题型04 阅读理解细节理解题：按图索骥，锁定同义改写（题型专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型04 阅读理解细节理解题 目 录 模块一 题型解码 模块二 考点突破 考点01 直接细节题：原词定位与信息直取 考点02 语义转换题：同义替换与句式改写 考点03 归纳概括题：多点整合与逐项比对 考点04 数字计算题：数据读取与简单运算 考点05 逻辑关系细节题：因果、目的与方式 模块三 综合演练 2024—2026 年七套高考英语试卷的阅读理解第一节共 105 题，其中细节理解题 57 题，占 54.3%，居各题型之首。三年间语义转换题升至 31 题，占细节理解题的 54.4%；纯原词复现的直接信息题仅 5 题。设题重心已从“找到原句”转向“改写比对”。 年份 试卷与阅读题量 细节理解题量（占比） 2024 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，全国甲卷，45 题 25 题（55.6%） 2025 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 14 题（46.7%） 2026 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 18 题（60.0%） 三年合计 7 套，105 题 57 题（54.3%） 考点 解题要点 题型解读 直接细节题 （3年5考） 圈出题干实词与专有名词，按题文同序寻读定位；比对选项与信息句，答案多为原文或极近表述。 多见于应用文清单、图表与事实陈述，题干常以 what、which、where 提问；失分多在定位偏移。 语义转换题 （3年31考） 先定位信息句，再识别词换词、短语换短语、正话反说三种改写；正确选项与原文是同义替换。 三年 31 题，占 54.4%。选项常改变词性、句式或语态，需跨句整合；见原词就选是主要失分点。 归纳概括题 （3年7考） 圈出文中两个以上信息点，用自己的话提炼共性，再与选项比对；关注转折、因果等提示词。 题干多为 What do we know about... 一类，需逐项比对四选项。答案常是长句的浓缩改写。 数字计算题 （3年5考） 以数字、百分比、价格为定位词回文取数，核对对象后作加减乘除，再与选项比对。 集中在价格、时长、场次与图表数据。重点不在运算，而在找准对象；漏加、错配是常见失分。 逻辑关系细节题 （3年9考） 由 Why、What made、aim 等信号锁定因果与目的，答案常在原因句、目的状语或转折之后。 多藏于实验设计与项目动机处。场景描写常被误当目的，属高频干扰。 ►考点01 直接细节题：原词定位与信息直取（3年5考） 直接细节题针对文中的具体事实设问，答案可在原文直接找到。它考的不是理解深度，而是定位精度——定位偏一句，选项就全错。三年五题，全部落在应用文的信息清单与说明文的事实陈述处。 01 原词复现与信息直取 常见的设题类型：原词复现、专名定位、题文同序、是非排除。 原词复现型 选项与原文几乎一模一样，只需仔细比对即可确定，答案多为信息出处的原句。 专名定位型 题干含人名、地名、大写字母、数字或时间，可据此直接回文锁定出处。 题文同序型 出题顺序与段落顺序基本一致，可按题号顺次向下寻读，逐步缩小检索范围。 方·法·技·巧 画出题干关键词 圈出专有名词、数字与核心动词，明确答题方向，避免回文时抓错重点。 按序寻读定位 依题文同序原则，从上一题出处向下寻读，用跳读锁定信息句，不逐词通读。 比对选项定案 把选项与信息句逐点对照，与题干设问方向一致的才选，眼熟不等于正确。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. 1. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 2.（2027届·浙江省金华十校11月联考）What is a Repair Café? Repair Cafés are free meeting places and they're all about repairing things (together). Visitors bring their broken items from home. There, they'll find tools and materials to help make any repairs they need. On clothes, furniture, electrical appliances, bicycles, toys etc. They'll also find expert volunteers, with repair skills in all kinds of fields. Together with the specialists they start making their repairs. It's an ongoing learning process. 2. What can visitors do in a Repair Café? A. Get free second-hand items. B. Buy repair tools and materials. C. Repair things with expert help. D. Exchange broken items for new ones. 02 图表与清单类信息的定位 常见的设题类型：表格取数、清单比对、分类条目、时段限定。 表格取数 赛事、票价、班次以表格呈现，须按行按列读全，防止只看一行就作答。 清单比对 项目、课程、场馆以条目排列，选项常改动其中一项的条件或对象。 分类条目 同一事物的不同类别分列，题干问某一类时须回到对应条目，勿跨类取信息。 时段限定 开放时间、截止日期、有效期限常排在小字处，选项靠改动时段制造错误。 易·错·提·示 只看首行 表格题须读全同一行或同一列的全部数据，遗漏一项即错。 错认对象 清单中相邻两项条件相近，选项常互换主语，须逐条核对名称。 忽略小字 开放时间、适用人群、附加条件多排在小字处，恰是设题点。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）Upcoming Football Events Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9    4:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v New Orleans Saints Sunday, August 10    5:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16    4:00 PM Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24    1:25 PM 1．Which team will play the most games at the stadium this month? A．Dallas Cowboys. B．Los Angeles Rams. C．Los Angeles Chargers. D．New Orleans Saints. 2.（2027届·浙江省强基联盟高三10月联考） ◆Life Chronicles □ 40 minutes From the first life forms to dinosaurs, then to large marine species, you explore lost worlds and different geological eras. Guided throughout your journey, you move freely through these fascinating, precisely recreated universes, and discover the great transformations that have shaped life on Earth. ◆Space Explorers □ 40 minutes The 40-minute immersive virtual reality experience draws from the Emmy Award-winning series of the same name. With 360° 3D shot during actual NASA missions inside and outside the International Space Station, this virtual journey allows the public to experience the “overview effect” live. ◆The Secret of the Builders of Khufu □ 43 minutes At daybreak, on the Giza plateau（高原）, you discover the excitement of building the Great Pyramid. Between the banks of the Nile and the monumental construction sites, you observe the techniques, the know-how, and the women and men who made this extraordinary project possible. ◆Tonight with the Impressionists □ 45 minutes At the heart of this evening, you will meet Monet, Renoir, Degas and their contemporaries, as they prepare to revolutionize the codes of painting. Between workshops, cafes and exhibition spaces, you observe emerging works and witness the birth of a major artistic movement. Full price: Adults: €29.50 per person Reduced price: €24.50 per person (People with reduced mobility, under 18s, or students) From 4 people: €21.50 per person 2. Which experience is adapted from a famous TV show? A. Life Chronicles. B. Space Explorers. C. The Secret of the Builders of Khufu. D. Tonight with the Impressionists. ►考点02 语义转换题：同义替换与句式改写（3年31考） 语义转换题是细节理解题的主体，三年 31 题，占 54.4%。答案不在原文表面：词被换掉，句式被改写，语态被翻转。识别这层替换，是这一考点的全部功夫。 01 同义替换的三种层级 常见的设题类型：词换词、短语换短语、正话反说、非对等结构。 词换词 用同义或近义词替换原文关键词，如 self-repair 换作 repair itself，词形变而语义不变。 短语换短语 用另一短语表达同一语义，如 to protect nature 换作 environmental protection。 正话反说 以否定形式表达肯定内容，或反之；须回文确认反说之后意思未变。 非对等结构 改变词性、句式或语态表达同一语义，需结合语法知识还原信息。 方·法·技·巧 锁定信息句 先用题干关键词定位原文，再选与信息句意思相近的选项，不凭眼熟作答。 分层识别替换 按词、短语、暗含之意逐层比对；替换怎么发生，要回原文核实，不自行脑补。 核对设问方向 选项与原文意思一致、且与题干所问一致，两个条件同时满足才是答案。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1. What has the author come to realize about learning? A. It is never too late to start.　　 B. Motivation is what really matters. C. Children need role models.　　 D. Dictionaries are still a useful tool. 2. （2027届·皖南八校高三10月联考） The other evening, my seven-year-old daughter Lily wandered into the kitchen, and asked me how soon her favorite cartoon would start. I just nodded my chin（下巴）toward the old round clock that had hung on our kitchen wall since before she was born. "When the big hand points straight up and the little hand is on eight,” I said. She went quiet for a moment. Then I heard her sigh, "But Mom, " she said, " that doesn't tell me numbers. My tablet gives me the time in numbers. Why can't you just tell me like normal?" It struck me then that Lily, who could unlock my phone, find her favorite app, and send voice messages to her grandmother in seconds, had never actually learned to read a clock face. She lived in a world of digital numbers, where time was just digits glowing （发亮）on a screen, not two hands moving slowly across a painted circle. 2. Why couldn't Lily tell when her cartoon would start? A. She had poor eyesight. B. She couldn't read clocks with hands. C. She didn't trust the old clock. D. She hadn't learned numbers yet. 02 跨句整合与长句简化 常见的设题类型：跨句整合、长句简化、指代还原、条件限定。 跨句整合 答案由相邻两三句合成，单看一句无法判断，须把条件与结论连起来读。 长句简化 原文以长句、插入语呈现，正确项是其浓缩改写，枝叶被删而主干保留。 指代还原 选项以名词复现，原文用 it、they、this 指代，须还原指代对象再比对。 条件限定 结论以 if、unless、as long as 为前提，选项抽掉条件即错。 易·错·提·示 停在半句 长句未读完就下结论，常把条件句当结论，把让步当因果。 指代错位 it、they 多回指前一句的主语而非最近的名词，还原错则全错。 只认原词 关键词已被同义替换，找不到原词就放弃，是最常见的失分方式。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷）Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. 1. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water.　　 B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering.　　 D. The type of plastic in water. 2. （2026届·湖南新高考教学教研联盟（长郡20校）高三3月联考）· Become more flexible. Rather than repeating the same word or phrase many times in your work, try to find other ways to express your ideas. Look for SYN symbol to find synonyms（同义词）and also study the synonym notes. Look for word families and try using words in the same family that are different parts of speech (e.g. different, adjective and differ, verb). 2. What can you do to reduce repetition in your writing? A. Correct potential problems in advance. B. Use synonyms or explore word families. C. Ensure accurate and natural word pairings. D. Analyze examples of word usage in context. ►考点03 归纳概括题：多点整合与逐项比对（3年7考） 归纳概括题要求把文中两个以上信息点合成一个结论。四个选项往往“看着都对”，差别在概括的边界：多一分是过度推断，少一分是以偏概全。 01 多点整合与逐项比对 常见的设题类型：多点归纳、共性提炼、逻辑整合、逐项比对。 多点归纳 需对两个以上信息点作归纳，靠单一原句无法选出答案。 共性提炼 问若干对象的共同点或相似经历，须逐一比对后提炼共性。 逻辑整合 借转折、因果、递进、让步等提示词理清逻辑，把零碎细节组成整体。 逐项比对 题干为 What do we know about...，须把四个选项逐一回文验正误。 干扰项来源 类型 特征 脱离原文编造 无中生有 选项是生活常识或普遍观点，文中并无相关信息。 摘抄原文改写 曲解文意 借原文词句另作发挥，看似表达文意，实则曲解。 扩缩范围 用 always、never、all 等绝对词，或把具体细节扩大为普遍现象。 偷梁换柱 句型与词汇近似原文，却在关键处换词，句意随之改变。 张冠李戴 选项内容是原文信息，但不是题干所问的对象。 方·法·技·巧 圈出信息点 把文中相关细节逐一标出，用自己的话各写一句，形成比对清单。 抓逻辑提示词 锁定转折、因果、递进、让步等词，判断信息的主次与方向。 限定概括边界 比原文多一层推断即为过度，少一个限定即为以偏概全。 1.（2026·全国Ⅱ卷）This nice Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights quickly became a destination for chef Henji Cheung’s Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson’s natural wine list that earned her a Michelin nod. Reserve a spot indoors, at its chef’s counter, or covered dog-friendly patio (露台), with creative wine tastings in the mix. Dinner hours: Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 p.m. — 9:00 p.m. (last seating); Friday and Saturday 5:00 p.m. — 9:30 p.m. (last seating). Closed on Sunday and Monday. 1. What do we know about the Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights? A. It is open only on weekdays.　　 B. It adopts a no-pet policy. C. It takes no reservations.　　 D. It serves only dinner. 2.（2027届·成都树德中学10月检测）My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with rolls of exposed film and a hundred dollars in uncashed traveler's checks, and is asleep at the moment. His blue duffel （粗呢） bag lies on the floor where he dropped it. Obviously, he postponed as much sleep as he could: when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours. 2. During the trip, the author's son ________ . A. ran out of money B. forgot to call his mother C. had inadequate sleep D. failed to take good pictures ►考点04 数字计算题：数据读取与简单运算（3年5考） 数字计算题集中在应用文的价格、时长、场次与图表占比。它考的不是算术，而是取数：对象对不对，单位统不统一。 01 数据读取与简单运算 常见的设题类型：四则运算、百分比换算、特别数据、区间对照。 四则运算 对时间、数量、价格、距离作加减乘除，重点在取数准确而非计算难度。 百分比换算 原文给分数或比例，如 one third、1 in 5，选项以百分数呈现，须换算后比对。 特别数据 double、fortnight、dozen、score、decade、off、discount 等表达须先释义。 区间对照 数据散见标题、表格与相邻条目，须并置后比较，不能只取一处。 方·法·技·巧 锁定数字定位词 把题干中的数字、百分比、价格、时间圈为定位词，直接回文取数。 核对取数对象 确认数据属于题干所问的对象，防止把相邻条目的数字拿来用。 运算后比对 先算再比，注意单位与区间；漏加、错配、看错单位是三类常见错误。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷）.Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 1. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%.　　 B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%.　　 D. 86.1%. 2.（2026届·浙江省宁波市二模）Program Timeline May 10 Applications due By May 20 Selected participants notified; agreements signed June 1 - 28 Device testing period July 18 Final feedback survey due 2. How long are participants expected to test the device? A. 18 days. B. 20 days. C. 28 days. D. 30 days. ►考点05 逻辑关系细节题：因果、目的与方式（3年9考） 逻辑关系细节题问的是“为什么”“为了什么”“怎么做到”。答案不在事实本身，而在事实之间的关系：原因句、目的状语、方式说明。 01 因果、目的与方式的定位 常见的设题类型：原因定位、目的定位、方式定位、条件限定。 原因定位 题干问 Why 或 What led to，答案在 because、since、as 引导的原因句或结果之前的叙述。 目的定位 问 aim、purpose 或 Why does sb. do sth.，答案在不定式、so as to 或项目介绍首句。 方式定位 问 How，答案在 by doing、through、with 等介词短语或步骤说明。 条件限定 结论以 if、unless、as long as 为前提，选项抽掉条件即错。 易·错·提·示 把场景当目的 场景描写只是背景，目的通常在项目介绍的末句或转折之后。 因果倒置 原文“因 A 致 B”，选项写成“因 B 致 A”，须核对方向。 抽掉条件 原文有条件限定，选项改为无条件成立，属扩缩范围。 1.（2026·全国Ⅱ卷）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 1. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy.　　 B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation.　　 D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 2.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 2. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university.　　 B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient.　 　 D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3. （2027届·浙江省浙南名校联盟高三10月联考）Sather Tower, also known as the Campanile, is one of the University of California, Berkeley's most beloved symbols. At 307 feet, it is the second-tallest freestanding clock and bell tower in the world. From the observation platform, visitors can enjoy a spectacular view of the Bay Area. The platform is accessible via an elevator and 38 stairs. Three daily concerts are held at 7:50 am, 12:00 pm, and 6:00 pm. The Campanile is truly not to be missed. 3. Why is Sather Tower considered a must-see? A. It offers great views. B. It is easy to access. C. It holds free concerts. D. It is the tallest tower. A 高考真题 （一） （2025·全国二卷）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 1．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 2．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A．They appeal more to students. B．They purify the environment. C．They raise the cortisol level. D．They enhance productivity. 3．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A．The necessity of social skills. B．The meaning of sustainability. C．The importance of repeated efforts. D．The value of professional opinions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home （二） （2025·全国一卷）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 2．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 3．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 4．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. B 优秀模拟题 （一） （2026·陕西省榆林·二模）What’s a BioBlitz? Join us for a unique opportunity to contribute to science while exploring the outdoors. Capture photos of plants, birds, insects, and other fascinating wildlife you come across. Share your observations to assist scientists in monitoring biodiversity and tracking rare species. Enhance Your Experience While a camera is all you need, bringing binoculars, magnifying glasses, or nets can help uncover even more hidden wonders. If you don’t have these tools, don’t worry — rentals are available on-site. A Festival of Nature In addition to the BioBlitz, enjoy various activities suitable for all ages: Biodiversity-Seeking Hikes: Explore local ecosystems with the guidance of experts. Plant-Based Cooking Classes: Learn how to make flavourful dishes using natural ingredients. Nature-Based Crafts and Art: Express your creativity through nature-inspired crafts. Plant-as-Medicine Stations: Discover the healing properties of different plants. Click on schedule for a full list of events. Things to Remember Footwear: Wear sturdy (结实的) shoes or hiking boots, as the trails may be wet or muddy. Food: Bring your own picnic lunch or dinner. Cash: Some activities require a fee, so bring cash if you wish to participate. Fee-Based Activities Age 5-12 Age 13-18+ Cooking Class ($ 10) Nature Journaling+ Drawing Lesson ($ 15) Nature-Based Crafts ($ 10) Art in the Park ( $ 10) Tools for Rent Binoculars: $15 Magnifying Glasses: $5 Nets: $5 Drawing kits: $10 1．What is the purpose of participating in the BioBlitz? A．To teach outdoor biology lessons. B．To learn photography skills in nature. C．To win prizes for discovering rare species. D．To document wildlife for scientific research. 2．Which activity offers outdoor exploration led by specialists? A．Biodiversity-Seeking Hikes. B．Plant-Based Cooking Classes. C．Nature-Based Crafts and Art. D．Plant-as-Medicine Stations. 3．How much will it cost at most to attend a drawing lesson with rental drawing kits? A．$15. B．$20. C．$25. D．$30. （二） (26-27高三·广东湛江·调研)We invite you to step behind the photos and into art, advocacy and science, all about our blue planet. Through a series of absorbing discussions, you will join an extraordinary gathering of world-class photographers, scientists, and explorers to explore how storytelling can translate the ocean’s complex beauty into a universal call for its conservation. Sessions Content Keynote Session Join world-famous marine scientist, explorer, and photographer Laurent Ballesta for a special keynote event. Go behind the scenes of his ground-breaking Gombessa expeditions (探险) and discover the pioneering ocean achievements that redefined deep-sea exploration. Focusing the Frame Bringing together three distinct visual storytellers, this session will explore how ocean photography can be used as a powerful driving force for marine health, cultural awareness, and environmental policy. Featuring marine conservation photographer Maryline Renault, ocean adventure photographer Erik Witkopf, and National Geographic Explorer and biologist Lana Tannir, this session will dive beneath the surface of beautiful photography to examine the responsibility behind the lens (镜头). The Camera and the Lens Underwater photography can transform large amounts of scientific data into moments of wonder, using the camera lens as an invitation into new marine discoveries. Featuring marine ecology engineer, tech diver, and underwater photographer Thomas Pavey, filmmaker and photographer Dan Mele, and world-famous underwater explorer Laurent Ballesta, this session will examine how breathtaking visual storytelling bridges the gap between complex ocean science and ordinary people’s fascination. Oceanographic’s Storytellers in Residence This session will bring together three distinct voices to offer a behind-the-lens look into the lives, craft, and expeditions of Oceanographic's own Storytellers in Residence. Featuring the award-winning underwater photographer Henley Spiers, marine biologist and expedition leader Mads St Clair, and ocean artist and conservationist Francesca Page, this panel will explore diversity in creative mediums to protect our ocean. 1． What do the storytelling sessions aim to do? A．Display amazing ocean photos. B．Inspire ocean protection efforts. C．Promote marine explorer careers. D．Train skilled marine photographers. 2． Which helps the public access marine science through scientific photography? A．Keynote Session. B．Focusing the Frame. C．The Camera and the Lens. D．Oceanographic's Storytellers in Residence. 3． What can we know about marine exploration? A．It involves a range of fields. B．It turns complex stories into plain data. C．It values storytelling above science. D．It guarantees creative media diversity. （三） (26-27高三·浙江嘉兴·一模) “Was that kind of a big waste of money?” my 12-year-old son asked. He was referring to my recent graduation from a year-long college program in book and magazine publishing, after my fourteen years as a stay-at-home parent. Now that I’d graduated, the big question I was avoiding came: what now? I guess the question for me actually was, why had I returned to learning in the first place? I’d worked in public relations for years. After the birth of my first child, I felt exhausted, with no remote work or $10-a-day childcare. My entire paycheck would be handed over to a stranger to look after my baby while I dragged myself into a work environment that was becoming psychologically damaging. My heart struggled to make sense of that math. My decision to stay at home was strengthened when my family experienced a sudden relocation and unexpected life transitions. All at once I was aware of how brief and precious early childhood could be. I wanted to drink in every minute with my baby. And so I stayed. Two more babies arrived. One year turned into two, and into fourteen. The “what now?” question ran deep then. I encountered Times Change, a non-profit helping women re-enter the workforce, which pushed me to sign up for a publishing program awakening me to the meaning of my life, who I was and, quite simply, what I liked. I was the only mature student among twenty-something women. And I graduated. The same question now resurfaces. Recently I heard novelist Leslie Jamison talk about the desire to “throw herself off a creative cliff (悬崖)”. I now understand the cliff is not a dead end but a starting line. So, here I am, with a mother’s recognition that my future is finite (有限的), and my feet are at the edge of an imaginary cliff. 1． What did the son’s question remind the author of? A．The cost of her college program. B．The value of her staying at home. C．The plan for her publishing a book. D．The uncertainty about her next step. 2． Why did the author finally decide to be a stay-at-home mother? A．To escape her workplace. B．To cut childcare expenses. C．To bond more with her child. D．To avoid psychological damage. 3． How did Times Change influence the author? A．It offered her parenting skills. B．It reminded her of her life value. C．It eased her care-giving pressure. D．It enabled her to rejoin the workforce. 4． What has the author come to realize about her experience? A．Family comes first. B．It’s never too late to start over. C．Patience pays off. D．Learning guarantees possibilities. （四） (26-27高三·浙江绍兴·一模) Humans have been telling stories for millennia, which have long served to teach morals or make sense of the world. Lately, the advance of generative AI models that can invent a story from user prompts (提示词), using online works as a guide, has revealed and then sustained blind spots. Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) have found that AI not only preserves gender biases in children’s animal stories, where characters are highly ambiguous, but actually makes these biases worse. “Some human writers reportedly turn animal characters into universal subjects who go beyond identity categories,” said UW machine learning researcher Imani Finkley. Unexpectedly, further research shows those biases are actually more evident in animal stories than in human stories, reflecting stronger stereotypes (刻板印象) brought by real-life authors. This makes animal stories a striking test case for large-language models. The study tasked six leading AI models with writing stories about talking animals whose gender was unstated. The findings were quite alarming. Among 23,800 AI responses, females were “virtually absent”, present in just 2 percent of stories. Characters were either described as male or left without an assigned gender. Though people know AI models reflect the data that they’ve been trained on, the bias seems to have been boosted in this case. “Our hypothesis is that these AI models are using neutrality to avoid gender bias — either with ‘it/its’ pronouns or no pronouns, but it ends up erasing female characters”, said UW information scientist Melanie Walsh. Beyond gender, researchers noticed another feature of AI writing: a more generic and repetitive approach, which is likely a reflection of the underlying training. With AI being increasingly used as a tool for scientific research, this study is an important reminder that the biases and indeed accuracy of these “intelligent” models depend on the inputs they consume. “There’s this odd phenomenon where people forget to worry about human social biases when they’re imagining animal stories. AI is replicating that tendency and reshaping it”, said Finkley. While children’s books are often a little silly, they shape early conceptions of gender roles. 1．What led researchers to test AI models using animal story writing? A．Its more obvious gender biases. B．Its significant role in human life. C．Its simpler processing prompts. D．Its unique character identity category. 2．What can we infer from the research findings? A．Pronouns ensure equal representation. B．AI models exclude females by design. C．Gender-free stories appeal to kids’ taste. D．Neutral wording brings opposite effects. 3．What mainly accounts for the gender biases in AI writing? A．The input of common writing techniques. B．The model of the researchers’ mindset. C．The pre-existing biases in the input data. D．The impact of people’s misconceptions. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．AI Writing Relies on People’s Views B．AI Writing Reflects and Worsens Biases C．AI Models Erase Female Characters D．AI Outshines and Replaces Storytellers （五） (25-26高三·江苏盐城·4月调研) My teacher uses a cane (拐杖)now but often leaves it aside when visiting. “Don’t treat me like an old man,” he says, as softly as 60 years ago. Back in 1965, he — my composition teacher, Mr. Youngs — was a novelty. The summer before his senior year of college, he rode a motor scooter across the country, sleeping under the stars, befriending strangers at campgrounds, and recording his thoughts in a notebook. I understood, from the snippets (片段)Mr. Youngs shared with us, that his trip had been both an adventure and a journey of self-discovery. I realized I could have a life different from the path laid out by private schools and dancing lessons. I could leave the East Coast, for example, and I did. I could embrace my identity as a writer, and I did. Mr. Youngs’ influence on us extended to reading as well as writing. Under his instruction, we moved from stories about magic and talking animals to books with human characters our own age. He read aloud to us from Jack Schaefer’s 1949 novel Shane. Bob, the story’s narrator, observed the adult world and felt adult emotions just as we did — without fully comprehending them. Through such stories, we learned that fiction could help us understand life. This year, Mr. Youngs established a writing scholarship in his name and mine at Dedham Country Day School. Together, we met with students to discuss how education leads to future careers. Remarkably, Mr. Youngs still kept some of our 1965 compositions, as well as some of his lesson plans about similes, personification, and the use of vivid words — all lessons that have been threaded through my writing ever since. We also spoke about another shared concern for the natural world. I invited the students to commit to one small act to help reduce climate change. One wrote, “I will write a book from the perspective of animals threatened by climate change. I hope it will change hearts.” He may no longer ride a motor scooter, but my teacher is still changing lives. And now, because of him, so am I. 1．What made Mr. Youngs a “novelty” ? A．Walking with the aid of a cane. B．Sharing his thoughts online. C．Teaching motor scooter riding. D．Having a cross-country trip. 2．How did Mr. Youngs influence the author? A．He taught her to write adventure stories. B．He inspired her to choose a different life path. C．He encouraged her to read magic animal tales. D．He advised her to value private school education. 3．What did the author and Mr. Youngs do together recently? A．Raising students’ eco-awareness. B．Collecting students’ compositions. C．Offering students career opportunities. D．Writing books about endangered animals. 4．What’s the article mainly about? A．Mr. Youngs’ adventurous youth. B．The way to be a successful writer. C．A teacher’s long-lasting influence. D．The importance of writing courses. （六） (25-26高三·广东省华南师范大学附属中学·月考)A few weeks ago, I called an Uber to take me to the Boston airport for a flight home for the holidays. As I slid into the back seat of the car, the warm intonations (语调) of the driver’s accent washed over me in a familiar way. I learned that he was a recent West African immigrant with a few young children, working hard to provide for his family. I could relate: I am the daughter of two Ethiopian immigrants who made their share of sacrifices to ensure my success. I told him I was on a college break and headed home to visit my parents. That’s how he found out I go to Harvard. An approving eye glinted at me in the rearview window (后视镜), and quickly, we crossed the boundaries of rider and driver. I became his daughter, all grown up — the product of his sacrifice. And then came the fateful question: “What do you study?” I answered “history and literature” and the pride in his voice faded, as I knew it might. I didn’t even get to add “and African-American studies” before he cut in, his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?” Here I was, his daughter, squandering the biggest opportunity of her life. He went on to deliver the age-old lecture that all immigrant kids know. We are to become doctors (or lawyers, if our parents are being generous) — to make money and send money back home. The unspoken demand, made across generations which my Uber driver laid out plainly, is simple: Fulfill your role in the narrative of upward mobility so your children can do the same. I used to feel anxious and backed into a corner by the questioning, but now as a junior in college, I’m grateful for their support more than anything. This holiday season, I’ve promised myself I won’t huff and get annoyed at their inquiries. I won’t defensively respond with “but I plan to go to law school” when I get unrequested advice. I’ll just smile and nod, and enjoy the warmth of the occasion. 1．What disappointed the driver? A．The sacrifice of the author’s parents. B．The author’s choice of major at college. C．The author’s casual attitude towards study. D．The author’s poor academic performance at Harvard. 2．Which word can replace the underlined word “squandering” in Paragraph 4? A．Wasting. B．Replacing. C．Valuing. D．Expecting. 3．Why are immigrant kids expected to become doctors or lawyers according to the passage? A．To gain higher social respect and recognition. B．To fulfill the unachieved dreams of their parents. C．To secure financial success and family advancement. D．To gain easier access to top universities like Harvard. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the driver’s questioning? A．Critical. B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. （七） (26-27高三·沈阳市东北育才学校·一模)Avi Mohan Kumar Shukla, a young high school student from Jharkhand, India, has built a low-cost AI-powered device that protects local farmers’ crops from frequent wildlife attacks. He developed the system, named Innobox, after seeing villagers suffer heavy losses from wild elephants and monkeys that destroy farmland overnight. For years, farmers in the remote village of Rasabeda have struggled with this problem. Herds of elephants trample entire harvests after dark, and monkeys raid fields by day, ruining months of hard work in just hours. Families take turns sleeping in their fields, shouting and throwing stones to scare animals away, but these traditional methods bring little long-term relief and often put people at risk. Avi began working on his invention in his spare time, turning his bedroom into a makeshift (临时的) laboratory. The nearest electronics store was over a dozen kilometers away, and he had to make repeated trips for components. Balancing innovation with schoolwork was not easy. He often worked late into the night, testing and adjusting the device through repeated failures. The Innobox uses a seismic (地震波的) sensor to detect ground vibrations from large animals up to 50 meters away, and a radar system to cut down false alarms from small creatures. An AI camera further identifies the animal species with over 85 per cent accuracy. When a threat is confirmed, the device sets off a siren (警报器) and flashing lights to drive animals away without harming them. Since the device was deployed in the village, crop damage has dropped sharply. Farmers no longer need to keep night watches, and their income has become more stable. Avi hopes his work will inspire more young people to turn classroom learning into solutions for real-world problems. 1．Why do local farmers require the AI-powered device? A．They quit farming fully. B．They earn much from crop sales. C．They reject new farming tools. D．They suffer heavy crop losses. 2．Why is the radar system added to the Innobox? A．To send warnings. B．To reduce false alarms. C．To identify animal species. D．To make loud warning sounds. 3．It can be learned from the text that Avi’s invention ________. A．harms wild animals. B．gets big firm support. C．results from his independent efforts. D．uses costly components. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A teen’s crop-protecting invention. B．Wildlife in rural India. C．The development of smart farming. D．Ways to guard crops. （八） (25-26高三下·河北衡水中学·月考)Maya Martinez, a high school senior living in a fog-covered coastal village in North California, noticed that the community garden was gradually drying up during the driest summer on record. While the villagers remained helpless, Maya chose to spend her afternoons carefully observing the thick mist that rolled in from the sea. Maya had already identified a critical fault in traditional fog-collecting mesh nets (网状网): they frequently became blocked by the very water drops they caught, which severely reduced their effectiveness. Digging deeper into solutions, Maya found a novel device designed by two scientists — the “Fog Harp (竖琴)”. Maya decided to use the handy materials to create her own “Fog Harp”. At first, neighbors watched the process with doubt as she strung hundreds of thin, upright wires across a solid wooden frame. To them, the setup looked no more than “a giant musical instrument” that only produced useless sounds in the cold coastal wind. Little did they know this simple-looking setup would soon prove surprisingly effective. The remarkable efficiency of Maya’s Fog Harp lies in its clever use of gravity. In a traditional mesh net, tiny water drops get easily trapped within the small square gaps, which stop further collection. This occurs because the surface tension — the invisible, stretchy “skin” of liquid water — is too strong for the small drops to overcome. In Maya’s Fog Harp, by contrast, water drops hit the wires and slowly combine into larger drops. Most importantly, with no cross wires to hold these larger drops in place, gravity easily overcomes surface tension, allowing the water to slide effortlessly down the wires and collect in a tank below. Of course, the project faced its share of setbacks. During one severe coastal storm, the extreme wind tore through the wooden frame. Yet, instead of giving in to despair, she immediately set out to fix the problem by reinforcing the entire structure with durable steel wires. By the time autumn arrived, Maya’s “Fog Harps” were reliably producing plenty of fresh water every day, partly meeting the daily water needs of the village. 1． Why did Maya observe the thick mist in her afternoons? A．To predict the weather conditions. B．To clarify the reasons for drought. C．To check the efficiency of the mesh nets. D．To work out a solution to water shortage. 2． What can we know about Maya’s “Fog Harp”? A．It was a musical instrument. B．It invited villagers’ acid words. C．It presented an inborn fault. D．It featured a solid metal frame. 3． What is the key for Maya’s Fog Harp to function well? A．Its use of cross wires. B．Its mesh-net structure. C．Its weak surface tension. D．Its unique design and use of gravity. 4． What can we learn from Maya’s story? A．Look before you leap. B．Better late than never. C．Think outside the box. D．Time waits for no man. （九） (25-26高三下·浙江宁波市镇海中学·月考)Einstein’s theory of special relativity states that the speed of light in a vacuum — 299,792,458 meters per second, or about 186,000 miles per second — is the fastest speed information, matter and energy can travel through space. So how do singularities (奇点) move faster than light speed? Because singularities are empty points of nothingness, they contain no information, no matter and no energy. They are tiny voids, so they don’t have to obey the cosmic speed limit. These voids don’t just exceed the speed of light — they blaze past it. When two singularities encounter each other, they can sometimes exponentially speed up toward each other until their speeds approach infinity just before they cancel each other out. However, the faster they go, the harder it is to observe them. The recent study, published March 25 in the journal Nature, shows researchers doing just that. “Our discovery reveals universal laws of nature shared by all types of waves, from sound waves and fluid flows to complex systems such as superconductors,” Ido Kaminer, an electrical and computer engineering professor at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and a member of the research team, said in the statement. The study’s results apply to more than just tiny whirlpools; the empty points act enough like particles that scientists can study them to better understand particle interactions. To do this, researchers need to know where the comparison breaks down. The new study shows the voids’ need for speed is a point where the singularities stop acting like particles, since particles obey the cosmic speed limit that voids ignore. In addition, the team’s new techniques for observing very small, very fast things could light up some previously unexplored pockets across multiple scientific disciplines. “We believe these innovative microscopy techniques will enable the study of hidden processes in physics, chemistry, and biology, revealing for the first time how nature behaves in its fastest and most elusive moments,” Kaminer added. 1．Why can singularities move faster than the speed of light? A．Because they are formed from extremely powerful energy. B．Because they hold no information, matter or energy. C．Because they travel freely through a vacuum. D．Because they fully obey special relativity’s rules. 2．What happens when two singularities meet each other? A．They may slow down and become particles. B．They may produce light and energy. C．They may speed up greatly before disappearing. D．They may become easier for scientists to observe. 3．What is the significance of the team’s new techniques? A．They prove that all particles can move faster than light. B．They may help scientists explore previously hidden processes. C．They show that singularities contain matter and energy. D．They make Einstein’s theory of special relativity useless. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Tiny Voids: Racing Beyond the Speed of Light B．Einstein’s Theory: The End of Modern Physics C．Particles: Breaking the Cosmic Speed Limit D．Light Speed: The Fastest Mystery in Nature 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型04 阅读理解细节理解题 目 录 模块一 题型解码 模块二 考点突破 考点01 直接细节题：原词定位与信息直取 考点02 语义转换题：同义替换与句式改写 考点03 归纳概括题：多点整合与逐项比对 考点04 数字计算题：数据读取与简单运算 考点05 逻辑关系细节题：因果、目的与方式 模块三 综合演练 2024—2026 年七套高考英语试卷的阅读理解第一节共 105 题，其中细节理解题 57 题，占 54.3%，居各题型之首。三年间语义转换题升至 31 题，占细节理解题的 54.4%；纯原词复现的直接信息题仅 5 题。设题重心已从“找到原句”转向“改写比对”。 年份 试卷与阅读题量 细节理解题量（占比） 2024 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，全国甲卷，45 题 25 题（55.6%） 2025 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 14 题（46.7%） 2026 全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷，30 题 18 题（60.0%） 三年合计 7 套，105 题 57 题（54.3%） 考点 解题要点 题型解读 直接细节题 （3年5考） 圈出题干实词与专有名词，按题文同序寻读定位；比对选项与信息句，答案多为原文或极近表述。 多见于应用文清单、图表与事实陈述，题干常以 what、which、where 提问；失分多在定位偏移。 语义转换题 （3年31考） 先定位信息句，再识别词换词、短语换短语、正话反说三种改写；正确选项与原文是同义替换。 三年 31 题，占 54.4%。选项常改变词性、句式或语态，需跨句整合；见原词就选是主要失分点。 归纳概括题 （3年7考） 圈出文中两个以上信息点，用自己的话提炼共性，再与选项比对；关注转折、因果等提示词。 题干多为 What do we know about... 一类，需逐项比对四选项。答案常是长句的浓缩改写。 数字计算题 （3年5考） 以数字、百分比、价格为定位词回文取数，核对对象后作加减乘除，再与选项比对。 集中在价格、时长、场次与图表数据。重点不在运算，而在找准对象；漏加、错配是常见失分。 逻辑关系细节题 （3年9考） 由 Why、What made、aim 等信号锁定因果与目的，答案常在原因句、目的状语或转折之后。 多藏于实验设计与项目动机处。场景描写常被误当目的，属高频干扰。 ►考点01 直接细节题：原词定位与信息直取（3年5考） 直接细节题针对文中的具体事实设问，答案可在原文直接找到。它考的不是理解深度，而是定位精度——定位偏一句，选项就全错。三年五题，全部落在应用文的信息清单与说明文的事实陈述处。 01 原词复现与信息直取 常见的设题类型：原词复现、专名定位、题文同序、是非排除。 原词复现型 选项与原文几乎一模一样，只需仔细比对即可确定，答案多为信息出处的原句。 专名定位型 题干含人名、地名、大写字母、数字或时间，可据此直接回文锁定出处。 题文同序型 出题顺序与段落顺序基本一致，可按题号顺次向下寻读，逐步缩小检索范围。 方·法·技·巧 画出题干关键词 圈出专有名词、数字与核心动词，明确答题方向，避免回文时抓错重点。 按序寻读定位 依题文同序原则，从上一题出处向下寻读，用跳读锁定信息句，不逐词通读。 比对选项定案 把选项与信息句逐点对照，与题干设问方向一致的才选，眼熟不等于正确。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. 1. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 2.（2027届·浙江省金华十校11月联考）What is a Repair Café? Repair Cafés are free meeting places and they're all about repairing things (together). Visitors bring their broken items from home. There, they'll find tools and materials to help make any repairs they need. On clothes, furniture, electrical appliances, bicycles, toys etc. They'll also find expert volunteers, with repair skills in all kinds of fields. Together with the specialists they start making their repairs. It's an ongoing learning process. 2. What can visitors do in a Repair Café? A. Get free second-hand items. B. Buy repair tools and materials. C. Repair things with expert help. D. Exchange broken items for new ones. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段"Visitors bring their broken items from home. There, they'll find tools and materials to help make any repairs they need ... They'll also find expert volunteers .... Together with the specialists they start making their repairs”可知，来访者可带着破损物品，在专家志愿者帮助下一起修理。故选C。 02 图表与清单类信息的定位 常见的设题类型：表格取数、清单比对、分类条目、时段限定。 表格取数 赛事、票价、班次以表格呈现，须按行按列读全，防止只看一行就作答。 清单比对 项目、课程、场馆以条目排列，选项常改动其中一项的条件或对象。 分类条目 同一事物的不同类别分列，题干问某一类时须回到对应条目，勿跨类取信息。 时段限定 开放时间、截止日期、有效期限常排在小字处，选项靠改动时段制造错误。 易·错·提·示 只看首行 表格题须读全同一行或同一列的全部数据，遗漏一项即错。 错认对象 清单中相邻两项条件相近，选项常互换主语，须逐条核对名称。 忽略小字 开放时间、适用人群、附加条件多排在小字处，恰是设题点。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）Upcoming Football Events Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9    4:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v New Orleans Saints Sunday, August 10    5:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16    4:00 PM Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24    1:25 PM 1．Which team will play the most games at the stadium this month? A．Dallas Cowboys. B．Los Angeles Rams. C．Los Angeles Chargers. D．New Orleans Saints. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据Upcoming Football Events表格中的“Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9 4:00 PM；Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16  4:00 PM；Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24 1:25 PM (洛杉矶公羊队对阵达拉斯牛仔队，8月9日周六下午4点；洛杉矶闪电队对阵洛杉矶公羊队，8月16日周六下午4点；洛杉矶公羊队对阵休斯顿德州人队，8月24日周日下午1点25分)”可知，洛杉矶公羊队一共有三场比赛，参赛场次最多。 2.（2027届·浙江省强基联盟高三10月联考） ◆Life Chronicles □ 40 minutes From the first life forms to dinosaurs, then to large marine species, you explore lost worlds and different geological eras. Guided throughout your journey, you move freely through these fascinating, precisely recreated universes, and discover the great transformations that have shaped life on Earth. ◆Space Explorers □ 40 minutes The 40-minute immersive virtual reality experience draws from the Emmy Award-winning series of the same name. With 360° 3D shot during actual NASA missions inside and outside the International Space Station, this virtual journey allows the public to experience the “overview effect” live. ◆The Secret of the Builders of Khufu □ 43 minutes At daybreak, on the Giza plateau（高原）, you discover the excitement of building the Great Pyramid. Between the banks of the Nile and the monumental construction sites, you observe the techniques, the know-how, and the women and men who made this extraordinary project possible. ◆Tonight with the Impressionists □ 45 minutes At the heart of this evening, you will meet Monet, Renoir, Degas and their contemporaries, as they prepare to revolutionize the codes of painting. Between workshops, cafes and exhibition spaces, you observe emerging works and witness the birth of a major artistic movement. Full price: Adults: €29.50 per person Reduced price: €24.50 per person (People with reduced mobility, under 18s, or students) From 4 people: €21.50 per person 2. Which experience is adapted from a famous TV show? A. Life Chronicles. B. Space Explorers. C. The Secret of the Builders of Khufu. D. Tonight with the Impressionists. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。解析：在“Space Explorers”介绍中提到“draws from the Emmy Award-winning series of the same name”，说明该体验改编自同名获奖电视系列节目。其他三个项目均未提到改编自电视节目。故选B。 ►考点02 语义转换题：同义替换与句式改写（3年31考） 语义转换题是细节理解题的主体，三年 31 题，占 54.4%。答案不在原文表面：词被换掉，句式被改写，语态被翻转。识别这层替换，是这一考点的全部功夫。 01 同义替换的三种层级 常见的设题类型：词换词、短语换短语、正话反说、非对等结构。 词换词 用同义或近义词替换原文关键词，如 self-repair 换作 repair itself，词形变而语义不变。 短语换短语 用另一短语表达同一语义，如 to protect nature 换作 environmental protection。 正话反说 以否定形式表达肯定内容，或反之；须回文确认反说之后意思未变。 非对等结构 改变词性、句式或语态表达同一语义，需结合语法知识还原信息。 方·法·技·巧 锁定信息句 先用题干关键词定位原文，再选与信息句意思相近的选项，不凭眼熟作答。 分层识别替换 按词、短语、暗含之意逐层比对；替换怎么发生，要回原文核实，不自行脑补。 核对设问方向 选项与原文意思一致、且与题干所问一致，两个条件同时满足才是答案。 1.（2026·全国Ⅰ卷）Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1. What has the author come to realize about learning? A. It is never too late to start.　　 B. Motivation is what really matters. C. Children need role models.　　 D. Dictionaries are still a useful tool. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. (现在我明白了，虽然我的儿子可能以不同的方式学习，但他仍在学习。重要的不是单词本身或我们如何学习它们，而是想知道它们的欲望、好奇心和求知欲)”可知，作者意识到学习的真正关键在于动机和好奇心。末句 not about... but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite 把学习归为求知欲，curiosity 与 appetite 概括即 motivation，属暗含之意的替换。A、C 原文无据；D 与 It’s not about the words themselves 相反，属反向干扰。 2. （2027届·皖南八校高三10月联考） The other evening, my seven-year-old daughter Lily wandered into the kitchen, and asked me how soon her favorite cartoon would start. I just nodded my chin（下巴）toward the old round clock that had hung on our kitchen wall since before she was born. "When the big hand points straight up and the little hand is on eight,” I said. She went quiet for a moment. Then I heard her sigh, "But Mom, " she said, " that doesn't tell me numbers. My tablet gives me the time in numbers. Why can't you just tell me like normal?" It struck me then that Lily, who could unlock my phone, find her favorite app, and send voice messages to her grandmother in seconds, had never actually learned to read a clock face. She lived in a world of digital numbers, where time was just digits glowing （发亮）on a screen, not two hands moving slowly across a painted circle. 2. Why couldn't Lily tell when her cartoon would start? A. She had poor eyesight. B. She couldn't read clocks with hands. C. She didn't trust the old clock. D. She hadn't learned numbers yet. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中女儿的话"'But Mom,' she said,' that doesn't tell me numbers. My tablet gives me the time in numbers. Why can't you just tell me like normal?"以及第二段 “It struck me then that Lily .... had never actually learned to read a clock face. She lived in a world of digital numbers ...”可知， Lily 只会看电子屏幕上的数字时间，不会认指针式钟表。故选B。 02 跨句整合与长句简化 常见的设题类型：跨句整合、长句简化、指代还原、条件限定。 跨句整合 答案由相邻两三句合成，单看一句无法判断，须把条件与结论连起来读。 长句简化 原文以长句、插入语呈现，正确项是其浓缩改写，枝叶被删而主干保留。 指代还原 选项以名词复现，原文用 it、they、this 指代，须还原指代对象再比对。 条件限定 结论以 if、unless、as long as 为前提，选项抽掉条件即错。 易·错·提·示 停在半句 长句未读完就下结论，常把条件句当结论，把让步当因果。 指代错位 it、they 多回指前一句的主语而非最近的名词，还原错则全错。 只认原词 关键词已被同义替换，找不到原词就放弃，是最常见的失分方式。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷）Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. 1. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water.　　 B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering.　　 D. The type of plastic in water. 【答案】A 【解析】首句 relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate 给出决定条件，后文 300 毫克降 90%、不足 60 毫克仅降 25% 的对比坐实这一点；碳酸钙含量即水的硬度。B、C 原文未提；D 是研究的局限而非决定因素，属偷换概念。 2. （2026届·湖南新高考教学教研联盟（长郡20校）高三3月联考）· Become more flexible. Rather than repeating the same word or phrase many times in your work, try to find other ways to express your ideas. Look for SYN symbol to find synonyms（同义词）and also study the synonym notes. Look for word families and try using words in the same family that are different parts of speech (e.g. different, adjective and differ, verb). 2. What can you do to reduce repetition in your writing? A. Correct potential problems in advance. B. Use synonyms or explore word families. C. Ensure accurate and natural word pairings. D. Analyze examples of word usage in context. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。文章第三点"Become more flexible."中明确提到："Rather than repeating the same word or phrase many times in your work, try to find other ways to express your ideas. Look for SYN symbol to find synonyms（同义词）and also study the synonym notes. Look for word families …"。故选B。 ►考点03 归纳概括题：多点整合与逐项比对（3年7考） 归纳概括题要求把文中两个以上信息点合成一个结论。四个选项往往“看着都对”，差别在概括的边界：多一分是过度推断，少一分是以偏概全。 01 多点整合与逐项比对 常见的设题类型：多点归纳、共性提炼、逻辑整合、逐项比对。 多点归纳 需对两个以上信息点作归纳，靠单一原句无法选出答案。 共性提炼 问若干对象的共同点或相似经历，须逐一比对后提炼共性。 逻辑整合 借转折、因果、递进、让步等提示词理清逻辑，把零碎细节组成整体。 逐项比对 题干为 What do we know about...，须把四个选项逐一回文验正误。 干扰项来源 类型 特征 脱离原文编造 无中生有 选项是生活常识或普遍观点，文中并无相关信息。 摘抄原文改写 曲解文意 借原文词句另作发挥，看似表达文意，实则曲解。 扩缩范围 用 always、never、all 等绝对词，或把具体细节扩大为普遍现象。 偷梁换柱 句型与词汇近似原文，却在关键处换词，句意随之改变。 张冠李戴 选项内容是原文信息，但不是题干所问的对象。 方·法·技·巧 圈出信息点 把文中相关细节逐一标出，用自己的话各写一句，形成比对清单。 抓逻辑提示词 锁定转折、因果、递进、让步等词，判断信息的主次与方向。 限定概括边界 比原文多一层推断即为过度，少一个限定即为以偏概全。 1.（2026·全国Ⅱ卷）This nice Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights quickly became a destination for chef Henji Cheung’s Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson’s natural wine list that earned her a Michelin nod. Reserve a spot indoors, at its chef’s counter, or covered dog-friendly patio (露台), with creative wine tastings in the mix. Dinner hours: Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 p.m. — 9:00 p.m. (last seating); Friday and Saturday 5:00 p.m. — 9:30 p.m. (last seating). Closed on Sunday and Monday. 1. What do we know about the Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights? A. It is open only on weekdays.　　 B. It adopts a no-pet policy. C. It takes no reservations.　　 D. It serves only dinner. 【答案】D 【详解】细节理解题。根据Queen’s English部分中的“Dinner hours: Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 p.m. — 9:00 p.m. (last seating); Friday and Saturday 5:00 p.m. — 9:30 pm (last seating). Closed on Sunday and Monday.(晚餐营业时间：周二至周四下午5点30分到晚上9点；周五、周六下午5点到晚上9点30分；周日、周一歇业。)”可知，这家餐厅只供应晚餐。A 与 Friday and Saturday 矛盾；B 与 dog-friendly patio 相反；C 与 Reserve a spot 相反。三项均为正误倒置。 2.（2027届·成都树德中学10月检测）My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with rolls of exposed film and a hundred dollars in uncashed traveler's checks, and is asleep at the moment. His blue duffel （粗呢） bag lies on the floor where he dropped it. Obviously, he postponed as much sleep as he could: when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours. 2. During the trip, the author's son ________ . A. ran out of money B. forgot to call his mother C. had inadequate sleep D. failed to take good pictures 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。原文第一段：Obviously, he postponed as much sleep as he could（很明显，他一路上一直在熬着、推迟睡觉），回家之后倒头大睡，说明旅途期间睡眠不足（had inadequate sleep）。A：没用光钱（旅行支票都没兑换，错）；B：他给妈妈打了三次电话，没有忘记（错）；D：文中只说带了胶卷，没说拍不好照片（无依据）。故选C。 ►考点04 数字计算题：数据读取与简单运算（3年5考） 数字计算题集中在应用文的价格、时长、场次与图表占比。它考的不是算术，而是取数：对象对不对，单位统不统一。 01 数据读取与简单运算 常见的设题类型：四则运算、百分比换算、特别数据、区间对照。 四则运算 对时间、数量、价格、距离作加减乘除，重点在取数准确而非计算难度。 百分比换算 原文给分数或比例，如 one third、1 in 5，选项以百分数呈现，须换算后比对。 特别数据 double、fortnight、dozen、score、decade、off、discount 等表达须先释义。 区间对照 数据散见标题、表格与相邻条目，须并置后比较，不能只取一处。 方·法·技·巧 锁定数字定位词 把题干中的数字、百分比、价格、时间圈为定位词，直接回文取数。 核对取数对象 确认数据属于题干所问的对象，防止把相邻条目的数字拿来用。 运算后比对 先算再比，注意单位与区间；漏加、错配、看错单位是三类常见错误。 1.（2025·全国Ⅰ卷）.Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 1. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%.　　 B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%.　　 D. 86.1%. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。A 是航空占比；B 只取客运、漏加货运；D 为拼凑数。三项均因取数不全或错配对象而错。故选C项。 2.（2026届·浙江省宁波市二模）Program Timeline May 10 Applications due By May 20 Selected participants notified; agreements signed June 1 - 28 Device testing period July 18 Final feedback survey due 2. How long are participants expected to test the device? A. 18 days. B. 20 days. C. 28 days. D. 30 days. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据图表信息June 1 - 28 Device testing period可知，设备测试是在6.1到6.28。故选C项。 ►考点05 逻辑关系细节题：因果、目的与方式（3年9考） 逻辑关系细节题问的是“为什么”“为了什么”“怎么做到”。答案不在事实本身，而在事实之间的关系：原因句、目的状语、方式说明。 01 因果、目的与方式的定位 常见的设题类型：原因定位、目的定位、方式定位、条件限定。 原因定位 题干问 Why 或 What led to，答案在 because、since、as 引导的原因句或结果之前的叙述。 目的定位 问 aim、purpose 或 Why does sb. do sth.，答案在不定式、so as to 或项目介绍首句。 方式定位 问 How，答案在 by doing、through、with 等介词短语或步骤说明。 条件限定 结论以 if、unless、as long as 为前提，选项抽掉条件即错。 易·错·提·示 把场景当目的 场景描写只是背景，目的通常在项目介绍的末句或转折之后。 因果倒置 原文“因 A 致 B”，选项写成“因 B 致 A”，须核对方向。 抽掉条件 原文有条件限定，选项改为无条件成立，属扩缩范围。 1.（2026·全国Ⅱ卷）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 1. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy.　　 B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation.　　 D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。A、D 原文无据；B 把乘客这一场景信息误当目的，属无中生有。 2.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 1. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university.　　 B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient.　 　 D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 【答案】C 【解析】他因背痛试针、两三次治疗后好转，随后想到 What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients，自身受惠是直接动因。A 与 started out as a more conventional veterinarian 相悖；B 原文无另一位兽医；D 属无中生有。 3. （2027届·浙江省浙南名校联盟高三10月联考）Sather Tower, also known as the Campanile, is one of the University of California, Berkeley's most beloved symbols. At 307 feet, it is the second-tallest freestanding clock and bell tower in the world. From the observation platform, visitors can enjoy a spectacular view of the Bay Area. The platform is accessible via an elevator and 38 stairs. Three daily concerts are held at 7:50 am, 12:00 pm, and 6:00 pm. The Campanile is truly not to be missed. 3. Why is Sather Tower considered a must-see? A. It offers great views. B. It is easy to access. C. It holds free concerts. D. It is the tallest tower. 【答案】A 【详解】细节理解题。文章第一段指出，From the observation platform, visitors can enjoy a spectacular view of the Bay Area.从观景平台游客可以欣赏到湾区的壮观景色，并说"The Campanile is truly not to be missed"，说明它值得一看的主要原因是景色优美。故选A。 A 高考真题 （一） （2025·全国二卷）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 1．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 2．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A．They appeal more to students. B．They purify the environment. C．They raise the cortisol level. D．They enhance productivity. 3．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A．The necessity of social skills. B．The meaning of sustainability. C．The importance of repeated efforts. D．The value of professional opinions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 （二） （2025·全国一卷）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 2．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 3．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 4．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者回忆自己通过纸质词典学习单词的经历，并与儿子使用电子设备查询单词的方式形成对比，最终意识到学习的本质在于好奇心与求知欲。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. (不久前，我上五年级的儿子Kevin问我一本小说里某个词的意思。“查字典，”我回答。“但是我的屏幕使用时间已经用完了，”他说。我刻意地看向放着至少三本字典的书架，Kevin夸张地叹了口气。“你就不能用你的手机查吗？”他问道。)”可知，作者提示Kevin用纸质词典查单词，但他想用手机，说明Kevin通常使用电子设备来获取单词的意思。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” (我取下一本字典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后我把它递给了他。他试了好几次才找到那个词。在翻阅书页时，他睁大眼睛不停地说：“怎么会有这么多单词?”)”可知，Kevin查字典才发现有那么多单词，他感到很惊讶。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. (我的第一本字典是我13岁生日时的礼物。我决定要尽可能多地学习单词，并开始用铅笔在我查过的每个词条旁做标记来衡量自己的进步。我持续做这些铅笔标记多年，上大学时，我把那本字典装进了行李箱)”可知，作者的第一本字典见证了她进入大学之前的整个努力过程。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. (现在我明白了，虽然我的儿子可能以不同的方式学习，但他仍在学习。重要的不是单词本身或我们如何学习它们，而是想知道它们的欲望、好奇心和求知欲)”可知，作者意识到学习的真正关键在于动机和好奇心。 B 优秀模拟题 （一） （2026·陕西省榆林·二模）What’s a BioBlitz? Join us for a unique opportunity to contribute to science while exploring the outdoors. Capture photos of plants, birds, insects, and other fascinating wildlife you come across. Share your observations to assist scientists in monitoring biodiversity and tracking rare species. Enhance Your Experience While a camera is all you need, bringing binoculars, magnifying glasses, or nets can help uncover even more hidden wonders. If you don’t have these tools, don’t worry — rentals are available on-site. A Festival of Nature In addition to the BioBlitz, enjoy various activities suitable for all ages: Biodiversity-Seeking Hikes: Explore local ecosystems with the guidance of experts. Plant-Based Cooking Classes: Learn how to make flavourful dishes using natural ingredients. Nature-Based Crafts and Art: Express your creativity through nature-inspired crafts. Plant-as-Medicine Stations: Discover the healing properties of different plants. Click on schedule for a full list of events. Things to Remember Footwear: Wear sturdy (结实的) shoes or hiking boots, as the trails may be wet or muddy. Food: Bring your own picnic lunch or dinner. Cash: Some activities require a fee, so bring cash if you wish to participate. Fee-Based Activities Age 5-12 Age 13-18+ Cooking Class ($ 10) Nature Journaling+ Drawing Lesson ($ 15) Nature-Based Crafts ($ 10) Art in the Park ( $ 10) Tools for Rent Binoculars: $15 Magnifying Glasses: $5 Nets: $5 Drawing kits: $10 1．What is the purpose of participating in the BioBlitz? A．To teach outdoor biology lessons. B．To learn photography skills in nature. C．To win prizes for discovering rare species. D．To document wildlife for scientific research. 2．Which activity offers outdoor exploration led by specialists? A．Biodiversity-Seeking Hikes. B．Plant-Based Cooking Classes. C．Nature-Based Crafts and Art. D．Plant-as-Medicine Stations. 3．How much will it cost at most to attend a drawing lesson with rental drawing kits? A．$15. B．$20. C．$25. D．$30. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了BioBlitz 自然活动，参与者拍摄野生物种助力科研。活动含专家徒步等项目，部分项目与工具租赁收费，参与者需备好合适装备与现金。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“What’s a BioBlitz?”中的“Share your observations to assist scientists in monitoring biodiversity and tracking rare species.( 分享你的观察结果，以协助科学家监测生物多样性和追踪稀有物种。)”可知，参加该活动的目的是记录野生动物以供科学研究。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“A Festival of Nature”部分中的“Biodiversity-Seeking Hikes: Explore local ecosystems with the guidance of experts.( 寻找生物多样性徒步：在专家的指导下探索当地生态系统。)”可知，由专家带领的户外探索活动是Biodiversity-Seeking Hikes。 3．细节计算题。根据“Fee-Based Activities”表格可知，参加绘画课（Nature Journaling+ Drawing Lesson）的费用为15$；根据“ToolsforRent”部分可知，租用绘画工具包（Drawingkits）的费用为10$。因此，参加绘画课并租用工具包的总费用为 15+10 = $25。 （二） (26-27高三·广东湛江·调研)We invite you to step behind the photos and into art, advocacy and science, all about our blue planet. Through a series of absorbing discussions, you will join an extraordinary gathering of world-class photographers, scientists, and explorers to explore how storytelling can translate the ocean’s complex beauty into a universal call for its conservation. Sessions Content Keynote Session Join world-famous marine scientist, explorer, and photographer Laurent Ballesta for a special keynote event. Go behind the scenes of his ground-breaking Gombessa expeditions (探险) and discover the pioneering ocean achievements that redefined deep-sea exploration. Focusing the Frame Bringing together three distinct visual storytellers, this session will explore how ocean photography can be used as a powerful driving force for marine health, cultural awareness, and environmental policy. Featuring marine conservation photographer Maryline Renault, ocean adventure photographer Erik Witkopf, and National Geographic Explorer and biologist Lana Tannir, this session will dive beneath the surface of beautiful photography to examine the responsibility behind the lens (镜头). The Camera and the Lens Underwater photography can transform large amounts of scientific data into moments of wonder, using the camera lens as an invitation into new marine discoveries. Featuring marine ecology engineer, tech diver, and underwater photographer Thomas Pavey, filmmaker and photographer Dan Mele, and world-famous underwater explorer Laurent Ballesta, this session will examine how breathtaking visual storytelling bridges the gap between complex ocean science and ordinary people’s fascination. Oceanographic’s Storytellers in Residence This session will bring together three distinct voices to offer a behind-the-lens look into the lives, craft, and expeditions of Oceanographic's own Storytellers in Residence. Featuring the award-winning underwater photographer Henley Spiers, marine biologist and expedition leader Mads St Clair, and ocean artist and conservationist Francesca Page, this panel will explore diversity in creative mediums to protect our ocean. 1． What do the storytelling sessions aim to do? A．Display amazing ocean photos. B．Inspire ocean protection efforts. C．Promote marine explorer careers. D．Train skilled marine photographers. 2． Which helps the public access marine science through scientific photography? A．Keynote Session. B．Focusing the Frame. C．The Camera and the Lens. D．Oceanographic's Storytellers in Residence. 3． What can we know about marine exploration? A．It involves a range of fields. B．It turns complex stories into plain data. C．It values storytelling above science. D．It guarantees creative media diversity. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一场海洋主题系列分享活动，该活动汇聚多领域专业人士，通过多场主题分会探讨海洋叙事在海洋保护、科普传播等方面的作用。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Through a series of absorbing discussions, you will join an extraordinary gathering of world-class photographers, scientists, and explorers to explore how storytelling can translate the ocean's complex beauty into a universal call for its conservation.(通过一系列引人入胜的讨论，你将加入由世界级摄影师、科学家和探险家组成的非凡集会，探究叙事如何将海洋的繁复之美转化为保护海洋的普遍呼吁。)”可知，这些叙事分享环节的核心是将海洋之美转化为保护号召，目的是激发大众的海洋保护行动。 2．细节理解题。根据The Camera and the Lens板块中的“Underwater photography can transform large amounts of scientific data into moments of wonder, using the camera lens as an invitation into new marine discoveries. Featuring marine ecology engineer, tech diver, and underwater photographer Thomas Pavey, filmmaker and photographer Dan Mele, and world-famous underwater explorer Laurent Ballesta, this session will examine how breathtaking visual storytelling bridges the gap between complex ocean science and ordinary people's fascination.(水下摄影能够将大量科学数据转化为充满惊喜的瞬间，以镜头为引带领人们探索全新的海洋发现。本场环节由海洋生态工程师、技术潜水员兼水下摄影师托马斯·帕维，电影制作人兼摄影师丹·梅尔，以及世界知名水下探险家洛朗·巴莱斯塔参与，将探究震撼的视觉叙事如何弥合复杂的海洋科学与大众兴趣之间的鸿沟。)”可知，该环节借助水下摄影搭建起专业海洋科学与普通大众之间的桥梁，能够帮助公众通过科学摄影接触海洋科学知识。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We invite you to step behind the photos and into art, advocacy and science, all about our blue planet.(我们邀请你走进照片背后，深入了解与这颗蓝色星球相关的艺术、公益倡导与科学领域。)”可知，本次海洋主题活动覆盖了艺术、环保倡导、科学等多个维度，各环节嘉宾也涵盖摄影、生物、工程、探险等不同专业背景。由此可推断，海洋探索涉及多个不同的领域。 （三） (26-27高三·浙江嘉兴·一模) “Was that kind of a big waste of money?” my 12-year-old son asked. He was referring to my recent graduation from a year-long college program in book and magazine publishing, after my fourteen years as a stay-at-home parent. Now that I’d graduated, the big question I was avoiding came: what now? I guess the question for me actually was, why had I returned to learning in the first place? I’d worked in public relations for years. After the birth of my first child, I felt exhausted, with no remote work or $10-a-day childcare. My entire paycheck would be handed over to a stranger to look after my baby while I dragged myself into a work environment that was becoming psychologically damaging. My heart struggled to make sense of that math. My decision to stay at home was strengthened when my family experienced a sudden relocation and unexpected life transitions. All at once I was aware of how brief and precious early childhood could be. I wanted to drink in every minute with my baby. And so I stayed. Two more babies arrived. One year turned into two, and into fourteen. The “what now?” question ran deep then. I encountered Times Change, a non-profit helping women re-enter the workforce, which pushed me to sign up for a publishing program awakening me to the meaning of my life, who I was and, quite simply, what I liked. I was the only mature student among twenty-something women. And I graduated. The same question now resurfaces. Recently I heard novelist Leslie Jamison talk about the desire to “throw herself off a creative cliff (悬崖)”. I now understand the cliff is not a dead end but a starting line. So, here I am, with a mother’s recognition that my future is finite (有限的), and my feet are at the edge of an imaginary cliff. 1． What did the son’s question remind the author of? A．The cost of her college program. B．The value of her staying at home. C．The plan for her publishing a book. D．The uncertainty about her next step. 2． Why did the author finally decide to be a stay-at-home mother? A．To escape her workplace. B．To cut childcare expenses. C．To bond more with her child. D．To avoid psychological damage. 3． How did Times Change influence the author? A．It offered her parenting skills. B．It reminded her of her life value. C．It eased her care-giving pressure. D．It enabled her to rejoin the workforce. 4． What has the author come to realize about her experience? A．Family comes first. B．It’s never too late to start over. C．Patience pays off. D．Learning guarantees possibilities. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述一位全职妈妈重返校园学习，重新思考人生方向、勇敢开启新起点的故事。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的““Was that kind of a big waste of money?” my 12-year-old son asked. He was referring to my recent graduation from a year-long college program in book and magazine publishing, after my fourteen years as a stay-at-home parent. Now that I’d graduated, the big question I was avoiding came: what now? I guess the question for me actually was, why had I returned to learning in the first place?(“这么做是不是有点太浪费钱了？” 我 12 岁的儿子问道。他指的是，在做了十四年全职家长之后，我最近完成了为期一年的图书与杂志出版专业大学课程并顺利毕业。既然已经毕业了，那个我一直回避的重大问题随之而来：接下来该怎么办？我想，真正困扰我的问题其实是：我当初究竟为什么要重返校园学习？)” 可知，儿子的问题让作者想起自己对下一步的迷茫和不确定。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“All at once I was aware of how brief and precious early childhood could be. I wanted to drink in every minute with my baby.(我突然意识到幼儿时期是多么短暂而珍贵。我想要尽情享受和宝宝在一起的每一分钟。)” 可知，作者选择做全职妈妈，是为了多陪伴孩子，和孩子建立亲密联结。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I encountered Times Change, a non-profit helping women re-enter the workforce, which pushed me to sign up for a publishing program awakening me to the meaning of my life, who I was and, quite simply, what I liked.(我遇到了Times Change，这是一个帮助女性重返职场的非营利组织，它促使我报名参加出版课程，唤醒了我对生命意义、自我身份以及自己喜好的认知。)” 可知，这个组织让作者重新认识自我、意识到自身的生命价值。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I now understand the cliff is not a dead end but a starting line. So, here I am, with a mother’s recognition that my future is finite (有限的), and my feet are at the edge of an imaginary cliff.(我现在明白悬崖不是绝境，而是起跑线。所以，我站在这里，作为一名母亲清楚自己剩下的时光有限，双脚正站在想象中的悬崖边缘。)” 可知，作者做了14年全职妈妈，中年重新学习毕业之后，意识到所谓的“创意悬崖”不是死路而是起跑线，明白未来虽然有限，但站在全新的起点上随时可以重新出发，作者感悟到重新出发永远不晚。 （四） (26-27高三·浙江绍兴·一模) Humans have been telling stories for millennia, which have long served to teach morals or make sense of the world. Lately, the advance of generative AI models that can invent a story from user prompts (提示词), using online works as a guide, has revealed and then sustained blind spots. Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) have found that AI not only preserves gender biases in children’s animal stories, where characters are highly ambiguous, but actually makes these biases worse. “Some human writers reportedly turn animal characters into universal subjects who go beyond identity categories,” said UW machine learning researcher Imani Finkley. Unexpectedly, further research shows those biases are actually more evident in animal stories than in human stories, reflecting stronger stereotypes (刻板印象) brought by real-life authors. This makes animal stories a striking test case for large-language models. The study tasked six leading AI models with writing stories about talking animals whose gender was unstated. The findings were quite alarming. Among 23,800 AI responses, females were “virtually absent”, present in just 2 percent of stories. Characters were either described as male or left without an assigned gender. Though people know AI models reflect the data that they’ve been trained on, the bias seems to have been boosted in this case. “Our hypothesis is that these AI models are using neutrality to avoid gender bias — either with ‘it/its’ pronouns or no pronouns, but it ends up erasing female characters”, said UW information scientist Melanie Walsh. Beyond gender, researchers noticed another feature of AI writing: a more generic and repetitive approach, which is likely a reflection of the underlying training. With AI being increasingly used as a tool for scientific research, this study is an important reminder that the biases and indeed accuracy of these “intelligent” models depend on the inputs they consume. “There’s this odd phenomenon where people forget to worry about human social biases when they’re imagining animal stories. AI is replicating that tendency and reshaping it”, said Finkley. While children’s books are often a little silly, they shape early conceptions of gender roles. 1．What led researchers to test AI models using animal story writing? A．Its more obvious gender biases. B．Its significant role in human life. C．Its simpler processing prompts. D．Its unique character identity category. 2．What can we infer from the research findings? A．Pronouns ensure equal representation. B．AI models exclude females by design. C．Gender-free stories appeal to kids’ taste. D．Neutral wording brings opposite effects. 3．What mainly accounts for the gender biases in AI writing? A．The input of common writing techniques. B．The model of the researchers’ mindset. C．The pre-existing biases in the input data. D．The impact of people’s misconceptions. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．AI Writing Relies on People’s Views B．AI Writing Reflects and Worsens Biases C．AI Models Erase Female Characters D．AI Outshines and Replaces Storytellers 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍研究发现生成式人工智能在创作动物故事时会放大性别刻板印象，并分析背后成因。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unexpectedly, further research shows those biases are actually more evident in animal stories than in human stories, reflecting stronger stereotypes (刻板印象) brought by real-life authors. This makes animal stories a striking test case for large-language models.(出人意料的是，进一步研究表明，这类偏见在动物故事里比在人物故事中更加明显，体现出现实作者带来的更强刻板印象。这使得动物故事成为大语言模型极具代表性的测试样本。)”可知，动物故事中更加明显的性别偏见，促使研究者选用这项任务测试人工智能模型。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Our hypothesis is that these AI models are using neutrality to avoid gender bias — either with ‘it/its’ pronouns or no pronouns, but it ends up erasing female characters”, said UW information scientist Melanie Walsh. (华盛顿大学信息科学家梅兰妮·沃尔什说：“我们的假设是，这些人工智能模型借助中性表达来规避性别偏见，要么使用‘it/its’这类代词，要么不用代词，但这最终会让女性角色被抹去。”)”可知，人工智能想用中性表述规避偏见，却取得相反的结果。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“With AI being increasingly used as a tool for scientific research, this study is an important reminder that the biases and indeed accuracy of these “intelligent” models depend on the inputs they consume.(随着人工智能越来越多地用作科研工具，这项研究给出重要提醒：这些“智能”模型存在的偏见以及准确度，都取决于它们所接收的输入素材。)”可知，人工智能写作里的性别偏见主要源于输入数据中原有的偏见。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) have found that AI not only preserves gender biases in children’s animal stories, where characters are highly ambiguous, but actually makes these biases worse.(华盛顿大学的研究者发现，人工智能不仅保留儿童动物故事中的性别偏见，还会让这类偏见变得更加严重。)”以及后文对偏见来源、造成影响的阐述可知，全文围绕人工智能生成故事展开，点明它会承袭训练素材中的固有偏见，还会进一步加剧偏见，“AI Writing Reflects and Worsens Biases(AI 生成的文字会反映并且加剧偏见)”能够完整概括文章主线，适合作为最佳标题。 （五） (25-26高三·江苏盐城·4月调研) My teacher uses a cane (拐杖)now but often leaves it aside when visiting. “Don’t treat me like an old man,” he says, as softly as 60 years ago. Back in 1965, he — my composition teacher, Mr. Youngs — was a novelty. The summer before his senior year of college, he rode a motor scooter across the country, sleeping under the stars, befriending strangers at campgrounds, and recording his thoughts in a notebook. I understood, from the snippets (片段)Mr. Youngs shared with us, that his trip had been both an adventure and a journey of self-discovery. I realized I could have a life different from the path laid out by private schools and dancing lessons. I could leave the East Coast, for example, and I did. I could embrace my identity as a writer, and I did. Mr. Youngs’ influence on us extended to reading as well as writing. Under his instruction, we moved from stories about magic and talking animals to books with human characters our own age. He read aloud to us from Jack Schaefer’s 1949 novel Shane. Bob, the story’s narrator, observed the adult world and felt adult emotions just as we did — without fully comprehending them. Through such stories, we learned that fiction could help us understand life. This year, Mr. Youngs established a writing scholarship in his name and mine at Dedham Country Day School. Together, we met with students to discuss how education leads to future careers. Remarkably, Mr. Youngs still kept some of our 1965 compositions, as well as some of his lesson plans about similes, personification, and the use of vivid words — all lessons that have been threaded through my writing ever since. We also spoke about another shared concern for the natural world. I invited the students to commit to one small act to help reduce climate change. One wrote, “I will write a book from the perspective of animals threatened by climate change. I hope it will change hearts.” He may no longer ride a motor scooter, but my teacher is still changing lives. And now, because of him, so am I. 1．What made Mr. Youngs a “novelty” ? A．Walking with the aid of a cane. B．Sharing his thoughts online. C．Teaching motor scooter riding. D．Having a cross-country trip. 2．How did Mr. Youngs influence the author? A．He taught her to write adventure stories. B．He inspired her to choose a different life path. C．He encouraged her to read magic animal tales. D．He advised her to value private school education. 3．What did the author and Mr. Youngs do together recently? A．Raising students’ eco-awareness. B．Collecting students’ compositions. C．Offering students career opportunities. D．Writing books about endangered animals. 4．What’s the article mainly about? A．Mr. Youngs’ adventurous youth. B．The way to be a successful writer. C．A teacher’s long-lasting influence. D．The importance of writing courses. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文作者回忆了其六年级时的作文老师Youngs先生年轻时的独特经历，以及他多年来在写作、阅读和环保理念上对作者产生的深远影响。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Back in 1965, he — my composition teacher, Mr. Youngs — was a novelty. The summer before his senior year of college, he rode a motor scooter across the country, sleeping under the stars, befriending strangers at campgrounds, and recording his thoughts in a notebook. (早在1965年，我的作文老师扬斯先生是个与众不同的人。大学大四前的那个夏天，他骑着踏板摩托车横穿全国，露宿星空下，在露营地结识陌生人，还在笔记本记录所思所想。)”可知，横穿全国的骑行经历让Youngs先生显得与众不同。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I realized I could have a life different from the path laid out by private schools and dancing lessons. I could leave the East Coast, for example, and I did. I could embrace my identity as a writer, and I did. (我意识到自己可以摆脱私立学校和舞蹈课规划好的人生轨迹，拥有不一样的人生。比如我离开了东海岸，也如愿成为一名作家。)”可知，老师启发了作者选择了不一样的人生道路。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“We also spoke about another shared concern for the natural world. I invited the students to commit to one small act to help reduce climate change. (我们还聊到双方都关心的自然环境，我号召学生用小事助力减缓气候变化。)”可知，二人一同提升学生的环保意识。 4．通读全文，文章从过去老师对作者的启蒙，写到如今老师依然在教育一线设立奖学金并影响学生，最后点题“He may no longer ride a motor scooter, but my teacher is still changing lives. (他可能不再骑摩托车了，但我的老师仍在改变着生命。)”。C选项“A teacher’s long-lasting influence (一位老师持久的影响)”最能概括全文主旨。 （六） (25-26高三·广东省华南师范大学附属中学·月考)A few weeks ago, I called an Uber to take me to the Boston airport for a flight home for the holidays. As I slid into the back seat of the car, the warm intonations (语调) of the driver’s accent washed over me in a familiar way. I learned that he was a recent West African immigrant with a few young children, working hard to provide for his family. I could relate: I am the daughter of two Ethiopian immigrants who made their share of sacrifices to ensure my success. I told him I was on a college break and headed home to visit my parents. That’s how he found out I go to Harvard. An approving eye glinted at me in the rearview window (后视镜), and quickly, we crossed the boundaries of rider and driver. I became his daughter, all grown up — the product of his sacrifice. And then came the fateful question: “What do you study?” I answered “history and literature” and the pride in his voice faded, as I knew it might. I didn’t even get to add “and African-American studies” before he cut in, his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?” Here I was, his daughter, squandering the biggest opportunity of her life. He went on to deliver the age-old lecture that all immigrant kids know. We are to become doctors (or lawyers, if our parents are being generous) — to make money and send money back home. The unspoken demand, made across generations which my Uber driver laid out plainly, is simple: Fulfill your role in the narrative of upward mobility so your children can do the same. I used to feel anxious and backed into a corner by the questioning, but now as a junior in college, I’m grateful for their support more than anything. This holiday season, I’ve promised myself I won’t huff and get annoyed at their inquiries. I won’t defensively respond with “but I plan to go to law school” when I get unrequested advice. I’ll just smile and nod, and enjoy the warmth of the occasion. 1．What disappointed the driver? A．The sacrifice of the author’s parents. B．The author’s choice of major at college. C．The author’s casual attitude towards study. D．The author’s poor academic performance at Harvard. 2．Which word can replace the underlined word “squandering” in Paragraph 4? A．Wasting. B．Replacing. C．Valuing. D．Expecting. 3．Why are immigrant kids expected to become doctors or lawyers according to the passage? A．To gain higher social respect and recognition. B．To fulfill the unachieved dreams of their parents. C．To secure financial success and family advancement. D．To gain easier access to top universities like Harvard. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the driver’s questioning? A．Critical. B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述作者与一位西非移民Uber司机的对话经历，展现移民家庭对子女从事高薪职业的期望，以及作者面对这种期望从焦虑转为包容的心态变化。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“And then came the fateful question: “What do you study?” I answered “history and literature” and the pride in his voice faded, as I knew it might. I didn’t even get to add “and African-American studies” before he cut in, his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?”(然后出现了那个决定性的问题：“你学的什么？”我回答说“历史和文学”，我听得出他声音中的自豪感消失了，正如我所预料的那样。我甚至还没来得及补充“还有非裔美国人研究”，他就打断了我，声音里充满了失望：“为了进哈佛费那么大劲，你居然学历史？”)”可知，令这位司机感到失望的是作者学习的专业。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?(他的声音里充满了失望：“为了进哈佛费那么大劲，你居然学历史？”)”以及划线词所在句下文“He went on to deliver the age-old lecture that all immigrant kids know. We are to become doctors (or lawyers, if our parents are being generous) — to make money and send money back home.(随后，他继续讲着所有移民家庭孩子都耳熟能详的“老生常谈”：我们这些移民后代，就该去当医生（要是父母放宽要求，当个律师也行）——赚钱养家，还要往老家寄钱)”可知，司机认为移民后代应该学医、学法律等，而作者努力考上哈佛大学却选择学历史是在浪费这个机会，由此可知，划线单词所在句“Here I was, his daughter, squandering the biggest opportunity of her life.(在他看来，我这个 “女儿”，简直是在squandering人生中这难得的机遇。)”中的划线单词squandering应是“浪费”含义。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“He went on to deliver the age-old lecture that all immigrant kids know. We are to become doctors (or lawyers, if our parents are being generous) — to make money and send money back home. The unspoken demand, made across generations which my Uber driver laid out plainly, is simple: Fulfill your role in the narrative of upward mobility so your children can do the same.(他继续讲着所有移民孩子都知道的老生常谈。我们要成为医生（或者律师，如果我们的父母够慷慨的话）——赚钱并寄钱回家。我的优步（Uber）司机清楚地阐述了几代人的潜要求，很简单：在向上流动的故事中发挥你的作用，这样你的孩子也能这样做。)”可知，移民父母希望孩子成为医生或律师，目的是赚钱、寄钱回家，并且完成阶层向上流动的使命，让下一代也能如此。由此可知，移民孩子被期望成为医生或律师是为了从事高收入职业来获得经济上的成功，推动家族发展。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I used to feel anxious and backed into a corner by the questioning, but now as a junior in college, I’m grateful for their support more than anything. This holiday season, I’ve promised myself I won’t huff and get annoyed at their inquiries. I won’t defensively respond with “but I plan to go to law school” when I get unrequested advice. I’ll just smile and nod, and enjoy the warmth of the occasion.(以前，每次被问到这类问题，我都会满心焦虑，仿佛被逼到了墙角；但如今，作为一名大三学生，我心里更多的是对他们这份期许的感激。这个假期，我暗自下定决心：再听到这样的询问，我不会再烦躁地抱怨，也不会急着辩解 “我以后打算读法学院” 来回应这些主动送上的建议。我会笑着点点头，好好享受当下这份温情。)”可知，作者以前面对这类提问会感到焦虑，但现在作为大三学生，更多的是感激他们的支持，还决心不会再对这些询问感到烦躁，只会微笑点头。这体现出作者对司机的质疑持包容、体谅的态度。故选B项。 （七） (26-27高三·沈阳市东北育才学校·一模)Avi Mohan Kumar Shukla, a young high school student from Jharkhand, India, has built a low-cost AI-powered device that protects local farmers’ crops from frequent wildlife attacks. He developed the system, named Innobox, after seeing villagers suffer heavy losses from wild elephants and monkeys that destroy farmland overnight. For years, farmers in the remote village of Rasabeda have struggled with this problem. Herds of elephants trample entire harvests after dark, and monkeys raid fields by day, ruining months of hard work in just hours. Families take turns sleeping in their fields, shouting and throwing stones to scare animals away, but these traditional methods bring little long-term relief and often put people at risk. Avi began working on his invention in his spare time, turning his bedroom into a makeshift (临时的) laboratory. The nearest electronics store was over a dozen kilometers away, and he had to make repeated trips for components. Balancing innovation with schoolwork was not easy. He often worked late into the night, testing and adjusting the device through repeated failures. The Innobox uses a seismic (地震波的) sensor to detect ground vibrations from large animals up to 50 meters away, and a radar system to cut down false alarms from small creatures. An AI camera further identifies the animal species with over 85 per cent accuracy. When a threat is confirmed, the device sets off a siren (警报器) and flashing lights to drive animals away without harming them. Since the device was deployed in the village, crop damage has dropped sharply. Farmers no longer need to keep night watches, and their income has become more stable. Avi hopes his work will inspire more young people to turn classroom learning into solutions for real-world problems. 1．Why do local farmers require the AI-powered device? A．They quit farming fully. B．They earn much from crop sales. C．They reject new farming tools. D．They suffer heavy crop losses. 2．Why is the radar system added to the Innobox? A．To send warnings. B．To reduce false alarms. C．To identify animal species. D．To make loud warning sounds. 3．It can be learned from the text that Avi’s invention ________. A．harms wild animals. B．gets big firm support. C．results from his independent efforts. D．uses costly components. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A teen’s crop-protecting invention. B．Wildlife in rural India. C．The development of smart farming. D．Ways to guard crops. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了一名印度高中生发明低成本AI设备Innobox，帮助当地农民保护庄稼免受野生动物侵害的故事。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He developed the system, named Innobox, after seeing villagers suffer heavy losses from wild elephants and monkeys that destroy farmland overnight. (他开发了这个名为Innobox的系统，是因为看到村民们因野生大象和猴子一夜之间毁坏农田而遭受重大损失)”可知，当地农民需要这个AI设备是因为他们遭受严重的庄稼损失。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The Innobox uses a seismic (地震波的) sensor to detect ground vibrations from large animals up to 50 meters away, and a radar system to cut down false alarms from small creatures. (Innobox使用地震波传感器探测50米外大型动物产生的地面震动，并使用雷达系统减少小型生物引起的误报)”可知，添加雷达系统是为了减少误报。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Avi began working on his invention in his spare time, turning his bedroom into a makeshift (临时的) laboratory. The nearest electronics store was over a dozen kilometers away, and he had to make repeated trips for components. Balancing innovation with schoolwork was not easy. He often worked late into the night, testing and adjusting the device through repeated failures. (Avi在业余时间开始研究他的发明，把卧室变成了临时实验室。最近的电子商店在十几公里外，他不得不反复前往购买元件。平衡创新与学业并不容易。他经常工作到深夜，通过反复失败来测试和调整设备)”可推知，Avi的发明来自他独立的努力。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Avi Mohan Kumar Shukla, a young high school student from Jharkhand, India, has built a low-cost AI-powered device that protects local farmers’ crops from frequent wildlife attacks. (来自印度贾坎德邦的年轻高中生Avi Mohan Kumar Shukla制造了一种低成本的AI驱动设备，保护当地农民的庄稼免受频繁的野生动物袭击)”以及最后一段“Since the device was deployed in the village, crop damage has dropped sharply. Farmers no longer need to keep night watches, and their income has become more stable. Avi hopes his work will inspire more young people to turn classroom learning into solutions for real-world problems. (自从该设备在村里部署以来，庄稼损失急剧下降。农民不再需要守夜，他们的收入也变得更加稳定。Avi希望他的工作能激励更多年轻人将课堂学习转化为解决现实问题的方案)”可知，文章主要讲述了一名印度高中生发明AI设备Innobox来保护庄稼免受野生动物侵害的故事。故A项“A teen’s crop-protecting invention. (一名青少年的护庄稼发明)”能概括文章内容。 （八） (25-26高三下·河北衡水中学·月考)Maya Martinez, a high school senior living in a fog-covered coastal village in North California, noticed that the community garden was gradually drying up during the driest summer on record. While the villagers remained helpless, Maya chose to spend her afternoons carefully observing the thick mist that rolled in from the sea. Maya had already identified a critical fault in traditional fog-collecting mesh nets (网状网): they frequently became blocked by the very water drops they caught, which severely reduced their effectiveness. Digging deeper into solutions, Maya found a novel device designed by two scientists — the “Fog Harp (竖琴)”. Maya decided to use the handy materials to create her own “Fog Harp”. At first, neighbors watched the process with doubt as she strung hundreds of thin, upright wires across a solid wooden frame. To them, the setup looked no more than “a giant musical instrument” that only produced useless sounds in the cold coastal wind. Little did they know this simple-looking setup would soon prove surprisingly effective. The remarkable efficiency of Maya’s Fog Harp lies in its clever use of gravity. In a traditional mesh net, tiny water drops get easily trapped within the small square gaps, which stop further collection. This occurs because the surface tension — the invisible, stretchy “skin” of liquid water — is too strong for the small drops to overcome. In Maya’s Fog Harp, by contrast, water drops hit the wires and slowly combine into larger drops. Most importantly, with no cross wires to hold these larger drops in place, gravity easily overcomes surface tension, allowing the water to slide effortlessly down the wires and collect in a tank below. Of course, the project faced its share of setbacks. During one severe coastal storm, the extreme wind tore through the wooden frame. Yet, instead of giving in to despair, she immediately set out to fix the problem by reinforcing the entire structure with durable steel wires. By the time autumn arrived, Maya’s “Fog Harps” were reliably producing plenty of fresh water every day, partly meeting the daily water needs of the village. 1． Why did Maya observe the thick mist in her afternoons? A．To predict the weather conditions. B．To clarify the reasons for drought. C．To check the efficiency of the mesh nets. D．To work out a solution to water shortage. 2． What can we know about Maya’s “Fog Harp”? A．It was a musical instrument. B．It invited villagers’ acid words. C．It presented an inborn fault. D．It featured a solid metal frame. 3． What is the key for Maya’s Fog Harp to function well? A．Its use of cross wires. B．Its mesh-net structure. C．Its weak surface tension. D．Its unique design and use of gravity. 4． What can we learn from Maya’s story? A．Look before you leap. B．Better late than never. C．Think outside the box. D．Time waits for no man. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了高中生Maya Martinez在干旱期间，通过观察雾气并改进传统集雾网，发明了高效的“雾竖琴”来解决村庄缺水问题的故事。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Maya Martinez, a high school senior living in a fog-covered coastal village in North California, noticed that the community garden was gradually drying up during the driest summer on record. While the villagers remained helpless, Maya chose to spend her afternoons carefully observing the thick mist that rolled in from the sea. (Maya Martinez是北加州一个雾霭笼罩的沿海村庄的高中毕业班学生。她注意到，在有记录以来最干旱的夏天，社区花园正在逐渐干涸。当村民们束手无策时，玛雅选择在午后仔细观察从海上滚滚而来的浓雾)”可知，Maya观察浓雾是为了找出解决缺水问题的方法。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At first, neighbors watched the process with doubt as she strung hundreds of thin, upright wires across a solid wooden frame. To them, the setup looked no more than “a giant musical instrument” that only produced useless sounds in the cold coastal wind.(起初，当她将数百根细直的金属丝绷在一个坚固的木制框架上时，邻居们都怀疑地看着这个过程。在他们看来，这个装置看起来充其量不过是一个“巨大的乐器”，只在寒冷的海风中发出无用的声音)”可知，Maya的“雾竖琴”被说成是无用的乐器，招来了村民们尖刻的评论。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The remarkable efficiency of Maya’s Fog Harp lies in its clever use of gravity. (Maya的雾竖琴之所以效率显著，在于其巧妙地利用了重力)”和“In Maya’s Fog Harp, by contrast, water drops hit the wires and slowly combine into larger drops. Most importantly, with no cross wires to hold these larger drops in place, gravity easily overcomes surface tension, allowing the water to slide effortlessly down the wires and collect in a tank below.(相比之下，在玛雅的“雾竖琴”中，水滴撞击金属丝后，会缓慢地融合成更大的水滴。最重要的是，由于没有交叉的金属丝固定这些较大的水滴，重力很容易克服表面张力，使水沿着金属丝轻松滑下，收集到下方的水箱中)”可知，雾竖琴高效工作的关键在于其独特的设计和对重力的运用。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Maya Martinez, a high school senior living in a fog-covered coastal village in North California, noticed that the community garden was gradually drying up during the driest summer on record. While the villagers remained helpless, Maya chose to spend her afternoons carefully observing the thick mist that rolled in from the sea. (Maya Martinez是北加州一个雾霭笼罩的沿海村庄的高中毕业班学生。她注意到，在有记录以来最干旱的夏天，社区花园正在逐渐干涸。当村民们束手无策时，玛雅选择在午后仔细观察从海上滚滚而来的浓雾)”和第二段中“Maya had already identified a critical fault in traditional fog-collecting mesh nets... Digging deeper into solutions, Maya found a novel device designed by two scientists — the “Fog Harp (竖琴)”. (Maya已经发现了传统集雾网状网的一个关键缺陷……为了深入寻找解决方案，Maya发现了两位科学家设计的一种新颖装置——“雾竖琴”)”可知，Maya没有像村民那样束手无策，而是通过观察和思考，改进了传统集雾装置，发明了更高效的“雾竖琴”来解决缺水问题。这体现了她跳出传统思维定式、创新解决问题的精神。 （九） (25-26高三下·浙江宁波市镇海中学·月考)Einstein’s theory of special relativity states that the speed of light in a vacuum — 299,792,458 meters per second, or about 186,000 miles per second — is the fastest speed information, matter and energy can travel through space. So how do singularities (奇点) move faster than light speed? Because singularities are empty points of nothingness, they contain no information, no matter and no energy. They are tiny voids, so they don’t have to obey the cosmic speed limit. These voids don’t just exceed the speed of light — they blaze past it. When two singularities encounter each other, they can sometimes exponentially speed up toward each other until their speeds approach infinity just before they cancel each other out. However, the faster they go, the harder it is to observe them. The recent study, published March 25 in the journal Nature, shows researchers doing just that. “Our discovery reveals universal laws of nature shared by all types of waves, from sound waves and fluid flows to complex systems such as superconductors,” Ido Kaminer, an electrical and computer engineering professor at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and a member of the research team, said in the statement. The study’s results apply to more than just tiny whirlpools; the empty points act enough like particles that scientists can study them to better understand particle interactions. To do this, researchers need to know where the comparison breaks down. The new study shows the voids’ need for speed is a point where the singularities stop acting like particles, since particles obey the cosmic speed limit that voids ignore. In addition, the team’s new techniques for observing very small, very fast things could light up some previously unexplored pockets across multiple scientific disciplines. “We believe these innovative microscopy techniques will enable the study of hidden processes in physics, chemistry, and biology, revealing for the first time how nature behaves in its fastest and most elusive moments,” Kaminer added. 1．Why can singularities move faster than the speed of light? A．Because they are formed from extremely powerful energy. B．Because they hold no information, matter or energy. C．Because they travel freely through a vacuum. D．Because they fully obey special relativity’s rules. 2．What happens when two singularities meet each other? A．They may slow down and become particles. B．They may produce light and energy. C．They may speed up greatly before disappearing. D．They may become easier for scientists to observe. 3．What is the significance of the team’s new techniques? A．They prove that all particles can move faster than light. B．They may help scientists explore previously hidden processes. C．They show that singularities contain matter and energy. D．They make Einstein’s theory of special relativity useless. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Tiny Voids: Racing Beyond the Speed of Light B．Einstein’s Theory: The End of Modern Physics C．Particles: Breaking the Cosmic Speed Limit D．Light Speed: The Fastest Mystery in Nature 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】主要说明了奇点不含物质能量可突破光速，两奇点相遇会极速靠近直至抵消。相关新观测技术助力多学科，探究自然界以往难以观测的隐秘变化。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because singularities are empty points of nothingness, they contain no information, no matter and no energy. They are tiny voids, so they don’t have to obey the cosmic speed limit.(因为奇点是虚无的空点，它们不包含任何信息、物质和能量。它们是微小的虚空，因此无需遵守宇宙速度限制)”可知，奇点可以比光速更快地移动是因为它们不包含信息、物质或能量。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“When two singularities encounter each other, they can sometimes exponentially speed up toward each other until their speeds approach infinity just before they cancel each other out.(当两个奇点相互碰撞时，它们有时会以指数级的速度加速向对方靠近，直到它们在彼此抵消前速度趋近于无穷大)”可知，两个奇点相遇可能会在消失前加速得非常快。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““We believe these innovative microscopy techniques will enable the study of hidden processes in physics, chemistry, and biology, revealing for the first time how nature behaves in its fastest and most elusive moments,” Kaminer added.( “我们相信，这些创新的显微技术将能够研究物理学、化学和生物学中隐藏的过程，首次揭示自然界在最快速且最难以捉摸时刻的行为方式，”卡明纳补充道。)”可知，团队的新技术可能帮助科学家探索此前隐藏的过程。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Einstein’s theory of special relativity states that the speed of light in a vacuum — 299,792,458 meters per second, or about 186,000 miles per second — is the fastest speed information, matter and energy can travel through space. So how do singularities (奇点) move faster than light speed? Because singularities are empty points of nothingness, they contain no information, no matter and no energy. They are tiny voids, so they don’t have to obey the cosmic speed limit.(爱因斯坦的狭义相对论指出，光在真空中的速度——每秒299,792,458米，约合每秒186,000英里——是信息、物质和能量在空间中传播的最高速度。那么奇点又是如何超越光速的呢？因为奇点是空无一物的点，不包含任何信息、物质或能量，它们只是微小的虚空，因此无需遵守宇宙的速度极限)”结合文章主要说明了奇点不含物质能量可突破光速，两奇点相遇会极速靠近直至抵消。相关新观测技术助力多学科，探究自然界以往难以观测的隐秘变化。可知，A选项“微小空洞：超越光速的竞赛”最符合文章标题。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $