-serving monarch, has died at Balmoral aged 96, after reigning for 70 years. She died peacefully on Thursday afternoon at her Scottish ____11____, where she had spent much of the summer. The Queen came to the throne (登基) in 1952 and ____12____ enormous social change. Her son King Charles Ⅲ said the death of his beloved mother was a “moment of great sadness” for him and his family and that her loss would be “deeply felt” around the world. During the coming period of mourning, he said he and his family would be “comforted and sustained by our knowledge of the respect and deep ____13____ that people widely had for the Queen”. The King and his wife, Camilla, now Queen Consort, will return to London on Friday, Buckingham Palace said. He is expected to ____14____ the nation on TV this Friday. Senior royals had gathered at Balmoral after the Queen’s doctors became ____15____ about her health earlier in the day. All the Queen’s children travelled to Balmoral after doctors placed the Queen under medical supervision (在医护人员监护下). Her grandson and now heir to the throne, Prince William, and his brother, Prince Harry, also gathered there. Prime Minister Liz Truss, who was ____16____ by the Queen on Tuesday, said the monarch (女王) was the ____17____ on which modern Britain was built, who had “provided us with the stability and strength that we needed”. Speaking about the new King, she said: “We offer him our loyalty and devotion, just as his mother devoted so much, to so many, for so long. “And with the passing of the second Elizabethan ____18____, we enter a new era in the magnificent history of our great country, exactly as Her Majesty would have wished, by saying the words ‘God save the King’.” The Royal Family has now entered a period of mourning. In the coming days, much of national life will be delayed. Official engagements will be _____19_____ and union flags will be flown at half-mast (降半旗) on royal residences, government buildings, across the Armed Forces and on UK posts overseas. Members of Parliament will pay tribute to the Queen and take an oath to King Charles. A state funeral for the Queen is expected in the next two weeks. Foreign leaders have paid tribute to the Queen, with US President Joe Biden recalling how she stood firmly with the US in their “darkest days” after the 9/11 terrorist _____20_____. To France’s president, Emmanuel Macron, she was a “kind-hearted Queen” and “friend of France”. 【答案】11. J 12. E 13. K 14. G 15. B 16. D 17. I 18. A 19. C 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述英国女王伊丽莎白二世逝世，回顾她的一生以及各界对此表达的哀悼与敬意。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：她于周四下午在苏格兰庄园平静离世，夏日里她常在那里度过。空处在句中作介词宾语，根据原文“she had spent much of the summer (她在那里度过大部分夏日)”可知，此处表示“庄园”，用estate。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：女王于1952年登基，见证了巨大的社会变革。空处在句中和came 并列作谓语，根据原文“enormous social change (巨大的社会变革)”可知，此处表示“见证”，用witnessed。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说，在即将到来的哀悼期间，他和家人将会“因知晓人们普遍对女王怀有敬意以及深厚的情感而得到安慰与支撑”。空处在句中和 respect 并列作名词宾语，根据原文“the respect and deep (敬意与深厚的)”可知，此处表示“喜爱”，用affection。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：预计本周五，他将在电视上向全国发表讲话。空处在不定式结构中作动词原形，根据原文“the nation on TV (在电视上面向全国)”可知，此处表示“向……讲话”，用address。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当天早些时候，女王的医生开始担忧她的健康状况之后，高级王室成员齐聚巴尔莫勒尔堡。空处在句中作表语，根据原文“about her health (关于她的健康)”可知，此处表示“担忧的”，用concerned。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：周二获女王任命的首相莉兹・特拉斯表示，这位君主是构筑现代英国的基石，她 “给予了我们所需要的稳定与力量”。空处在定语从句中构成被动语态，作谓语，根据原文“by the Queen on Tuesday (在周二由女王)”可知，此处表示“任命”，用appointed。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：周二获女王任命的首相莉兹・特拉斯表示，这位君主是构筑现代英国的基石，她 “给予了我们所需要的稳定与力量”。空处在句中作表语，根据原文“on which modern Britain was built (现代英国建立于其上)”可知，此处表示“基石”，用rock。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着第二个伊丽莎白时代落幕，我们伟大国家波澜壮阔的历史开启了一个新时代；正如女王陛下所期望的那样，我们高呼“天佑吾王”。空处在句中作介词宾语，根据原文“we enter a new era (我们开启一个新时代)”可知，此处表示“时代”，用age。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：官方活动将取消，王室宅邸、政府大楼、各武装部队以及英国海外驻地都将降下米字旗，降半旗致哀。空处在被动语态中作谓语，根据原文“much of national life will be delayed (很多国内活动将会推迟)”可知，此处表示“取消”，用canceled。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：各国领导人向女王致以悼念，美国总统乔・拜登回忆起在九一一恐怖袭击之后，她是如何在美国“最黑暗的日子”里坚定地和美国站在一起。空处在句中作介词宾语，根据原文“after the 9/11 terrorist (在 9·11 恐怖……之后)”可知，此处表示“袭击”，用attack。 Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension（共45分，41-55题每题1分；56-70题每题2分） Section A（共15分，每题1分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. There is little doubt that it is essential for students to have a good lunch. When____21____ ideas from friends, I discover that one of them has such horrible memories of her childhood school dinners and another____22____ that school dinners are the best choice from a health perspective. What I would like to see is a bit of European savoir faire (社交能力) when it comes to school lunch____23____ . In France and Italy, pupils and teachers sit down ____24____ for a three-course meal of fresh, seasonal food. In Japan, manners are emphasized as pupils____25____ the midday meal of rice, soup, fish and milk to their peers and teachers alike. American school meals keep to stricter nutritional guidelines than in the past. ____26____ the youngest children start to eat in the canteen, dinner ladies watch over them to____27____ they eat some vegetables. At secondary schools the temptation is to ____28____ the cafeteria completely and buy often less-healthy food elsewhere, though there are inspiring reports of some secondary schools____29____ meals that pupils really want to eat. What about the packed lunch? When I was a middle school student, one day, I carried my new pink Barbie lunch box into school, but I couldn’t ____30____ what was inside, probably because it was exactly the same as everyone else’s lunch. The recollection of a friend is that his Spanish mother____31____ him long rolls filled with ham she’d imported from her native Catalonia (加泰罗尼亚, 西班牙地名), rice and garbanzos (鹰嘴豆), and other very un-English delicacies. He says having to open that box with all its accompanying smells____32____ him for his whole life. Cost is important to people in the lowest income group when considering lunch. Time pressures also appear to be a deciding ____33____ on whether to pack or buy. Many people I spoke to said that they ____34____ school lunches because they had enough to do in the morning without packing a lunch box. ____35____ , I prefer a hot meal and admit sometimes finding the morning lunch-packing too much trouble. What do you eat for lunch at school and why? 21. A. collecting B. responding C. illustrating D. recommending 22. A. doubts B. holds C. resists D. promises 23. A. freedom B. instruction C. solution D. culture 24. A. straight B. together C. forever D. alone 25. A. buy B. eat C. serve D. prepare 26. A. Unless B. In case C. Once D. Now that 27. A. check in B. refer to C. search for D. make sure 28. A. leave B. avoid C. favour D. support 29. A. affecting B. involving C. offering D. appreciating 30. A. remember B. honour C. expect D. consider 31. A. combined B. afforded C. helped D. packed 32. A. ruined B. adapted C. scared D. qualified 33. A. desire B. factor C. complaint D. requirement 34. A. disliked B. commented C. chose D. affected 35. A. Personally B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Fortunately 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文介绍了其他国家的午餐文化。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我从朋友那里收集意见时，我发现其中一个对她童年时的学校晚餐有着如此可怕的记忆，另一个人认为从健康的角度来看，学校晚餐是最好的选择。A. collecting收集；B. responding回应；C. illustrating解释；D. recommending推荐。根据空后宾语“ideas from friends”以及主句动词“discover”可知，收集意见，发现了一些情况。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我从朋友那里收集意见时，我发现其中一个对她童年时的学校晚餐有着如此可怕的记忆，另一个人认为从健康的角度来看，学校晚餐是最好的选择。A. doubts怀疑；B. holds认为；C. resists抵抗；D. promises承诺。根据本句“When　1　ideas from friends”可知，我在收集意见，所以有人持有某中观点。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望看到的是，在学校午餐文化方面，能有一点欧洲人的聪明才智。A. freedom自由；B. instruction指令；C. solution解决；D. culture文化。根据下文列举的法国，意大利，日本，美国等的学校的饮食可知，介绍的学校的午餐文化。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在法国和意大利，学生和老师坐在一起，享用三道菜的新鲜时令食物。A. straight直接地；B. together一起；C. forever永远；D. alone独自。根据本句“pupils and teachers sit down”可知，学生和老师坐在一起。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在日本，学生们向同学和老师提供午餐，包括米饭、汤、鱼和牛奶，这是一种强调礼仪的做法。A. buy买；B. eat吃；C. serve服务，端上；D. prepare准备。根据空后的饭菜“the midday meal of rice, soup, fish and milk”可知，应是端上（提供）饭菜。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：一旦最小的孩子们开始在食堂吃饭，负责就餐的女士就会看着他们，确保他们吃一些蔬菜。A. Unless除非；B. In case以防；C. Once一旦；D. Now that既然。根据本句“dinner ladies watch over them”可知，学生开始吃饭，负责晚饭的女士就会看着他们，为时间状语从句。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦最小的孩子们开始在食堂吃饭，负责就餐的女士就会看着他们，确保他们吃一些蔬菜。A. check in核对入住；B. refer to参考；C. search for搜寻；D. make sure确保。根据本句“dinner ladies watch over them”可知，负责晚饭的女士看着他们，是为了确保他们吃一些蔬菜。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中学，诱惑是完全避免去自助餐厅，而去其他地方购买通常不太健康的食物，尽管有令人鼓舞的报道称，一些中学提供的饭菜是学生们真正想吃的。A. leave离开；B. avoid避免；C. favour赞成；D. support支持。根据本句“buy often less-healthy food elsewhere”可知，学生去其他地方购买通常不太健康的食物，所以是完全避免去自助餐厅。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中学，诱惑是完全不去自助餐厅，而去其他地方购买通常不太健康的食物，尽管有令人鼓舞的报道称，一些中学提供的饭菜是学生们真正想吃的。A. affecting影响；B. involving包括；C. offering提供；D. appreciating欣赏。根据主语“some secondary schools”以及宾语“meals”可知，应是一些中学提供的饭菜。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我还是一名中学生的时候，有一天，我带着我的新粉红色芭比午餐盒进了学校，但我不记得里面是什么，可能是因为它和其他人的午餐完全一样。A. remember记得；B. honour尊敬；C. expect期待；D. consider考虑。根据本句“because it was exactly the same as everyone else’s lunch”可知，因为它和其他人的午餐完全一样，所以不记得。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个朋友的回忆是，他的西班牙母亲给他包了长长的面包卷，里面夹着她从家乡加泰罗尼亚进口的火腿、大米饭和鹰嘴豆，以及其他非常不像英国的美食。A. combined结合；B. afforded付得起；C. helped帮助；D. packed打包。根据本句“long rolls filled with ham, rice and garbanzos (鹰嘴豆), and other very un-English delicacies”可知，他的西班牙母亲给他打包饭菜。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，打开那个带着各种气味的盒子让他害怕了一辈子。A. ruined毁坏；B. adapted适应；C. scared使害怕；D. qualified使合格。根据本句“very un-English delicacies”以及前文“one of them has such horrible memories of her childhood school dinners”可知，此为同义词复现。妈妈给他打包的是非常不像英国的美食，这给他带来了可怕的记忆。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：时间压力似乎也是决定是打包还是购买的一个因素。A. desire欲望；B. factor因素；C. complaint抱怨；D. requirement要求。根据前文“Cost is important to people in the lowest income group when considering lunch.”本句“Time pressures”可知，我在分析影响打包还是购买的因素：成本以及时间压力。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与我交谈过的许多人说，他们选择学校午餐是因为他们早上有足够的事情要做，而不用打包午餐盒。A. disliked不喜欢；B. commented评价；C. chose选择；D. affected影响。根据本句“because they had enough to do in the morning”可知，为了早上有足够的事情要做，他们选择学校午餐。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：就我个人而言，我更喜欢热饭，并承认有时早上打包午餐太麻烦了。A. Personally就个人而言；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover而且；D. Fortunately幸运的是。根据本句“I prefer a hot meal and admit sometimes finding the morning lunch-packing too much trouble”可知，我在表明个人观点。故选A。 Section B（共22分，每题2分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A We went to the T. B. Blackstone Library, not far from Lake Michigan. You could easily miss the building if you didn’t know what you were looking for. But once you were inside, you could never mistake it for anything else. We passed through two sets of heavy brass doors to the lobby (大堂) of the library. And if we turned right then, we could see an alcove (壁龛) with tables; this led, in turn, to a big reading room with a gigantic and ancient globe that sat in front of the largest windows. I liked to look at Africa, with the coded colors of the different countries like the Belgian Congo and Rhodesia, and try to remember which countries were fighting to be free just as we were struggling for civil rights. I had heard Daddy talking about the struggle, arguing with the television as someone discussed it on a news show. One Saturday, as I wandered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott. I could tell from looking at the shelf that she’d written a lot of books, but I didn’t know anything about her. I had learned from experience that titles weren’t everything. A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home, and every bad book I brought home meant one less book to read until we went back in two weeks. So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs: “Christmas won’t be Christmas without any presents,” grumbled Jo, lying on the rug. “It’s so dreadful to be poor!” sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress. “I don’t think it’s fair for some girls to have plenty of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all,” added little Amy, with an injured sniff. “We’ve got Father and Mother and each other,” said Beth contentedly from her corner. It was a good thing I’d already decided on some other books to take home, because I didn’t look through the rest of the section that day. I read and read and read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I would not put it down until the end. Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of (在……之后) Alcott’s story. It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. It seemed to me a shame that she wasn’t Black; then our similarity would be complete. She loved to read, she loved to make up plays, she hated acting ladylike, and she had a dreadful temper. I had found a kindred (亲属关系) spirit. 36. What can be learned about the author’s father according to Paragraph One? A. He was uncomfortable discussing politics with his children. B. He had strong feelings about the Civil Rights movement. C. He did not approve of most news covered on TV. D. He generally had a pessimistic world view. 37. It can be inferred from Paragraph Two that the author is most likely to agree ______. A. books seem duller when read in libraries than when read at home B. interesting books are often very dull in their first few paragraphs C. novels are usually more interesting than nonfiction works D. book titles can sometimes be misleading 38. The author quotes some lines from Little Women in an attempt to ______. A. show how the book immediately captured her B. describe a young reader’s sense of history C. illustrate the suddenness of a decision D. explain a child’s misunderstanding 39. The author lists several things about Jo mainly to ______. A. challenge an interpretation B. highlight some differences C. stress their similarities D. develop a disapproving opinion 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述作者在图书馆偶遇《小妇人》，被书中角色乔深深吸引的一段阅读经历。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I had heard Daddy talking about the struggle, arguing with the television as someone discussed it on a news show.(我曾听见爸爸谈论这场斗争，当有人在新闻节目中讨论它时，他对着电视争辩。)”可知，作者的父亲对民权运动十分关注，有着强烈的看法。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I had learned from experience that titles weren’t everything. A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home, and every bad book I brought home meant one less book to read until we went back in two weeks. (我从经验中得知书名并不代表一切。一本摆在书架上听上去很不错的书，带回家后读起来可能枯燥乏味；而我每带回一本糟糕的书，就意味着在两周后再次来这里之前，少了一本可以读的书。)”可知，作者认为书名有时会误导读者，不能仅凭书名判断一本书好坏。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs(于是我坐在书架旁的椅子上浏览开头几段)”以及后文作者一直读到该回家的内容可知，作者引用书中对话，是为了展现这本书一下子就吸引住了自己。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She loved to read, she loved to make up plays, she hated acting ladylike, and she had a dreadful temper. I had found a kindred (亲属关系) spirit.(她喜爱阅读，喜爱编写剧本，讨厌表现得淑女，脾气很坏。我找到了志趣相投的人。)”可知，作者列出乔的诸多特点，意在强调自己和乔之间的相似之处。 B Getting around in Bolivia How you choose to travel in Bolivia largely depends on how much time and money you have — the more money, the less time you need to spend travelling! Air Lloyd Aereo Boliviano (LAB) has frequent flights between many large cities within the country. A LABPass allows you four flights between the main cities. You can also fly AeroSur, which has a better service but higher prices. The main air terminal is La Paz El Alto airport. You can get a bus or taxi into the centre of La Paz. A taxi will cost about $6-10, but the bus is only about $0. 5. Bus Flotas, the long distance buses, are generally newer, in better condition, and travel the main roads. Reserve a ticket in advance, and plan to travel by night on the very long routes so that you can sleep. Smaller buses are called buses and travel the secondary routes. The smallest buses are called micros, and they do the local routes. If you want to travel very cheaply, you can catch a ride on a lorry (camión), but be prepared for a slow and uncomfortable trip. Some lorries have scheduled departures and will accept reservations, but you can also wait for one at police checkpoints outside some towns. Tips! For smaller buses and lorries, dress warmly. The high altitude (海拔) means that the temperature can drop dramatically at night. Train The best train is the ferrobus. It is not always available, but it is fast, usually reliable, and comfortable. You can buy tickets up to a week in advance. Next, the express train, known as tren expreso. These have first- and second-class seats, and a dining car. The third option is the tren rapido (the fast train), which isn’t fast at all as it stops at every station. The fourth train is the tren mixto(the mixed train), which carries passengers and cargo. Because it is so cheap, many of the poorest travellers use this to transport themselves, their luggage and their animals. 40. The passage is mainly intended to ________ . A. emphasize some famous places in Bolivia B. introduce the means of transport in Bolivia C. highlight how convenient it is to travel in Bolivia D. suggest economical ways of getting around in Bolivia 41. For ________ , a passenger can buy tickets in advance. A. the flota and tren mixto B. the bus and tren rapido C. the micro and tren expreso D. the lorry and ferrobus 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. With a LABPass, a passenger can take four flights of both airliners. B. The tren rapido is actually not a fast train because of its too many stops. C. Lorries are a better choice for those who want to move about fast and cheaply. D. On the tren expreso, a passenger may find animals that travel with their masters. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了在玻利维亚旅行时，根据你的时间和金钱，可选择的交通方式。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段“Getting around in Bolivia How you choose to travel in Bolivia largely depends on how much time and money you have — the more money, the less time you need to spend travelling! (在玻利维亚，你选择怎样的旅行方式很大程度上取决于你有多少时间和金钱——钱越多，你花在旅行上的时间就越少！)”可知，这篇文章主要是介绍在玻利维亚旅行时，根据你的时间和金钱，可选择的交通方式。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Bus部分的第三段末句“Some lorries have scheduled departures and will accept reservations, but you can also wait for one at police checkpoints outside some towns. (一些卡车已经安排好出发时间，可以接受预订，但你也可以在一些城镇外的警察检查站等一辆。)”以及Train部分的前三句“The best train is the ferrobus. It is not always available, but it is fast, usually reliable, and comfortable. You can buy tickets up to a week in advance. (最好的火车是ferrobus。它并不总是可用的，但它是快速的，通常是可靠的，舒适的。你可以提前一周买票。)”可知，乘客可以提前购票的是卡车和ferrobus。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据末段倒数第三句“The third option is the tren rapido (the fast train), which isn’t fast at all as it stops at every station. (第三种选择是快速列车(tren rapido)，它一点也不快，因为它在每个站都停。)”可知，tren rapido一点也不快因为它在每个站都停。故选B。 C The Quiet Disappearance of the World’s Dialects Every two weeks, the last speaker of a language dies, taking with them a unique way of understanding the world. While global attention often focuses on the extinction of plant and animal species, the parallel loss of linguistic diversity receives comparatively little notice. Yet by UNESCO’s count, more than 40% of the world’s approximately 7,000 languages are currently at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages. A farmer who moves from a village in Yunnan province to Kunming, for example, may switch from speaking a local Yi dialect to standard Mandarin within a single generation. Their children, born in the city, may never learn the ancestral language at all. The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific. Each language encodes specialized knowledge about local ecosystems, medicinal plants, and sustainable resource management that has been accumulated over thousands of years. When the last speaker of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia dies, for instance, centuries of knowledge about Andean medicinal plants — knowledge used by healer-priests for generations — will vanish with them. However, some communities are fighting back with remarkable creativity. In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today. Digital technology is also playing a role: smartphone apps now allow speakers of endangered languages to record vocabulary and grammar, creating living digital archives that can be passed to future generations. Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.” 43. According to the passage, what is the main cause of dialect disappearance? A. The rise of digital communication and social media. B. Urbanization and migration to cities. C. Government policies that ban regional languages. D. The natural evolution of all human languages over time. 44. Why does the author mention the Kallawaya language in paragraph 3? A. To illustrate that language loss also means the loss of specialized cultural knowledge. B. To argue that Bolivia has the highest rate of language extinction. C. To demonstrate that ancient languages are more complex than modern ones. D. To suggest that only South American languages are truly endangered. 45. What can be inferred about the Maori and Hawaiian language revitalization efforts? A. They have been largely unsuccessful despite significant funding. B. They rely primarily on government legislation rather than community action. C. They demonstrate that language loss can be reversed with sustained effort. D. They prove that digital technology is the only effective preservation method. 46. What is Dr. Harrison’s attitude toward the future of endangered languages? A. Deeply pessimistic and resigned to widespread language loss. B. Cautiously hopeful if communities and society invest in preservation. C. Completely confident that all endangered languages can be saved. D. Indifferent, viewing language loss as a natural historical process. 【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了城市化导致大量方言濒危，语言消亡会丢失生态医药等古老知识。多地通过沉浸式教学、数字存档复兴语言，语言学家认为投入保护就能扭转消亡趋势。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages.(这种语言消亡的主要原因是城市化。随着农村人口为寻求经济机会而迁往城市，他们往往放弃地方方言，转而使用占主导地位的城市语言)”可知，方言消失的主要原因是城市化和向城市迁移。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific.(损失不仅体现在语言上，更在于文化和科学层面)”可知，作者在第三段中提到卡拉瓦亚语为了说明语言的消亡也意味着专门文化知识的丧失。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today.(在新西兰，毛利语曾一度面临消失的危机，但通过建立“语言巢”（即由长者专门用毛利语与儿童交流的学前机构）等全面复兴措施，该语言已从濒临绝灭的边缘重新回归。在夏威夷，类似的沉浸式教育项目使流利掌握夏威夷语的人数从20世纪80年代的不足50人，增长到如今的超过1.8万人)”可知，毛利语和夏威夷语的复兴努力表明，通过持续的努力，语言流失是可以逆转的。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.”(语言学家K. 大卫·哈里森博士数十年来一直致力于记录濒危语言，他仍然持谨慎乐观的态度。“语言的消亡并非不可避免，”他指出，“我们已经看到，当一个社区意识到自己的语言重要，并获得资源来保护它时，逆转是可能的。问题在于，作为全球社会，我们是否足够重视语言多样性，从而投入资金去保障其存续。”)”可知，倘若社区与社会各界投入资源开展保护工作，前景尚可谨慎乐观。 Section C（共8分，每题2分） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why You Won’t Apologize In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to. The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know — sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts. ____47____ An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we’ve done to a relationship. To do this, we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim’s position and to show empathy (共情) for the pain we have caused the victim. People normally believe that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person. ____48____ When our friend points out that we’ve offended them, it’s easy to recall plenty of instances when they’d also hurt our feelings — so what are they getting so upset about? We all want to believe we’re essentially good people. Accepting the fact that we’ve hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things. ____49____ Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. ____50____ There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. Your sincere apology doesn’t mean the victim ought to forgive you right away. It may still take time, but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started. A. Apologizing publicly is far more difficult than apologizing privately. B. But all too often, we stubbornly refuse to apologize, even when we know we’re wrong. C. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable. D. But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. E. Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology. F. Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要分析人们即便明知有错却不愿道歉的各类原因，引导读者认识道歉对修复关系的意义。 【47题详解】 根据空前的“Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know — sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts.(研究表明，高社交智力人群早已明白——真诚的道歉通常能够很好地修复因轻率行为受损的人际关系。)”可知，前文点明真诚道歉对修复关系十分有效，空格处语意转折，引出下文讨论人们不肯道歉这一现象。B选项“But all too often, we stubbornly refuse to apologize, even when we know we’re wrong.(但很多时候，即便明知自己有错，我们还是固执地拒绝道歉)”承接上文，自然转入文章核心话题。 【48题详解】 根据空前的“People normally believe that people with the personality of narcissism generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person.(人们通常认为，自恋的人在伤害他人之后，一般会觉得没有道歉的必要。)”可知，前文介绍大众对自恋人群的固有看法，后文开始讲述普通人被指出冒犯他人时的心理，空格处过渡，指出普通人想要心生愧疚同样很难。D选项“But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended.(但就算对于大多数普通人来说，要为被冒犯的人感到愧疚也极其困难)”完成由自恋人群向普通人的过渡，衔接顺畅。 【49题详解】 根据空前的“In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things.(当然在现实当中，就算是好人，有时候也会做出不好的事。)”可知，前文提出好人也会犯错这一客观事实，空格处说明接纳这个事实带来的积极作用。E选项“Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology.(理解并且接受这一生活实情，能够帮助我们放下心结，进而做出有效的道歉)”中this fact指代好人也会犯错，呼应前文。 【50题详解】 根据空前的“Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good.(有时候人们不肯道歉，是因为他们觉得道歉没有用处。)”以及空后的“There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness.(人们也可能对原谅的过程抱有不切实际的期待。)”可知，前文说明一类人认为道歉无用，后文补充另一类错误想法，空格处解释“认为道歉无用”背后的想法。C选项“This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable.(这种想法可能源自这样一种认知：有些错误无法被原谅)”中This指代前文认为道歉没有意义的心态，符合逻辑。 Ⅴ. Verb filling（共10分，每题1分） 51. I, who __________ (be) your best friend, will try my best to help you pull through. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】am 【解析】 【详解】句意：作为你最好朋友的我，会尽全力帮你渡过难关。结合will try可知，主句使用一般将来时，从句描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，who引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是I，关系词who指代I，所以从句中的be动词使用am。 52. Since 2020, many young people ________ (start) to pay more attention to traditional culture and spread it on social media. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have started 【解析】 【详解】句意：自2020年以来，许多年轻人已经开始更加关注传统文化，并在社交媒体上传播它。根据“Since 2020”这一现在完成时的标志性时间状语可知，此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，强调过去动作对现在造成的影响，主语many young people是复数，助动词用have，后接start的过去分词形式started。 53. She is the only one of the students who __________ (win) the scholarship this term.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has won 【解析】 【详解】句意：她是这学期唯一一个获得奖学金的学生。先行词被the only one修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数；时间状语this term表示动作已经发生并对现在造成影响，要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语为单数，用has，win的过去分词是won。 54. He __________ (work) in that company for three years, but eventually, he quit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had worked 【解析】 【详解】句意：他在那家公司工作了三年，但最后他辞职了。but后的谓语quit是过去式，工作这个动作发生在辞职之前，是过去的过去，要用过去完成时，其结构为had done，work的过去分词是worked。 55. The handmade tea which local farmers produce __________ (sell) well among visitors. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sells 【解析】 【详解】句意：当地农民生产的手工茶在游客中很畅销。主语the handmade tea是不可数名词，为单数；sell well表示“畅销”，用主动形式表被动含义，此处描述客观事实，句子为一般现在时，sell的第三人称单数形式是sells。 56. By the time you come back, the gardeners __________ (plant) all the flowers that were ordered last month.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have planted 【解析】 【详解】句意：等你回来的时候，园丁们就已经把上个月订购的所有花都种好了。by the time意为“到……的时候”，引导时间状语从句；从句谓语动词为come，描述将来时间，用一般现在时表将来；主句动作在将来某个时间点之前已经完成，要用将来完成时，其结构为will have done，plant的过去分词是planted。 57. Seventy-two percent of Japanese people believe plastic bags should be completely banned in supermarkets, and 56 percent __________ (support) extending this ban to convenience stores.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】support 【解析】 【详解】句意：72%的日本人认为超市应当全面禁止塑料袋，56%的人支持将这项禁令扩大到便利店。结合believe可知，本句陈述客观看法，用一般现在时，后句主语56 percent指代56 percent of Japanese people，表示复数含义，谓语动词使用原形形式。 58. — Look! Someone __________ (repair) the laptop. — Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has repaired 【解析】 【详解】句意：——看！有人已经修好笔记本电脑了。——哦，不是我，我没有修。根据“Look!”以及答语“it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.”可知，修理这个动作已经完成，并对现在造成影响，要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语someone为单数，用助动词has，repair的过去分词是repaired。 59. — How long do you think it __________ (be) before Tony arrives? — No less than 20 minutes.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你觉得还要多久托尼才会到？——不少于20分钟。这里使用了固定句型“It will be + 一段时间 + before...”，表示“要过……才……”，从句“before Tony arrives”为一般现在时，主句相应地用“will be”。 60. This time last week, I __________ (sit) in a café with my best friend, talking about our plans for the summer holiday.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was sitting 【解析】 【详解】句意：上周这个时候，我正和我最好的朋友坐在咖啡馆里，讨论我们的暑假计划。时间标志词this time last week表示过去某个特定时刻正在发生的动作，要用过去进行时，主语是I，be动词用was，sit变现在分词sitting。 Ⅵ. Translation（共10分，3+3+4） 61. 这款新手机以强大的摄像头为特色，即使在夜晚也能拍出清晰的照片。（feature）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The new phone features a powerful camera and can take clear photos even at night. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是产品的客观特征和功能，全句使用一般现在时；表示“这款新手机”为主语the new phone，位于句首的单词首字母需大写；表示“以……为特色”使用动词feature，表示“强大的摄像头”译为a powerful camera，所以“以强大的摄像头为特色”译为features a powerful camera；表示“并且”使用并列连词and连接两个谓语动词；表示“即使在夜晚也能拍出清晰的照片”为并列谓语部分，其中“能”使用情态动词can，“拍出清晰的照片”译为take clear photos，“即使在夜晚”译为even at night。 62. 这些产品被标注为“环境友好的”，以表明它们的碳足迹很小。（label）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These products are labeled as “environmentally friendly” to show that they have a small carbon footprint. 【解析】 【详解】本句介绍产品标注信息，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时。“这些产品”对应These products，作主语；“被标注为”用被动语态are labeled as，label as是固定搭配；“环境友好的”对应environmentally friendly，置于引号内，作宾语；to show为不定式作目的状语，表示“以表明”；that引导宾语从句，“它们的碳足迹很小”译为they have a small carbon footprint，carbon footprint是固定短语，意为）碳足迹”。 63. 尽管人工智能对一些工作有负面影响，但它也创造了许多新机会，所以从长远来看它将造福社会。（Despite）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the negative impact on some jobs, artificial intelligence has also created many new opportunities, so it will benefit society in the long run. 【解析】 【详解】“尽管”译为despite，是介词，后面需接名词或名词短语，不能直接跟句子；故“人工智能对一些工作的负面影响”处理为名词短语the negative impact on some jobs。“人工智能”译为artificial intelligence，为句子的主语；“也创造了许多新机会”中，“创造”用create；此处强调过去动作对现在的影响（现在有了新机会），用现在完成时​has created；“也”用副词also，修饰动词；“许多新机会”译为many new opportunities。 “所以”译为so。 “将造福社会”中，“造福”用benefit，表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时​will benefit；“社会”译为society。 “从长远来看”是固定短语in the long run，在句中作时间状语。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $