精品解析：北京市育英中学2026-2027学年高二第一学期11月期中英语试题

2026—2027学年度第一学期期中考试试卷 2026.11 第一题　知识运用（共三节；共36分） 第一节　完形填空（共10道小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。 Sleepy-eyed, I arrived in Jordan just before midnight: Picking up the rental car, the agent mumbled (咕哝) something about a gas station. Trying to stay ___1___, I really didn’t pay attention. The next morning, I headed the desert castle excitedly. While driving, I noticed that there wasn’t a fuel gauge (指示器) on the dashboard. That was ___2___, but I didn’t think twice about it. I had just got the rental so there would be plenty of fuel. After passing numerous gas stations, I was finally in the open desert. Complete ___3___. And that’s when my car suddenly came to a stop. What? In the middle of nowhere, I stared at the engine with no idea what to do. ___4___ seized me. Within 10 minutes, a Jordanian ___5___. He didn’t speak English and my Arabic was limited. After ___6___ my car, he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas. Who knew that rental cars didn’t come with a full tank of gas there?! The man ___7___ me to get in his car and drove to the nearest gas station to get extra petrol. We then got back to my car to put the gas in. When I pulled out my wallet to pay him, he refused. My thanks, a smile, and one photo together were all he wanted. Before we fully ___8___, he even followed me a bit to ensure that I was safely on my way even though it was not getting late. Today, whenever I think of Jordan, this memory ___9___ comes to mind, and my heart swells with gratitude. It is the stranger who saved my trip and reminded me of the importance of ____10____. 1. A. humble B. awake C. silent D. calm 2. A. unlucky B. unsafe C. odd D. foolish 3. A. isolation B. damage C. chaos D. darkness 4. A. Anger B. Curiosity C. Fascination D. Panic 5. A. turned over B. pulled over C. passed over D. took over 6. A. examining B. repairing C. stopping D. moving 7. A. required B. encouraged C. prepared D. signaled 8. A. talked B. parted C. engaged D. understood 9. A. hesitantly B. gradually C. instantly D. randomly 10. A. gratefulness B. cautiousness C. kindness D. positiveness 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在约旦租车旅行时遇到的困境。作者没有注意到租车时没有加满油，结果在沙漠中汽车突然熄火。一位陌生人帮助作者去加油，并确保作者安全上路。这个经历让作者深刻体会到陌生人的善意和友善的重要性。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我睡眼惺忪地在午夜前抵达约旦：拿起租来的车，代理人咕哝着什么加油站的事。努力保持清醒，我真的没有注意。A. humble谦卑的；B. awake醒着的；C. silent沉默的；D. calm冷静的。根据后文前文“Sleepy-eyed”以及后文的“I really didn’t pay attention.”可知，坐着睡眼惺忪，努力保持清醒，对于加油的事情没有注意。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很奇怪，但我没有多想。我刚租了车，所以会有很多燃料。A. unlucky不幸运的；B. unsafe不安全的；C. odd奇怪的；D. foolish愚蠢的。根据前文“While driving, I noticed that there wasn’t a fuel gauge (指示器) on the dashboard.”可知，本句中的“that”指代的是此处的事实即开车的时候，作者注意到仪表盘上没有燃油表。这个情况很奇怪。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：完全与世隔绝。A. isolation隔离，孤立；B. damage损坏；C. chaos混乱；D. darkness黑暗。根据前文“After passing numerous gas stations, I was. finally in the open desert.”可知，经过无数的加油站后，作者终于来到了开阔的沙漠即作者完全处于沙漠中，与外界隔离开来。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在荒无人烟的地方，我盯着引擎，不知道该怎么办。我感到极度恐慌。A. Anger愤怒；B. Curiosity好奇心；C. Fascination着迷；D. Panic恐慌。根据“And that’s when my car suddenly came to a stop.”以及“In the middle of nowhere, I stared at the engine with no idea what to do.”可知，在荒无人烟的沙漠中，作者的车突然停下来，作者不知所措，故作者感到非常恐慌。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不到10分钟，一名约旦人停了下来。 A. turned over翻转；B. pulled over靠边停车；C. passed over跳过，忽略；D. took over接管。根据后文“After ___6___ my car, he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas.”可知，有一名约旦人不到10分钟靠边停车来帮助作者。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他检查完我的车后，用手势告诉我，我的车没油了。A. examining检查；B. repairing修理；C. stopping停止；D. moving移动。根据后文“he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas”可知，他在检查之后才能告诉作者车没油了。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那人示意我上他的车，然后开到最近的加油站去加油。A. required要求；B. encouraged鼓励；C. prepared准备；D. signaled示意。根据前文“He didn’t speak English and my Arabic was limited.”以及“he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas.”可知，他不会说英语，作者的阿拉伯语也很有限，因此作者和他的交流都是通过手势，由此该约旦人示意作者上他的车。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们完全分开之前，他甚至跟了我一会儿，以确保我在路上安全，尽管时间还不晚。A. talked谈话；B. parted分离；C. engaged从事；D. understood明白。根据后文“that I was safely on my way even though it was not getting late”可知，该约旦人在和作者分离之前，跟了作者一会儿，以确保作者在路上安全。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，每当我想到约旦，这段记忆就会立即浮现在脑海中，我的心中充满了感激之情。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. instantly立即地；D. randomly随机地。根据第一段中“I arrived in Jordan just before midnight”可知，作者当时是在约旦旅行，故每当作者想到约旦，这段记忆就会立即浮现在脑海中。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：是这个陌生人拯救了我的旅程，并提醒了我善良的重要性。A. gratefulness感激；B. cautiousness小心；C. kindness善良；D. positiveness积极。根据前文“the stranger who saved my trip”可知，作者在约旦旅游的时候，是一个陌生人帮助了作者，由此提醒了作者善良的重要性。故选C。 第二节　课文填空（共4道小题；每小题1.5分，共6分） 语法填空 If your dream is to be the best and reach the winner’s platform, you had better be ____11____ (total) committed to your sport. In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means ____12____ (get) injured, “I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” Doing ____13____ we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top. It is certainly not a ____14____ (balance) way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness. 【答案】11. totally 12. getting 13. what 14. balanced 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述想要在竞技体育中取得顶尖成绩，需要全身心投入，愿意付出超乎常人的代价。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你的梦想是成为最好的并登上胜利者的领奖台，你最好全身心投入到你的运动当中。此处修饰形容词committed，需要使用副词，total的副词形式是totally，意为“完全地”。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯泰尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我宁愿拥有三四年斩获荣誉的辉煌时光，也不愿平庸地度过十年。”此处为固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，所以此处用get的动名词形式getting。 【13题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：作为运动员，我们所做的事情让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意付出那额外的一点点努力，而这或许能把我们带到顶峰。此处为连接词引导宾语从句，作doing的宾语，从句中do缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，所以用连接代词what。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这当然不是一种均衡的生活方式，它当然也并不寻常，但是这些说法通常不会用在任何一个追求卓越的人身上。此处修饰名词way，需要使用形容词，balance的形容词形式是balanced，意为“均衡的”。 第三节　语法填空（共10道小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用正确形式填空。 Chinese New Year Painting is a special Chinese art form. ____15____ Spring Festival arrives, many families put up New Year Paintings as a wish to have good luck and happiness. There are different subjects in New Year Paintings, such as babies, flowers and birds. The earliest New Year Painting appeared in the Tang Dynasty and was attached to the door ____16____ (keep) the family safe. Today New Year Paintings still enjoy great ____17____ (popular) in some rural areas of China. 【答案】15. When##As 16. to keep 17. popularity 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍中国年画这一独特艺术形式的用途、题材以及发展历史。 【15题详解】 考查连词。句意：当春节到来的时候，许多家庭张贴年画，以此祈求好运和幸福。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”用when/as，句首单词，首字母大写。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最早的年画出现在唐朝，并且被贴在门上以保护家人安全。本句已有谓语was attached，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示贴年画的目的。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今年画在中国一些农村地区仍然广受欢迎。形容词great后需要接名词作enjoy的宾语，popular的名词形式是popularity，不可数。 B 阅读下列文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用正确形式填空。 Emma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping (急喘) for air, his frightened mother ____18____ (beg) for help. Emma rushed to the boy, ____19____ face had turned purple. “What’s wrong?” “A candy! In his throat!” It was lucky that Emma ____20____ (learn) how to perform the Heimlich maneuver (海姆利克急救法) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. 【答案】18. begging 19. whose 20. had learned##had learnt 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了艾玛在回家路上遇男孩被糖果卡喉，用所学海姆利克急救法成功救人的故事。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：环顾四周，她看到一个小男孩在人行道上急喘着气，他受惊的母亲正在乞求帮助。句子谓语动词是saw，空处与前面的“his frightened mother”构成独立主格结构，mother与beg之间为主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词begging。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：艾玛冲向男孩，他的脸已经变成了紫色。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the boy，且关系词在从句中作face的定语，表示“男孩的脸”，故用关系代词whose。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：幸运的是，艾玛在学校学过如何实施海姆利克急救法。主句“It was lucky that...”为一般过去时，“学习急救法”这个动作发生在主句动作之前，属于“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时，即had learned或had learnt。 C 阅读下列文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用正确形式填空。 Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____21____ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect cities ____22____ coastal winds. For these reasons, they ____23____ (praise) as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____24____ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】21. seen 22. from 23. are praised 24. has established 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍红树林的生长位置、作用以及中国为保护红树林设立保护区的相关情况。 【21题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。此处为状语从句的省略，完整的从句为when the mangrove forests are seen from afar，从句可省略和主句一致的主语the mangrove forests和be动词are，保留过去分词seen。 【22题详解】 考查介词。句意：红树林可以削弱海浪，保护城市免受海岸大风的侵袭。固定搭配protect…from…，表示“保护……免受……”。 【23题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：因为这些原因，它们被誉为“海岸卫士”。主语they（指代红树林）和praise是被动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语用复数形式。 【24题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了多处红树林保护区。时间状语Up to now（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志，主语China是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 第二题　阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14道小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。 A Are you interested in volunteer programs for teens? Well, look no further and take part in a sea turtle conservation project at a summer camp in Bali, where you’ll be involved in a volunteer program at a turtle protection center. You’ll have the opportunity to enjoy a truly impressing international experience! Your Volunteer Role This project is well suited to those who want to learn more about these amazing animals and help in the efforts of preserving their numbers. As a volunteer, your key responsibilities may include: · Daily Turtle Care: Feeding, health monitoring, and releasing hatched baby turtles into the sea. · Habitat Maintenance: Cleaning beach areas. · Visitor Engagement: Interacting with the public and helping design educational boards. Please note, a high level of physical fitness is essential for this project. Meanwhile, the field work is physically demanding, as volunteers have to walk one hour to and from the project site each day. Your Schedule at a Glance (Minimum 2-week commitment) : The program runs from Monday to Friday, usually from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. On beach cleaning days, sessions may be shorter due to heat as you have to work without shade. Weekends and days off, you can choose how to spend the time, either on site and relax or take the following optional travel packages. · 2-day Ubud Art & Rice Terraces —$125 (private car and guide included) · 3-day Volcano Trek & Jungle Adventure —$190 (private jeep, guide and equipment included) · 4- day Island Hopping (Nusa Lembongan) —$380 (boat transfers, guide and equipment included) · Weekend Surfer’s Coast (Canggu & Uluwatu) —$150 (private taxi and surf lesson included) 25. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To advertise the travel packages. B. To describe conservation condition in Bali. C. To explain how to protect sea turtles. D. To attract volunteers to a conservation project. 26. What is a key requirement for volunteers in the project? A. Great expertise in design. B. A good physical condition. C. Fluent English speaking skills. D. Previous volunteering experience. 27. Which travel package is best for a cultural trip on a $200 weekend budget? A. Ubud Art & Rice Terraces B. Volcano Trek & Jungle Adventure C. Island Hopping (Nusa Lembongan) D. Surfer’s Coast (Canggu & Uluwatu) 【答案】25. D 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了巴厘岛夏令营开展的海龟保护项目，目的是吸引志愿者加入该项目。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Are you interested in volunteer programs for teens? Well, look no further and take part in a sea turtle conservation project at a summer camp in Bali, where you’ll be involved in a volunteer program at a turtle protection center.(你是否对青少年志愿者项目感兴趣？那么，无需再寻找了，快来参加在巴厘岛夏令营开展的海龟保护项目吧，在那里你将参与一家海龟保护中心的志愿者活动)”可知，文章开篇直接邀请青少年参加巴厘岛的海龟保护志愿项目，接着介绍志愿工作内容、时间安排，核心目的是吸引志愿者参与该保护项目，故选D。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据Your Volunteer Role部分中“Please note, a high level of physical fitness is essential for this project. Meanwhile, the field work is physically demanding, as volunteers have to walk one hour to and from the project site each day.(请注意，该项目对身体素质有较高要求。同时，实地工作较为体力消耗，因为志愿者每天需要步行一小时往返项目地点)”可知，良好的身体素质是该项目的必要要求，故选B。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“2-day Ubud Art & Rice Terraces —$125 (private car and guide included)( 2 日乌布艺术与稻田之旅——125 美元（包含私人车辆和导游）)”可知，该旅游套餐符合文化之旅、200美元预算内和周末出行的要求，故选A。 B As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient. But after starting my Ph.D., I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else. My advisor had supported me from the very beginning, but I hesitated to share my struggles, fearing he’d see me as a failure. After 8 months of quietly carrying that weight, I finally spoke up. I sat in my advisor’s office, red-faced and anxious, words pouring out faster than I could control. For half an hour, I opened up about months of stress, doubt, and the sense that I didn’t belong. I expected judgment or disappointment. Instead, my advisor listened patiently, and then calmly offered a line I’ll never forget: “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That one sentence landed softly, but it broke something open. His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided; the real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback. Every project, success or failure, became a meaningful step. Two years later, I completed my Ph.D. with hard-earned experience, supportive peers, and a personal profile I was proud of. I went on to do further research where I mastered “riding skills” while gathering tools to “invent my own bicycle”, focusing on core skills like funding proposal writing and leadership. Now, as I prepare to establish my own research group, I’ll remind my trainees: their first job is to learn how to ride. 28. The author presented herself as a successful researcher due to ______. A. the need to lead her research group B. the fear of disappointing her advisor C. the pressure from family expectations D. the desire to fit in with other graduates 29. How did the author feel after starting her Ph.D. program? A. Confused and discouraged. B. Hesitant and disappointed. C. Secure and accomplished. D. Curious and satisfied. 30. What did the author do after the conversation with the advisor? A. She chased productivity and breakthroughs. B. She decided to switch to a postdoc program. C. She focused more on learning core research skills. D. She attempted to conduct research more independently. 31. What can we learn from this passage? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Time waits for no man. C. Many hands make light work. D. Learn to walk before you run. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者读博时急于扮成成熟研究者受挫，经导师点拨摆正心态，循序渐进完成学业并领悟治学道理的亲身经历。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient.(作为家中第一代大学生，我始终背负着开拓前路、达成家人从未企及的期许的压力。为考入研究生院，我刻意把自己塑造成一名已然成功、阅历丰富、心智成熟且独立自主的研究者，而非一名等待学习的新人)”可知，作者伪装成成功研究者源于家人期许带来的压力。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But after starting my Ph.D., I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else.(但在博士入学后，接连不断的学业难题向我袭来，更不必说留学生身份带来的文化冲击与经济压力。我一年级课程勉强及格，一连串奖学金申请悉数被拒，研究陷入停滞，而同期同学接连发表论文。我觉得自己起步已晚，在一场无尽的赛跑里远远落后旁人)”推测，在开始博士课程后作者内心迷茫沮丧。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided; the real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback.(他的话语重塑了我对读研的认知。我意识到一味追求成果与开创性课题是误区，真正的目标是学习科研、自我成长。我开始求助导师与同学，尽早寻求反馈)”以及末段“I went on to do further research where I mastered “riding skills” while gathering tools to “invent my own bicycle”, focusing on core skills like funding proposal writing and leadership.(我继续深造，先打磨“骑车本领”，再积攒条件打造属于自己的“自行车”，专注基金申请书撰写、统筹管理等核心能力)”可知，谈话后作者着重钻研科研核心技能。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第三段中“You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.(你来这儿是学骑车，而非造自行车)”可知，文章主要讲述作者读博时急于扮成成熟研究者受挫，经导师点拨摆正心态，循序渐进完成学业并领悟治学道理的亲身经历，强调先夯实基础再谋求突破，对应谚语“Learn to walk before you run(循序渐进)”。 C When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s (崩塌) critical characteristics. Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson, who was not involved with the new study but collaborated with the lead author on previous work. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.” Usually, glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse — a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body — is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses. Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound. Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details. 32. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. B. Glaciers themselves usually produce detectable infrasound signals. C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. D. The use of infrasound in monitoring snow avalanches is a new method. 33. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar? A. The combination with other relevant signals. B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. C. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes. D. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. 34. What can be inferred about infrasound for monitoring glacial collapses? A. It has replaced radar for ice avalanche tracking. B. It may serve as a lower-cost complement to radar. C. It has solved the signal separation challenge. D. It is more accurate than radar at specific sites. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍科研人员利用次声波监测冰川崩塌引发冰崩，对比雷达并介绍该技术的发展现状。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar.Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers.(被称作次声波的低频声波可以在大气中传播很远的距离，它们早已被用来远距离监测活火山。如今，该领域的一些研究人员已将关注点从火灾转向了冰：即从冰川上断裂脱落的危险冰块。)”以及第三段中的“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.(随着威胁不断增大，科学家正在寻找新的方式监测、发现这类崩塌。)”可知，研究者正尝试利用次声波来探测冰崩。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. (研究人员常用雷达追踪冰崩，雷达精度高但是昂贵，仅能监测单一地点以及周边的冰崩运动路径。马尔凯蒂称，次声波成本更低，可以监测范围更广区域内的断裂事件，还能探测一座山上的多处冰崩。)”可知，次声波优于雷达之处在于能够在更广范围内捕捉信号。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. (研究人员常用雷达追踪冰崩，雷达精度高但是昂贵，仅能监测单一地点以及周边的冰崩运动路径。马尔凯蒂称，次声波成本更低，可以监测范围更广区域内的断裂事件，还能探测一座山上的多处冰崩。)”可知，雷达精准但局限大，次声波更便宜、监测范围更广，由此推断它可以作为低成本的补充手段，和雷达配合使用。 D There is a great deal of anxiety these days about the dangers of human-AI relationships. Reports of self-harm linked to interactions with chatbots have understandably made headlines. The phrase “AI psychosis” has even been used to describe people who experience delusion (妄想) or dissociation after talking to large language models. Our unease has only grown as studies suggest that many teenagers now talk to AI companions regularly, and a significant number find these conversations as satisfying as, or even more satisfying than, those with real-life friends. But we need to slow down the panic. The risks are real, yet so are the potential benefits. After all, nonhuman relationships have always been part of human life. We have long formed attachments to pets, objects and even machines. In the case of pets, these are real relationships. Our attachments to objects or cars, by contrast, are one-sided. Yet only rarely do such relationships become pathological (致病的). What makes AI relationships unsettling is that language models use fluent language to create the impression of human-like thoughts, feelings and intentions. They also tend to respond in sycophantic ways, reinforcing what users already believe. That combination can push vulnerable (脆弱的) people toward delusion. Even so, an uncomfortable question remains: if some people cannot fully see through the illusion that AI systems are real and caring, is that always harmful? Consider loneliness. It is widespread and strongly associated with poor health outcomes. Early research suggests that AI companions may reduce loneliness, not simply as a distraction, but because people experience them as parasocial relationships. There is also evidence that AI can function as a useful therapeutic (治疗的) tool. It may not be as effective as a human therapist, but for people who cannot access therapy at all, something imperfect may still be better than nothing. The problem is that research is still at an early stage, while many AI companions are being developed by profit-driven companies. Such companies have every motivation to downplay risks, highlight benefits and avoid regulation. I remain hopeful that AI companionship may have a place. But that will only be true if it is grounded in science and developed by organisations committed to the public good. These systems should lead vulnerable users to build the social skills needed for real human relationships. The ultimate goal of AI companions should be to make themselves out-of-date, because it will always be better to talk to a real person. 35. Regarding AI companionship, the author is mainly ______. A. negative B. uncertain C. supportive D. balanced 36. What does the word “sycophantic” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Watchful. B. Praising. C. Critical. D. Caring. 37. What can we learn from the passage? A. AI may act as a replacement for human therapy one day. B. AI companions should regularly keep themselves updated. C. Profit-driven companies often downplay the AI-related risks. D. Nonhuman relationships seldom develop into unhealthy ones. 38. What is the best title for the passage? A. Are friends electric? B. Can code cure loneliness? C. Will chatbots take our place? D. Who should we trust with AI? 【答案】35. D 36. B 37. C 38. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要辩证探讨AI陪伴的利弊，提出其发展需立足科学服务公共利益。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The risks are real, yet so are the potential benefits.(风险是真实存在的，但潜在的益处也同样真实)”以及最后一段中“I remain hopeful that AI companionship may have a place. But that will only be true if it is grounded in science and developed by organisations committed to the public good.(我仍然对AI陪伴的存在价值抱有希望，但这只有在它立足科学、由致力于公共利益的机构开发时才能实现)”可知，作者既承认AI陪伴的风险也认可其潜在价值，态度客观平衡。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“What makes AI relationships unsettling is that language models use fluent language to create the impression of human-like thoughts, feelings and intentions. They also tend to respond in sycophantic ways, reinforcing what users already believe.(让人工智能关系令人不安的是，语言模型使用流畅的语言来营造出类似人类的思维、情感和意图。它们还倾向于以sycophantic的方式回应，不断强化用户原本就认同的想法)”可知，AI会顺着用户、附和用户已有的观点，即一味夸赞、迎合用户，sycophantic意为“阿谀奉承的、一味赞扬的”，与Praising(赞扬)意思最接近。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Such companies have every motivation to downplay risks, highlight benefits and avoid regulation.(这类逐利的公司完全有动机淡化风险、放大益处并规避监管)”可知，逐利的AI开发企业常常刻意弱化AI相关的潜在风险。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。全文始终围绕AI能否成为人类的陪伴者这一核心议题展开辩证讨论，A项“Are friends electric?(朋友是电子的吗？)”用拟人化的设问精准点明全文核心探讨的“AI能否成为合格陪伴者”的主题。 第二节（共5道小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。 Boundaries are the limits we set for ourselves. We usually talk about boundaries with others, but they matter just as much with ourselves. Without boundaries, anxiety can affect every aspect of our lives, making it difficult to focus on anything else when worries arise. ____39____ When worries come up outside that time, you can reinforce this boundary by reminding yourself of the time you’ve put aside to deal with them. ____40____ Breaking it can be equally difficult. People tend to talk to themselves far more harshly than they would to anyone else. Setting boundaries around-self-talk can start with noticing when you say something unkind to yourself and replacing it with something more reasonable. Self-care means a million things to a million people. ____41____ It involves recognizing and meeting our needs in a range of areas. Self-care can take many forms, including time alone, connection with others, physical care, and emotional expression. It also includes practical tasks, such as regular dental checkups. ____42____ Clarifying our values and living by them is a key part of setting boundaries with ourselves. The extent to which our actions reflect our values is a measure of self-respect. Consider what truly matters to you. ____43____ When something crosses your moral compass, or would otherwise compromise your self-respect, notice that and take action. Making and keeping commitments to yourself is another form of self-care. A. This can give you a sense of your priorities. B. It is so easy to fall into a pattern of critical self-talk. C. Self-planning requires consideration of a range of factors. D. Take note of what you need to be at your best, and schedule it. E. It’s much more than getting your nails done or having a sweet coffee. F. This makes it essential for anxiety to be managed through clear boundaries. G. Setting aside time to deal with such concerns is important for peace of mind. 【答案】39. G 40. B 41. E 42. D 43. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍设立自我边界的方法，包括焦虑管控、自我对话、自我关怀以及坚守价值观。 【39题详解】 上文“Without boundaries, anxiety can affect every aspect of our lives, making it difficult to focus on anything else when worries arise. (没有界限，焦虑会影响我们生活的方方面面，当担忧出现时，我们很难专注于其他事情。)”说明没有边界时焦虑会影响生活的方方面面。下文“When worries come up outside that time, you can reinforce this boundary by reminding yourself of the time you’ve put aside to deal with them. (当担忧出现在这段时间之外时，你可以通过提醒自己留出的时间来处理它们，从而强化这一界限。)”提及需要预留时间，空处承上启下，说明空处需要引出“留出时间处理担忧”这一做法。所以G项“留出时间处理这些担忧对内心平静很重要。”符合语境，其中“such concerns”与上文worries呼应，“setting aside time”与下文“that time”衔接。 【40题详解】 下文“Breaking it can be equally difficult. People tend to talk to themselves far more harshly than they would to anyone else. Setting boundaries around-self-talk can start with noticing when you say something unkind to yourself and replacing it with something more reasonable. (打破它可能同样困难。人们倾向于对自己说话比对别人严厉得多。围绕自我对话设定界限可以从注意到你什么时候对自己说了一些不友善的话开始，并用更合理的话取而代之。)”说明打破某种模式很困难，人们对自己比对他人更严厉，需从注意不友善的自我对话开始设定边界。空处为段落的主旨句，需引出这种易陷入的模式。所以B项“人们很容易陷入批判性自我对话的模式。”符合语境。其中“pattern”与下文“Breaking it”中的it形成指代关系，“critical self-talk”与下文“talk to themselves far more harshly”相呼应。 【41题详解】 上文“Self-care means a million things to a million people. (自我关怀对一百万人来说意味着一百万件事。)”说明自我关怀因人而异。下文“It involves recognizing and meeting our needs in a range of areas .(它涉及认识和满足我们在一系列领域的需求。)”说明自我关怀涉及多方面需求。空处需承接上文并引出下文的深层解释。所以E项“它远不止做美甲、喝甜咖啡这类小事。”符合语境。该项中It指代“Self-care”，“much more than”与下文“a range of areas”形成递进，说明自我关怀远不止表面享受，还包括深层需求，符合语境。 【42题详解】 上文“Self-care can take many forms, including time alone, connection with others, physical care, and emotional expression. It also includes practical tasks, such as regular dental checkups. (自我护理可以采取多种形式，包括独处时间、与他人的联系、身体护理和情感表达。它还包括实际任务，如定期牙科检查。)”说明自我关怀包括实际任务。说明自我关怀形式多样。空处位于段尾，需要总结做法，所以D项“记下保持最佳状态所需的事物并做好安排。”符合语境。 【43题详解】 上文“Consider what truly matters to you. (思考对你真正重要的事物。)”说明要明确自身看重的事物。空处承接上文，说明该做法的作用。所以A项“这能让你分清事情的优先顺序。”符合语境。 第三题　书面表达（共两节，共26分） 第一节　翻译句子（共6道小题；每小题1分，共6分） 44. 这些训练旨在减少压力与紧张的影响。(aim to)(汉译英) ___________________________ 【答案】These exercises aim to reduce the effects of stress and tension. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词及时态。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语“这些训练”译为these exercises，“旨在做某事”aim to do sth.，动词“减少”译为reduce，使用不定式形式作宾语，“压力与紧张的影响”译为the effects of stress and tension，作宾语，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为These exercises aim to reduce the effects of stress and tension. 45. 虽然很辛苦，但他从未想要放弃当老师。（动名词作宾语）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Although it is tough, he has never thought of giving up being a teacher. 【解析】 【详解】“虽然很辛苦”可处理为although引导的让步状语从句，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，表达为although it is tough，it指代当老师这件事；主句陈述从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，主语是he，谓语“从未想过”表达为has never thought of，“放弃当老师”表达为giving up being a teacher，作介词of的宾语，且give up后接动名词being a teacher作宾语。 46. 我相信我们每个人都能为世界的未来作出贡献。（contribute）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I believe each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述当前的信念，用一般现在时；“我相信……”表达为I believe，其后接宾语从句“我们每个人都能为世界的未来作出贡献”，从句主语“我们每个人”表达为each of us，谓语“能对……做出贡献”表达为can contribute to，宾语“世界的未来”表达为the future of the world，从句成分和意义都完整，用连接词that引导，且that可省。 47. 如果学生能接触到好的资源，他们更可能达成自己的目标。(have access to)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If students have access to good resources, they are more likely to achieve their goals. 【解析】 【详解】考查条件状语从句和固定短语。表示“如果学生能接触到好的资源”用if引导的条件状语从句，从句中表示 “学生”用students，作主语，表示“能接触到，可以使用”用have access to，是固定短语，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用have；表示“好的资源”用good resources，作宾语。主句中：用they作主语，指代前面从句中的students； 表示“更可能做某事”用be more likely to do sth.，主语为they，be动词用are；表示“达成他们的目标”用achieve their goals，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故翻译为：If students have access to good resources, they are more likely to achieve their goals. 48. 我代表学生会写信邀请你来担任我们英语戏剧比赛的评委。（on behalf of）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to invite you to act as a judge for our English drama competition. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是当前正在进行的动作（写信），全句使用现在进行时；表示“我代表学生会”作状语，使用介词短语，其中“代表”为on behalf of，“学生会”为the Students’ Union，所以状语部分译为on behalf of the Students’ Union，位于句首单词首字母需大写；表示“写信邀请你”为主句，其中“我”为I，“写信”为am writing，“邀请你”为to invite you，使用动词不定式表目的，所以该部分译为I am writing to invite you；表示“邀请某人做某事”用固定搭配invite sb. to do sth.，表示“来担任我们英语戏剧比赛的评委”作宾语补足语，其中“担任”为act as，使用不定式形式，“评委”为a judge，作宾语，“我们英语戏剧比赛的”为for our English drama competition，所以该部分译为to act as a judge for our English drama competition。 49. 虽然很难完成任务，但他从未失去信心或放弃。（have difficulty in doing sth.）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He had difficulty in finishing the task, but he never lost heart or gave up. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，全句使用一般过去时；表示“虽然很难完成任务”使用固定句型have difficulty in doing sth.，其中“他”为he，位于句首，首字母需大写，“有困难做某事”为have difficulty in doing sth.，谓语动词为动词过去式had，“完成”为finishing，作介词in的宾语，“任务”为the task，所以该部分译为He had difficulty in finishing the task；表示“但他从未失去信心或放弃”为并列分句，由连词but连接，其中“但”为but，“他”为he，“从未”为never，“失去信心”为lost heart，“放弃”为gave up，所以该部分译为but he never lost heart or gave up。 第二节　应用文写作（20分） 50. 假设你是红星中学英语社社长李华。你正在筹划主题为“How to Be a Winner”的英文论坛。请你给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他到场发言。内容包括： 1. 介绍论坛基本信息（时间、地点、活动内容……）； 2. 对他的发言内容提出建议。 注意：1. 词数100词左右； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m Li Hua, president of the English Club at Hongxing Middle School. I’m writing to sincerely invite you to deliver a speech at our English forum themed “How to Be a Winner”. The forum will be held in our school lecture hall at 2 p.m. next Friday. We will share ideas and hold discussions about what true success means. As for your speech, I suggest you talk about your own experiences of overcoming difficulties. Besides, you can share your opinions that being a winner is more about progress rather than perfection. We would greatly appreciate it if you could come. Your unique views will surely inspire all of us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以英语社社长李华的身份，给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他为主题为“How to Be a Winner”的英文论坛发言。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 观点：opinion→perspective 诚挚地：sincerely→earnestly 见解：idea→insight 独特的：unique→distinctive 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Your unique views will surely inspire all of us. 拓展句：There is no doubt that your unique views will inspire all of us. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We will share ideas and hold discussions about what true success means. （运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Besides, you can share your opinions that being a winner is more about progress rather than perfection. （运用了that引导的同位语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027学年度第一学期期中考试试卷 2026.11 第一题　知识运用（共三节；共36分） 第一节　完形填空（共10道小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。 Sleepy-eyed, I arrived in Jordan just before midnight: Picking up the rental car, the agent mumbled (咕哝) something about a gas station. Trying to stay ___1___, I really didn’t pay attention. The next morning, I headed the desert castle excitedly. While driving, I noticed that there wasn’t a fuel gauge (指示器) on the dashboard. That was ___2___, but I didn’t think twice about it. I had just got the rental so there would be plenty of fuel. After passing numerous gas stations, I was finally in the open desert. Complete ___3___. And that’s when my car suddenly came to a stop. What? In the middle of nowhere, I stared at the engine with no idea what to do. ___4___ seized me. Within 10 minutes, a Jordanian ___5___. He didn’t speak English and my Arabic was limited. After ___6___ my car, he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas. Who knew that rental cars didn’t come with a full tank of gas there?! The man ___7___ me to get in his car and drove to the nearest gas station to get extra petrol. We then got back to my car to put the gas in. When I pulled out my wallet to pay him, he refused. My thanks, a smile, and one photo together were all he wanted. Before we fully ___8___, he even followed me a bit to ensure that I was safely on my way even though it was not getting late. Today, whenever I think of Jordan, this memory ___9___ comes to mind, and my heart swells with gratitude. It is the stranger who saved my trip and reminded me of the importance of ____10____. 1. A. humble B. awake C. silent D. calm 2. A. unlucky B. unsafe C. odd D. foolish 3. A. isolation B. damage C. chaos D. darkness 4. A. Anger B. Curiosity C. Fascination D. Panic 5. A. turned over B. pulled over C. passed over D. took over 6. A. examining B. repairing C. stopping D. moving 7. A. required B. encouraged C. prepared D. signaled 8. A. talked B. parted C. engaged D. understood 9. A. hesitantly B. gradually C. instantly D. randomly 10. A. gratefulness B. cautiousness C. kindness D. positiveness 第二节　课文填空（共4道小题；每小题1.5分，共6分） 语法填空 If your dream is to be the best and reach the winner’s platform, you had better be ____11____ (total) committed to your sport. In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means ____12____ (get) injured, “I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” Doing ____13____ we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top. It is certainly not a ____14____ (balance) way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness. 第三节　语法填空（共10道小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用正确形式填空。 Chinese New Year Painting is a special Chinese art form. ____15____ Spring Festival arrives, many families put up New Year Paintings as a wish to have good luck and happiness. There are different subjects in New Year Paintings, such as babies, flowers and birds. The earliest New Year Painting appeared in the Tang Dynasty and was attached to the door ____16____ (keep) the family safe. Today New Year Paintings still enjoy great ____17____ (popular) in some rural areas of China. B 阅读下列文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用正确形式填空。 Emma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping (急喘) for air, his frightened mother ____18____ (beg) for help. Emma rushed to the boy, ____19____ face had turned purple. “What’s wrong?” “A candy! In his throat!” It was lucky that Emma ____20____ (learn) how to perform the Heimlich maneuver (海姆利克急救法) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. C 阅读下列文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用正确形式填空。 Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____21____ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect cities ____22____ coastal winds. For these reasons, they ____23____ (praise) as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____24____ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 第二题　阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14道小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。 A Are you interested in volunteer programs for teens? Well, look no further and take part in a sea turtle conservation project at a summer camp in Bali, where you’ll be involved in a volunteer program at a turtle protection center. You’ll have the opportunity to enjoy a truly impressing international experience! Your Volunteer Role This project is well suited to those who want to learn more about these amazing animals and help in the efforts of preserving their numbers. As a volunteer, your key responsibilities may include: · Daily Turtle Care: Feeding, health monitoring, and releasing hatched baby turtles into the sea. · Habitat Maintenance: Cleaning beach areas. · Visitor Engagement: Interacting with the public and helping design educational boards. Please note, a high level of physical fitness is essential for this project. Meanwhile, the field work is physically demanding, as volunteers have to walk one hour to and from the project site each day. Your Schedule at a Glance (Minimum 2-week commitment) : The program runs from Monday to Friday, usually from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. On beach cleaning days, sessions may be shorter due to heat as you have to work without shade. Weekends and days off, you can choose how to spend the time, either on site and relax or take the following optional travel packages. · 2-day Ubud Art & Rice Terraces —$125 (private car and guide included) · 3-day Volcano Trek & Jungle Adventure —$190 (private jeep, guide and equipment included) · 4- day Island Hopping (Nusa Lembongan) —$380 (boat transfers, guide and equipment included) · Weekend Surfer’s Coast (Canggu & Uluwatu) —$150 (private taxi and surf lesson included) 25. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To advertise the travel packages. B. To describe conservation condition in Bali. C. To explain how to protect sea turtles. D. To attract volunteers to a conservation project. 26. What is a key requirement for volunteers in the project? A. Great expertise in design. B. A good physical condition. C. Fluent English speaking skills. D. Previous volunteering experience. 27. Which travel package is best for a cultural trip on a $200 weekend budget? A. Ubud Art & Rice Terraces B. Volcano Trek & Jungle Adventure C. Island Hopping (Nusa Lembongan) D. Surfer’s Coast (Canggu & Uluwatu) B As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient. But after starting my Ph.D., I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else. My advisor had supported me from the very beginning, but I hesitated to share my struggles, fearing he’d see me as a failure. After 8 months of quietly carrying that weight, I finally spoke up. I sat in my advisor’s office, red-faced and anxious, words pouring out faster than I could control. For half an hour, I opened up about months of stress, doubt, and the sense that I didn’t belong. I expected judgment or disappointment. Instead, my advisor listened patiently, and then calmly offered a line I’ll never forget: “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That one sentence landed softly, but it broke something open. His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided; the real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback. Every project, success or failure, became a meaningful step. Two years later, I completed my Ph.D. with hard-earned experience, supportive peers, and a personal profile I was proud of. I went on to do further research where I mastered “riding skills” while gathering tools to “invent my own bicycle”, focusing on core skills like funding proposal writing and leadership. Now, as I prepare to establish my own research group, I’ll remind my trainees: their first job is to learn how to ride. 28. The author presented herself as a successful researcher due to ______. A. the need to lead her research group B. the fear of disappointing her advisor C. the pressure from family expectations D. the desire to fit in with other graduates 29. How did the author feel after starting her Ph.D. program? A. Confused and discouraged. B. Hesitant and disappointed. C. Secure and accomplished. D. Curious and satisfied. 30. What did the author do after the conversation with the advisor? A. She chased productivity and breakthroughs. B. She decided to switch to a postdoc program. C. She focused more on learning core research skills. D. She attempted to conduct research more independently. 31. What can we learn from this passage? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Time waits for no man. C. Many hands make light work. D. Learn to walk before you run. C When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s (崩塌) critical characteristics. Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson, who was not involved with the new study but collaborated with the lead author on previous work. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.” Usually, glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse — a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body — is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses. Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound. Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details. 32. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. B. Glaciers themselves usually produce detectable infrasound signals. C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. D. The use of infrasound in monitoring snow avalanches is a new method. 33. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar? A. The combination with other relevant signals. B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. C. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes. D. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. 34. What can be inferred about infrasound for monitoring glacial collapses? A. It has replaced radar for ice avalanche tracking. B. It may serve as a lower-cost complement to radar. C. It has solved the signal separation challenge. D. It is more accurate than radar at specific sites. D There is a great deal of anxiety these days about the dangers of human-AI relationships. Reports of self-harm linked to interactions with chatbots have understandably made headlines. The phrase “AI psychosis” has even been used to describe people who experience delusion (妄想) or dissociation after talking to large language models. Our unease has only grown as studies suggest that many teenagers now talk to AI companions regularly, and a significant number find these conversations as satisfying as, or even more satisfying than, those with real-life friends. But we need to slow down the panic. The risks are real, yet so are the potential benefits. After all, nonhuman relationships have always been part of human life. We have long formed attachments to pets, objects and even machines. In the case of pets, these are real relationships. Our attachments to objects or cars, by contrast, are one-sided. Yet only rarely do such relationships become pathological (致病的). What makes AI relationships unsettling is that language models use fluent language to create the impression of human-like thoughts, feelings and intentions. They also tend to respond in sycophantic ways, reinforcing what users already believe. That combination can push vulnerable (脆弱的) people toward delusion. Even so, an uncomfortable question remains: if some people cannot fully see through the illusion that AI systems are real and caring, is that always harmful? Consider loneliness. It is widespread and strongly associated with poor health outcomes. Early research suggests that AI companions may reduce loneliness, not simply as a distraction, but because people experience them as parasocial relationships. There is also evidence that AI can function as a useful therapeutic (治疗的) tool. It may not be as effective as a human therapist, but for people who cannot access therapy at all, something imperfect may still be better than nothing. The problem is that research is still at an early stage, while many AI companions are being developed by profit-driven companies. Such companies have every motivation to downplay risks, highlight benefits and avoid regulation. I remain hopeful that AI companionship may have a place. But that will only be true if it is grounded in science and developed by organisations committed to the public good. These systems should lead vulnerable users to build the social skills needed for real human relationships. The ultimate goal of AI companions should be to make themselves out-of-date, because it will always be better to talk to a real person. 35. Regarding AI companionship, the author is mainly ______. A. negative B. uncertain C. supportive D. balanced 36. What does the word “sycophantic” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Watchful. B. Praising. C. Critical. D. Caring. 37. What can we learn from the passage? A. AI may act as a replacement for human therapy one day. B. AI companions should regularly keep themselves updated. C. Profit-driven companies often downplay the AI-related risks. D. Nonhuman relationships seldom develop into unhealthy ones. 38. What is the best title for the passage? A. Are friends electric? B. Can code cure loneliness? C. Will chatbots take our place? D. Who should we trust with AI? 第二节（共5道小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。 Boundaries are the limits we set for ourselves. We usually talk about boundaries with others, but they matter just as much with ourselves. Without boundaries, anxiety can affect every aspect of our lives, making it difficult to focus on anything else when worries arise. ____39____ When worries come up outside that time, you can reinforce this boundary by reminding yourself of the time you’ve put aside to deal with them. ____40____ Breaking it can be equally difficult. People tend to talk to themselves far more harshly than they would to anyone else. Setting boundaries around-self-talk can start with noticing when you say something unkind to yourself and replacing it with something more reasonable. Self-care means a million things to a million people. ____41____ It involves recognizing and meeting our needs in a range of areas. Self-care can take many forms, including time alone, connection with others, physical care, and emotional expression. It also includes practical tasks, such as regular dental checkups. ____42____ Clarifying our values and living by them is a key part of setting boundaries with ourselves. The extent to which our actions reflect our values is a measure of self-respect. Consider what truly matters to you. ____43____ When something crosses your moral compass, or would otherwise compromise your self-respect, notice that and take action. Making and keeping commitments to yourself is another form of self-care. A. This can give you a sense of your priorities. B. It is so easy to fall into a pattern of critical self-talk. C. Self-planning requires consideration of a range of factors. D. Take note of what you need to be at your best, and schedule it. E. It’s much more than getting your nails done or having a sweet coffee. F. This makes it essential for anxiety to be managed through clear boundaries. G. Setting aside time to deal with such concerns is important for peace of mind. 第三题　书面表达（共两节，共26分） 第一节　翻译句子（共6道小题；每小题1分，共6分） 44. 这些训练旨在减少压力与紧张的影响。(aim to)(汉译英) ___________________________ 45. 虽然很辛苦，但他从未想要放弃当老师。（动名词作宾语）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 46. 我相信我们每个人都能为世界的未来作出贡献。（contribute）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 47. 如果学生能接触到好的资源，他们更可能达成自己的目标。(have access to)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 48. 我代表学生会写信邀请你来担任我们英语戏剧比赛的评委。（on behalf of）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 49. 虽然很难完成任务，但他从未失去信心或放弃。（have difficulty in doing sth.）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节　应用文写作（20分） 50. 假设你是红星中学英语社社长李华。你正在筹划主题为“How to Be a Winner”的英文论坛。请你给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他到场发言。内容包括： 1. 介绍论坛基本信息（时间、地点、活动内容……）； 2. 对他的发言内容提出建议。 注意：1. 词数100词左右； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $