题型05 阅读理解推理判断题：有据而推，守住原文边界（题型专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型05 阅读理解推理判断题 目 录 模块一 题型解码 模块二 考点突破 考点01 隐含意义题：由字面推言外之意 考点02 观点态度题：谁的态度与什么主张 考点03 写作意图题：举例、引用与段落作用 考点04 综合结论题：全篇寓意与结论 考点05 文体出处题：语篇类型与读者对象 模块三 综合演练 2024—2026 年七套高考英语试卷的阅读理解第一节共 105 题，其中推理判断题 29 题，占 27.6%，仅次于细节理解题，三年里 2025 年占比最高（36.7%），设问重心从「信息是否在文中」转向「依据文中信息能推到哪一步」。推断须以原文为据，止于原文所允许的范围。 年份 试卷与阅读题量 推理判断题量（占比） 2024 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，全国甲卷，45 题 10 题（22.2%） 2025 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 11 题（36.7%） 2026 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 8 题（26.7%） 三年合计 7 套，105 题 29 题（27.6%） 考点 解题要点 题型解读 隐含意义题（3年12考） 按题干关键词回文定位，读懂字面义后作一步正向或逆向推理；正确项与原文同义而非照搬，须核对是否落在原文信息覆盖范围内。 占比最高。infer、imply、conclude、learn about 为常设信号，答案多在转折句、结论句与举例前后；过度引申、主观臆断是主要失分。 观点态度题（3年8考） 先判问「谁」的态度，再从主题句、情感词、人物原话与行为事实取据；并列形容词须逐个核验，褒贬由文中用词定。 opinion、attitude、feel about、suggest、advocate 常设问。专家观点与作者态度易混，把甲的态度安到乙身上属高频干扰。 写作意图题（3年6考） 立足题干所指段落，看该例、该数据、该引语支撑的是前一句还是后一句论点；答案多为「为证明／引入／说明某观点」。 Why does the author mention...? 是三年高频句式。选项只讨论例子本身即「就事论事」；另有开篇引入、作比较等手法题。 综合结论题（3年3考） 整合首尾段与各段主题句，把分散信息合成一句结论，再与全文主旨、作者经历落点核对，不以某一段代全篇。 What does the author’s experience show?、major finding、标题式推断皆属此类；选项多用绝对化措辞或范围失当设错。 文体出处题（3年0考） 由话题、术语密度与行文结构判体裁，再选载体；倒金字塔多为新闻，书评常有书名与作者评价，受众判断看称谓与信息用途。 三年七套卷未单独设题，但各省市以及各校模拟卷常见，宜作低频防身准备。 ►考点01 隐含意义题：由字面推言外之意（3年12考） 隐含意义题问的是字里行间没有直说、却由原文可以推出的意思。它不考读得快，考推得准——推理只走一步，起点与落点都要在原文找得到依据。三年 12 题，是推理判断题的主体。 01 言外之意与同义改写 题干常见信号词：infer、imply、conclude、learn about。 正向推理型 由事实、数据或行为按常理往前推一步，答案是该信息的合理概括，不是原文照抄。 逆向推理型 原文说 A 如此，题干问「若非 A」会怎样，须从反面取意，常见于 although 之后。 同义改写型 选项把定位句换词、换句式或换语态，意思不变；与原文字面越像越要警惕。 转折取意型 答案常落在 but、however、yet、rather than 之后，前半句多为铺垫或让步。 方·法·技·巧 定位再推断 圈题干实词回文找到那一句，先看字面义再往前推一步，不拿整篇文章去猜。 原文不是答案 一字不差复述原文的项多为陷阱；正确项与原文同义，却是转了个弯的说法。 守住边界 不掺个人经验，不把可能推成必然；含 only、never、completely 的选项先打问号。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·C篇）BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports.　　 B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.　　 D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 2.（模拟·2026 江苏盐城四校质检（一））"The changes in her work's form between movement and stillness are projections of conceptual unrest," said Su Dan, the artistic director of Hand of Wisdom, observing Hua's shift since her return. "She has long engaged with Chinese traditional materials and been constantly thinking. Works created in such a state of reflection become models of design philosophy: They are short-lived, yet everlasting." 2.What does Su Dan imply about Hua Yong? A. She underwent life unrest in Paris.　　 B. She deserted wood craft traditions. C. Her works turn out the best models.　　 D. Her works convey a consistent idea. 02 逻辑关系与结果推断 题干常见信号词：inferred about、Why、led to、probably。 因果推断 由 because、since、so、led to 等前后句判原因或结果，先看清题干问的是因还是果。 条件推断 原文以 if、unless、when 限定范围，选项抽掉条件即把结论扩大。 结果推断 由 Although A, B 一类让步句判断实际结局，重心在主句而非让步从句。 对比推断 由 more than、rather than、instead of 判断取舍，选项常把两者颠倒。 易·错·提·示 只取半句 让步句重心在主句，只盯 Although 从句会得出相反结论。 因果倒置 原文「因 A 致 B」，选项写成「因 B 致 A」，须回文核对方向。 以偏概全 某一个数据只说明该对象，不可直接扩成整体趋势。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·C篇）Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. 1. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars.　　 B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support.　　 D. They advocated building new parks. 2.（模拟·2026 天星原创）Mark Zuckerberg believes AI-generated content is the future of social media. While some experts think AI slop will be filtered out over time, social media data suggests the opposite. More than 30% of content seen on social media now comes from the accounts users don't follow, up from 8% in 2021. Although Zuckerberg once focused on “meaningful social interactions”, it's now clear that AI-generated posts will keep increasing, shaping the future of online content. 2. What can be inferred about the future of AI-generated content? A. Tech companies will support AI-generated posts.　　 B. Governments will pass laws to get rid of AI content. C. Its influence on social media platforms will continue growing.　　 D. It will gradually disappear as users learn to remove careless content. ►考点02 观点态度题：谁的态度与什么主张（3年8考） 这类题不要求你同意作者，只要求你认出作者或文中人物说了什么、用什么词说。先分清问的是谁，再找情感词与人物原话。三年 8 题，多集中在人物访谈、专家引语与研究发现处。 01 人物观点与情感倾向 题干常见信号词：opinion、feel about、attitude、best describes。 人物观点型 题干问 What is X's opinion about...?，答案在 X 的直接引语或转述句，勿混入作者看法。 情感倾向型 由形容词、副词与动作描写判褒贬，favorable、dismissive、doubtful 一类选项须逐一对应。 特征匹配型 选项多为形容词，先找行为事实再选词；and/but 连两个形容词时，有一个对不上即排除。 对象错位型 同一篇中专家、作者、受访者态度不同，选项常把甲的态度安到乙身上。 方·法·技·巧 看清设问对象 圈出题干里的人名与 toward 后的对象，回文只找这个人说的话。 只认原文情感词 褒贬由文中用词定，不凭常识替人物补情绪，也不把作者立场算进去。 中性不是冷漠 objective、neutral 与 unclear 不同；文中无明显褒贬时再考虑中性。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·B篇）Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you'll never be without something to read. 1. What is Trost's opinion about BART's future? A. It will close down.　　 B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide.　　 D. Its ridership will increase. 2.（模拟·2026 湖南阶段监测）At the end of the school year, Shafer gifted the paintings to the students as a parting gesture. The response was emotional. "It's truly unbelievable," one classmate said. Some classmates were touched, while others admitted they felt a deep regret for not staying connected or making more effort to include her. "We did have that friendship, and I didn't put forth the work to keep it," one student confessed. Another added, "All of us probably feel a little regret for not paying more attention." 2. How did Shafer's classmates feel after receiving the portraits? A. Jealous and anxious.　　 B. Moved and regretful. C. Indifferent and bored.　　 D. Angry and disappointed. 02 建议主张与作者态度 题干常见信号词：suggest、advocate、author's attitude、suggestion。 建议主张型 由研究结论反推当事人会怎么做；若文中先申明立场（如「支持多种树」），与立场相悖的选项先排除。 作者态度型 看首尾段评价性词语与转折后的落点；让步承认局限不等于否定。 研究结论型 问 major finding 或 conclusion，答案在结论句，不在实验过程或举例细节。 立场取舍型 选项常把「可能」说成「必然」，或把建议说成既成事实，须核对情态动词。 易·错·提·示 张冠李戴 把研究合作者的建议安到作者头上，或把受访者观点当成作者观点。 忽略让步 Although 后承认的局限只是让步，态度仍由主句的评价词定。 越界主张 原文只说「可能更差」，选项写成「必须停止」，属过度引申。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷·C篇）The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse.” 1. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees.　　 B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings.　　 D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 2.（模拟·2026 浙江名校联考）As a parent now, I reflect on how parents can prevent such issues. Brako-Owusu recommends encouraging open communication, avoiding favoritism, and creating space for siblings to bond. Even if a relationship can't be repaired now, it doesn't mean it never will. I hold on to the hope that someday my siblings and I may reconnect. 2. What is the author's attitude towards repairing her relationship with her siblings? A. Doubtful.　　 B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent.　　 D. Reserved. ►考点03 写作意图题：举例、引用与段落作用（3年6考） 这类题问的不是「这段写了什么」，而是「作者为什么写它」。答案往例子的前后找，不在例子里打转。三年 6 题，Why does the author mention...? 是高频句式。 01 举例、引用与数据的作用 题干常见信号词：mention、illustrate、explain、purpose。 举例目的 例子本身不是答案；往前（约八成）或往后找它所支撑的论点，再看选项是否回答「为什么写」。 引用目的 引语前后的评价句才是作者用意；只转述引语内容的选项多为干扰。 数据作用 数字用来说明程度、变化或对比，选项须点明所说明的对象，而非复述数值。 类比说明 拿熟悉事物比陌生道理，答案是「把……讲明白」，不是介绍该事物本身。 方·法·技·巧 往前找论点 锁定例子前一句或段首观点句，约八成例证题的依据在例子之前。 就事论事即错 只讨论例子本身、把例子内容换个说法的选项，先划掉。 对应功能词 to introduce 引入话题、to support / show 支撑观点、to compare 作比较，对号入座。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·D篇）Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 1. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling.　　 B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water.　　 D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 2.（模拟·2026 福建全国名校联盟期中）Certainly, the solution is not just to remove chains. Cities need wiser growth, protecting historic areas, reusing old buildings, and supporting local businesses. Projects like Shanghai's "New Columbia Circle" turned an old research site into a lively space that mixes history with modern use. This shows that community-led efforts, such as local markets and cultural networks, can also help towns build stronger, self-sufficient and diverse economies. 2. Why does the author mention Shanghai's "New Columbia Circle"? A. To show a model of an eco-friendly city.　　 B. To illustrate the concept of clone towns. C. To emphasize the role of local government.　　 D. To present an example of smart development. 02 实验设计与段落安排的目的 题干常见信号词：Why were...、present the issue、purpose、begin with。 实验目的 问「为何测某指标／设对照组」，答案在结论句里的排除性表述（rather than、suggesting that）。 开篇引入 首段提问、讲小故事或列现象，多为 to introduce the topic，不是全文结论。 手法判断 by comparing、by giving examples、by quoting 等选项，须回文核对实际用了哪种手法。 段落作用 末段常为总结或呼吁，中段常为过渡或补充证据，判断要看它与前后段的关系。 易·错·提·示 把过程当目的 「测了什么」不等于「为什么测」，目的在结论句而不在步骤句。 功能词错位 选项是 to introduce，原文却是举例支撑，须按实际手法对号。 只看段内 段落作用要看与前后段的承接，单看本段容易把引入误判为总结。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷·D篇）Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 1. Why were the participants' emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art.　　 B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks.　　 D. To determine factors behind the test results. 2.（模拟·2026 广东部分学校联考）There is a new type of camera that works in a way similar to human eyes, which may be very useful to astronomers. It can clearly show both extremely bright celestial bodies (天体) and not very bright objects in the same photo, and can also track fast-moving celestial bodies without motion-caused unclear images. 2. How does the author begin paragraph 1? A. By listing statistics.　　 B. By giving a definition. C. By describing a phenomenon.　　 D. By drawing a comparison. ►考点04 综合结论题：全篇寓意与结论（3年3考） 综合结论题要的是「读完以后能得出什么」，须整合首尾段与作者经历的落点。结论覆盖全篇，不能由某一段单独推出。三年 3 题，常以寓意、研究发现与标题式推断设问。 01 全篇寓意与经历启示 题干常见信号词：experience show、conclusion、learn about、major finding 经历启示型 把「起初以为」与「后来明白」对照，答案常是一个概括性说法或谚语，须与全文落点相合。 寓意型 由叙事结局抽道理，不能停在情节本身；与主旨无关的正确常识也要排除。 结论型 整合多段信息得一句结论，单个细节支撑不起全篇结论。 研究发现型 问 major finding，答案在研究结论句，方法与举例只是铺垫。 方·法·技·巧 抓转折落点 However、Nevertheless、In the end 之后常是作者真正要给的结论。 覆盖全篇 把首尾段与各段主题句连起来读，选项只对应某一段的多半偏窄。 常识不作证据 合乎情理却回文找不到对应经历的谚语或判断，一律排除。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·B篇）I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 1. What does the author's experience show? A. Teaching is learning.　　 B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power.　　 D. Practice makes perfect. 2.（模拟·2026 湖南阶段监测）A manufacturing senior from Waunakee Community High School in Wisconsin quietly closed out her high school years with a deeply personal gesture that moved the entire community. Molly Shafer, 18, spent hundreds of hours painting portraits of her classmates, many of whom she had barely spoken to in years, hoping to reconnect before parting ways for good. Shafer had once been outgoing in elementary and middle school, but as she entered high school, social anxiety made it harder for her to maintain friendships. A 2013 review in the Journal of Anxiety Disorders found that social anxiety often leads to a felt lack of connection, not necessarily because peers are rejecting the individual, but because anxiety can distort how social signals are interpreted. Classmates admitted they hadn't spoken to Shafer in years, nor had they hung out at all. But instead of withdrawing further, Shafer took it upon herself to reach out in an unusual way. She turned her garage loft into an art studio and committed to painting a portrait of every student she remembered from earlier school years. Working about four hours each day, she completed 44 paintings over 600 hours, averaging 13 hours per portrait. At the end of the school year, Shafer gifted the paintings to the students as a parting gesture. The response was emotional. "It's truly unbelievable," one classmate said. Some classmates were touched, while others admitted they felt a deep regret for not staying connected or making more effort to include her. "We did have that friendship, and I didn't put forth the work to keep it," one student confessed. Another added, "All of us probably feel a little regret for not paying more attention." For Shafer, the project was about healing herself and others. She hoped that by making herself vulnerable, her classmates might see her more clearly and reflect on their own assumptions. "You can't go through life thinking that you don't have friends because they don't like you, because that's not the case. People aren't thinking that hard about you. It's all in your head. You just have to try," she said. 2. What does Shafer's experience show? A. Silence is gold.　　 B. It's never too late to reach out. C. Others' opinions decide one's self-worth.　　 D. Anxiety stops people from making friends. 02 由全篇信息得结论与预测下文 题干常见信号词：learn about、concluded、discuss next、title。 状态结论 由设计初衷与后续变化共同判断「现在怎样」，勿把过去评价当成现状。 标题式推断 整合反复出现的话题词与全书所述范围，选兼顾对象与体例的标题。 预测下文 盯末段落点与末句悬念，下文不重复已讲完的内容（近三年未单独设题）。 范围核对 结论项若含 all、completely、nationwide 等绝对词，先回文核对范围。 易·错·提·示 以旧当新 文中 Though... 先给好评、后说已结束，误把好评当现状就选错。 以偏概全 标题式推断只取某个例子或某个术语，覆盖面不足。 重复已讲 预测下文接着讲已经充分展开的内容，是最常见的干扰方向。 1.（2025·全国Ⅱ卷·D篇）Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 1. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned.　　 B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity.　　 D. It is criticized by top chefs. 2.（模拟·2026 湖南阶段监测）Analytical reading is defined as a high-level cognitive skill and a reading strategy that serves the purpose of exploring more deeply to comprehend both the message and the purpose or ultimate goal of the text at hand. Whether you use analytical reading for school assignments, daily reading,or work, this skill is undoubtedly one of the most important for readers. The importance of analytical thinking in reading and writing has much deeper roots than you might expect. Reading analytically can help readers gain a deeper understanding of the text at hand, extract its core ideas, recognize its structural logic, and conduct critical analysis — thus drawing sound conclusions about it. Needless to say, this entire process has several benefits for those who make the effort to apply it to their reading sessions. For starters, it is a good way to make sure that you get the most rewarding reading experience. Another benefit of reading analytically is the fact that you will have much better comprehension and retention(记忆力) levels at the end of your reading session. Admittedly, the process does take time, so you will get through far fewer pages in the same time frame than you would with passive reading — but the value you extract from those pages will undeniably be much higher. The definition of analytical reading does mention that it is a high-level cognitive skill, but what does that actually mean? Well, it means that it can only be achieved by readers with a high degree of proficiency (熟练) in reading. And there is actually a causal relationship between reading proficiency and analytical reading skills: the only way to become a proficient reader is through practicing analytical reading, and the higher one's reading proficiency, the more accurate their analysis will be. 2. What topic will the author most likely discuss next in the text? A. Steps to develop analytical reading skills.　　 B. Challenges in practicing analytical reading. C. Examples of analytical reading in daily life.　　 D. Applications of analytical reading in different fields. ►考点05 文体出处题：语篇类型与读者对象（3年0考） 三年七套卷未单独设题，但各省市以及各校模拟卷常见。判体裁看结构与话题，不靠某一句话；先定文体，再选载体与受众。 01 文章出处与载体判断 题干常见信号词：What is the text、taken from、section、from which。 新闻报道 倒金字塔结构，首段概括全文，含时间、地点与最新事实，语言客观。 书评 / 序言 出现书名、作者、In this book、Readers will encounter 及对该书的评价。 科普 / 研究 术语密集，含研究对象、方法、数据与结论，常引研究者原话。 手册 / 广告 面向特定读者，多列条件、费用与联系方式，带劝诱或指引语气。 方·法·技·巧 先看结构 倒金字塔、总分总、书评式引述，比某个话题词更能定文体。 再找标记 I tell a story of...、Its author、Readers will... 一类元话语是书评与序言的硬标记。 排除优先 先划掉与文体明显不符的两项，再在剩余两项间比对覆盖范围。 1.（2020·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇）The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean(赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement. 1. What is the text? A. A news report.　　 B. A short story. C. A book review.　　 D. A research article. 2.（模拟·2025届海南期中）This past week, Sotheby's announced the auction in New York of Thomas Taylor's original watercolor illustration for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Published by Bloomsbury in 1997, the title kicked off the famous seven-book series. In a statement shared with NPR, the auction house said the artwork is expected to sell for $400,000 to $600,000—a record estimate for any Harry Potter-related material ever offered at auction. Taylor's illustration, which describes the boy with his trademark round glasses and scar boarding the train to Hogwarts from King's Cross Station's platform 9 3/4, was first offered at auction at Sotheby's in London in 2001, according to the statement. At that point, there were only four published Harry Potter books, yet Pottermania was already taking hold: the artwork sold for a then-record-breaking ￡85,750. 2. Where might this text appear? A. In a newspaper.　　 B. In a textbook. C. In Harry Potter books.　　 D. In a children's picture book. 02 书名、栏目与目标读者推断 题干常见信号词：title of the book、written for、section、audience。 书名推断 把反复出现的核心概念与全书的考察角度合并，标题须兼顾对象与体例。 栏目判断 按话题归入 Science、Culture、Opinion、Travel 等栏目，勿被个别细节带偏。 受众判断 看称谓、术语深浅与信息用途：写给家长、教师、乘客还是研究者。 边界核对 只覆盖某一段或某个例子的选项范围偏窄；超出全文话题的选项范围偏宽。 易·错·提·示 只取局部 把文中的某个数据或器物当成全书主题，标题必然以偏概全。 概念泛化 把具体研究对象偷换成更抽象的大词，看似深刻却脱离原文。 忽略体例 a history 与 a guide、a report 的体例不同，须看作者自述的写作范围。 1.（2026·全国Ⅱ卷·C篇）The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 1. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have　　 B. Sea Level: A History C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything　　 D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs 2.（模拟·2025 石家庄高三质量检测）We can create learning moments that students remember forever if we open up our classrooms to awe and wonder. Moving forward,let's do our best to build instances of awe into our curriculum (课程).So when our former students approach us on the subway years later,they will recall the magical moments from their days spent in our classes. 2. Who is the text intended for? A.Teachers.　　 B.High school graduates. C.Parents.　　 D.Psychology researchers. A 高考真题 （一） （2026·北京卷）Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. （二） （2025·全国一卷）While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? B 优秀模拟题 （一） （2027·郴州一模）An illustrated anthology (选集) of climate poetry co-created by pupils at coastal schools in the British Isles and the United Arab Emirates was formally presented to some of its young authors at a special event on a campus of the University of Exeter. At the event, several of the children read poems from the book to an invited audience. We Are The Ocean was developed by around 400 schoolchildren, aged 10-13. It features 12 poems written in English and Arabic that express their hopes, fears, and actions for the planet’s blue environments. “We Are The Ocean is a powerful appeal by the children to take better care of our blue environments,” says Dr Sally Flint from We Are The Possible, the international UK-UAE programme that has arranged the work. “They are the inheritors (继承人) of this planet, and through education, science and art, they have connected with the ocean and their fellow children to create a lasting heritage.” During the project, students from 14 schools in the two countries followed a weekly programme of learning activities, such as exploring the importance of seagrass ecosystems and capturing nature through art. Over the course of several weeks, the children shared work and connected with their international teammates through a specific online platform. They were also taken on field trips to their local seaside to learn in the natural environment. “The project provided our children with an invaluable opportunity to really think about other places around the world and our oceans,” said Demelza Bolton, Head Teacher of a participant school. “And the poetry anthology will stand as proof that the children can make their voices heard.” “Connecting with nature, science, art and stories has deepened children’s understanding of the ocean and what they value most,” adds Cecilia Mañosa Nyblon, Director of We Are The Possible. “Their words matter and they are calling on the adults to act now to safeguard the future of our planet.” 1．What do we know about the anthology We Are The Ocean? A．Its poems are written in two languages. B．Its readers are environmental experts. C．It is completed by university students. D．It focuses on land ecosystem protection. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Benefits of online platforms. B．Kids’ views on ocean protection. C．Cross-country field-trip sites. D．Project-related learning activities. 3．What can we infer from Demelza Bolton’s words? A．Kids’ voices deserve to be noticed. B．Teachers play a key role in the project. C．Ocean protection depends mainly on schools. D．Children should travel around the world more. 4．What is the text intended to do? A．To share kids’ creative poems about literature. B．To appeal to adults to stop polluting the ocean. C．To report a children’s climate-themed poetry project. D．To promote Exeter University’s environmental courses. （二） （2027·广东上进联考二模）At first, nobody in the expedition could see the whales. There was simply water blowing out of the sea in the distance and a faint sound on the wind. Our expedition leader announced over the loudspeakers: “There is a group of whales about a kilometer ahead, come out to have a look.” We had traveled to Greenland to see a total solar eclipse (日全食), making the group stand in awe as the moon hid the face of the sun with the sky growing dark during the day. I thought that would be the most astonishing thing I’d witnessed during the two-week voyage. But I was wrong. Since 2000, the population of baleen whales (须鲸) has exploded in eastern Greenland. This is because the ice that used to cover the coast, making it inaccessible to whales, has melted significantly, while at the same time the warmer water in the area has brought in considerable small fish consumed by baleen whales. That was precisely what we saw. As each whale neared the surface, it would first blow into the sky, then turn on its side, opening its mouth to take in water. The entire front part of the whale turned from a smooth triangular (三角形的) shape into a swelling, waving bag of seawater when it shut its mouth. The next part of this so-called lunge-feeding behaviour happened under water, where we couldn’t see it, but the water rushed out through the whale’s baleen, leaving the tiny creatures trapped inside. When I finally wandered down towards lunch — how strange to follow such an experience of nature’s great beauty with something as ordinary as a lunch-buffet — everyone I met was glassy-eyed, much as we had been in the moments after the eclipse. The expedition crew all said they had never seen anything like it. I spotted more than a few tears myself. You can bet that I will be back, even without a total solar eclipse to attract me north. 1．What is the original intention of the expedition? A．To do research. B．To explore a coast. C．To observe an eclipse. D．To study sea species. 2．What contributes to the increasing population of baleen whales? A．Fewer enemies and more food supply. B．Expanded habitats and adequate food. C．Lower temperature and warmer water. D．Decreased hunting and rising sea level. 3．What causes the author’s strange feeling on the way back? A．The ordinary food at the lunch buffet. B．The reactions of other crew members. C．The gap between the wonder and reality. D．The numbers of baleen whales in the area. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Lively Creature B．A Brave Expedition C．A Successful Project D．An Unexpected Sighting （三） （2027·浙江绍兴一模）You might tell your phone, “Siri, text mom,” or, “Alexa, play ‘Flowers’ by Miley Cyrus.” Voice commands are convenient — unless you’re at a noisy concert, in a quiet library, or you’re unable to use your voice. New AI-embedded eyeglass frames that read the wearer’s lips now offer a solution. The glasses, created by Zhang Ruidong, a research scientist at Google, are called EchoSpeech. When EchoSpeech is turned on, its speakers emit inaudible, high-pitched sounds. The sound waves ripple in every direction, and some travel around the user’s lips and mouth. When the users speak silently, their facial movements affect the paths of those sound waves, which in turn changes the echo patterns picked up by the microphones on the glasses. These echo patterns are then transmitted via Bluetooth to a smartphone, where an AI application developed by Zhang’s team analyzes them. To test this tech, 24 people took turns wearing the glasses, issuing silent commands while sitting or walking. During this testing, EchoSpeech’s prototype, or test version of the glasses, performed well in both cases. It delivered a 95 percent success rate, even in situations with loud background noises. The AI in EchoSpeech currently recognizes the echo patterns of 31 words or commands, such as “play” and “hey, Siri”. But those aren’t limits, Zhang says, and he thinks future versions could be trained to recognize a significantly larger vocabulary. If so, users could send personal text messages using silent speech. In a bustling restaurant, for example, users could speak quietly instead of shouting over the noise or typing their words. The technology would also enable people who have lost their voices to engage in face-to-face conversations by converting their facial movements into text in real time. EchoSpeech may also help recreate voices. People without voices often use text-to-voice programs that sound robotic, which Zhang notes “doesn’t have your emotion and your speech style.” He is now exploring whether EchoSpeech can reproduce a person’s own voice. “We’re trying to keep that information to get an actual living voice,” he says. 1．Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa? A．To recommend useful voice tools. B．To prove the popularity of smartphones. C．To introduce the limits of voice commands. D．To compare voice commands with the new tech. 2．What is the key to EchoSpeech’s operation? A．Microphones recording users’ voices. B．Facial motion altering sound wave paths. C．Speakers producing loud audible sounds. D．Echo patterns featuring brief commands. 3．What does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Tracking. B．Transforming. C．Restricting. D．Enhancing. 4．What can be learned about EchoSpeech’s future? A．It can create a larger vocabulary. B．It will replace texting ultimately. C．It may generate one’s own natural voice. D．It may help non-speakers restore speech. （四） （2026·广东东莞二模）My small backyard had been neglected for years with overgrown weeds and dry soil. Last summer, I determined to transform it: I bought seeds, soil, and basic tools, eager to start my gardening project. The first few weeks were disheartening. The seeds either failed to grow or were eaten by birds. I watered tirelessly every day, adjusted sunlight, and tended to them constantly, yet nothing grew. I was ready to quit, convinced I had no talent for gardening. One afternoon, my neighbor Mr. Henderson, who tended his roses daily, watched me and said gently: “You’re trying too hard. Plants need care, but also space to grow on their own.” His words made sense. I relaxed: watered less often, let rain do its part, and stopped overthinking. Soon, tiny green buds emerged. By August, my backyard bloomed with color and scent; I’d sit there evenings, tasting tea, amazed by their beauty. Then a storm hit — strong winds knocked over my sunflowers. Heartbroken, I planned to pull them up, but Mr. Henderson appeared again: “Don’t give up. The strongest plants survive storms — they’ll heal if you give them a chance.” Weeks later, those sunflowers stood taller and stronger, their golden heads turning to the sun. I realized gardening wasn’t just about growing plants. All things have their own rhythm of recovery; what we struggle to control often fails, while what we gently trust finds its way back to light. The world does not always bend to our hurry, and neither do the things we care for. Some winds are meant to strengthen us, not break us. This summer, I’ll plant more seeds, both in the garden and in my heart. Growth takes time, and even life’s hardest moments are our greatest teachers. 1．Why does the author think she has no talent for gardening? A．She didn’t know how to use tools. B．She worked hard caring for plants but in vain. C．She didn’t have a good taste for plants. D．She was slow in learning plant knowledge. 2．How did the author respond to Mr. Henderson’s advice? A．Let nature take its course. B．Stop watering the seeds. C．Ask him to look after her garden. D．Learn to enjoy the garden’s beauty. 3．Why are the sunflowers mentioned in the text? A．To present the risks of gardening. B．To highlight the delicacy of young plants. C．To illustrate the cruelty of natural disasters. D．To show the strength and energy of plants. 4．What can be inferred about the author? A．She never gives up when things get difficult. B．She believes success comes from effort and luck. C．She considers gardening the top priority in her life. D．She reshapes her gardening mindset in light of experiences. （五） （2026·山东二模）David Ogilvy was a British advertising pioneer, creative genius, and the founder of the famous company Ogilvy & Mather. Often called the “father of modern advertising”, Ogilvy completely changed the industry with his unique marketing approach based on the combination of art and science. Ogilvy was a big advocate of market research. He believed that understanding the customer was the key factor in any successful advertising campaign. So, marketers should treat consumers with respect and try to understand their psychology. Ogilvy studied consumer behavior carefully, allowing him to know what influenced purchasing decisions. Ogilvy believed that long copy — ads with more detailed information — often performed better than short ones. He argued that if consumers were interested in the product, they would read the entire ad. His famous Rolls-Royce campaign is a typical example: the ad featured a long copy description of the car’s quality, combined with a headline that read, ‘At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock.’ This approach contradicted the then-popular belief that people couldn’t focus on long and wouldn’t read long advertisements. Ogilvy’s success with long-copy ads proved that detailed information could also absorb consumers effectively. Ogilvy believed that every piece of advertising should strengthen a brand’s personality and reputation. He advised brands to focus on creating a unique, recognizable identity that distinguished them from competitors. For instance, his work for Dove introduced the idea of Dove being more than just soap, it became a symbol of beauty. Ogilvy believed that the most successful advertisements were built around a central, powerful idea that could excite the imagination of consumers. He famously said, ‘If it doesn’t sell, it isn’t creative,’ This means that creativity should not just be about aesthetics (美学); it should have a purpose — to boost sales and brand loyalty. Ogilvy stressed that advertising should get across how a product benefits consumers, rather than just listing its features. He argued that consumers cared more about what a product would do for them than its technical advantages. His famous ad for Rolls-Royce, for example, didn’t just list features of the car; it highlighted the experience and power that came with owning a Rolls-Royce. The benefit was clear: wealth and excellence. 1．What do we know about David Ogilvy? A．He proved to be a British art genius. B．He created the advertising industry. C．He initiated the modern advertising. D．He advocated integrating art into ads. 2．What is the basis for David’s marketing ideas? A．Consumers’ psychology. B．Products’ perfect quality. C．Consumers’ reading ability. D．Products’ design and image. 3．Which slogan of a product might David Ogilvy agree with? A．Rolls-Royce brings you speed and thrill. B．Rolls-Royce represents your perfection. C．Dove is full of pleasant smell and feeling. D．Dove is a soap making the washing easy. 4．What is the writing purpose of this text? A．To show David’s advertising principles. B．To persuade readers to learn from David. C．To emphasize David’s artistic potentials. D．To explain David’s great advertisements. （六） （2026·广西南宁二模）In economics, there is a well-known idea called “signaling.” It explains why people often take seemingly unnecessary or expensive actions just to send a clear message. A common example is a university degree. Some economists believe that a degree does not directly prove that you have job-related skills. Instead, the difficult process of getting it — going to classes, finishing homework, and passing exams — shows employers that you are disciplined, intelligent, and able to stick to long-term goals. However, in the digital age, signaling is facing a trouble defined as “cheap talk.” In the past, sending a reliable signal required real effort. Writing a letter by hand took time and care, and publishing a book needed strict review and professional support. These costs worked as filters (过滤器), making sure only valuable messages reached others. Today, things have changed greatly. Anyone can create a perfect life on social media or produce a good essay with AI in seconds. When signals are cheap and easy to make, they gradually lose their ability to tell real ability from false appearance. This drop in costly signals creates a widespread problem: “noise.” When everyone sends perfect, artificial messages at the same time, the result is chaos, and no one stands out. Employers receive thousands of similar, well-designed resumes. Consumers are flooded with overly positive five-star reviews that may be fake or produced by tools. In this situation, the future of trust is surprising: we may start valuing “costly” signals again. We may prefer experiences and efforts that are hard to copy: live shows instead of recorded ones, face-to-face interviews instead of online portfolios (作品), and natural talks instead of prepared speeches. In a world of artificial perfection, real, unpolished and difficult-to-copy human effort may become the new valuable quality. 1．What does a university degree signal to employers according to some economists? A．Important personal qualities. B．Relevant work experience. C．Job-specific technical skills. D．High academic performance. 2．Why does the author mention “cheap talk” in paragraph 2? A．To stress AI’s influence on modern industries. B．To advise people to reduce using social media. C．To prove cheap signals unable to show true ability. D．To encourage people to write more handwritten letters. 3．Which of the following may be valued in the future to build trust? A．Copying a ready-made product review. B．Over-polishing photos on social media. C．Creating resumes with AI in seconds. D．Making an unprepared speech. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of economic signaling. B．The changing situation of signaling. C．The use of digital tools on signaling. D．The practical value of academic signaling. （七） （2026·湖北黄冈二模）In Amsterdam’s picturesque Nine Streets neighborhood, a curious modern custom unfolds daily: Tourists stand in long, winding queues on historic bridges, holding €5.50 cones of fries (锥形纸筒装薯条) against gabled backgrounds for the perfect TikTok post. From the viral chips in Amsterdam to the hour-long waits for a slice at New York L’Industrie Pizza or the salt beef bagels at London Beigel Bake, travelers are now willing to sacrifice hours of their precious vacation time for trendy takes (食物的做法) on everyday foods. Psychologists suggest these lines are rarely about the food itself; they reveal how social media, status, and performance have fundamentally reshaped modern travel. A queue serves as a powerful psychological trigger, most notably through the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). As Rachel Herz, a specialist in human behavior, notes, seeing a crowd makes a “thing” seem more desirable. However, the nature of these queues has changed. Unlike the accidental discoveries of the past, these pilgrimages are calculated. Discoveries now happen on personalized social media feeds before a traveler even leaves home. This has turned travel into a form of public performance. Social media provides a stage for tourists to “perform their vacation”. By beautifully filming themselves in line or rating “viral foods”, travelers collect social capital, signaling to their peers that they are onto something special and culturally relevant. This cycle is strengthened by influencers and algorithms (算法). Researchers note followers often imitate ambitious behavior to show they belong to the same community, leading to repetitive travel patterns on a microscale. But this virality carries a heavy cost for local communities. When algorithms send millions of people to the same gelato shop in Rome or chip shop in Amsterdam, the result is a flood of noise, litter, and crowding. In Amsterdam, the opposition is growing; residents are even taking legal action to limit tourist numbers, arguing that overtourism has lowered their quality of life. For them, a viral fry cone is not a photo opportunity, but a threat to their neighborhood’s survival. Despite these local tensions, the crowds rarely discourage visitors. To a modern traveler, a long line provides the confidence that they are doing the “right thing”. For many, the hour spent waiting in the queue has become just as meaningful — and just as shareable — as the meal itself. 1．Why does the author mention expensive fries and long waits? A．To compare street food prices. B．To show street food is overprice. C．To prove the locals enjoy these foods. D．To criticize sacrificing vacation time for trendy foods. 2．What does the word “pilgrimages” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Journeys to holy places. B．Visits to local communities. C．Accidental discoveries during travel. D．Highly planned trips to popular spots. 3．What is the author’s attitude to residents’ legal action? A．Supportive but reserved. B．Neutral but concerned. C．Critical and disapproving. D．Doubtful and Confused. 4．What is the author’s main purpose? A．To criticize queuing tourists. B．To urge limiting tourist numbers. C．To explain social media’s impact on travel. D．To recommend best street food in three cities. （八） （2026·湖北武汉二模）Over the past ten years or so, investigations of ancient DNA have skyrocketed. However, as the pace of ancient DNA research has increased, so, too, have problems with data archiving (归档). Often, only some of the data obtained in any one study are uploaded to publicly available databases. Furthermore, the associated metadata — information on the age of the sample, where it was found, how the DNA was gathered and chemically treated, and so on — are frequently inaccurate or incomplete. Here, we set out the nature of these two problems. Earlier this year, some experts assessed what data had been uploaded into publicly accessible databases by the authors of 42 studies of ancient DNA published in the journals Nature, Science and Cell between 2021 and 2023. In about half of the papers, researchers archived only those sequences (基因序列) that they had managed to match a reference genome (参考基因组), leaving no record of the unmatched sequences. This represents a permanent loss of data for more than 3,000 ancient samples analysed in just these studies. It might seem that any sequence that does not map to the reference genome is irrelevant. But improvements in computational methods and more complete reference genomes could enable researchers to match such sequences in the future. Also, even if some of the unmatched sequences are not from the species of interest, they could be among the most interesting in the data set, especially if they originated from disease-causing microorganisms that infected the host. The study of ancient microorganisms has become a field in its own right, and is transforming our understanding of the history of many infectious diseases. Until 2015, for instance, historians thought that plague, a disease known for its high infectivity, emerged as a significant human disease only around 1,500 years ago. Analyses of unmatched sequences from ancient human remains have revealed, however, that outbreaks of plague were occurring 5,000 years ago. Researchers have likewise used studies of unmatched sequences gathered from human remains to clarify the evolutionary history of other infectious agents. 1．What problem results from the archiving practice described in paragraph 2? A．Data loss. B．Chaotic data. C．Inaccessible databases. D．Insufficient reference genomes. 2．How does the author develop paragraph 3? A．By describing a process step by step. B．By challenging a common assumption. C．By comparing two different methods. D．By summarizing the main findings. 3．Why are “plague” and other infectious agents mentioned in the passage? A．To classify deadly diseases in history. B．To track the evolution of microorganisms. C．To provide new insights into disease outbreak. D．To illustrate the value of unmatched sequences. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraphs? A．Problems with metadata. B．Sequencing techniques. C．Examples of matched sequences. D．History of data archiving. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型05 阅读理解推理判断题 目 录 模块一 题型解码 模块二 考点突破 考点01 隐含意义题：由字面推言外之意 考点02 观点态度题：谁的态度与什么主张 考点03 写作意图题：举例、引用与段落作用 考点04 综合结论题：全篇寓意与结论 考点05 文体出处题：语篇类型与读者对象 模块三 综合演练 2024—2026 年七套高考英语试卷的阅读理解第一节共 105 题，其中推理判断题 29 题，占 27.6%，仅次于细节理解题，三年里 2025 年占比最高（36.7%），设问重心从「信息是否在文中」转向「依据文中信息能推到哪一步」。推断须以原文为据，止于原文所允许的范围。 年份 试卷与阅读题量 推理判断题量（占比） 2024 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，全国甲卷，45 题 10 题（22.2%） 2025 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 11 题（36.7%） 2026 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 8 题（26.7%） 三年合计 7 套，105 题 29 题（27.6%） 考点 解题要点 题型解读 隐含意义题（3年12考） 按题干关键词回文定位，读懂字面义后作一步正向或逆向推理；正确项与原文同义而非照搬，须核对是否落在原文信息覆盖范围内。 占比最高。infer、imply、conclude、learn about 为常设信号，答案多在转折句、结论句与举例前后；过度引申、主观臆断是主要失分。 观点态度题（3年8考） 先判问「谁」的态度，再从主题句、情感词、人物原话与行为事实取据；并列形容词须逐个核验，褒贬由文中用词定。 opinion、attitude、feel about、suggest、advocate 常设问。专家观点与作者态度易混，把甲的态度安到乙身上属高频干扰。 写作意图题（3年6考） 立足题干所指段落，看该例、该数据、该引语支撑的是前一句还是后一句论点；答案多为「为证明／引入／说明某观点」。 Why does the author mention...? 是三年高频句式。选项只讨论例子本身即「就事论事」；另有开篇引入、作比较等手法题。 综合结论题（3年3考） 整合首尾段与各段主题句，把分散信息合成一句结论，再与全文主旨、作者经历落点核对，不以某一段代全篇。 What does the author’s experience show?、major finding、标题式推断皆属此类；选项多用绝对化措辞或范围失当设错。 文体出处题（3年0考） 由话题、术语密度与行文结构判体裁，再选载体；倒金字塔多为新闻，书评常有书名与作者评价，受众判断看称谓与信息用途。 三年七套卷未单独设题，但各省市以及各校模拟卷常见，宜作低频防身准备。 ►考点01 隐含意义题：由字面推言外之意（3年12考） 隐含意义题问的是字里行间没有直说、却由原文可以推出的意思。它不考读得快，考推得准——推理只走一步，起点与落点都要在原文找得到依据。三年 12 题，是推理判断题的主体。 01 言外之意与同义改写 题干常见信号词：infer、imply、conclude、learn about。 正向推理型 由事实、数据或行为按常理往前推一步，答案是该信息的合理概括，不是原文照抄。 逆向推理型 原文说 A 如此，题干问「若非 A」会怎样，须从反面取意，常见于 although 之后。 同义改写型 选项把定位句换词、换句式或换语态，意思不变；与原文字面越像越要警惕。 转折取意型 答案常落在 but、however、yet、rather than 之后，前半句多为铺垫或让步。 方·法·技·巧 定位再推断 圈题干实词回文找到那一句，先看字面义再往前推一步，不拿整篇文章去猜。 原文不是答案 一字不差复述原文的项多为陷阱；正确项与原文同义，却是转了个弯的说法。 守住边界 不掺个人经验，不把可能推成必然；含 only、never、completely 的选项先打问号。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·C篇）BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports.　　 B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.　　 D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 【答案】D 【解析】隐含意义题。定位 "About half walk or bike to work ... limiting garbage cans"（步行骑车上班、限制垃圾桶、不用一次性塑料），三处行为合成环保意识。A 把步行曲解为爱运动，就事论事；B 扩为社区服务，以偏概全；C 原文无据，无中生有。故选 D。 2.（模拟·2026 江苏盐城四校质检（一））"The changes in her work's form between movement and stillness are projections of conceptual unrest," said Su Dan, the artistic director of Hand of Wisdom, observing Hua's shift since her return. "She has long engaged with Chinese traditional materials and been constantly thinking. Works created in such a state of reflection become models of design philosophy: They are short-lived, yet everlasting." 2.What does Su Dan imply about Hua Yong? A. She underwent life unrest in Paris.　　 B. She deserted wood craft traditions. C. Her works turn out the best models.　　 D. Her works convey a consistent idea. 【答案】D 【解析】隐含意义题。定位 "Works created in such a state of reflection ... short-lived"（沉思中创作的作品短暂），可见其一贯理念。A 把作品形式之变错安为巴黎生活动荡，张冠李戴；B 与 long engaged with traditions 相悖，反读；C 把 models 偷换为最好的模型，绝对化。故选 D。 02 逻辑关系与结果推断 题干常见信号词：inferred about、Why、led to、probably。 因果推断 由 because、since、so、led to 等前后句判原因或结果，先看清题干问的是因还是果。 条件推断 原文以 if、unless、when 限定范围，选项抽掉条件即把结论扩大。 结果推断 由 Although A, B 一类让步句判断实际结局，重心在主句而非让步从句。 对比推断 由 more than、rather than、instead of 判断取舍，选项常把两者颠倒。 易·错·提·示 只取半句 让步句重心在主句，只盯 Although 从句会得出相反结论。 因果倒置 原文「因 A 致 B」，选项写成「因 B 致 A」，须回文核对方向。 以偏概全 某一个数据只说明该对象，不可直接扩成整体趋势。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·C篇）Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. 1. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars.　　 B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support.　　 D. They advocated building new parks. 【答案】B 【解析】逻辑推断题。定位 "Although these campaigns were widespread, the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car"（运动虽广，城市仍围绕汽车重构），让步句重心在主句，可见收效甚微。A 因果倒置；C 无中生有；D 把别处运动的目的套来，张冠李戴。故选 B。 2.（模拟·2026 天星原创）Mark Zuckerberg believes AI-generated content is the future of social media. While some experts think AI slop will be filtered out over time, social media data suggests the opposite. More than 30% of content seen on social media now comes from the accounts users don't follow, up from 8% in 2021. Although Zuckerberg once focused on “meaningful social interactions”, it's now clear that AI-generated posts will keep increasing, shaping the future of online content. 2. What can be inferred about the future of AI-generated content? A. Tech companies will support AI-generated posts.　　 B. Governments will pass laws to get rid of AI content. C. Its influence on social media platforms will continue growing.　　 D. It will gradually disappear as users learn to remove careless content. 【答案】C 【解析】逻辑推断题。定位 "social media data suggests the opposite"（数据表明相反）与 "AI-generated posts will keep increasing"（将持续增加），两处相承，指向影响继续扩大。A 把平台仍在推送夸为支持，无中生有；B 立法未提，无据引申；D 与原文相反，因果倒置。故选 C。 ►考点02 观点态度题：谁的态度与什么主张（3年8考） 这类题不要求你同意作者，只要求你认出作者或文中人物说了什么、用什么词说。先分清问的是谁，再找情感词与人物原话。三年 8 题，多集中在人物访谈、专家引语与研究发现处。 01 人物观点与情感倾向 题干常见信号词：opinion、feel about、attitude、best describes。 人物观点型 题干问 What is X's opinion about...?，答案在 X 的直接引语或转述句，勿混入作者看法。 情感倾向型 由形容词、副词与动作描写判褒贬，favorable、dismissive、doubtful 一类选项须逐一对应。 特征匹配型 选项多为形容词，先找行为事实再选词；and/but 连两个形容词时，有一个对不上即排除。 对象错位型 同一篇中专家、作者、受访者态度不同，选项常把甲的态度安到乙身上。 方·法·技·巧 看清设问对象 圈出题干里的人名与 toward 后的对象，回文只找这个人说的话。 只认原文情感词 褒贬由文中用词定，不凭常识替人物补情绪，也不把作者立场算进去。 中性不是冷漠 objective、neutral 与 unclear 不同；文中无明显褒贬时再考虑中性。 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·B篇）Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you'll never be without something to read. 1. What is Trost's opinion about BART's future? A. It will close down.　　 B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide.　　 D. Its ridership will increase. 【答案】D 【解析】人物观点题，问 Trost 而非作者。定位其原话 "I absolutely think we will get more riders"（我确信会迎来更多乘客），more riders 与 ridership will increase 同义。C 推为全国扩展，过度推断；A、B 与其乐观语气相悖且原文未提，无中生有。故选 D。 2.（模拟·2026 湖南阶段监测）At the end of the school year, Shafer gifted the paintings to the students as a parting gesture. The response was emotional. "It's truly unbelievable," one classmate said. Some classmates were touched, while others admitted they felt a deep regret for not staying connected or making more effort to include her. "We did have that friendship, and I didn't put forth the work to keep it," one student confessed. Another added, "All of us probably feel a little regret for not paying more attention." 2. How did Shafer's classmates feel after receiving the portraits? A. Jealous and anxious.　　 B. Moved and regretful. C. Indifferent and bored.　　 D. Angry and disappointed. 【答案】B 【解析】人物情感题，问文中同学。定位 "Some classmates were touched, while others ... felt a deep regret"（有人感动，有人深感遗憾），touched、regret 对应 Moved、regretful。A 的 anxious 是 Shafer 本人，张冠李戴；C 与 emotional 相反，反读；D 原文未出现，无中生有。故选 B。 02 建议主张与作者态度 题干常见信号词：suggest、advocate、author's attitude、suggestion。 建议主张型 由研究结论反推当事人会怎么做；若文中先申明立场（如「支持多种树」），与立场相悖的选项先排除。 作者态度型 看首尾段评价性词语与转折后的落点；让步承认局限不等于否定。 研究结论型 问 major finding 或 conclusion，答案在结论句，不在实验过程或举例细节。 立场取舍型 选项常把「可能」说成「必然」，或把建议说成既成事实，须核对情态动词。 易·错·提·示 张冠李戴 把研究合作者的建议安到作者头上，或把受访者观点当成作者观点。 忽略让步 Although 后承认的局限只是让步，态度仍由主句的评价词定。 越界主张 原文只说「可能更差」，选项写成「必须停止」，属过度引申。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷·C篇）The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse.” 1. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees.　　 B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings.　　 D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 【答案】C 【解析】建议主张题。定位 "if the city maintains past species patterns"（若沿用过去树种格局）污染将升，而其又申明 "We are all for planting more trees"（完全赞成多种树），可见主张调整新栽树种。A、B 与其主张相反，反读；D 无中生有。故选 C。 2.（模拟·2026 浙江名校联考）As a parent now, I reflect on how parents can prevent such issues. Brako-Owusu recommends encouraging open communication, avoiding favoritism, and creating space for siblings to bond. Even if a relationship can't be repaired now, it doesn't mean it never will. I hold on to the hope that someday my siblings and I may reconnect. 2. What is the author's attitude towards repairing her relationship with her siblings? A. Doubtful.　　 B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent.　　 D. Reserved. 【答案】B 【解析】作者态度题。定位 "I hold on to the hope that someday my siblings and I may reconnect"（仍盼有朝一日重修旧好），双重否定加 hope 直抒期待。A 与心怀希望相反，反读；C 与通篇反思相悖；D 把直白期待判为保留，过度推断。故选 B。 ►考点03 写作意图题：举例、引用与段落作用（3年6考） 这类题问的不是「这段写了什么」，而是「作者为什么写它」。答案往例子的前后找，不在例子里打转。三年 6 题，Why does the author mention...? 是高频句式。 01 举例、引用与数据的作用 题干常见信号词：mention、illustrate、explain、purpose。 举例目的 例子本身不是答案；往前（约八成）或往后找它所支撑的论点，再看选项是否回答「为什么写」。 引用目的 引语前后的评价句才是作者用意；只转述引语内容的选项多为干扰。 数据作用 数字用来说明程度、变化或对比，选项须点明所说明的对象，而非复述数值。 类比说明 拿熟悉事物比陌生道理，答案是「把……讲明白」，不是介绍该事物本身。 方·法·技·巧 往前找论点 锁定例子前一句或段首观点句，约八成例证题的依据在例子之前。 就事论事即错 只讨论例子本身、把例子内容换个说法的选项，先划掉。 对应功能词 to introduce 引入话题、to support / show 支撑观点、to compare 作比较，对号入座。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·D篇）Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 1. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling.　　 B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water.　　 D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 【答案】B 【解析】举例作用题。定位其前论点 "a task that is becoming increasingly difficult"（任务愈发艰巨）与 "Even bottled water ... 10 to 1,000 times more"（连瓶装水也高出千倍），例证题须在例子前后找论点。A、C、D 都停在例子本身，就事论事。故选 B。 2.（模拟·2026 福建全国名校联盟期中）Certainly, the solution is not just to remove chains. Cities need wiser growth, protecting historic areas, reusing old buildings, and supporting local businesses. Projects like Shanghai's "New Columbia Circle" turned an old research site into a lively space that mixes history with modern use. This shows that community-led efforts, such as local markets and cultural networks, can also help towns build stronger, self-sufficient and diverse economies. 2. Why does the author mention Shanghai's "New Columbia Circle"? A. To show a model of an eco-friendly city.　　 B. To illustrate the concept of clone towns. C. To emphasize the role of local government.　　 D. To present an example of smart development. 【答案】D 【解析】举例作用题。定位论点 "Cities need wiser growth, protecting historic areas, reusing old buildings"（城市需更明智发展）与其后 Projects like 引出的案例，例子服务于前面论点。A 曲解为生态城市，张冠李戴；B 与论点相悖；C 原文只提 community-led，无中生有。故选 D。 02 实验设计与段落安排的目的 题干常见信号词：Why were...、present the issue、purpose、begin with。 实验目的 问「为何测某指标／设对照组」，答案在结论句里的排除性表述（rather than、suggesting that）。 开篇引入 首段提问、讲小故事或列现象，多为 to introduce the topic，不是全文结论。 手法判断 by comparing、by giving examples、by quoting 等选项，须回文核对实际用了哪种手法。 段落作用 末段常为总结或呼吁，中段常为过渡或补充证据，判断要看它与前后段的关系。 易·错·提·示 把过程当目的 「测了什么」不等于「为什么测」，目的在结论句而不在步骤句。 功能词错位 选项是 to introduce，原文却是举例支撑，须按实际手法对号。 只看段内 段落作用要看与前后段的承接，单看本段容易把引入误判为总结。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷·D篇）Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 1. Why were the participants' emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art.　　 B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks.　　 D. To determine factors behind the test results. 【答案】D 【解析】实验设计目的题。定位末句 "it was the engagement with beauty ... rather than any overall positivity"（起作用的是对美的投入，而非整体积极情绪），测情绪为排除替代解释、锁定真实成因。A、C 把测量本身当目的，就事论事；B 因果颠倒。故选 D。 2.（模拟·2026 广东部分学校联考）There is a new type of camera that works in a way similar to human eyes, which may be very useful to astronomers. It can clearly show both extremely bright celestial bodies (天体) and not very bright objects in the same photo, and can also track fast-moving celestial bodies without motion-caused unclear images. 2. How does the author begin paragraph 1? A. By listing statistics.　　 B. By giving a definition. C. By describing a phenomenon.　　 D. By drawing a comparison. 【答案】D 【解析】写作手法题。定位首句 "a new type of camera that works in a way similar to human eyes"（新相机工作方式与人眼相似），以类比引出对象。A 首段并无数据，张冠李戴；B 未下严格定义，就事论事；C 未铺陈现象，以偏概全。故选 D。 ►考点04 综合结论题：全篇寓意与结论（3年3考） 综合结论题要的是「读完以后能得出什么」，须整合首尾段与作者经历的落点。结论覆盖全篇，不能由某一段单独推出。三年 3 题，常以寓意、研究发现与标题式推断设问。 01 全篇寓意与经历启示 题干常见信号词：experience show、conclusion、learn about、major finding 经历启示型 把「起初以为」与「后来明白」对照，答案常是一个概括性说法或谚语，须与全文落点相合。 寓意型 由叙事结局抽道理，不能停在情节本身；与主旨无关的正确常识也要排除。 结论型 整合多段信息得一句结论，单个细节支撑不起全篇结论。 研究发现型 问 major finding，答案在研究结论句，方法与举例只是铺垫。 方·法·技·巧 抓转折落点 However、Nevertheless、In the end 之后常是作者真正要给的结论。 覆盖全篇 把首尾段与各段主题句连起来读，选项只对应某一段的多半偏窄。 常识不作证据 合乎情理却回文找不到对应经历的谚语或判断，一律排除。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·B篇）I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 1. What does the author's experience show? A. Teaching is learning.　　 B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power.　　 D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】A 【解析】经历启示题。定位 "I walked into class believing that writing is important ... However, my students demonstrated something more important"（原以为写作重在交流，学生却让我看到更重要的东西），可见教学相长。B、C、D 虽是常理谚语，但原文无对应经历，无中生有。故选 A。 2.（模拟·2026 湖南阶段监测）A manufacturing senior from Waunakee Community High School in Wisconsin quietly closed out her high school years with a deeply personal gesture that moved the entire community. Molly Shafer, 18, spent hundreds of hours painting portraits of her classmates, many of whom she had barely spoken to in years, hoping to reconnect before parting ways for good. Shafer had once been outgoing in elementary and middle school, but as she entered high school, social anxiety made it harder for her to maintain friendships. A 2013 review in the Journal of Anxiety Disorders found that social anxiety often leads to a felt lack of connection, not necessarily because peers are rejecting the individual, but because anxiety can distort how social signals are interpreted. Classmates admitted they hadn't spoken to Shafer in years, nor had they hung out at all. But instead of withdrawing further, Shafer took it upon herself to reach out in an unusual way. She turned her garage loft into an art studio and committed to painting a portrait of every student she remembered from earlier school years. Working about four hours each day, she completed 44 paintings over 600 hours, averaging 13 hours per portrait. At the end of the school year, Shafer gifted the paintings to the students as a parting gesture. The response was emotional. "It's truly unbelievable," one classmate said. Some classmates were touched, while others admitted they felt a deep regret for not staying connected or making more effort to include her. "We did have that friendship, and I didn't put forth the work to keep it," one student confessed. Another added, "All of us probably feel a little regret for not paying more attention." For Shafer, the project was about healing herself and others. She hoped that by making herself vulnerable, her classmates might see her more clearly and reflect on their own assumptions. "You can't go through life thinking that you don't have friends because they don't like you, because that's not the case. People aren't thinking that hard about you. It's all in your head. You just have to try," she said. 2. What does Shafer's experience show? A. Silence is gold.　　 B. It's never too late to reach out. C. Others' opinions decide one's self-worth.　　 D. Anxiety stops people from making friends. 【答案】B 【解析】全篇寓意题。定位 "It is all in your head. You just have to try"（一切只在你的想法，你得去尝试）与她主动为同学画像的经历，可见主动伸手永远不晚。A 与主动破冰相反，反读；C 正是她要否定的想法；D 与经历相悖。故选 B。 02 由全篇信息得结论与预测下文 题干常见信号词：learn about、concluded、discuss next、title。 状态结论 由设计初衷与后续变化共同判断「现在怎样」，勿把过去评价当成现状。 标题式推断 整合反复出现的话题词与全书所述范围，选兼顾对象与体例的标题。 预测下文 盯末段落点与末句悬念，下文不重复已讲完的内容（近三年未单独设题）。 范围核对 结论项若含 all、completely、nationwide 等绝对词，先回文核对范围。 易·错·提·示 以旧当新 文中 Though... 先给好评、后说已结束，误把好评当现状就选错。 以偏概全 标题式推断只取某个例子或某个术语，覆盖面不足。 重复已讲 预测下文接着讲已经充分展开的内容，是最常见的干扰方向。 1.（2025·全国Ⅱ卷·D篇）Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 1. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned.　　 B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity.　　 D. It is criticized by top chefs. 【答案】A 【解析】隐含结论题。定位 "designed from the start as a short-lived experiment"（一开始即设计为短期实验）与 "has since returned to its regular menu"（此后已恢复常规菜单），可见按原计划结束。B、D 无中生有；C 把好评误读为再度走红，张冠李戴。故选 A。 2.（模拟·2026 湖南阶段监测）Analytical reading is defined as a high-level cognitive skill and a reading strategy that serves the purpose of exploring more deeply to comprehend both the message and the purpose or ultimate goal of the text at hand. Whether you use analytical reading for school assignments, daily reading,or work, this skill is undoubtedly one of the most important for readers. The importance of analytical thinking in reading and writing has much deeper roots than you might expect. Reading analytically can help readers gain a deeper understanding of the text at hand, extract its core ideas, recognize its structural logic, and conduct critical analysis — thus drawing sound conclusions about it. Needless to say, this entire process has several benefits for those who make the effort to apply it to their reading sessions. For starters, it is a good way to make sure that you get the most rewarding reading experience. Another benefit of reading analytically is the fact that you will have much better comprehension and retention(记忆力) levels at the end of your reading session. Admittedly, the process does take time, so you will get through far fewer pages in the same time frame than you would with passive reading — but the value you extract from those pages will undeniably be much higher. The definition of analytical reading does mention that it is a high-level cognitive skill, but what does that actually mean? Well, it means that it can only be achieved by readers with a high degree of proficiency (熟练) in reading. And there is actually a causal relationship between reading proficiency and analytical reading skills: the only way to become a proficient reader is through practicing analytical reading, and the higher one's reading proficiency, the more accurate their analysis will be. 2. What topic will the author most likely discuss next in the text? A. Steps to develop analytical reading skills.　　 B. Challenges in practicing analytical reading. C. Examples of analytical reading in daily life.　　 D. Applications of analytical reading in different fields. 【答案】A 【解析】预测下文题。全文依次为定义、重要性、益处，末段落到 "the only way is through practicing"（唯一途径是练习），按行文惯性下一步当谈如何培养。B 仅由 takes time 顺带一提，非重心；C、D 上文无铺垫，无据引申。故选 A。 ►考点05 文体出处题：语篇类型与读者对象（3年0考） 三年七套卷未单独设题，但各省市以及各校模拟卷常见。判体裁看结构与话题，不靠某一句话；先定文体，再选载体与受众。 01 文章出处与载体判断 题干常见信号词：What is the text、taken from、section、from which。 新闻报道 倒金字塔结构，首段概括全文，含时间、地点与最新事实，语言客观。 书评 / 序言 出现书名、作者、In this book、Readers will encounter 及对该书的评价。 科普 / 研究 术语密集，含研究对象、方法、数据与结论，常引研究者原话。 手册 / 广告 面向特定读者，多列条件、费用与联系方式，带劝诱或指引语气。 方·法·技·巧 先看结构 倒金字塔、总分总、书评式引述，比某个话题词更能定文体。 再找标记 I tell a story of...、Its author、Readers will... 一类元话语是书评与序言的硬标记。 排除优先 先划掉与文体明显不符的两项，再在剩余两项间比对覆盖范围。 1.（2020·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇）The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean(赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement. 1. What is the text? A. A news report.　　 B. A short story. C. A book review.　　 D. A research article. 【答案】C 【解析】文体题。定位 a book、Its author、In this book、Readers will encounter 等书评硬标记，全文围绕一本书的内容与价值展开。A 无倒金字塔与时效信息；B 以评述而非事件为线；D 无研究方法与数据，均属体例误判。故选 C。 2.（模拟·2025届海南期中）This past week, Sotheby's announced the auction in New York of Thomas Taylor's original watercolor illustration for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Published by Bloomsbury in 1997, the title kicked off the famous seven-book series. In a statement shared with NPR, the auction house said the artwork is expected to sell for $400,000 to $600,000—a record estimate for any Harry Potter-related material ever offered at auction. Taylor's illustration, which describes the boy with his trademark round glasses and scar boarding the train to Hogwarts from King's Cross Station's platform 9 3/4, was first offered at auction at Sotheby's in London in 2001, according to the statement. At that point, there were only four published Harry Potter books, yet Pottermania was already taking hold: the artwork sold for a then-record-breaking ￡85,750. 2. Where might this text appear? A. In a newspaper.　　 B. In a textbook. C. In Harry Potter books.　　 D. In a children's picture book. 【答案】A 【解析】出处题。定位 "Sotheby announced the auction ... In a statement shared with NPR"（苏富比宣布拍卖、向 NPR 提供声明）与估价数字，均为新闻笔法。B 无讲解练习体例；C 把报道对象误作载体，张冠李戴；D 与拍卖行情不符，无据引申。故选 A。 02 书名、栏目与目标读者推断 题干常见信号词：title of the book、written for、section、audience。 书名推断 把反复出现的核心概念与全书的考察角度合并，标题须兼顾对象与体例。 栏目判断 按话题归入 Science、Culture、Opinion、Travel 等栏目，勿被个别细节带偏。 受众判断 看称谓、术语深浅与信息用途：写给家长、教师、乘客还是研究者。 边界核对 只覆盖某一段或某个例子的选项范围偏窄；超出全文话题的选项范围偏宽。 易·错·提·示 只取局部 把文中的某个数据或器物当成全书主题，标题必然以偏概全。 概念泛化 把具体研究对象偷换成更抽象的大词，看似深刻却脱离原文。 忽略体例 a history 与 a guide、a report 的体例不同，须看作者自述的写作范围。 1.（2026·全国Ⅱ卷·C篇）The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 1. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have　　 B. Sea Level: A History C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything　　 D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs 【答案】B 【解析】书名题。定位 "I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level"（考察平均海平面史上的三个关键阶段），对象与体例兼顾。C 泛化为零的意义，脱离原文；A 测高仪、D 山川海洋只取局部，以偏概全。故选 B。 2.（模拟·2025 石家庄高三质量检测）We can create learning moments that students remember forever if we open up our classrooms to awe and wonder. Moving forward,let's do our best to build instances of awe into our curriculum (课程).So when our former students approach us on the subway years later,they will recall the magical moments from their days spent in our classes. 2. Who is the text intended for? A.Teachers.　　 B.High school graduates. C.Parents.　　 D.Psychology researchers. 【答案】A 【解析】读者对象题。定位 "if we open up our classrooms" 与 "our former students ... in our classes"（我们的课堂、我们以前的学生），三处 our 均指教师。B 只是作者回忆中的身份，张冠李戴；C、D 全文未作呼吁对象，无中生有。故选 A。 A 高考真题 （一） （2026·北京卷）Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍气候变化与生物多样性减少正在改变地球上的自然气味，甚至导致其消失，这种气味景观的改变不仅影响自然环境，还会造成文化、精神层面的损失。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(这种影响不仅限于森林。积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可知，作者在论述完气温对森林气味的影响后，提到积雪是为了进一步证明“气温变化会改变气味”这一观点。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history.(尽管气候变化危及粮食获取等其他珍贵资源，但它同样关乎文化认同、文化存续与历史传承。)”并结合前文自然气味消失的内容可知，地球自然气味的消失也是一种文化损失。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment.(随着气温升高，人造物质释放出更多的气味分子，而由气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失则威胁着那些为环境增添香气的植物。)”以及第三段中的“Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可推知，森林气味和积雪气味发生改变的根本原因都是气候变暖、气温升高，二者成因一致。 （二） （2025·全国一卷）While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 B 优秀模拟题 （一） （2027·郴州一模）An illustrated anthology (选集) of climate poetry co-created by pupils at coastal schools in the British Isles and the United Arab Emirates was formally presented to some of its young authors at a special event on a campus of the University of Exeter. At the event, several of the children read poems from the book to an invited audience. We Are The Ocean was developed by around 400 schoolchildren, aged 10-13. It features 12 poems written in English and Arabic that express their hopes, fears, and actions for the planet’s blue environments. “We Are The Ocean is a powerful appeal by the children to take better care of our blue environments,” says Dr Sally Flint from We Are The Possible, the international UK-UAE programme that has arranged the work. “They are the inheritors (继承人) of this planet, and through education, science and art, they have connected with the ocean and their fellow children to create a lasting heritage.” During the project, students from 14 schools in the two countries followed a weekly programme of learning activities, such as exploring the importance of seagrass ecosystems and capturing nature through art. Over the course of several weeks, the children shared work and connected with their international teammates through a specific online platform. They were also taken on field trips to their local seaside to learn in the natural environment. “The project provided our children with an invaluable opportunity to really think about other places around the world and our oceans,” said Demelza Bolton, Head Teacher of a participant school. “And the poetry anthology will stand as proof that the children can make their voices heard.” “Connecting with nature, science, art and stories has deepened children’s understanding of the ocean and what they value most,” adds Cecilia Mañosa Nyblon, Director of We Are The Possible. “Their words matter and they are calling on the adults to act now to safeguard the future of our planet.” 1．What do we know about the anthology We Are The Ocean? A．Its poems are written in two languages. B．Its readers are environmental experts. C．It is completed by university students. D．It focuses on land ecosystem protection. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Benefits of online platforms. B．Kids’ views on ocean protection. C．Cross-country field-trip sites. D．Project-related learning activities. 3．What can we infer from Demelza Bolton’s words? A．Kids’ voices deserve to be noticed. B．Teachers play a key role in the project. C．Ocean protection depends mainly on schools. D．Children should travel around the world more. 4．What is the text intended to do? A．To share kids’ creative poems about literature. B．To appeal to adults to stop polluting the ocean. C．To report a children’s climate-themed poetry project. D．To promote Exeter University’s environmental courses. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章主要报道了一个由英国和阿联酋小学生共同参与的气候主题诗歌项目，介绍了项目过程和意义。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It features 12 poems written in English and Arabic that express their hopes, fears, and actions for the planet’s blue environments.(它收录了12首用英语和阿拉伯语写成的诗，表达他们对地球蓝色环境的希望、恐惧和行动。)”可知，这本诗集中的诗是用两种语言写成的。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“During the project, students from 14 schools in the two countries followed a weekly programme of learning activities, such as exploring the importance of seagrass ecosystems and capturing nature through art. Over the course of several weeks, the children shared work and connected with their international teammates through a specific online platform. They were also taken on field trips to their local seaside to learn in the natural environment.(在项目期间，两国14所学校的学生参加了每周的学习活动计划，例如探索海草生态系统的重要性以及通过艺术捕捉自然。在几周的时间里，孩子们通过一个特定的在线平台分享作品，并与国际队友联系。他们还参加了实地考察，在当地海边进行自然学习。)”可知，第三段主要讲述与项目相关的学习活动。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中Demelza Bolton的话“And the poetry anthology will stand as proof that the children can make their voices heard.(这本诗集将作为孩子们能够让他们的声音被听到的证明。)”可知，Demelza Bolton认为孩子们的声音应该被听到，值得被关注。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“An illustrated anthology (选集) of climate poetry co-created by pupils at coastal schools in the British Isles and the United Arab Emirates was formally presented to some of its young authors at a special event on a campus of the University of Exeter.(一本由英国和阿联酋沿海学校学生共同创作的气候诗歌插图选集，在埃克塞特大学校园的一次特别活动上正式赠予部分年轻作者。)”以及第二段中“We Are The Ocean was developed by around 400 schoolchildren, aged 10-13.(《我们是海洋》由大约400名10至13岁的学童共同创作。)”可知，文章主要目的是报道一个儿童气候主题诗歌项目。 （二） （2027·广东上进联考二模）At first, nobody in the expedition could see the whales. There was simply water blowing out of the sea in the distance and a faint sound on the wind. Our expedition leader announced over the loudspeakers: “There is a group of whales about a kilometer ahead, come out to have a look.” We had traveled to Greenland to see a total solar eclipse (日全食), making the group stand in awe as the moon hid the face of the sun with the sky growing dark during the day. I thought that would be the most astonishing thing I’d witnessed during the two-week voyage. But I was wrong. Since 2000, the population of baleen whales (须鲸) has exploded in eastern Greenland. This is because the ice that used to cover the coast, making it inaccessible to whales, has melted significantly, while at the same time the warmer water in the area has brought in considerable small fish consumed by baleen whales. That was precisely what we saw. As each whale neared the surface, it would first blow into the sky, then turn on its side, opening its mouth to take in water. The entire front part of the whale turned from a smooth triangular (三角形的) shape into a swelling, waving bag of seawater when it shut its mouth. The next part of this so-called lunge-feeding behaviour happened under water, where we couldn’t see it, but the water rushed out through the whale’s baleen, leaving the tiny creatures trapped inside. When I finally wandered down towards lunch — how strange to follow such an experience of nature’s great beauty with something as ordinary as a lunch-buffet — everyone I met was glassy-eyed, much as we had been in the moments after the eclipse. The expedition crew all said they had never seen anything like it. I spotted more than a few tears myself. You can bet that I will be back, even without a total solar eclipse to attract me north. 1．What is the original intention of the expedition? A．To do research. B．To explore a coast. C．To observe an eclipse. D．To study sea species. 2．What contributes to the increasing population of baleen whales? A．Fewer enemies and more food supply. B．Expanded habitats and adequate food. C．Lower temperature and warmer water. D．Decreased hunting and rising sea level. 3．What causes the author’s strange feeling on the way back? A．The ordinary food at the lunch buffet. B．The reactions of other crew members. C．The gap between the wonder and reality. D．The numbers of baleen whales in the area. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Lively Creature B．A Brave Expedition C．A Successful Project D．An Unexpected Sighting 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者赴格陵兰观测日全食，却意外邂逅须鲸。海冰消融、食物充足让须鲸数量大增，这场震撼的景象给他留下深刻印象。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据原文第二段中“We had traveled to Greenland to see a total solar eclipse (日全食), making the group stand in awe as the moon hid the face of the sun with the sky growing dark during the day.( 我们此行前往格陵兰观测日全食，当月亮遮住太阳，天空逐渐变暗时，整个团队都惊叹不已)”可知，此次航行的初衷是观测日全食。 2．推理判断题。根据原文第三段中“This is because the ice that used to cover the coast, making it inaccessible to whales, has melted significantly, while at the same time the warmer water in the area has brought in considerable small fish consumed by baleen whales.( 这是因为曾经覆盖海岸、使鲸类难以进入的冰层已大幅融化，与此同时，该地区水温升高，带来了大量须鲸捕食的小鱼)”可推知，栖息地扩大，食物充足共同促成须鲸数量激增。 3．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段中“When I finally wandered down towards lunch — how strange to follow such an experience of nature’s great beauty with something as ordinary as a lunch-buffet — everyone I met was glassy-eyed, much as we had been in the moments after the eclipse.( 当我终于漫步下楼去吃午饭的时候——刚领略过如此壮丽的自然盛景，紧接着就要去吃普通的自助午餐，这多么奇怪啊——我遇到的每个人都目光呆滞，就像我们在日食之后的那一刻一样)”可知，作者刚领略完鲸鱼滤食这一自然奇观，紧接着就要面对自助午餐这样的寻常琐事，这种自然奇观与日常现实之间的巨大反差使他产生恍惚、不真实之感。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者赴格陵兰观测日全食，却意外邂逅须鲸。海冰消融、食物充足让须鲸数量大增，这场震撼的景象给他留下深刻印象。D项“An Unexpected Sighting(一次意外的目击)”准确概括了“本为看日食、却意外目睹鲸群奇观”的全文主旨，适合作为文章的标题。 （三） （2027·浙江绍兴一模）You might tell your phone, “Siri, text mom,” or, “Alexa, play ‘Flowers’ by Miley Cyrus.” Voice commands are convenient — unless you’re at a noisy concert, in a quiet library, or you’re unable to use your voice. New AI-embedded eyeglass frames that read the wearer’s lips now offer a solution. The glasses, created by Zhang Ruidong, a research scientist at Google, are called EchoSpeech. When EchoSpeech is turned on, its speakers emit inaudible, high-pitched sounds. The sound waves ripple in every direction, and some travel around the user’s lips and mouth. When the users speak silently, their facial movements affect the paths of those sound waves, which in turn changes the echo patterns picked up by the microphones on the glasses. These echo patterns are then transmitted via Bluetooth to a smartphone, where an AI application developed by Zhang’s team analyzes them. To test this tech, 24 people took turns wearing the glasses, issuing silent commands while sitting or walking. During this testing, EchoSpeech’s prototype, or test version of the glasses, performed well in both cases. It delivered a 95 percent success rate, even in situations with loud background noises. The AI in EchoSpeech currently recognizes the echo patterns of 31 words or commands, such as “play” and “hey, Siri”. But those aren’t limits, Zhang says, and he thinks future versions could be trained to recognize a significantly larger vocabulary. If so, users could send personal text messages using silent speech. In a bustling restaurant, for example, users could speak quietly instead of shouting over the noise or typing their words. The technology would also enable people who have lost their voices to engage in face-to-face conversations by converting their facial movements into text in real time. EchoSpeech may also help recreate voices. People without voices often use text-to-voice programs that sound robotic, which Zhang notes “doesn’t have your emotion and your speech style.” He is now exploring whether EchoSpeech can reproduce a person’s own voice. “We’re trying to keep that information to get an actual living voice,” he says. 1．Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa? A．To recommend useful voice tools. B．To prove the popularity of smartphones. C．To introduce the limits of voice commands. D．To compare voice commands with the new tech. 2．What is the key to EchoSpeech’s operation? A．Microphones recording users’ voices. B．Facial motion altering sound wave paths. C．Speakers producing loud audible sounds. D．Echo patterns featuring brief commands. 3．What does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Tracking. B．Transforming. C．Restricting. D．Enhancing. 4．What can be learned about EchoSpeech’s future? A．It can create a larger vocabulary. B．It will replace texting ultimately. C．It may generate one’s own natural voice. D．It may help non-speakers restore speech. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍谷歌研发的EchoSpeech智能眼镜，依靠声波捕捉唇动实现无声指令输入。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You might tell your phone, “Siri, text mom,” or, “Alexa, play ‘Flowers’ by Miley Cyrus.” Voice commands are convenient — unless you’re at a noisy concert, in a quiet library, or you’re unable to use your voice. New AI-embedded eyeglass frames that read the wearer’s lips now offer a solution.(你可能会对手机说：“Siri，给妈妈发消息”，或是 “Alexa，播放麦莉・赛勒斯的《Flowers》”。语音指令很方便 —— 除非你身处喧闹的音乐会现场、安静的图书馆，或是不方便出声。一款内置人工智能、可以识别佩戴者唇语的新型镜框，为此提供了解决方案。)”可知，作者提到Siri和Alexa，是为引出语音指令存在局限，进而引出这项新技术。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When the users speak silently, their facial movements affect the paths of those sound waves, which in turn changes the echo patterns picked up by the microphones on the glasses.(当使用者无声说话时，他们的面部动作会改变声波的传播路径，继而改变眼镜上麦克风采集到的回波模式。)”可知，这项设备运行的关键是面部动作改变声波路径。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The technology would also enable people who have lost their voices to engage in face-to-face conversations by converting their facial movements into text in real time.(这项技术也能让失声人群进行面对面交流，实时把面部动作converting为文字。)”可知，失声的人只有面部动作，依靠这项技术把面部动作变成文字才能交流，由此推知，converting表示“转变”，因此，画线单词暗示“Transforming”符合语境。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“He is now exploring whether EchoSpeech can reproduce a person’s own voice. “We’re trying to keep that information to get an actual living voice,” he says.(他正在探究 EchoSpeech 是否可以重现使用者本人的声音。他说：“我们尝试保留这些信息，得到真实鲜活的人声。”)”可知，未来它有可能生成使用者自然的原声。 （四） （2026·广东东莞二模）My small backyard had been neglected for years with overgrown weeds and dry soil. Last summer, I determined to transform it: I bought seeds, soil, and basic tools, eager to start my gardening project. The first few weeks were disheartening. The seeds either failed to grow or were eaten by birds. I watered tirelessly every day, adjusted sunlight, and tended to them constantly, yet nothing grew. I was ready to quit, convinced I had no talent for gardening. One afternoon, my neighbor Mr. Henderson, who tended his roses daily, watched me and said gently: “You’re trying too hard. Plants need care, but also space to grow on their own.” His words made sense. I relaxed: watered less often, let rain do its part, and stopped overthinking. Soon, tiny green buds emerged. By August, my backyard bloomed with color and scent; I’d sit there evenings, tasting tea, amazed by their beauty. Then a storm hit — strong winds knocked over my sunflowers. Heartbroken, I planned to pull them up, but Mr. Henderson appeared again: “Don’t give up. The strongest plants survive storms — they’ll heal if you give them a chance.” Weeks later, those sunflowers stood taller and stronger, their golden heads turning to the sun. I realized gardening wasn’t just about growing plants. All things have their own rhythm of recovery; what we struggle to control often fails, while what we gently trust finds its way back to light. The world does not always bend to our hurry, and neither do the things we care for. Some winds are meant to strengthen us, not break us. This summer, I’ll plant more seeds, both in the garden and in my heart. Growth takes time, and even life’s hardest moments are our greatest teachers. 1．Why does the author think she has no talent for gardening? A．She didn’t know how to use tools. B．She worked hard caring for plants but in vain. C．She didn’t have a good taste for plants. D．She was slow in learning plant knowledge. 2．How did the author respond to Mr. Henderson’s advice? A．Let nature take its course. B．Stop watering the seeds. C．Ask him to look after her garden. D．Learn to enjoy the garden’s beauty. 3．Why are the sunflowers mentioned in the text? A．To present the risks of gardening. B．To highlight the delicacy of young plants. C．To illustrate the cruelty of natural disasters. D．To show the strength and energy of plants. 4．What can be inferred about the author? A．She never gives up when things get difficult. B．She believes success comes from effort and luck. C．She considers gardening the top priority in her life. D．She reshapes her gardening mindset in light of experiences. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文讲述作者打理荒废后院花园的亲身经历。作者起初急于求成、过度养护却毫无收获，在邻居的点拨下顺其自然、适度放手，又在向日葵历经风雨愈发茁壮的经历中感悟：万物生长自有节奏，成长需要时间，困境磨难会磨练人与事物的意志。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I watered tirelessly every day, adjusted sunlight, and tended to them constantly, yet nothing grew. I was ready to quit, convinced I had no talent for gardening(我日复一日不辞辛劳地浇水、调整光照、悉心照料，可植株始终不见生长。我打算就此放弃，认定自己完全没有园艺天赋)”可知，作者努力照料植物却徒劳无功，因此认为自己没有园艺天赋。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段结尾和第三段开头““You’re trying too hard. Plants need care, but also space to grow on their own.” His words made sense. I relaxed: watered less often, let rain do its part, and stopped overthinking.(“你太过操心了。植物需要照料，但它们也需要有自己生长的空间。”他的这番话很有道理。我放松了下来：减少浇水的频率，让雨水发挥作用，不再过度纠结)”可知，作者听从建议后减少了人为干预，让自然发挥它的作用。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The strongest plants survive storms — they’ll heal if you give them a chance.(最强的植物能在暴风雨中存活——如果你给它们机会，它们会自愈)”以及第五段“Weeks later, those sunflowers stood taller and stronger, their golden heads turning to the sun.(几周后，那些向日葵站得更高、更壮，金色的花盘转向太阳)”可推知，提及向日葵是为了展现植物经历打击后展现出的顽强生命力与自我修复能力。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者最初做事急于求成、过度掌控，接连受挫后听从建议改变养护方式，又从向日葵风雨重生的经历中领悟成长真谛，彻底改变了自己的园艺观念与处事心态。由此可知，作者在经历中重塑了自己的心态。 （五） （2026·山东二模）David Ogilvy was a British advertising pioneer, creative genius, and the founder of the famous company Ogilvy & Mather. Often called the “father of modern advertising”, Ogilvy completely changed the industry with his unique marketing approach based on the combination of art and science. Ogilvy was a big advocate of market research. He believed that understanding the customer was the key factor in any successful advertising campaign. So, marketers should treat consumers with respect and try to understand their psychology. Ogilvy studied consumer behavior carefully, allowing him to know what influenced purchasing decisions. Ogilvy believed that long copy — ads with more detailed information — often performed better than short ones. He argued that if consumers were interested in the product, they would read the entire ad. His famous Rolls-Royce campaign is a typical example: the ad featured a long copy description of the car’s quality, combined with a headline that read, ‘At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock.’ This approach contradicted the then-popular belief that people couldn’t focus on long and wouldn’t read long advertisements. Ogilvy’s success with long-copy ads proved that detailed information could also absorb consumers effectively. Ogilvy believed that every piece of advertising should strengthen a brand’s personality and reputation. He advised brands to focus on creating a unique, recognizable identity that distinguished them from competitors. For instance, his work for Dove introduced the idea of Dove being more than just soap, it became a symbol of beauty. Ogilvy believed that the most successful advertisements were built around a central, powerful idea that could excite the imagination of consumers. He famously said, ‘If it doesn’t sell, it isn’t creative,’ This means that creativity should not just be about aesthetics (美学); it should have a purpose — to boost sales and brand loyalty. Ogilvy stressed that advertising should get across how a product benefits consumers, rather than just listing its features. He argued that consumers cared more about what a product would do for them than its technical advantages. His famous ad for Rolls-Royce, for example, didn’t just list features of the car; it highlighted the experience and power that came with owning a Rolls-Royce. The benefit was clear: wealth and excellence. 1．What do we know about David Ogilvy? A．He proved to be a British art genius. B．He created the advertising industry. C．He initiated the modern advertising. D．He advocated integrating art into ads. 2．What is the basis for David’s marketing ideas? A．Consumers’ psychology. B．Products’ perfect quality. C．Consumers’ reading ability. D．Products’ design and image. 3．Which slogan of a product might David Ogilvy agree with? A．Rolls-Royce brings you speed and thrill. B．Rolls-Royce represents your perfection. C．Dove is full of pleasant smell and feeling. D．Dove is a soap making the washing easy. 4．What is the writing purpose of this text? A．To show David’s advertising principles. B．To persuade readers to learn from David. C．To emphasize David’s artistic potentials. D．To explain David’s great advertisements. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍现代广告之父大卫・奥格威，围绕他的一系列经典广告理念展开，并结合劳斯莱斯、多芬等广告案例，讲解其广告创作思路与核心原则。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Often called the “father of modern advertising”, Ogilvy completely changed the industry with his unique marketing approach based on the combination of art and science.(奥格威常被称为“现代广告之父”，他以艺术与科学相结合的独特营销方式彻底改变了这个行业)”可知，他开创了现代广告。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“He believed that understanding the customer was the key factor in any successful advertising campaign. So, marketers should treat consumers with respect and try to understand their psychology.(他认为了解客户是任何成功广告活动的关键因素。因此，营销人员应该尊重消费者并尝试理解他们的心理)”可知，大卫营销理念的基础是消费者心理。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Ogilvy believed that every piece of advertising should strengthen a brand’s personality and reputation. He advised brands to focus on creating a unique, recognizable identity that distinguished them from competitors.(奥格威认为每一则广告都应该强化品牌的个性和声誉。他建议品牌专注于创造一种独特的、可识别的身份，使它们与竞争对手区分开来)”以及最后一段“Ogilvy stressed that advertising should get across how a product benefits consumers, rather than just listing its features.(奥格威强调广告应该传达产品如何使消费者受益，而不仅仅是列出其特征)”可知，他会认同能体现品牌个性和给消费者带来益处的广告语。B选项“劳斯莱斯，代表你的完美”符合题意。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“David Ogilvy was a British advertising pioneer, creative genius, and the founder of the famous company Ogilvy & Mather. Often called the “father of modern advertising”, Ogilvy completely changed the industry with his unique marketing approach based on the combination of art and science.(戴维・奥格威是英国广告界先驱、创意天才，也是知名企业奥美集团的创始人。他常被称作“现代广告之父”，其独创的营销理念融合艺术与科学，彻底改写了整个广告行业)”可知，文章主要目的是介绍了大卫·奥格威在广告方面的各种理念。 （六） （2026·广西南宁二模）In economics, there is a well-known idea called “signaling.” It explains why people often take seemingly unnecessary or expensive actions just to send a clear message. A common example is a university degree. Some economists believe that a degree does not directly prove that you have job-related skills. Instead, the difficult process of getting it — going to classes, finishing homework, and passing exams — shows employers that you are disciplined, intelligent, and able to stick to long-term goals. However, in the digital age, signaling is facing a trouble defined as “cheap talk.” In the past, sending a reliable signal required real effort. Writing a letter by hand took time and care, and publishing a book needed strict review and professional support. These costs worked as filters (过滤器), making sure only valuable messages reached others. Today, things have changed greatly. Anyone can create a perfect life on social media or produce a good essay with AI in seconds. When signals are cheap and easy to make, they gradually lose their ability to tell real ability from false appearance. This drop in costly signals creates a widespread problem: “noise.” When everyone sends perfect, artificial messages at the same time, the result is chaos, and no one stands out. Employers receive thousands of similar, well-designed resumes. Consumers are flooded with overly positive five-star reviews that may be fake or produced by tools. In this situation, the future of trust is surprising: we may start valuing “costly” signals again. We may prefer experiences and efforts that are hard to copy: live shows instead of recorded ones, face-to-face interviews instead of online portfolios (作品), and natural talks instead of prepared speeches. In a world of artificial perfection, real, unpolished and difficult-to-copy human effort may become the new valuable quality. 1．What does a university degree signal to employers according to some economists? A．Important personal qualities. B．Relevant work experience. C．Job-specific technical skills. D．High academic performance. 2．Why does the author mention “cheap talk” in paragraph 2? A．To stress AI’s influence on modern industries. B．To advise people to reduce using social media. C．To prove cheap signals unable to show true ability. D．To encourage people to write more handwritten letters. 3．Which of the following may be valued in the future to build trust? A．Copying a ready-made product review. B．Over-polishing photos on social media. C．Creating resumes with AI in seconds. D．Making an unprepared speech. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of economic signaling. B．The changing situation of signaling. C．The use of digital tools on signaling. D．The practical value of academic signaling. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章围绕经济学的信号传递概念展开，先介绍其原本含义与作用，接着阐述数字时代低成本伪造信号泛滥，导致信号失去辨别真伪的作用、产生信息乱象，最后指出未来人们会重新重视难以复刻、付出真实成本的信号。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, the difficult process of getting it — going to classes, finishing homework, and passing exams — shows employers that you are disciplined, intelligent, and able to stick to long-term goals.(相反，求学考证的艰辛过程——上课学习、完成作业、参加考试，能向用人单位体现你自律聪慧，且具备坚守长期目标的能力。)”可知，一些经济学家认为大学文凭向雇主传递了重要的个人素养。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“When signals are cheap and easy to make, they gradually lose their ability to tell real ability from false appearance.(当信号变得低成本、易伪造，便渐渐无法分辨真实能力与虚假表象。)”可知，作者第二段提及“空谈信号”的原因是用以说明低成本信号失去辨别真伪的作用。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We may prefer experiences and efforts that are hard to copy: live shows instead of recorded ones, face-to-face interviews instead of online portfolios (作品), and natural talks instead of prepared speeches.(我们会更青睐难以复刻的经历与付出：偏爱现场演出而非录播节目，看重线下面试而非线上作品，欣赏即兴交谈而非备好底稿的演讲。)”可知，未来会被视作建立信任的依据。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕经济学的信号传递概念展开，先介绍其原本含义与作用，接着阐述数字时代低成本伪造信号泛滥，导致信号失去辨别真伪的作用、产生信息乱象，最后指出未来人们会重新重视难以复刻、付出真实成本的信号。由此可知，文章主要讲述了信号传递的处境变化，从传统有效信号到如今乱象，再到未来趋势。 （七） （2026·湖北黄冈二模）In Amsterdam’s picturesque Nine Streets neighborhood, a curious modern custom unfolds daily: Tourists stand in long, winding queues on historic bridges, holding €5.50 cones of fries (锥形纸筒装薯条) against gabled backgrounds for the perfect TikTok post. From the viral chips in Amsterdam to the hour-long waits for a slice at New York L’Industrie Pizza or the salt beef bagels at London Beigel Bake, travelers are now willing to sacrifice hours of their precious vacation time for trendy takes (食物的做法) on everyday foods. Psychologists suggest these lines are rarely about the food itself; they reveal how social media, status, and performance have fundamentally reshaped modern travel. A queue serves as a powerful psychological trigger, most notably through the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). As Rachel Herz, a specialist in human behavior, notes, seeing a crowd makes a “thing” seem more desirable. However, the nature of these queues has changed. Unlike the accidental discoveries of the past, these pilgrimages are calculated. Discoveries now happen on personalized social media feeds before a traveler even leaves home. This has turned travel into a form of public performance. Social media provides a stage for tourists to “perform their vacation”. By beautifully filming themselves in line or rating “viral foods”, travelers collect social capital, signaling to their peers that they are onto something special and culturally relevant. This cycle is strengthened by influencers and algorithms (算法). Researchers note followers often imitate ambitious behavior to show they belong to the same community, leading to repetitive travel patterns on a microscale. But this virality carries a heavy cost for local communities. When algorithms send millions of people to the same gelato shop in Rome or chip shop in Amsterdam, the result is a flood of noise, litter, and crowding. In Amsterdam, the opposition is growing; residents are even taking legal action to limit tourist numbers, arguing that overtourism has lowered their quality of life. For them, a viral fry cone is not a photo opportunity, but a threat to their neighborhood’s survival. Despite these local tensions, the crowds rarely discourage visitors. To a modern traveler, a long line provides the confidence that they are doing the “right thing”. For many, the hour spent waiting in the queue has become just as meaningful — and just as shareable — as the meal itself. 1．Why does the author mention expensive fries and long waits? A．To compare street food prices. B．To show street food is overprice. C．To prove the locals enjoy these foods. D．To criticize sacrificing vacation time for trendy foods. 2．What does the word “pilgrimages” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Journeys to holy places. B．Visits to local communities. C．Accidental discoveries during travel. D．Highly planned trips to popular spots. 3．What is the author’s attitude to residents’ legal action? A．Supportive but reserved. B．Neutral but concerned. C．Critical and disapproving. D．Doubtful and Confused. 4．What is the author’s main purpose? A．To criticize queuing tourists. B．To urge limiting tourist numbers. C．To explain social media’s impact on travel. D．To recommend best street food in three cities. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章分析社交媒体如何改变现代旅行，阐释网红美食排队现象的成因及对当地社区的不良影响。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“From the viral chips in Amsterdam to the hour-long waits for a slice at New York L’Industrie Pizza or the salt beef bagels at London Beigel Bake, travelers are now willing to sacrifice hours of their precious vacation time for trendy takes on everyday foods.(从阿姆斯特丹爆火的薯条，到纽约某披萨店需排队一小时的披萨、伦敦贝果店的咸牛肉贝果，游客如今愿意牺牲数小时宝贵假期，只为打卡网红日常食物)”可知，作者列举这些现象，是为了批判人们为网红食物浪费假期时间的行为。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Unlike the accidental discoveries of the past, these pilgrimages are calculated. Discoveries now happen on personalized social media feeds before a traveler even leaves home.(不同于过去旅行中的偶然发现，这些pilgrimages是刻意规划的。游客出发前就通过个性化社交媒体推送锁定打卡地点)”可知，pilgrimages指提前精心规划、奔赴热门打卡地的行程。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But this virality carries a heavy cost for local communities... In Amsterdam, the opposition is growing; residents are even taking legal action to limit tourist numbers, arguing that overtourism has lowered their quality of life.(但这种网红热潮给当地社区带来沉重代价……阿姆斯特丹的反对声音日益高涨，当地居民甚至采取法律行动限制游客数量，称过度旅游降低了他们的生活质量)”可知，作者客观陈述过度旅游的危害和居民的维权行为，既不支持也不批判，态度中立且对此问题表示担忧。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Psychologists suggest these lines are rarely about the food itself; they reveal how social media, status, and performance have fundamentally reshaped modern travel.(心理学家认为，这些排队现象与食物本身无关，它揭示了社交媒体、身份和自我展示如何从根本上重塑了现代旅行)”可知，文章指出排队打卡这种现象本质反映了社交媒体从根本上重塑了现代旅行，全文围绕这个核心分析现象成因、负面影响，核心目的是解释社交媒体对现代旅行的影响。 （八） （2026·湖北武汉二模）Over the past ten years or so, investigations of ancient DNA have skyrocketed. However, as the pace of ancient DNA research has increased, so, too, have problems with data archiving (归档). Often, only some of the data obtained in any one study are uploaded to publicly available databases. Furthermore, the associated metadata — information on the age of the sample, where it was found, how the DNA was gathered and chemically treated, and so on — are frequently inaccurate or incomplete. Here, we set out the nature of these two problems. Earlier this year, some experts assessed what data had been uploaded into publicly accessible databases by the authors of 42 studies of ancient DNA published in the journals Nature, Science and Cell between 2021 and 2023. In about half of the papers, researchers archived only those sequences (基因序列) that they had managed to match a reference genome (参考基因组), leaving no record of the unmatched sequences. This represents a permanent loss of data for more than 3,000 ancient samples analysed in just these studies. It might seem that any sequence that does not map to the reference genome is irrelevant. But improvements in computational methods and more complete reference genomes could enable researchers to match such sequences in the future. Also, even if some of the unmatched sequences are not from the species of interest, they could be among the most interesting in the data set, especially if they originated from disease-causing microorganisms that infected the host. The study of ancient microorganisms has become a field in its own right, and is transforming our understanding of the history of many infectious diseases. Until 2015, for instance, historians thought that plague, a disease known for its high infectivity, emerged as a significant human disease only around 1,500 years ago. Analyses of unmatched sequences from ancient human remains have revealed, however, that outbreaks of plague were occurring 5,000 years ago. Researchers have likewise used studies of unmatched sequences gathered from human remains to clarify the evolutionary history of other infectious agents. 1．What problem results from the archiving practice described in paragraph 2? A．Data loss. B．Chaotic data. C．Inaccessible databases. D．Insufficient reference genomes. 2．How does the author develop paragraph 3? A．By describing a process step by step. B．By challenging a common assumption. C．By comparing two different methods. D．By summarizing the main findings. 3．Why are “plague” and other infectious agents mentioned in the passage? A．To classify deadly diseases in history. B．To track the evolution of microorganisms. C．To provide new insights into disease outbreak. D．To illustrate the value of unmatched sequences. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraphs? A．Problems with metadata. B．Sequencing techniques. C．Examples of matched sequences. D．History of data archiving. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了古DNA研究中数据归档的问题以及未匹配基因序列的价值。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In about half of the papers, researchers archived only those sequences (基因序列) that they had managed to match a reference genome (参考基因组), leaving no record of the unmatched sequences. This represents a permanent loss of data for more than 3,000 ancient samples analysed in just these studies.(在大约一半的论文中，研究人员只归档了那些他们成功匹配参考基因组的基因序列，而没有留下未匹配基因序列的记录。这代表了仅在这些研究中就有所分析的3000多个古代样本数据永久丢失。)”可知，这种归档做法会导致数据的永久丢失。 2．推理判断题。第三段首句提出观点“It might seem that any sequence that does not map to the reference genome is irrelevant.(似乎任何不能映射到参考基因组的序列都是不相关的。)”，随后“But improvements in computational methods and more complete reference genomes could enable researchers to match such sequences in the future. Also, even if some of the unmatched sequences are not from the species of interest, they could be among the most interesting in the data set, especially if they originated from disease-causing microorganisms that infected the host.(但是，计算方法的改进和更完整的参考基因组可以使研究人员在未来匹配这些序列。此外，即使一些不匹配的序列不是来自感兴趣的物种，它们也可能是数据集中最有趣的序列之一，特别是如果它们来自感染宿主的致病微生物。)”通过But转折，结合计算方法的改进和参考基因组的完善，以及未匹配序列可能来自致病微生物等事实，反驳了“未匹配序列无关紧要”这一普遍假设。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Analyses of unmatched sequences from ancient human remains have revealed, however, that outbreaks of plague were occurring 5,000 years ago. Researchers have likewise used studies of unmatched sequences gathered from human remains to clarify the evolutionary history of other infectious agents.(然而，对古人类遗骸中未匹配序列的分析揭示，瘟疫的爆发发生在5000年前。研究人员同样利用从人类遗骸中收集的未匹配序列的研究，阐明了其他传染源的进化史。)”可推知，作者提到“瘟疫”和其他传染源是为了举例说明研究未匹配序列的价值和意义。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, as the pace of ancient DNA research has increased, so, too, have problems with data archiving (归档)...Furthermore, the associated metadata — information on the age of the sample, where it was found, how the DNA was gathered and chemically treated, and so on — are frequently inaccurate or incomplete. Here, we set out the nature of these two problems.(然而，随着古代DNA研究步伐的加快，数据归档也出现了问题……此外，相关的元数据——关于样本年龄、发现地点、DNA如何收集和化学处理等的信息——往往不准确或不完整。在这里，我们阐述了这两个问题的性质。)”以及后文第二、三段讨论了第一个问题——数据归档不全导致数据丢失，第四段主要讨论了未匹配序列的价值。而文章开头明确指出了两个问题，第一个问题已详细论述，接下来作者很可能讨论第二个问题，即元数据的问题。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $