题型06 阅读理解词义猜测题：循邻句取义，辨熟词新解（题型专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型06 阅读理解词义猜测题 目 录 模块一 题型解码 模块二 考点突破 考点01 释义线索题：定义、解释与举例 考点02 熟词生义题：常见词的临时义 考点03 短语与习语题：动词短语与固定搭配 考点04 语境反推题：转折、对比与否定 考点05 指代与构词题：形式线索补位 模块三 综合演练 2024—2026 年七套高考英语试卷的阅读理解第一节共 105 题，其中词义猜测题 7 题，占 6.7%，七套卷各 1 题。题量不大，却年年必考；设问对象也已从孤立的生词转向短语与熟词在语境中的临时义，位置则多落在 B、C 两篇。答案不在词典里，只在邻句里。 年份 试卷与阅读题量 词义猜测题量（占比） 2024 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，全国甲卷，45 题 3 题（6.7%） 2025 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 2 题（6.7%） 2026 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 2 题（6.7%） 三年合计 7 套，105 题 7 题（6.7%） 考点 解题要点 题型解读 释义线索题（3年1考） 看划线处前后是否有破折号、冒号、that is、or 引出的解释，或有同位语、定语从句、举例句把词义摊开；答案往往就是这层解释的浓缩。 定位一句即可定案，是五类中最容易拿分的一类。失分多因只看划线词所在半句，没有把解释句读完，或把解释里的某个例子当成词义本身。 熟词生义题（3年1考） 先按住常见义不选，再看搭配与语境能否容下这个意思；与划线词同现的动词、介词、修饰语常把词义挤向另一侧。 staggering、sensitive 一类词，考生多凭熟义直接作答。判断标准只有一条：熟义放回原句，句意是否仍然通顺。 短语与习语题（3年1考） 短语不可逐词相加：先看它在句中充当什么成分、带什么宾语，再由上下句的因果、转折、递进反推整体含义。 shine through、In the wrong hands 皆属此类。选项常给出「字面义拼合」的干扰项，逐词直译即是陷阱。 语境反推题（3年1考） 抓 but、however、instead、rather than 与否定词，看作者态度在哪一侧；划线处与邻句常构成正反、褒贬或因果的对立。 此类题划线词本身多是常用词，难在判断方向。褒贬判反即全错，是失分最集中的地方。 指代与构词题（3年2考） 代词按「就近、同数、同性、同义」四步还原，先在同一句内找，再回前一句找主语；生词按前缀、词根、后缀切分，再用词性校验。 代词两年两考，且两次都指向前一分句的整件事而非单个名词。构词推断三年未单独设题，却是应对陌生词的保底手段。 ►考点01 释义线索题：定义、解释与举例（3年1考） 隐含意义题问的是字里行间没有直说、却由原文可以推出的意思。它不考读得快，考推得准——推理只走一步，起点与落点都要在原文找得到依据。三年 12 题，是推理判断题的主体。释义线索题是送分部分：命题人怕你猜不出，多把解释句紧接在划线处后面，答案就写在里面。 01 破折号、同位语与解释句 划线处常见形态：破折号后的短语、同位语从句、that is 与 or 引出的重述、举例句。 破折号解释 划线词后接破折号，破折号内的短语即释义，取之即得答案。 同位语与重述 划线词后紧跟同位语，或由 that is、or、namely 重述，读后半即得义。 举例反推 such as、like、including 举例说明划线词，须把例子归纳成上位概念，不可直接抄例子。 方·法·技·巧 先看后一句 划线词之后的一句常是解释，先读后半句再回看词形，比盯着词本身有效。 分清词义与例子 举例句只给下位例子，答案要抽象成上位义，把例子当词义是常见失分。 词性校验 把选定的义项放回原句，核对词性是否吻合：名词位置不能填动作，形容词不能填事物。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）“We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. 1. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about.　　 B. Unaware of. C. Related to.　 　D. Optimistic about. 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题（短语）。定位 “The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue.”（公园管理部门并非对该问题毫无察觉），其后 “A study … concluded that city trees did release isoprene”（该局研究几年前已得出结论：城市树木确会释放异戊二烯）说明部门早已知情，故为“未察觉”。A“对……坦诚”、C“与……有关”与“已知情”不吻合；D“对……乐观”属态度词，原文无据。故选 B。 2.（2026·大湾区一模）Now, scientists have come up with a clever plan to help the birds. They are using drones to drop thousands of lab-grown, non-biting male mosquitoes engineered to carry a type of bacteria called Wolbachia that acts as mosquito birth control. When these special males mate with wild females, the resulting eggs will not hatch, which should reduce the overall mosquito population and give the birds a much-needed break. This technique, previously used against human diseases, marks its first wildlife-saving application. With climate change pushing mosquitoes to higher altitudes—the last shelter for honeycreepers, time is running out. Several of the remaining honeycreeper species are highly endangered. Some die after a single bite from an infected mosquito. Thus, curbing the mosquito population with methods like the BNM project may be the birds’ only chance to survive. 2. What does the underlined word “curbing” in the last paragraph mean? A. Wiping out.　　 B. Keeping track of. C. Coexisting with.　　 D. Keeping under control. 【答案】D 【解析】词义猜测题（动词）。定位 “curbing the mosquito population … may be the birds’ only chance to survive”（用 BNM 这类办法 curbing 蚊群，可能是这些鸟活下去的唯一机会），上文已说明该项目靠释放不育雄蚊 “reduce the overall mosquito population”，可见 curbing 即“加以控制、压低数量”。A“彻底消灭”程度过重，与“释放雄蚊而非灭蚊”不符；B“追踪”、C“共存”与“唯一活路”逻辑相反。故选 D。 ►考点02 熟词生义题：常见词的临时义（3年1考） 熟词生义题最会骗人：四个选项里，总有你认识的那个词。判据只有一条——熟义放回原句，句子还通不通。 01 熟义排除与语境重估 划线处常见形态：常见动词的引申义、常见形容词的程度义、常见名词的抽象义、词性转换后的新义。 动词引申 run、hold、strike、bear 一类高频动词，在特定搭配中转出抽象义，须按宾语反推。 形容词程度 staggering、sensitive、modest 等词，熟义之外另有强弱、褒贬的偏移，须看被修饰对象。 名词抽象化 bridge、channel、harvest 由具体事物转为抽象概念，须看其后介词短语的提示。 词性转换 同一词形在不同词性下意义有别，判断词性即判断词义，先看它在句中充当什么成分。 易·错·提·示 见熟即选 四个选项中如有划线词的熟义，先划掉再判断，命题人多以此设陷。 只看词形 不辨词性就套熟义，常把名词当动词解，句意立刻不通。 忽略反差 划线处前后若有前后对比、数字反差，褒贬常被这一反差决定，须一并读入。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷）As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 1. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed.　 　B. Amazing. C. Similar.　 　D. Disturbing. 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题（熟词生义）。stagger 本义“摇晃、踉跄”，此处修饰 results。定位其后一句：“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”（学生选材多样，交上十至二十页的故事，人物拓宽了我的视野、打动了我的心），与前文“不足一页、几乎没有论点句”构成强烈反差，故为“惊人的”。A“混杂的”、C“相似的”与反差义不符；D“令人不安的”褒贬相反。故选 B。 2.（2026·杭州二模）The conflict was not a single conversation but a quiet, constant pressure. Her father saw her notebooks as evidence of a dangerous, risky world. Her mother worried the stories were an escape from a real life that demanded practical things. Maya complied, studying spreadsheets by day, but at night, she fed a blog under a false name. That was her real voice, a whispered rebellion (反抗). Yet, the outside world offered no sanctuary. The comments on her blog felt like an X-ray. The other writers at the workshops she attended criticized her work with a tone she couldn’t bear. 2. What does the underlined word “complied” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Obeyed.　　 B. Panicked. C. Protested.　　 D. Wondered. 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题（熟词在语境中的临时义）。定位 “Maya complied, studying spreadsheets by day, but at night, she fed a blog under a false name.”（Maya complied，白天学电子表格，夜里却用假名写博客），but 之后是反向行为，故前半句为“照办、顺从”。B“惊慌”、D“疑惑”与“白天学表格”这一具体行为无关；C“抗议”与 but 后的 whispered rebellion 位置颠倒，属正反错置。故选 A。 ►考点03 短语与习语题：动词短语与固定搭配（3年1考） 短语不能逐词相加。shine through 不是“照穿”，In the wrong hands 也不是“在错的手里”。短语的意思由它所在那一句的因果与转折决定。 01 拆词义、定成分、看因果 划线处常见形态：动词短语、介词短语、名词性习语、带否定的固定表达。 动词短语 先定动词与副词的搭配走向，再由宾语与上下句判断整体义，勿按字面拼合。 介词短语 in / on / under 引导的短语多表状态或条件，须由后文结果反推它指哪一种状态。 名词性习语 stole the show、a walk in the park 一类，整句语气即其色彩，逐词直译必错。 否定式表达 anything but、far from、not least 之类含否定，字面与实义相反，须先辨否定。 方·法·技·巧 划出搭配 把短语与它的宾语、主语一起划出，整体读，不单看短语本身。 找结果句 短语所在句之后若给出结果或评价，短语义多与这一结果同向。 排除字面项 选项中若有逐词直译的表述，先排除，再在剩余项中比较程度。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last.　　 B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use.　　 D. Become easy to notice. 【答案】D 【解析】词义猜测题（动词短语）。定位 “The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks … to ones that require mental abstraction”（当任务从识别主旨转向需要抽象思维时，纸质阅读的优势尤其 shine through）。前两句已说纸上学习更成功、研究证实，when 从句给出对比情境，可见优势在此情形下格外显眼。A“难以持久”、B“难以解释”、C“可以使用”均与“优势显现”无关。故选 D。 2.（2026·T8 联考二）A month later at Maasai Mara, a 583-square-mile nature reserve, we were in a vehicle surrounded by seven lions, none of which seemed to care about us. On the drive to our camp, we saw every animal that was in The Lion King. But a herd of eight elephants eating grass stole the show. Despite their impressive size, what surprised me, and was so magnificent, was the sound of the tall grass being torn with their trunks. I closed my eyes to listen, imagining creating a best-selling perfume that would smell the way grass being ripped from the ground by elephants. 2. What does the underlined phrase “stole the show” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Failed to meet expectations.　　 B. Caused a sudden disturbance. C. Created a dangerous situation.　　 D. Became the most attractive part. 【答案】D 【解析】词义猜测题（习语）。定位 “But a herd of eight elephants eating grass stole the show.”（但一群八头吃草的大象 stole the show），其后两句写作者被象群撕草的声音震住、闭眼细听，甚至想以此调一款香水，可见象群成了全场最动人的一幕。A“未达预期”、B“引起骚动”、C“造成危险”与 “magnificent”“closed my eyes to listen” 的赞赏语气相反。故选 D。 ►考点04 语境反推题：转折、对比与否定（3年1考） 有一类题，划线词本身并不难，难的是判断作者站在哪一边。转折词一出现，褒贬就换了方向。三年一题，失分多在方向判反。 01 抓转折、辨褒贬、看否定 划线处常见形态：but 与 however 之后、rather than 与 instead、否定词与否定前缀、前后分句的褒贬对立。 转折之后 but、however、yet 之后是作者真正的判断，划线处若在此前，多与后半句相反。 取舍结构 rather than、instead of 明示取舍，被舍去的一侧即划线处所指的反面。 否定表达 not、never、hardly 及 un-、in-、-less 等否定成分，先还原肯定面再定褒贬。 褒贬对立 同一段内若出现一组褒贬相反的词，划线处必居其一，看它与哪一侧同现即可。 易·错·提·示 方向判反 把作者批评的对象当成作者主张的观点，是此类题第一大错因。 忽略让步 although、while 引导的让步句只是铺垫，主句才是落点。 逐词硬译 短语整体义不等于各词义之和，硬译常得出相反结论。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 1. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated.　　 B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent.　　 D. If translated by someone unacademic. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题（介词短语）。定位 “In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience…”（若由不当之人来写，此书会像驱动 AI 的代码一样难读；所幸她有二三十年专业经验），but 与 thankfully 把“写不好则难读”和“她写得易懂”对举，故指“若由能力不足者来写”。A“受教育程度低者阅读”、B“恶意者评论”偏离“写书”这一话题；D“非学者翻译”与 rather than as an academic 的对比对象不符。故选 C。 2.（2026·佛山一模）For decades “Monday blues” has been a term for the collective groan (叹息) that greets the start of each workweek. Mondays come with higher rates of anxiety, stress and even suicide compared with other days. The stress and anxiety experienced on Monday seems to ease as the week unfolds. But is the stress and anxiety biologically distinct? Furthermore, could the fleeting changes in mood leave a mark on people’s body even after they stop working? To answer these questions, Professor Tarani Chandola from HKU, looked into the phenomenon, focusing on the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇). 2. What does the underlined word “fleeting” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Extreme.　　 B. Uncommon. C. Short-lived.　　 D. Far-reaching. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题（语境反推）。定位 “could the fleeting changes in mood leave a mark on people’s body even after they stop working”（ fleeting 的情绪变化能否在停工后仍在身上留痕），前一句已说周一的不适 “seems to ease as the week unfolds”（随一周展开而缓解），可见这种变化短暂，与后文“却留下长期痕迹”构成反差。A“极端的”、B“罕见的”与“每周一必现”矛盾；D“影响深远的”与 even after 的转折重复，不成立。故选 C。 ►考点05 指代与构词题：形式线索补位（3年2考） 还有两条不依赖语义的路径：一条靠代词回指，一条靠词根词缀。代词指向哪一句，词根切出哪几个部件，答案就浮出来了。代词两年两考，构词三年未单独设题，却是应对陌生词的底牌。 01 代词还原的四个核对与构词的三段切分 划线处常见形态：it 与 they 的回指、this 与 that 指代整句、前缀改变方向、后缀决定词性。 就近回指 it、they 多回指前一分句的主语或整件事，先在同一句内找，找不到再回前一句。 数量与性质 单复数、人与物须与所指对象一致，凡是数与性不合的候选一律排除。 this / that 指代前面一整句或一整段内容时，须把该句压缩成一个名词性短语再比对选项。 构词三段 前缀定方向（de- 向下、re- 再、un- 否定），词根定义域，后缀定词性，三者合看再校验语境。 方·法·技·巧 先压缩再比对 把被指代的内容压成一句话，再与四个选项逐一对照，避免被长定语带偏。 按词性排除 构词推断出的词若与句中成分不符，说明切分有误，须重切。 语境校验 词根义只是下限，最终义要由所在句的褒贬与因果确认，不可只凭词形定案。 1.（2025·全国Ⅱ卷）Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 1. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons.　　 B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork.　　 D. Showing no sympathy. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题（代词指代）。定位 “Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. ‘I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,’ Ho says.”（有些老师不给孩子布置任何作业，只表示同情。“我觉得这样做对孩子是一种伤害”），it 承前指“不布置作业、只表同情”这一做法。A“照常授课”恰是被否定的反面；B“格外关照”是同情而非做法本身；D“不表同情”与原文相反。故选 C。 2.（2026·山东名校联盟）Last February, he and his team rescued a wing-broken eagle, sending it to a rescue center until it recovered. This July, they spent 20 minutes pulling a trapped wild out of a mudflat with ropes. Yet, the work is far from easy. Climate change is a major threat: melting ice and shifting rainfall patterns cause shoreline changes and grassland degradation. Human activities also continue—some visitors still litter, bathe, or wash cars in the lake. With nearly 99,000 hectares (公顷) of wetland and only 90 guardians, remote areas can’t be patrolled daily. 2. What does the underlined word “degradation” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Improvement.　 　B. Expansion. C. Decline.　　 D. Stability. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题（构词推断）。degradation 由前缀 de-（向下）、词根 grad（步、级）与后缀 -ation（名词）构成，本义“降级、退化”。定位 “melting ice and shifting rainfall patterns cause shoreline changes and grassland degradation”（冰融与降水变化导致岸线改变与草地 degradation），cause 引出的是负面结果，与该段 “the work is far from easy”“a major threat” 同向。A“改善”、B“扩张”、D“稳定”均为褒义或中性，与威胁语境相反。故选 C。 A 高考真题 （一） (2025浙江首考)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 1．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 2．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants. C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland. 3．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking. C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。 （二） (2024年全国甲卷)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 2．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 3．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 B 优秀模拟题 （一） (26-27高三·浙江嘉兴·一模)Martha Crawford started having climate change dreams about 11 or 12 years ago. Unlike many of her previously remembered dreams, these were “very explicit (明确的).” In one, she’s reading a textbook about climate change and then throws it away, pretending it doesn’t exist. In another, she’s being shouted at by a climate professor for not paying attention. The meaning was pretty clear, says Crawford, a licensed clinical social worker: “You’re not paying attention, and you need to pay attention.” The dreams eventually inspired her to start the Climate Dreams Project in 2019, and ever since, she’s been facilitating a space where people can share climate dreams. It would seem that climate change has woven (编织) itself into the “fabric of dreaming” as Crawford puts it. The younger the dreamer, the more prevalent these dreams become. As early as 2020, a survey found that 14% of people over the age of 55 said they had at least one climate dream in their lives compared to 56% of those aged between 18 and 34. Even more strikingly, 19% of children aged 8 to 16 had experienced “bad dreams” — or nightmares (噩梦) — about climate change. Climate change is slipping into our dreams because it is now part of what we are living in and through. Crawford acknowledges the mental stress of climate dreams, but also believes they may help people feel motivated. And studying dreams can inspire people to better understand how the world affects them emotionally, particularly for things outside of an individual’s control, like the impacts of climate change. “Maybe dreams can teach us something about how to deal with climate change, too,” says Crawford. As the project grows, Crawford hopes it can reflect how we’re trying to make sense of what we’ve done, and what’s happening, and what we hope to do. So, another way to sleep soundly? Make a positive practical difference to our world, because the more we achieve every single day, the closer we get to a world with fewer climate crisis nightmares. 1． What do Crawford’s dreams indicate? A．Crawford fears the climate professor. B．The textbook shouldn’t be thrown away. C．Climate change is a concern for Crawford. D．Solutions to climate change are being studied. 2． What does the word “prevalent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Varied. B．Common. C．Vivid. D．Consistent. 3． What benefit can studying climate dreams bring us? A．It can help deal with sleep problems. B．It can reduce harm to the environment. C．It can handle climate anxiety with optimism. D．It can encourage actions to handle climate change. 4． What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Climate Dreams: A Mirror for Us B．Dream Project: A Cure for Anxiety C．Climate Change: A Global Nightmare D．Martha Crawford: A Dream Collector 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了“气候梦”现象，分析了其普遍性、心理意义，以及它如何激励人们应对气候变化。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In one, she’s reading a textbook about climate change and then throws it away, pretending it doesn’t exist. In another, she’s being shouted at by a climate professor for not paying attention. The meaning was pretty clear, says Crawford, a licensed clinical social worker: ‌“You’re not paying attention, and you need to pay attention.”(在一个梦里，她正在读一本关于气候变化的教科书，然后把它扔掉，假装它不存在。在另一个梦里，一位气候学教授因她不注意听讲而对她大喊。持证临床社会工作者克劳福德说，其含义相当清楚：“你没有关注，你需要关注。”)”可知，关于气候变化的内容出现在克劳福德的梦里，而且有一位气候学教授提醒她认真听讲，这说明在潜意识里，气候变化是她关心的问题。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The younger the dreamer, the more prevalent these dreams become. As early as 2020, a survey found that 14% of people over the age of 55 said they had at least one climate dream in their lives compared to 56% of those aged between 18 and 34.(做梦者越年轻，这些梦就越prevalent。早在2020年，一项调查发现，55岁以上的人中有14%表示一生中至少做过一次气候梦，而18至34岁的人中这一比例为56%。)”可知，画线词“prevalent”与后文不同年龄段的数据对比相呼应，表示气候梦在年轻人中更“普遍、常见”，与“Common”最接近。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Crawford acknowledges the mental stress of climate dreams, but also believes they may help people feel motivated.(克劳福德承认气候梦带来的心理压力，但也相信它们可能帮助人们感到有动力。)”以及“Maybe dreams can teach us something about how to deal with climate change, too(也许梦也能教会我们一些关于如何应对气候变化的东西)”可知，研究气候梦可以激励人们采取行动应对气候变化。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Martha Crawford started having climate change dreams about 11 or 12 years ago.(玛莎·克劳福德大约在十一二年前开始做关于气候变化的梦。)”、第三段中“The younger the dreamer, the more prevalent these dreams become.(做梦者越年轻，这些梦就越普遍。)”、第四段中“Climate change is slipping into our dreams because it is now part of what we are living in and through.(气候变化正在潜入我们的梦境，因为它现在是我们生活和经历的一部分。)”以及第五段中“As the project grows, Crawford hopes it can reflect how we’re trying to make sense of what we’ve done, and what’s happening, and what we hope to do.(随着项目的发展，克劳福德希望它能反映我们如何试图理解我们所做的事、正在发生的事以及我们希望做的事。)”可知，全文围绕气候梦与现实之间的关系展开，气候梦像一面镜子，映照出人们对现实世界的感受、担忧和行动愿望。A项“Climate Dreams: A Mirror for Us(气候梦：我们的一面镜子)”最能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。 （二） (25-26高三·山西吕梁·二模)Three weeks ago, Paul Buxton went into hospital in Gibraltar to have surgery to remove a tumour (肿瘤). While the procedure itself was fairly routine, the circumstances of the operation were extraordinary — as it was performed by a surgeon 1,500 miles away in London. Buxton, 62, is the first patient to benefit from remote robotic surgery in the UK and said that it was a “privilege to be part of medical history”. After being diagnosed with cancer shortly after Christmas, he was told that he would have to join the lengthy waiting list and travel to England for care. However, Buxton was given the opportunity to be the first patient have the treatment remotely and was operated on by a leading robotic surgeon, Professor Prokar Dasgupta, who sat at a console (控制台) in London. The console was connected to a surgical robot in Gibraltar with a camera attached. Surgical robots help smooth out shaky hand movements and can perform smaller and more precise incisions (切口) than the human hand. A team in Gibraltar were ready to take over as a precaution in case the connection dropped but Dasgupta said the operation went to plan and it was “almost as if I was there”. Dasgupta described the surgery as a “milestone” and said: “This is a historic moment. We operated on a patient in Gibraltar from The London Clinic 2,400km away using a robot. The robot is completely controlled from a console, using high-speed lines with a time delay of, would you believe it, only 0.06 seconds.” The technology could one day be widely used to improve treatment all over the world. “This is very good news for patients in Gibraltar and other remote areas. I think it is very, very exciting. The benefit is going to be significant,” he added. Since the “test run” on Buxton, Dasgupta has conducted remote surgery twice more and will perform the procedure again on March 14, the first live-streamed one. 1． What’s special about Buxton’s surgery? A．Its operation procedure was rare. B．It was operated by Dasgupta in person. C．It was a long-distance robotic surgery. D．It was performed by surgeons from different countries. 2．How is the surgery according to Dasgupta? A．Successful. B．Complicated. C．Routine. D．Eventful. 3．Why was a team in Gibraltar ready during the surgery? A．To assist Dasgupta with the operation. B．To witness the historic moment. C．To monitor the patient’s condition. D．To take over in case of technical failure. 4． What does the underlined phrase “test run” in the last paragraph mean? A．Standard operation. B．Pilot operation. C．Live operation. D．Simulated operation. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述62岁的保罗·巴克斯顿成为英国首位受益于远程机器人手术的患者，他在直布罗陀的医院，由1500英里外伦敦的外科医生通过远程机器人进行肿瘤切除手术。手术过程顺利，被视为一个里程碑。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While the procedure itself was fairly routine, the circumstances of the operation were extraordinary — as it was performed by a surgeon 1,500 miles away in London.(虽然手术过程本身相当常规，但手术的情况却非同寻常——因为它是由1500英里外伦敦的一位外科医生进行的)”以及第三段“However, Buxton was given the opportunity to be the first patient have the treatment remotely and was operated on by a leading robotic surgeon(然而，巴克斯顿有机会成为首位接受远程治疗的患者，并由一位顶尖的机器人外科医生为他做手术)”可知，巴克斯顿手术的特别之处在于这是一场远距离的机器人手术，故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Dasgupta described the surgery as a “milestone” and said: “This is a historic moment. We operated on a patient in Gibraltar from The London Clinic 2,400km away using a robot. The robot is completely controlled from a console, using high-speed lines with a time delay of, would you believe it, only 0.06 seconds.”(达斯古普塔将这次手术称为一座 “里程碑”，并表示：“这是一个历史性时刻。我们在伦敦诊所，为远在 2400 公里之外的直布罗陀患者实施了机器人手术。这台机器人完全通过控制台操控，借助高速线路运行，你敢相信吗？信号延迟仅有 0.06 秒。”)”可知，达斯古普塔认为这次手术很成功，故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“A team in Gibraltar were ready to take over as a precaution in case the connection dropped(直布罗陀的一个团队做好了接管的准备，以防连接中断)”可知，直布罗陀的团队在手术期间待命是为了在出现技术故障（连接中断）时接管手术，故选D项。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Since the “test run” on Buxton, Dasgupta has conducted remote surgery twice more and will perform the procedure again on March 14, the first live-streamed one.(自从在巴克斯顿身上进行“test run”后，达斯古普塔又进行了两次远程手术，并将于3月14日再次进行该手术，这将是第一次直播手术)”，结合巴克斯顿是首位接受远程机器人手术的患者可知，这里的“test run”指的是首次进行的试验性手术，即试点手术，B选项“Pilot operation.（试点手术）”正确。故选B项。 （三） (25-26高三·湖南常德·二模)In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的) clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now. The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling. Melting permafrost (永久冻土) causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed. Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction. “Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.” 1．Why were huts massively built in the Alps? A．To accommodate local staff. B．To mark the first major peaks. C．To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D．To serve as shelters for alpine clubs. 2．What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Drying. B．Breaking. C．Freezing. D．Stabilizing. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4? A．The trouble in maintaining huts. B．The struggle for government aid. C．The urgency of building new huts. D．The necessity of financial budgets. 4．What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest? A．A careful plan to make huts attractive. B．Possible direction for hut adaptation. C．A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D．Constant reflection on climate change. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化引发冰川消融、地基不稳等问题，导致阿尔卑斯山区登山小屋面临安全隐患、维护成本飙升与资金短缺的困境，相关机构呼吁改造小屋并建立新资金模式以应对危机。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“As alpine clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism.(19 世纪五六十年代，欧洲阿尔卑斯山俱乐部兴起，登山者首次登顶阿尔卑斯山脉各大高峰，阿尔卑斯攀登黄金时代催生了一批小屋，为新型探险旅游提供支持)”可知，大规模修建小屋是为了满足探险者的需求。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling.(因此，小屋下方的地面以及支撑小屋的步道正变得愈发不稳定。加之建筑老化，小屋地基正在crumbling)”可知，冰川融化让小屋地基所在的地面变得不稳定，加上建筑本身老化，小屋的地基正在“碎裂、坍塌”，划线词crumbling意为“崩塌、破损”，与Breaking意思一致。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough”. The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million.(维护成本正在飙升。瑞士阿尔卑斯山俱乐部每年花费880万美元修缮小屋，却坦言资金不足；地方政府预算紧张；奥地利登山协会2024年申请1亿美元政府援助，仅获批300万美元)” 可知，第四段中首句点明主旨：维护小屋成本飞涨，随后列举了瑞士阿尔卑斯俱乐部每年维修费用高达880万美元且资金不足、奥地利阿尔卑斯协会申请1亿美元政府援助仅获300万美元等数据，旨在说明小屋维护面临资金短缺、困难重重的现状。故选A。 4．细节理解题。 根据最后一段中““Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads.Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.(‘气候变化迫使我们重新思考我们的观念，’SAC Huts 2050报告写道：‘我们的小屋需要进行改造，以便在未来保持安全和吸引力。这不仅关系到建筑结构安全，还关系到在不断变化的条件下继续使山地运动成为可能。’)”可知，气候变化迫使人们重新思考小屋的运营，小屋需要调整适配新环境，才能保证未来安全可用，这份报告给出了小屋改造调整的发展方向。故选B。 （四） (26-27高三·浙江杭州·一模)AI is learning our beauty standards. Looking for a fitness model for a social media post? AI can generate an endless stream of attractive faces without the involvement of a single real person. Many people assume it creates something entirely new. In reality, AI does not invent a new standard of attractiveness. It simply recycles — and in some cases intensifies — the one that already dominates popular media. Research has long shown that exposure to idealized bodies contributes to body dissatisfaction. Social comparison is almost automatic and those comparisons can affect self-esteem, eating habits, exercise behaviors, and overall psychological well-being. What makes AI different is its scale. Anyone can now generate thousands of seemingly realistic images in minutes. That creates a false impression that these bodies are common or typical — but they aren’t. Instead, they represent statistical averages drawn from internet content that already overrepresents conventionally attractive, highly fit individuals. The result is a feedback loop. Existing media influences AI, AI produces more idealized images, and those images become part of the media that future AI systems learn from. The cycle reinforces itself. This is especially relevant for athletes. Sports emphasize performance, discipline, and physical capability. Yet appearance now shapes public identity. AI-generated athletic bodies often appear posed for admiration rather than engaged in sport. When looks become the primary measure, athletes risk body dissatisfaction, unhealthy weight control practices, or disordered eating. The psychology behind it is even more troubling. In a broader sense, perhaps the most concerning is what is missing from the AI-generated images: few bodies reflect diversity in fat, muscle, age, disability, or shape, with women especially restricted to a narrow range. Such bodies become psychologically invisible, making most people feel excluded. Ironically, AI has enormous potential to promote inclusion, but current systems reproduce training data stereotypes. AI is often described as a mirror of society. The danger is that mirrors do not always merely reflect reality. They can also distort it. 1． What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1? A．AI ignores body image issues. B．AI creates new beauty standards. C．AI reproduces existing beauty standards. D．AI plays a dominant role in popular media. 2． What is the correct understanding of “a feedback loop” in paragraph 2? A．Media and AI boost each other. B．AI reduces social comparison pressure. C．Internet users reject AI-generated images. D．The standards of idealized bodies keep changing. 3． What worries the author most about AI-generated images? A．They draw too much attention to athletes. B．They fail to shape certain public perceptions. C．They lack diversity and exclude many people. D．They feature women with athletic body shapes. 4． What does the author want to say in the last paragraph? A．Stay true to yourself. B．The mirror never lies. C．Beauty is only skin deep. D．Seeing is not always believing. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述AI复刻强化现有主流审美并形成恶性循环，其生成形象缺乏多样性，受训练数据刻板印象影响扭曲现实审美，带来身体焦虑等问题。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In reality, AI does not invent a new standard of attractiveness. It simply recycles — and in some cases intensifies — the one that already dominates popular media.(事实上，人工智能并没有发明新的审美标准。它只是在循环利用——在某些情况下还在强化——那种已经在大众媒体中占据主导地位的审美标准。)”可知，人工智能并不会创造全新的吸引力评判标准，只是对已有的主流审美进行复现与强化。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段画线短语“a feedback loop”下文“Existing media influences AI, AI produces more idealized images, and those images become part of the media that future AI systems learn from. The cycle reinforces itself.(现有的媒体影响人工智能，人工智能生成更多理想化的形象，而这些形象又会成为未来人工智能系统学习的媒体内容的一部分，这一循环会自我强化。)”可知，媒体影响AI，AI生成的图像又反作用于媒体，体现出媒体与AI二者互相推动的关系。由此可推知，该短语含有“媒体和AI互相助推”之意。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In a broader sense, perhaps the most concerning is what is missing from the AI-generated images: few bodies reflect diversity in fat, muscle, age, disability, or shape, with women especially restricted to a narrow range. Such bodies become psychologically invisible, making most people feel excluded.(广义上来说，或许最值得担忧的是AI生成图像中缺失的内容：图像里的人体很少体现出在胖瘦、肌肉量、年龄、残障情况或是身形上的多样性，女性形象更是局限在很窄的范围之内。这类多元的身形在心理层面仿佛被抹去，让大多数人产生被排斥的感受。)”可知，作者最为担忧的是AI生成的图像缺乏身材、年龄、身体状态等多维度的多样性，会让大多数不符合单一审美的人产生被排斥感。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“AI is often described as a mirror of society. The danger is that mirrors do not always merely reflect reality. They can also distort it.(人工智能常被称作社会的一面镜子。危险之处在于，镜子并非永远只反映现实，它们也会扭曲现实。)”可知，AI并非客观呈现社会真实的审美全貌，反而会因训练数据的刻板印象扭曲现实。由此可推断，作者意在说明AI呈现的视觉内容并不等同于真实情况，亲眼所见的未必就是客观真相。 （五） (26-27高三·福建模拟)The privacy screen is an accessory for phones and laptops designed to significantly darken or totally obscure their surfaces to wandering eyes. At a time when it has become normal to assume a level of comprehensive monitoring in public places — not just by security cameras, but by our fellow travelers — the screen protectors have become a common sight. This creates a central contradiction: We are forking over tons of data and personal information to tech companies every time we download an application or search online. Yet somehow the stuff we want to keep the person sitting next to us from seeing — our messages or the algorithm-driven content that ends up on our feeds — has become a focus of some people’s privacy concerns. Is it performative? A grasp for a comforting, yet false, sense of control? Both? Psychologists refer to this mismatch as the “privacy paradox”. Dennis Stolle, the senior director of American Psychology Association’s Office of Applied Psychology. said the privacy screen was an example of people acting on their value for privacy in a situation where they know they can immediately and perceptibly control the space around them. “You can put that privacy screen over your laptop or your phone and feel a sense of accomplishment,” he said. “Even though in the big picture that may be the least of your worries, it still is somehow psychologically satisfying to do something to protect the value that you hold of the importance of privacy rather than doing nothing at all.” The screen protectors can offer a thin layer of privacy — but they may be only that, a thin layer. “I like the sense of security it gives me, but it doesn’t compare with how my personal data is being used online without my permission. It’s always like a give and take with privacy,” said Mr Punater, a 23-year-old computer science major at the University of Southern California. “What you choose to give up right now is out of your hands.” 1．Which can replace the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 1? A．Hide. B．Update. C．Repair. D．Polish. 2．Which of the following best explains the “privacy paradox”? A．We would rather read privacy policies than accept presets. B．We tend to trust information online but reject it in reality. C．We keep using screen protectors despite their minimal effect. D．We trade personal data for benefits despite being privacy-focused. 3．What’s the benefit of using privacy screens according to Stolle? A．Addressing concerns about privacy leaks. B．Improving screen visibility in bright light. C．Increasing work efficiency and productivity. D．Giving a sense of psychological satisfaction. 4．What can be inferred from Punater’s words? A．Ignoring online security endangers privacy. B．Screen protectors are too thin to be effective. C．Individuals have little control over their data. D．People should actively manage their personal data. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了隐私屏虽能提供一定隐私保护，但存在“隐私悖论”，人们对隐私保护有复杂心理且对个人数据控制有限。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The privacy screen is an accessory for phones and laptops designed to significantly darken or totally obscure their surfaces to wandering eyes.(隐私屏是手机和笔记本电脑的一种配件，旨在显著调暗或完全obscure它们的表面，使其不被旁人窥视)”可知，这里说隐私屏能让手机和笔记本电脑表面不被旁人看到，“obscure”意思是“隐藏”，与“Hide”意思相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“We are forking over tons of data and personal information to tech companies every time we download an application or search online. Yet somehow the stuff we want to keep the person sitting next to us from seeing — our messages or the algorithm-driven content that ends up on our feeds — has become a focus of some people’s privacy concerns.(每次我们下载应用程序或在线搜索时，都会向科技公司提供大量数据和个人信息。然而，不知何故，我们想不让坐在旁边的人看到的东西——我们的信息或算法驱动的最终出现在我们动态中的内容——已经成为一些人隐私关注的焦点)”以及“Psychologists refer to this mismatch as the “privacy paradox”.(心理学家将这种不匹配称为“隐私悖论”)”可知，“隐私悖论”指的是尽管人们关注隐私，但还是为了利益而交换个人数据。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段““You can put that privacy screen over your laptop or your phone and feel a sense of accomplishment,” he said. “Even though in the big picture that may be the least of your worries, it still is somehow psychologically satisfying to do something to protect the value that you hold of the importance of privacy rather than doing nothing at all.”(“你可以把隐私屏放在笔记本电脑或手机上，会有一种成就感，”他说。“尽管从大局来看，这可能是你最不用担心的事情，但做一些事情来保护你所重视的隐私价值，而不是什么都不做，这在心理上仍然是令人满足的。”)”可知，根据Stolle所说，使用隐私屏的好处是能给人一种心理上的满足感。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““What you choose to give up right now is out of your hands.”(“你现在选择放弃什么，不是你能决定的。”)”可推断，Punater的话表明个人对自己的数据几乎没有控制权。故选C。 （六） (25-26高三·浙江绍兴·二模)Early in my academic career, I noticed that one of the most popular classes on campus was Introduction to Astronomy. The students all loved it — especially the non-science majors. I asked one of them, an economics student, why she enjoyed astronomy so much. She didn’t say anything about stars, but said, “When I go into this class, I am usually stressed out about my life. But 90 minutes later, I feel relief because I am just a speck on a speck.” She was expressing a philosophical truth. We tend to believe that to be happier, we need to become bigger in our own mind and in the minds of others. But that’s wrong. What we really need to achieve both the perspective on life and the peace we desire is to get smaller in relation to everything and everyone else. We are not the center of most things in life. And yet, when we don’t recognize the truth, we go about our business with the illusion that we are the focus of intense outside interest. This fantasy is almost certainly a product of evolution: Our ancestors struggled to rise in social hierarchies by thinking that they mattered more as individuals than they actually did. This work of constantly comparing themselves with others made it more likely that they would keep their genes in a competitive mating environment. We inherited their belief of self-importance. But this comes at a cost. Researchers have shown that such self-focus can cause emotional problems, making social situations or task performance feel frightening and unpleasant. As I have shown in the past, getting happier very often requires you not to give in to natural tendencies. The world is constantly inviting you to try to make yourself appear bigger in others’ eyes and in your own. The trick to finding happiness is to get smaller. 1．What helped the economics student reduce her stress? A．Her great interest in astronomy. B．Her realization of being small. C．Her temporary escape from reality. D．Her academic progress in the subject. 2．What do most people believe about how to achieve happiness? A．By focusing on the outside world. B．By exploring their inner minds. C．By adapting to the environment. D．By making themselves important. 3．What does the underlined word “inherited” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Reflected on. B．Approved of. C．Passed on. D．Gave up. 4．What is the author’s advice on finding happiness? A．To accept one’s insignificance. B．To develop strong self-awareness. C．To follow our ancestors’ footsteps. D．To improve cooperation within social groups. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了真正的快乐并非让自己显得更重要，而是意识到自身在世界中的渺小，放下自我中心，从而获得内心平静与幸福。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“I asked one of them, an economics student, why she enjoyed astronomy so much. She didn’t say anything about stars, but said, “When I go into this class, I am usually stressed out about my life. But 90 minutes later, I feel relief because I am just a speck on a speck.”(我问其中一个学生，她是学经济学的，为什么这么喜欢天文学。她没有说任何关于星星的话，而是说道：“我去上这门课的时候，通常都对生活感到压力很大。但90分钟后，我就释然了，因为我不过是一粒尘埃中的尘埃罢了。”)” 可知，意识到自己的渺小帮助这名经济学专业的学生减轻了压力，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“We tend to believe that to be happier, we need to become bigger in our own mind, and in the minds of others.(我们往往认为，要变得更快乐，就需要在自己和别人的心目中显得更重要。)” 可知，大多数人认为获得幸福的方式是让自己变得重要，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“This work of constantly comparing themselves with others made it more likely that they would keep their genes in a competitive mating environment. We inherited their belief of self-importance.(这种不断与他人比较的做法，让他们更有可能在竞争激烈的繁衍环境中保留自己的基因。我们inherited他们那种自我重视的观念。)” 可知，那种自我重视的观念从祖先那里延续到我们身上，说明inherited 表示“传承、继承”，与passed on意思相近，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“The trick to finding happiness is to get smaller.(找到幸福的诀窍是让自己变得渺小。)” 可知，作者关于寻找幸福的建议是接受自己的微不足道，故选A。 （七） (25-26高三·山东泰安·二模)For decades, scientists have monitored only a narrow range of chemical pollutants in the environment. Yet the modern world contains thousands of industrial compounds, from industrial coatings to household cleaners, and most have never been systematically tested for safety. To discover what else might be hidden in nature, researchers are turning to some unexpected assistants: sea lions, condors (加州秃鹰), alligators (短吻鳄) and other animals. These creatures act as “sentinel species,” meaning they can offer insight into the invisible chemistry of their surroundings. Because they live long lives and occupy the top of food webs, pollutants tend to build up in their tissues. By studying their blood, feathers, or organs, scientists can detect not only familiar pollutants such as PCBs and flame retardants but also entirely new chemical families that had previously gone unnoticed. A technique known as non-targeted analysis allows researchers to search for all chemical compounds within an animal sample rather than searching for one pollutant at a time. Using this open-ended method, teams have identified hundreds of chemicals in wild animals — many came from industrial products, plastics, and household cleaners. Each finding helps map how modern pollutants travel through air, water, and food chains. In California, condors that feed on marine carcasses carry signs of chemicals transported from the ocean. Alligators in Florida reveal pollutants leaking from factories and wastewater systems. These results serve as a warning: pollution is not limited to cities or industrial zones but spreads across ecosystems and species, including humans. Scientists argue that this broader approach could reshape how environmental monitoring is done. Rather than reacting to one chemical crisis after another, researchers can now build a comprehensive picture of ecological health. As one biologist said, “When wildlife tells us something is wrong, it’s not just about them — it’s about the planet we share.” The message is both scientific and moral: protecting nature’s warning species means protecting ourselves. 1．What does the underlined phrase “sentinel species” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Pollutant indicators. B．Waste collectors. C．Chemical producers. D．Household cleaners. 2．Why does the author mention condors and alligators in paragraph 4? A．To compare their dietary patterns in the wild. B．To prove harmful substances differ in various regions. C．To explain the link between diet and chemical exposure. D．To emphasize pollutants can travel through varied habitats. 3．What can be inferred about the broader approach in the last paragraph? A．It helps resolve environmental crises effectively. B．It replaces the existing pollution monitoring methods. C．It provides an integrated view of environmental problems. D．It judges wildlife’s living conditions through human behavior. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Humans Protect the Warning Species B．How Animals Accumulate Industrial Pollutants C．How Humans Benefit from Wildlife Monitoring D．How Animals Help Scientists Track Down Pollutants 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物如何帮助科学家追踪污染物及相关情况。 【详解】 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“These creatures act as “sentinel species,” meaning they can offer insight into the invisible chemistry of their surroundings. Because they live long lives and occupy the top of food webs, pollutants tend to build up in their tissues. By studying their blood, feathers, or organs, scientists can detect not only familiar pollutants such as PCBs and flame retardants but also entirely new chemical families that had previously gone unnoticed.(这些生物充当“sentinel species”，它们能帮助人类了解周遭环境中肉眼无法察觉的化学物质状况。由于这类生物寿命较长，且处于食物链顶端，污染物容易在它们的体内组织中不断累积。通过研究它们的血液、羽毛或器官，科学家不仅能检测出多氯联苯、阻燃剂等常见污染物，还能发现以往从未被留意到的全新化学物质类别。)”可知，这些生物能指示污染物，sentinel species指的是“能指示污染物的物种”，即“污染物指示者”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In California, condors that feed on marine carcasses carry signs of chemicals transported from the ocean. Alligators in Florida reveal pollutants leaking from factories and wastewater systems.(在加利福尼亚州，以海洋动物尸体为食的加州秃鹰携带着从海洋中运输过来的化学物质的迹象。佛罗里达州的短吻鳄揭示了工厂和废水系统泄漏的污染物。)”可知，作者提到加州秃鹰和短吻鳄是为了强调污染物可以通过不同的栖息地传播。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Scientists argue that this broader approach could reshape how environmental monitoring is done. Rather than reacting to one chemical crisis after another, researchers can now build a comprehensive picture of ecological health.(科学家们认为，这种更广泛的方法可能会重塑环境监测的方式。研究人员现在可以构建一个全面的生态健康图景，而不是对一个又一个的化学危机做出反应。)”可推知，这种更广泛的方法为环境问题提供了一个综合的视角。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“To discover what else might be hidden in nature, researchers are turning to some unexpected assistants: sea lions, condors (加州秃鹰), alligators (短吻鳄) and other animals.(为了发现自然界中还隐藏着什么，研究人员求助于一些意想不到的助手：海狮、加州秃鹰、短吻鳄和其他动物。)”可知，本文主要讲述了动物如何帮助科学家追踪污染物，所以D项“How Animals Help Scientists Track Down Pollutants(动物如何帮助科学家追踪污染物)”适合作为本文标题。故选D。 （八） (25-26高三·云南昭通·二模)Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation are rapidly transforming Finland’s workplaces, replacing both manual and expert-level tasks while boosting productivity, according to a survey released Wednesday by the Finland Chamber of Commerce. The survey, conducted between Aug. 18 and 22, 2025, covered 1,035 companies from various sectors across Finland. The survey found that 22 percent of companies have experienced a decline in manual labor due to AI, while 10 percent reported a reduction in expert work, a sharp increase from last year’s figures of 15 percent and 5 percent, respectively. Despite the changes, the Chamber said AI-driven efficiency is also creating new ways of working and new types of roles. The impact of AI and automation is most pronounced in large enterprises, the survey showed. Two-thirds of companies with more than 250 employees said productivity had improved, while half reported a reduction in administrative workloads. Suvi Pulkkinen, senior advisor at the Finland Chamber of Commerce, commented on these changes: “These changes are largely positive, enhancing productivity and freeing up human capital. But they also present challenges at a time of high unemployment and declining skills levels.” Pulkkinen emphasized that jobseekers must be given opportunities to improve their skills to keep pace with rapid technological change. While many companies offer internal training programs, 54 percent of respondents said Finland’s education system fails to produce enough future-ready talent. She called for a stronger focus on foundational skills and more flexible lifelong learning, including short, targeted training programs aligned with workplace needs. Finally, Pulkkinen pointed out that Finland has “a major opportunity for productivity growth” through technology, but warned that this can only be realized “if human skills evolve alongside it.” 1．What happened to the percentage of reduced expert work from 2024 to 2025? A．It doubled. B．It peaked. C．It declined. D．It hit bottom. 2．What does the underlined word “pronounced” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Stable. B．Serious. C．Gentle. D．Obvious. 3．Why does Pulkkinen mention the changes AI brings? A．To show the values of AI challenges. B．To blame AI for high unemployment. C．To suggest stopping AI development. D．To prove she is optimistic about the future. 4．How should jobseekers respond according to the text? A．Focus on basic job training. B．Update their skills accordingly. C．Cut down administrative work. D．Depend less on new technology. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人工智能（AI）和自动化对芬兰职场产生的深远影响。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The survey found that 22 percent of companies have experienced a decline in manual labor due to AI, while 10 percent reported a reduction in expert work, a sharp increase from last year’s figures of 15 percent and 5 percent, respectively.(调查发现，22%的公司因人工智能的应用而出现了体力劳动减少的情况，而10%的公司报告称专家级工作有所减少，这一比例与去年的15%和5%相比大幅上升。)”可知，从 2024 年到 2025 年，专家工作量减少的比例从2024年的5%变成 2025 年的10%，也就是翻倍了，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Two-thirds of companies with more than 250 employees said productivity had improved, while half reported a reduction in administrative workloads.(在员工人数超过250人的公司中，三分之二表示生产力有所提高，一半的公司报告称行政工作量有所减少。)”可知，人工智能和自动化对大型企业的影响最为显著，pronounced的意思是“明显的”，和Obvious意思相近。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“These changes are largely positive, enhancing productivity and freeing up human capital. But they also present challenges at a time of high unemployment and declining skills levels.(这些变化在很大程度上是积极的，提高了生产力，释放了人力资本。但在失业率居高不下、技能水平不断下降的情况下，这些变化也带来了挑战。)”可知，Pulkkinen提及人工智能所带来的变化是为了展示人工智能带来的价值。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Pulkkinen emphasized that jobseekers must be given opportunities to improve their skills to keep pace with rapid technological change.(Pulkkinen强调，求职者必须获得提升技能的机会，以跟上快速的技术变革的步伐。)”可知，求职者应该相应地更新自己的技能。故选B。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型06 阅读理解词义猜测题 目 录 模块一 题型解码 模块二 考点突破 考点01 释义线索题：定义、解释与举例 考点02 熟词生义题：常见词的临时义 考点03 短语与习语题：动词短语与固定搭配 考点04 语境反推题：转折、对比与否定 考点05 指代与构词题：形式线索补位 模块三 综合演练 2024—2026 年七套高考英语试卷的阅读理解第一节共 105 题，其中词义猜测题 7 题，占 6.7%，七套卷各 1 题。题量不大，却年年必考；设问对象也已从孤立的生词转向短语与熟词在语境中的临时义，位置则多落在 B、C 两篇。答案不在词典里，只在邻句里。 年份 试卷与阅读题量 词义猜测题量（占比） 2024 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，全国甲卷，45 题 3 题（6.7%） 2025 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 2 题（6.7%） 2026 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 2 题（6.7%） 三年合计 7 套，105 题 7 题（6.7%） 考点 解题要点 题型解读 释义线索题（3年1考） 看划线处前后是否有破折号、冒号、that is、or 引出的解释，或有同位语、定语从句、举例句把词义摊开；答案往往就是这层解释的浓缩。 定位一句即可定案，是五类中最容易拿分的一类。失分多因只看划线词所在半句，没有把解释句读完，或把解释里的某个例子当成词义本身。 熟词生义题（3年1考） 先按住常见义不选，再看搭配与语境能否容下这个意思；与划线词同现的动词、介词、修饰语常把词义挤向另一侧。 staggering、sensitive 一类词，考生多凭熟义直接作答。判断标准只有一条：熟义放回原句，句意是否仍然通顺。 短语与习语题（3年1考） 短语不可逐词相加：先看它在句中充当什么成分、带什么宾语，再由上下句的因果、转折、递进反推整体含义。 shine through、In the wrong hands 皆属此类。选项常给出「字面义拼合」的干扰项，逐词直译即是陷阱。 语境反推题（3年1考） 抓 but、however、instead、rather than 与否定词，看作者态度在哪一侧；划线处与邻句常构成正反、褒贬或因果的对立。 此类题划线词本身多是常用词，难在判断方向。褒贬判反即全错，是失分最集中的地方。 指代与构词题（3年2考） 代词按「就近、同数、同性、同义」四步还原，先在同一句内找，再回前一句找主语；生词按前缀、词根、后缀切分，再用词性校验。 代词两年两考，且两次都指向前一分句的整件事而非单个名词。构词推断三年未单独设题，却是应对陌生词的保底手段。 ►考点01 释义线索题：定义、解释与举例（3年1考） 隐含意义题问的是字里行间没有直说、却由原文可以推出的意思。它不考读得快，考推得准——推理只走一步，起点与落点都要在原文找得到依据。三年 12 题，是推理判断题的主体。释义线索题是送分部分：命题人怕你猜不出，多把解释句紧接在划线处后面，答案就写在里面。 01 破折号、同位语与解释句 划线处常见形态：破折号后的短语、同位语从句、that is 与 or 引出的重述、举例句。 破折号解释 划线词后接破折号，破折号内的短语即释义，取之即得答案。 同位语与重述 划线词后紧跟同位语，或由 that is、or、namely 重述，读后半即得义。 举例反推 such as、like、including 举例说明划线词，须把例子归纳成上位概念，不可直接抄例子。 方·法·技·巧 先看后一句 划线词之后的一句常是解释，先读后半句再回看词形，比盯着词本身有效。 分清词义与例子 举例句只给下位例子，答案要抽象成上位义，把例子当词义是常见失分。 词性校验 把选定的义项放回原句，核对词性是否吻合：名词位置不能填动作，形容词不能填事物。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）“We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. 1. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about.　　 B. Unaware of. C. Related to.　 　D. Optimistic about. 2.（2026·大湾区一模）Now, scientists have come up with a clever plan to help the birds. They are using drones to drop thousands of lab-grown, non-biting male mosquitoes engineered to carry a type of bacteria called Wolbachia that acts as mosquito birth control. When these special males mate with wild females, the resulting eggs will not hatch, which should reduce the overall mosquito population and give the birds a much-needed break. This technique, previously used against human diseases, marks its first wildlife-saving application. With climate change pushing mosquitoes to higher altitudes—the last shelter for honeycreepers, time is running out. Several of the remaining honeycreeper species are highly endangered. Some die after a single bite from an infected mosquito. Thus, curbing the mosquito population with methods like the BNM project may be the birds’ only chance to survive. 2. What does the underlined word “curbing” in the last paragraph mean? A. Wiping out.　　 B. Keeping track of. C. Coexisting with.　　 D. Keeping under control. ►考点02 熟词生义题：常见词的临时义（3年1考） 熟词生义题最会骗人：四个选项里，总有你认识的那个词。判据只有一条——熟义放回原句，句子还通不通。 01 熟义排除与语境重估 划线处常见形态：常见动词的引申义、常见形容词的程度义、常见名词的抽象义、词性转换后的新义。 动词引申 run、hold、strike、bear 一类高频动词，在特定搭配中转出抽象义，须按宾语反推。 形容词程度 staggering、sensitive、modest 等词，熟义之外另有强弱、褒贬的偏移，须看被修饰对象。 名词抽象化 bridge、channel、harvest 由具体事物转为抽象概念，须看其后介词短语的提示。 词性转换 同一词形在不同词性下意义有别，判断词性即判断词义，先看它在句中充当什么成分。 易·错·提·示 见熟即选 四个选项中如有划线词的熟义，先划掉再判断，命题人多以此设陷。 只看词形 不辨词性就套熟义，常把名词当动词解，句意立刻不通。 忽略反差 划线处前后若有前后对比、数字反差，褒贬常被这一反差决定，须一并读入。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷）As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 1. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed.　 　B. Amazing. C. Similar.　 　D. Disturbing. 2.（2026·杭州二模）The conflict was not a single conversation but a quiet, constant pressure. Her father saw her notebooks as evidence of a dangerous, risky world. Her mother worried the stories were an escape from a real life that demanded practical things. Maya complied, studying spreadsheets by day, but at night, she fed a blog under a false name. That was her real voice, a whispered rebellion (反抗). Yet, the outside world offered no sanctuary. The comments on her blog felt like an X-ray. The other writers at the workshops she attended criticized her work with a tone she couldn’t bear. 2. What does the underlined word “complied” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Obeyed.　　 B. Panicked. C. Protested.　　 D. Wondered. ►考点03 短语与习语题：动词短语与固定搭配（3年1考） 短语不能逐词相加。shine through 不是“照穿”，In the wrong hands 也不是“在错的手里”。短语的意思由它所在那一句的因果与转折决定。 01 拆词义、定成分、看因果 划线处常见形态：动词短语、介词短语、名词性习语、带否定的固定表达。 动词短语 先定动词与副词的搭配走向，再由宾语与上下句判断整体义，勿按字面拼合。 介词短语 in / on / under 引导的短语多表状态或条件，须由后文结果反推它指哪一种状态。 名词性习语 stole the show、a walk in the park 一类，整句语气即其色彩，逐词直译必错。 否定式表达 anything but、far from、not least 之类含否定，字面与实义相反，须先辨否定。 方·法·技·巧 划出搭配 把短语与它的宾语、主语一起划出，整体读，不单看短语本身。 找结果句 短语所在句之后若给出结果或评价，短语义多与这一结果同向。 排除字面项 选项中若有逐词直译的表述，先排除，再在剩余项中比较程度。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last.　　 B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use.　　 D. Become easy to notice. 2.（2026·T8 联考二）A month later at Maasai Mara, a 583-square-mile nature reserve, we were in a vehicle surrounded by seven lions, none of which seemed to care about us. On the drive to our camp, we saw every animal that was in The Lion King. But a herd of eight elephants eating grass stole the show. Despite their impressive size, what surprised me, and was so magnificent, was the sound of the tall grass being torn with their trunks. I closed my eyes to listen, imagining creating a best-selling perfume that would smell the way grass being ripped from the ground by elephants. 2. What does the underlined phrase “stole the show” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Failed to meet expectations.　　 B. Caused a sudden disturbance. C. Created a dangerous situation.　　 D. Became the most attractive part. ►考点04 语境反推题：转折、对比与否定（3年1考） 有一类题，划线词本身并不难，难的是判断作者站在哪一边。转折词一出现，褒贬就换了方向。三年一题，失分多在方向判反。 01 抓转折、辨褒贬、看否定 划线处常见形态：but 与 however 之后、rather than 与 instead、否定词与否定前缀、前后分句的褒贬对立。 转折之后 but、however、yet 之后是作者真正的判断，划线处若在此前，多与后半句相反。 取舍结构 rather than、instead of 明示取舍，被舍去的一侧即划线处所指的反面。 否定表达 not、never、hardly 及 un-、in-、-less 等否定成分，先还原肯定面再定褒贬。 褒贬对立 同一段内若出现一组褒贬相反的词，划线处必居其一，看它与哪一侧同现即可。 易·错·提·示 方向判反 把作者批评的对象当成作者主张的观点，是此类题第一大错因。 忽略让步 although、while 引导的让步句只是铺垫，主句才是落点。 逐词硬译 短语整体义不等于各词义之和，硬译常得出相反结论。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 1. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated.　　 B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent.　　 D. If translated by someone unacademic. 2.（2026·佛山一模）For decades “Monday blues” has been a term for the collective groan (叹息) that greets the start of each workweek. Mondays come with higher rates of anxiety, stress and even suicide compared with other days. The stress and anxiety experienced on Monday seems to ease as the week unfolds. But is the stress and anxiety biologically distinct? Furthermore, could the fleeting changes in mood leave a mark on people’s body even after they stop working? To answer these questions, Professor Tarani Chandola from HKU, looked into the phenomenon, focusing on the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇). 2. What does the underlined word “fleeting” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Extreme.　　 B. Uncommon. C. Short-lived.　　 D. Far-reaching. ►考点05 指代与构词题：形式线索补位（3年2考） 还有两条不依赖语义的路径：一条靠代词回指，一条靠词根词缀。代词指向哪一句，词根切出哪几个部件，答案就浮出来了。代词两年两考，构词三年未单独设题，却是应对陌生词的底牌。 01 代词还原的四个核对与构词的三段切分 划线处常见形态：it 与 they 的回指、this 与 that 指代整句、前缀改变方向、后缀决定词性。 就近回指 it、they 多回指前一分句的主语或整件事，先在同一句内找，找不到再回前一句。 数量与性质 单复数、人与物须与所指对象一致，凡是数与性不合的候选一律排除。 this / that 指代前面一整句或一整段内容时，须把该句压缩成一个名词性短语再比对选项。 构词三段 前缀定方向（de- 向下、re- 再、un- 否定），词根定义域，后缀定词性，三者合看再校验语境。 方·法·技·巧 先压缩再比对 把被指代的内容压成一句话，再与四个选项逐一对照，避免被长定语带偏。 按词性排除 构词推断出的词若与句中成分不符，说明切分有误，须重切。 语境校验 词根义只是下限，最终义要由所在句的褒贬与因果确认，不可只凭词形定案。 1.（2025·全国Ⅱ卷）Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 1. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons.　　 B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork.　　 D. Showing no sympathy. 2.（2026·山东名校联盟）Last February, he and his team rescued a wing-broken eagle, sending it to a rescue center until it recovered. This July, they spent 20 minutes pulling a trapped wild out of a mudflat with ropes. Yet, the work is far from easy. Climate change is a major threat: melting ice and shifting rainfall patterns cause shoreline changes and grassland degradation. Human activities also continue—some visitors still litter, bathe, or wash cars in the lake. With nearly 99,000 hectares (公顷) of wetland and only 90 guardians, remote areas can’t be patrolled daily. 2. What does the underlined word “degradation” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Improvement.　 　B. Expansion. C. Decline.　　 D. Stability. A 高考真题 （一） (2025浙江首考)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 1．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 2．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants. C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland. 3．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking. C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. （二） (2024年全国甲卷)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 2．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 3．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy B 优秀模拟题 （一） (26-27高三·浙江嘉兴·一模)Martha Crawford started having climate change dreams about 11 or 12 years ago. Unlike many of her previously remembered dreams, these were “very explicit (明确的).” In one, she’s reading a textbook about climate change and then throws it away, pretending it doesn’t exist. In another, she’s being shouted at by a climate professor for not paying attention. The meaning was pretty clear, says Crawford, a licensed clinical social worker: “You’re not paying attention, and you need to pay attention.” The dreams eventually inspired her to start the Climate Dreams Project in 2019, and ever since, she’s been facilitating a space where people can share climate dreams. It would seem that climate change has woven (编织) itself into the “fabric of dreaming” as Crawford puts it. The younger the dreamer, the more prevalent these dreams become. As early as 2020, a survey found that 14% of people over the age of 55 said they had at least one climate dream in their lives compared to 56% of those aged between 18 and 34. Even more strikingly, 19% of children aged 8 to 16 had experienced “bad dreams” — or nightmares (噩梦) — about climate change. Climate change is slipping into our dreams because it is now part of what we are living in and through. Crawford acknowledges the mental stress of climate dreams, but also believes they may help people feel motivated. And studying dreams can inspire people to better understand how the world affects them emotionally, particularly for things outside of an individual’s control, like the impacts of climate change. “Maybe dreams can teach us something about how to deal with climate change, too,” says Crawford. As the project grows, Crawford hopes it can reflect how we’re trying to make sense of what we’ve done, and what’s happening, and what we hope to do. So, another way to sleep soundly? Make a positive practical difference to our world, because the more we achieve every single day, the closer we get to a world with fewer climate crisis nightmares. 1． What do Crawford’s dreams indicate? A．Crawford fears the climate professor. B．The textbook shouldn’t be thrown away. C．Climate change is a concern for Crawford. D．Solutions to climate change are being studied. 2． What does the word “prevalent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Varied. B．Common. C．Vivid. D．Consistent. 3． What benefit can studying climate dreams bring us? A．It can help deal with sleep problems. B．It can reduce harm to the environment. C．It can handle climate anxiety with optimism. D．It can encourage actions to handle climate change. 4． What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Climate Dreams: A Mirror for Us B．Dream Project: A Cure for Anxiety C．Climate Change: A Global Nightmare D．Martha Crawford: A Dream Collector （二） (25-26高三·山西吕梁·二模)Three weeks ago, Paul Buxton went into hospital in Gibraltar to have surgery to remove a tumour (肿瘤). While the procedure itself was fairly routine, the circumstances of the operation were extraordinary — as it was performed by a surgeon 1,500 miles away in London. Buxton, 62, is the first patient to benefit from remote robotic surgery in the UK and said that it was a “privilege to be part of medical history”. After being diagnosed with cancer shortly after Christmas, he was told that he would have to join the lengthy waiting list and travel to England for care. However, Buxton was given the opportunity to be the first patient have the treatment remotely and was operated on by a leading robotic surgeon, Professor Prokar Dasgupta, who sat at a console (控制台) in London. The console was connected to a surgical robot in Gibraltar with a camera attached. Surgical robots help smooth out shaky hand movements and can perform smaller and more precise incisions (切口) than the human hand. A team in Gibraltar were ready to take over as a precaution in case the connection dropped but Dasgupta said the operation went to plan and it was “almost as if I was there”. Dasgupta described the surgery as a “milestone” and said: “This is a historic moment. We operated on a patient in Gibraltar from The London Clinic 2,400km away using a robot. The robot is completely controlled from a console, using high-speed lines with a time delay of, would you believe it, only 0.06 seconds.” The technology could one day be widely used to improve treatment all over the world. “This is very good news for patients in Gibraltar and other remote areas. I think it is very, very exciting. The benefit is going to be significant,” he added. Since the “test run” on Buxton, Dasgupta has conducted remote surgery twice more and will perform the procedure again on March 14, the first live-streamed one. 1． What’s special about Buxton’s surgery? A．Its operation procedure was rare. B．It was operated by Dasgupta in person. C．It was a long-distance robotic surgery. D．It was performed by surgeons from different countries. 2．How is the surgery according to Dasgupta? A．Successful. B．Complicated. C．Routine. D．Eventful. 3．Why was a team in Gibraltar ready during the surgery? A．To assist Dasgupta with the operation. B．To witness the historic moment. C．To monitor the patient’s condition. D．To take over in case of technical failure. 4． What does the underlined phrase “test run” in the last paragraph mean? A．Standard operation. B．Pilot operation. C．Live operation. D．Simulated operation. （三） (25-26高三·湖南常德·二模)In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的) clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now. The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling. Melting permafrost (永久冻土) causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed. Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction. “Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.” 1．Why were huts massively built in the Alps? A．To accommodate local staff. B．To mark the first major peaks. C．To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D．To serve as shelters for alpine clubs. 2．What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Drying. B．Breaking. C．Freezing. D．Stabilizing. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4? A．The trouble in maintaining huts. B．The struggle for government aid. C．The urgency of building new huts. D．The necessity of financial budgets. 4．What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest? A．A careful plan to make huts attractive. B．Possible direction for hut adaptation. C．A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D．Constant reflection on climate change. （四） (26-27高三·浙江杭州·一模)AI is learning our beauty standards. Looking for a fitness model for a social media post? AI can generate an endless stream of attractive faces without the involvement of a single real person. Many people assume it creates something entirely new. In reality, AI does not invent a new standard of attractiveness. It simply recycles — and in some cases intensifies — the one that already dominates popular media. Research has long shown that exposure to idealized bodies contributes to body dissatisfaction. Social comparison is almost automatic and those comparisons can affect self-esteem, eating habits, exercise behaviors, and overall psychological well-being. What makes AI different is its scale. Anyone can now generate thousands of seemingly realistic images in minutes. That creates a false impression that these bodies are common or typical — but they aren’t. Instead, they represent statistical averages drawn from internet content that already overrepresents conventionally attractive, highly fit individuals. The result is a feedback loop. Existing media influences AI, AI produces more idealized images, and those images become part of the media that future AI systems learn from. The cycle reinforces itself. This is especially relevant for athletes. Sports emphasize performance, discipline, and physical capability. Yet appearance now shapes public identity. AI-generated athletic bodies often appear posed for admiration rather than engaged in sport. When looks become the primary measure, athletes risk body dissatisfaction, unhealthy weight control practices, or disordered eating. The psychology behind it is even more troubling. In a broader sense, perhaps the most concerning is what is missing from the AI-generated images: few bodies reflect diversity in fat, muscle, age, disability, or shape, with women especially restricted to a narrow range. Such bodies become psychologically invisible, making most people feel excluded. Ironically, AI has enormous potential to promote inclusion, but current systems reproduce training data stereotypes. AI is often described as a mirror of society. The danger is that mirrors do not always merely reflect reality. They can also distort it. 1． What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1? A．AI ignores body image issues. B．AI creates new beauty standards. C．AI reproduces existing beauty standards. D．AI plays a dominant role in popular media. 2． What is the correct understanding of “a feedback loop” in paragraph 2? A．Media and AI boost each other. B．AI reduces social comparison pressure. C．Internet users reject AI-generated images. D．The standards of idealized bodies keep changing. 3． What worries the author most about AI-generated images? A．They draw too much attention to athletes. B．They fail to shape certain public perceptions. C．They lack diversity and exclude many people. D．They feature women with athletic body shapes. 4． What does the author want to say in the last paragraph? A．Stay true to yourself. B．The mirror never lies. C．Beauty is only skin deep. D．Seeing is not always believing. （五） (26-27高三·福建模拟)The privacy screen is an accessory for phones and laptops designed to significantly darken or totally obscure their surfaces to wandering eyes. At a time when it has become normal to assume a level of comprehensive monitoring in public places — not just by security cameras, but by our fellow travelers — the screen protectors have become a common sight. This creates a central contradiction: We are forking over tons of data and personal information to tech companies every time we download an application or search online. Yet somehow the stuff we want to keep the person sitting next to us from seeing — our messages or the algorithm-driven content that ends up on our feeds — has become a focus of some people’s privacy concerns. Is it performative? A grasp for a comforting, yet false, sense of control? Both? Psychologists refer to this mismatch as the “privacy paradox”. Dennis Stolle, the senior director of American Psychology Association’s Office of Applied Psychology. said the privacy screen was an example of people acting on their value for privacy in a situation where they know they can immediately and perceptibly control the space around them. “You can put that privacy screen over your laptop or your phone and feel a sense of accomplishment,” he said. “Even though in the big picture that may be the least of your worries, it still is somehow psychologically satisfying to do something to protect the value that you hold of the importance of privacy rather than doing nothing at all.” The screen protectors can offer a thin layer of privacy — but they may be only that, a thin layer. “I like the sense of security it gives me, but it doesn’t compare with how my personal data is being used online without my permission. It’s always like a give and take with privacy,” said Mr Punater, a 23-year-old computer science major at the University of Southern California. “What you choose to give up right now is out of your hands.” 1．Which can replace the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 1? A．Hide. B．Update. C．Repair. D．Polish. 2．Which of the following best explains the “privacy paradox”? A．We would rather read privacy policies than accept presets. B．We tend to trust information online but reject it in reality. C．We keep using screen protectors despite their minimal effect. D．We trade personal data for benefits despite being privacy-focused. 3．What’s the benefit of using privacy screens according to Stolle? A．Addressing concerns about privacy leaks. B．Improving screen visibility in bright light. C．Increasing work efficiency and productivity. D．Giving a sense of psychological satisfaction. 4．What can be inferred from Punater’s words? A．Ignoring online security endangers privacy. B．Screen protectors are too thin to be effective. C．Individuals have little control over their data. D．People should actively manage their personal data. （六） (25-26高三·浙江绍兴·二模)Early in my academic career, I noticed that one of the most popular classes on campus was Introduction to Astronomy. The students all loved it — especially the non-science majors. I asked one of them, an economics student, why she enjoyed astronomy so much. She didn’t say anything about stars, but said, “When I go into this class, I am usually stressed out about my life. But 90 minutes later, I feel relief because I am just a speck on a speck.” She was expressing a philosophical truth. We tend to believe that to be happier, we need to become bigger in our own mind and in the minds of others. But that’s wrong. What we really need to achieve both the perspective on life and the peace we desire is to get smaller in relation to everything and everyone else. We are not the center of most things in life. And yet, when we don’t recognize the truth, we go about our business with the illusion that we are the focus of intense outside interest. This fantasy is almost certainly a product of evolution: Our ancestors struggled to rise in social hierarchies by thinking that they mattered more as individuals than they actually did. This work of constantly comparing themselves with others made it more likely that they would keep their genes in a competitive mating environment. We inherited their belief of self-importance. But this comes at a cost. Researchers have shown that such self-focus can cause emotional problems, making social situations or task performance feel frightening and unpleasant. As I have shown in the past, getting happier very often requires you not to give in to natural tendencies. The world is constantly inviting you to try to make yourself appear bigger in others’ eyes and in your own. The trick to finding happiness is to get smaller. 1．What helped the economics student reduce her stress? A．Her great interest in astronomy. B．Her realization of being small. C．Her temporary escape from reality. D．Her academic progress in the subject. 2．What do most people believe about how to achieve happiness? A．By focusing on the outside world. B．By exploring their inner minds. C．By adapting to the environment. D．By making themselves important. 3．What does the underlined word “inherited” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Reflected on. B．Approved of. C．Passed on. D．Gave up. 4．What is the author’s advice on finding happiness? A．To accept one’s insignificance. B．To develop strong self-awareness. C．To follow our ancestors’ footsteps. D．To improve cooperation within social groups. （七） (25-26高三·山东泰安·二模)For decades, scientists have monitored only a narrow range of chemical pollutants in the environment. Yet the modern world contains thousands of industrial compounds, from industrial coatings to household cleaners, and most have never been systematically tested for safety. To discover what else might be hidden in nature, researchers are turning to some unexpected assistants: sea lions, condors (加州秃鹰), alligators (短吻鳄) and other animals. These creatures act as “sentinel species,” meaning they can offer insight into the invisible chemistry of their surroundings. Because they live long lives and occupy the top of food webs, pollutants tend to build up in their tissues. By studying their blood, feathers, or organs, scientists can detect not only familiar pollutants such as PCBs and flame retardants but also entirely new chemical families that had previously gone unnoticed. A technique known as non-targeted analysis allows researchers to search for all chemical compounds within an animal sample rather than searching for one pollutant at a time. Using this open-ended method, teams have identified hundreds of chemicals in wild animals — many came from industrial products, plastics, and household cleaners. Each finding helps map how modern pollutants travel through air, water, and food chains. In California, condors that feed on marine carcasses carry signs of chemicals transported from the ocean. Alligators in Florida reveal pollutants leaking from factories and wastewater systems. These results serve as a warning: pollution is not limited to cities or industrial zones but spreads across ecosystems and species, including humans. Scientists argue that this broader approach could reshape how environmental monitoring is done. Rather than reacting to one chemical crisis after another, researchers can now build a comprehensive picture of ecological health. As one biologist said, “When wildlife tells us something is wrong, it’s not just about them — it’s about the planet we share.” The message is both scientific and moral: protecting nature’s warning species means protecting ourselves. 1．What does the underlined phrase “sentinel species” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Pollutant indicators. B．Waste collectors. C．Chemical producers. D．Household cleaners. 2．Why does the author mention condors and alligators in paragraph 4? A．To compare their dietary patterns in the wild. B．To prove harmful substances differ in various regions. C．To explain the link between diet and chemical exposure. D．To emphasize pollutants can travel through varied habitats. 3．What can be inferred about the broader approach in the last paragraph? A．It helps resolve environmental crises effectively. B．It replaces the existing pollution monitoring methods. C．It provides an integrated view of environmental problems. D．It judges wildlife’s living conditions through human behavior. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Humans Protect the Warning Species B．How Animals Accumulate Industrial Pollutants C．How Humans Benefit from Wildlife Monitoring D．How Animals Help Scientists Track Down Pollutants （八） (25-26高三·云南昭通·二模)Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation are rapidly transforming Finland’s workplaces, replacing both manual and expert-level tasks while boosting productivity, according to a survey released Wednesday by the Finland Chamber of Commerce. The survey, conducted between Aug. 18 and 22, 2025, covered 1,035 companies from various sectors across Finland. The survey found that 22 percent of companies have experienced a decline in manual labor due to AI, while 10 percent reported a reduction in expert work, a sharp increase from last year’s figures of 15 percent and 5 percent, respectively. Despite the changes, the Chamber said AI-driven efficiency is also creating new ways of working and new types of roles. The impact of AI and automation is most pronounced in large enterprises, the survey showed. Two-thirds of companies with more than 250 employees said productivity had improved, while half reported a reduction in administrative workloads. Suvi Pulkkinen, senior advisor at the Finland Chamber of Commerce, commented on these changes: “These changes are largely positive, enhancing productivity and freeing up human capital. But they also present challenges at a time of high unemployment and declining skills levels.” Pulkkinen emphasized that jobseekers must be given opportunities to improve their skills to keep pace with rapid technological change. While many companies offer internal training programs, 54 percent of respondents said Finland’s education system fails to produce enough future-ready talent. She called for a stronger focus on foundational skills and more flexible lifelong learning, including short, targeted training programs aligned with workplace needs. Finally, Pulkkinen pointed out that Finland has “a major opportunity for productivity growth” through technology, but warned that this can only be realized “if human skills evolve alongside it.” 1．What happened to the percentage of reduced expert work from 2024 to 2025? A．It doubled. B．It peaked. C．It declined. D．It hit bottom. 2．What does the underlined word “pronounced” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Stable. B．Serious. C．Gentle. D．Obvious. 3．Why does Pulkkinen mention the changes AI brings? A．To show the values of AI challenges. B．To blame AI for high unemployment. C．To suggest stopping AI development. D．To prove she is optimistic about the future. 4．How should jobseekers respond according to the text? A．Focus on basic job training. B．Update their skills accordingly. C．Cut down administrative work. D．Depend less on new technology. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $