精品解析：上海市上海中学2026-2027学年度第一学期期中高二英语

上海中学东校 2026 学年度 第一学期中期素质评估 高二英语 2026. 11 （满分：110 分　　时间：90 分钟） 题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 得分 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She is younger than her sister. B. She no longer looks like her sister. C. She does not get along well with her sister. D. She does not spend much time with her kids. 2. A. Inquire about a job. B. Withdraw some cash. C. Spend her extra money on books. D. Find out when the bookstore opens. 3. A. Paper plates are cheaper than dishes. B. The woman’s roommate will return soon. C. There is no need to wash any dishes now. D. Dishes break more easily than paper plates. 4. A. The report was finished last Friday. B. He will meet the woman briefly on Friday. C. The report will not be ready until Thursday. D. He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting. 5. A. She has not applied to any universities yet. B. She will begin university classes in a few weeks. C. She is too busy to contact the university right now. D. She does not know yet if a university will accept her. 6. A. Cancel their trip. B. Ask for directions. C. Go back for the map. D. Try a different route to the beach. 7. A. Lower the student’s grade. B. Reconsider his position later. C. Contact the student’s surgeon. D. Allow the student to miss class. 8. A. She has to quit her job in the laboratory. B. She enjoys doing laboratory experiments. C. She cut herself while working in the laboratory. D. She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too. 9. A. He is planning to work during spring break. B. He does not have enough money for the trip yet. C. The trip is too far off in the future to think about. D. He has changed his mind about going to Canada. 10. A. He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive. B. He will be happy to share their dessert. C. He expected the traffic to be bad. D. He is not upset that they ate lunch. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk. 11. A. It takes several years to learn. B. It requires no previous experience. C. It requires no patience and practice. D. It takes quite a lot of money to learn. 12. A. It is time-consuming. B. It is complicated. C. It is absorbing. D. It is shameful. 13. A. They have devoted much time to it. B. They feel proud of their own ability. C. They can wear them for a longer time. D. They have bought the materials locally. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Scottish soil has been found similar to that on Mars. B. Mars has long been considered a place rich in minerals. C. It’s fun to build connections between Mars and Scotland. D. The Curiosity Rover has made a new discovery about Mars. 15. A. 1,500. B. 6. C. 2012. D. 30. 16. A. It can enrich the Scottish soil database. B. It can locate where there are basaltic rocks. C. It can help us have a better knowledge of Mars. D. It can provide us with the opportunity to understand Scotland. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She will be able to join the economics seminar. B. She has a new printer for her computer. C. She finished paying back her loan. D. She got an A on her term paper. 18. A. The importance of paying back loans as soon as possible. B. A way to help people improve their economic conditions. C. Using computers to increase business efficiency. D. The expansion of international business. 19. A. It is the topic of his term paper. B. He would like to find a job there. C. His economics professor did research work there. D. Microcredit programs have been very successful there. 20. A. Cancel her credit card. B. Sign up for the economics class. C. Do research on banks in Asia. D. Type the man’s term paper. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. AI in the Classroom: A 2026 Perspective By early 2026, the debate over AI has evolved from mere adoption to sophisticated mastery. A study ____1____ (conduct) recently by TIME suggests that personalized AI tutors, ____2____ were once highly controversial, have improved literacy rates by 15% across several pilot schools. Not until these systems ____3____ (integrate) into daily routines will their transformative potential be realized. These tools are capable of identifying the exact moment ____4____ a student’s attention begins to wander, providing instant feedback that no human teacher could manage for thirty students simultaneously. However, many educators remain skeptical, fearing that ____5____ (allow) students to rely too heavily on algorithms to generate ideas would cause their critical thinking skills to inevitably diminish over time. “The goal of education is to have the cognitive ability ____6____ (exercise) regularly without digital assistance.” says Dr. Lee, whose expertise lies in cognitive psychology. ____7____ these persistent concerns, schools are now implementing “Hybrid Learning” rules to balance high-tech automation with human intuition. Students under this framework are encouraged to draft their ideas independently, ____8____ AI-enhanced tools only for refinement. The question remains ____9____ we can maintain the human element in an increasingly automated world. Indeed, the essence of education lies not in the mere delivery of facts, but in the spark of inspiration that occurs between a mentor and a learner. Most forward-thinking educators consider ____10____ essential to nurture students’ emotional intelligence alongside their digital literacy. 【答案】1. conducted 2. which 3. are integrated 4. when 5. allowing 6. exercised 7. Despite 8. with 9. whether 10. it 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨了2026年AI在教育领域的应用现状，分析个性化AI导师提升识字率的优势，以及教育者对学生过度依赖算法、批判性思维减弱的担忧，提出“混合学习”模式以平衡科技与人文。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：《时代周刊》最近开展的一项研究表明，个性化AI辅导老师在几所试点学校将识字率提升了15%，这类个性化AI辅导工具曾经饱受争议。本句中谓语动词为suggests，空格处需用非谓语形式；study和conduct之间是被动关系，应用过去分词conducted作后置定语修饰A study。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：《时代周刊》最近开展的一项研究表明，个性化AI辅导老师在几所试点学校将识字率提升了15%，这类个性化AI辅导工具曾经饱受争议。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是personalized AI tutors（指物），关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：直到这些系统被融入日常教学流程，它们的变革潜力才会被释放。Not until置于句首时主句使用部分倒装结构，遵循“主将从现”的规则，从句要用一般现在时；systems和integrate之间是被动关系，且主语是复数形式，应用are integrated。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些工具能够精准识别学生注意力开始分散的时刻，同时为学生提供反馈，这是人类教师无法同时为30名学生做到的。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the exact moment（表时间），关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而很多教育工作者仍然持怀疑态度，他们担心允许学生过度依赖算法生成想法，会导致学生的批判性思维能力随时间推移不可避免地退化。空格处在宾语从句中作主语，要用动名词形式，应用allowing。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：专攻认知心理学的李博士表示：“教育的目标是让认知能力在没有数字工具辅助的情况下也能得到定期锻炼。”此处是固定结构have sth. done，表示“让某物被……”，cognitive ability和exercise之间是被动关系，应用过去分词exercised。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管存在这些持续的担忧，学校如今正在推行“混合学习”规则，在高科技自动化和人类直觉之间取得平衡。空格后是名词性短语these persistent concerns，结合前后句的让步逻辑，此处填介词Despite，表示“尽管”，句首首字母大写。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：在该框架下，学生被鼓励独立起草想法，仅使用AI增强工具做内容优化。此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构作状语。 【9题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：问题仍然是我们能否在这个日益自动化的世界中保留教育的人文元素。空格处引导表语从句，结合主句的the question remains的不确定语气，表达“是否”的含义，应用whether。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：大多数有前瞻性思维的教育工作者认为，在培养学生数字素养的同时培养他们的情商是至关重要的。此处是固定结构consider it adj.+to do sth.，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构to nurture students’ emotional intelligence alongside their digital literacy。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. recall B. present C. handling D. defeating E. containing F. content G. minimized H. evidently I. refresh J. eventually K. exhausted Most individuals experience some form of test anxiety when they take an important examination. This anxiety can ____11____ itself in physical symptoms like nausea (恶心) or sweaty palms, or in emotional symptoms like panic and irritability (易怒). Often, individuals will become nervous long before the exam date because they feel ____12____ by the amount of material they must master. The first step in ____13____ this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be ____14____ In order to regain control over anxiety, one should break the exam ____15____ into smaller sections. It will seem much easier to master a series of small subjects than to handle a huge subject all at once. Test-takers should make a study schedule weeks or months ahead of the exam, and give themselves a small amount to learn each period. When the exam day ____16____ arrives, anxiety will be reduced by the feeling of preparedness. Apart from that, anxiety can be lessened in a few easy ways. First, avoid having any excessively stimulating foods, such as those ____17____ caffeine or sugar, on the day of the exam. Getting a good night’s sleep and a little bit of exercise will ____18____ one’s brain and allow for easy ____19____ of the learned material. During the exam, breathe deeply and sit in a comfortable position. On exams where this is possible, many people find comfort in going through and answering all of the easy questions before ____20____ the more difficult ones. 【答案】11. B 12. K 13. D 14. G 15. F 16. J 17. E 18. I 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了考试焦虑的表现形式及其应对方法，包括认识到焦虑是正常反应、制定学习计划、避免刺激性食物、保证睡眠和运动，以及在考试中先易后难等策略。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种焦虑可以以身体症状的形式表现出来，如恶心或手心出汗，或以情绪症状的形式表现出来，如恐慌和易怒。根据“in physical symptoms like nausea (恶心) or sweaty palms, or in emotional symptoms like panic and irritability (易怒)”可知，这种焦虑可以以身体症状的形式表现出来。空处位于情态动词can之后，应用动词原形，present为动词，含义为“呈现；表现”。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通常，个人会在考试日期前很久就变得紧张，因为他们对必须掌握的大量材料感到筋疲力尽。根据“Often, individuals will become nervous long before the exam date”可知，他们对必须掌握的大量材料感到筋疲力尽。空处位于系动词feel之后，作表语，应用形容词，exhausted为形容词，含义为“筋疲力尽的”。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：战胜这种焦虑的第一步是认识到考试焦虑是一种自然反应，并且它可以被最小化。根据“realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction”可知，战胜这种焦虑的第一步是认识到考试焦虑是一种自然反应。空处位于介词in之后，应用动名词，defeating为动名词，含义为“战胜；克服”。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：战胜这种焦虑的第一步是认识到考试焦虑是一种自然反应，并且它可以被最小化。根据“a natural reaction”可知，焦虑可以被最小化。空处位于情态动词can be之后，应用过去分词，构成被动语态，minimized为动词minimize的过去分词，含义为“最小化”。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了重新控制焦虑，应该将考试内容分成更小的部分。根据“smaller sections.”可知，应该将考试内容分成更小的部分。空处位于定冠词the之后，被exam修饰，应用名词，content为名词，含义为“内容”。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：当考试日最终到来时，准备充分的感觉会减少焦虑。根据“anxiety will be reduced by the feeling of preparedness.”可知，当考试日最终到来时。空处修饰动词arrives，作状语，应用副词，eventually为副词，含义为“最终；终于”。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，在考试当天避免食用任何过度刺激的食物，如含有咖啡因或糖的食物。根据“caffeine or sugar”可知，在考试当天避免食用任何过度刺激的食物。空处修饰代词those，作后置定语，应用现在分词，containing为现在分词，含义为“含有”。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：充足的睡眠和少量运动将使大脑恢复活力，并便于轻松回忆所学材料。根据“Getting a good night’s sleep and a little bit of exercise”可知，充足的睡眠和少量运动将使大脑恢复活力。空处位于情态动词will之后，应用动词原形，refresh为动词，含义为“使恢复活力”。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：充足的睡眠和少量运动将使大脑恢复活力，并便于轻松回忆所学材料。根据“Getting a good night’s sleep and a little bit of exercise”可知，充足的睡眠和少量运动将使大脑恢复活力，并便于轻松回忆所学材料。空处位于形容词easy之后，应用名词，recall为名词，含义为“回忆；回想”。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在可能的情况下，许多人在处理更难的题目之前，先浏览并回答所有简单的问题会感到安心。根据“the more difficult ones.”可知，指处理更难的题目。空处位于介词before之后，应用动名词，handling为动名词，含义为“处理；应对”。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has ____21____ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant. This is ____22____ by his research in neuroeconomics (神经经济学) (a somewhat new, divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas — which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out — into a piece of advice that, to____23____ happiness, people should “build a life that requires ____24____ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.” On an instinctive level, Cerf’s idea____25____: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of____26____ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that, ____27____ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he ____28____ his decision to his dining partner — which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts — and always lets them pick. While it’s ____29____ what, if any, scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more ____30____ than liberating. An example from Quanta points (假设): If you have a clear love of Snickers (士力架), choosing that over an Almond Joy (杏仁乐) or a Milky Way (银河巧克力) should be a ____31____. However, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows, most of the time it is, ____32____ you introduce more choices. When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy), they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20, including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their____33____. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision. As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization (分裂归一化)”, which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So, if you have two things that are clearly ____34____, brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are similar, the brain does its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices____35____ that ability out. 21. A. relieved B. released C. deleted D. liberated 22. A. infected B. ignored C. required D. inspired 23. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. cover 24. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder 25. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part 26. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. preferred 27. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of 28. A. returns B. associates C. explains D. leaves 29. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable 30. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing 31. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache 32. A. because B. although C. so D. until 33. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. ambition 34. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct 35. A. drown B. figure C. carry D. point 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了神经经济学研究者Moran Cerf认为做选择是一件难事，主张尽量减少选择来提升幸福感，同时介绍了“分裂归一化”模型，解释选项过多会干扰大脑决策的原理。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：做选择是一件很难的事，这也就是研究者Moran Cerf把它从自己生活中剔除的原因。A. relieved减轻；B. released释放；C. deleted删除、剔除；D. liberated解放。根据前文“Making choices is hard.”及后文“As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.”可知，做选择是一件很难的事，他用固定方式来避免选择，把选择这件事从生活里剔除掉。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：这一想法来自他在西北大学开展的神经经济学（一个较新、颇具争议的领域）研究。A. infected感染；B. ignored忽视；C. required要求；D. inspired启发，使产生想法。根据后文“his research in neuroeconomics”可知，他的研究催生、启发了这个观点。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：正如《商业内幕》所描述的，Cerf进一步拓展了自己的观点 —— 这些观点借鉴了心理学中一些颇具争议的理论，其中包括自我损耗理论 —— 并将其总结为一条建议：想要最大化幸福感，人们应当 “打造一个需要更少抉择的生活，多和拥有自己所喜爱特质的人相处”。A. maximize最大化；B. balance平衡；C. cherish珍惜；D. cover覆盖。根据后文“build a life that requires decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer”可知，这条建议的目的是让幸福感尽可能多，即使幸福感最大化。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。A. safer更安全的；B. fewer更少的；C. better更好的；D. sounder更可靠的。根据前文“Making choices is hard.”及后文“by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer”可知，文章开篇点明做选择很难，后面提到多和拥有自己所喜爱特质的人相处，这样分歧就会减少，因此需要做选择的事情也会更少。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：从本能层面来说，Cerf的想法是说得通的：人们做出的很多选择来自社会压力和身边信任之人的意见。A. stands out突出；B. comes into force生效；C. makes sense有道理、说得通；D. plays a part起作用。根据前文“On an instinctive level”及后文“Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of people around them”可知，人们做出的很多选择并非自己主动做出，因此Cerf建议减少选择，提升幸福感从本能层面来说，是说得通的。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。A. distinguished杰出的；B. trusted被信任的；C. authorized授权的；D. preferred偏爱的。根据前文“Many choices people make”及后文“people around them”以及“probably one he trusts”可知，人们做出的很多选择来自身边信任之人的意见。 【27题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：Cerf给出一个例子：除了固定点菜单上第二个菜品之外，他从不决定去哪里吃饭。A. in addition to除……之外；B. instead of而不是；C. in spite of尽管；D. regardless of不管。根据前文“As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.”及后文“Rather, he his decision to his dining partner”可知，除了固定点菜单上第二个菜品之外，他从不决定吃饭地点。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，他把决定权交给一起吃饭的同伴——也就是他打算一起吃饭的、大概率是信任的朋友，总是让对方来选。A. returns归还；B. associates联系；C. explains解释；D. leaves留下，交给。根据前文“he never picks where to eat”可知，他从不决定去哪里吃饭，而是把决定权交给一起吃饭的同伴。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管还不清楚这些建议背后有没有科学原理支撑，但已有不少研究表明，选择有时带给人的不是解脱，而是困扰。A. evident明显的；B. unclear不清楚的；C. critical关键的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据前文“Cerf has extended his ideas — which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out”及后文“there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more than liberating.”及句中while表转折可知，他的观点借鉴了心理学中一些颇具争议的理论，说明这些建议背后的科学依据尚不明确。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. worrying令人担忧的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据后文实验“when they were given the option of one among 20, including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their ”说明选项多了人会选错，对应选择有时会让人困惑。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你很喜欢士力架，在它和杏仁乐、银河巧克力之间做选择，这本应该是一件不用动脑的事。A. stressor压力源；B. no-brainer无需思考的事；C. challenge挑战；D. headache头疼的事。根据前文“If you have a clear love of Snickers( 士力架)”及后文“When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy), they had no problem picking their favorite”可知，明确偏爱时做选择很简单。 【32题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，纽约大学神经科学家Paul Glimcher的实验表明，大多数时候确实如此，直到你有了更多选项。A. because因为；B. although虽然；C. so所以；D. until直到。根据前文“If you have a clear love of Snickers (士力架), choosing that over an Almond Joy (杏仁乐) or a Milky Way (银河巧克力) should be a ”及后文“when they were given the option of one among 20, including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their ”可知，选项少的时候很好选，直到选项变多，情况就改变了。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：当给参与者提供3种糖果棒（士力架、 银河巧克力、 杏仁乐）时，他们可以轻松选出自己最喜欢的那一款。但是当给受试者20种糖果（包含士力架）时，他们有时会偏离自己的偏好。A. preference偏好；B. struggle挣扎；C. status地位；D. ambition抱负。根据前文“When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy), they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20, including Snickers”可知，选项少时，可以轻松选出自己最喜欢的那一款，但选项多了就会偏离自己的喜好。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所以，当两件事物差别明显的时候，参与决策的脑区会形成清晰的信号模式，让决定变得简单。A. impressive令人印象深刻的；B. insignificant不重要的；C. unique独一无二的；D. distinct有区别的、明显不同的。与后文“When the choices are similar”形成对比，这里是差别明显时的情况。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：当选项相似时，大脑尽力关注二者之间的差别，但更多选项会淹没这种分辨能力。A. drown淹没；B. figure计算；C. carry携带；D. point指向。根据前文“When the choices are similar, the brain does its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices”的转折可知，大脑有区分相似事物差别的能力，但更多选项会淹没这种分辨能力。drown ...out固定搭配，表示“淹没、盖过”，指过多选项干扰大脑分辨差异。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph (胜利) of evil is for good men to do nothing. As a police officer, I have urgent words for good people. Our values are breaking down, and accountability is disappearing. Some might think it’s unnecessary for good people to act, or that good virtue naturally defeats evil, or that good men should just keep away from evil. But the truth is, if good men do nothing, society will be defeated by evil. Accountability means every person is responsible for their actions and consequences. Without it, there is no society. As police, external controls are far less effective than internal restraints (限制，约束) like guilt and shame. Luckily, in smaller towns, schools and parents still maintain old discipline and standards. Yet in larger cities, inner restraints are loosening. Today’s society doesn’t lack sympathy for people in difficulty; rather, it lacks a sense of justice. The main problem is a shift in attitudes. Today, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized (受害，被害) by their environment. Unfortunately, many people tend to excuse criminals, claiming that society, modern civilization, or the government should bear the blame for their crimes. I don’t believe it. Many people in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to commit crimes, proving criminal behavior is not inevitable. If we free criminals from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses. Some suggest setting more good examples, stricter school discipline, or more restrictions on behavior. While all are useful, the key point is that we desperately need more people to believe the criminal himself should bear the blame and to accept the value of accountability. 36. What the wise man said suggests that ________. A. it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil B. society will be defeated by evil if good men do nothing about it C. it’s only natural for good virtue to defeat evil D. it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil 37. The author will agree if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________. A. society is to be held responsible B. modern civilization is responsible for it C. the criminal himself should bear the blame D. the government should take the blame 38. The author is deeply concerned to have noticed that ________. A. people in some places tend to excuse criminals B. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards C. today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty D. people in disadvantaged circumstances are likely to commit crimes 39. The key point of the passage is that ________. A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families B. more good examples should be set for people to follow C. more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior D. more people should accept the value of accountability 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者以警察的身份指出，当前社会犯罪增多、道德滑坡的核心原因是责任感的缺失，呼吁更多人树立责任意识，让罪犯为自己的行为承担后果。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段首句“A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph (胜利) of evil is for good men to do nothing.(一位智者曾说，邪恶得逞的唯一必要条件，就是善良的人无所作为。)”以及段末关键句“If we free criminals from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses.(如果我们让罪犯摆脱问责，我们就会变成一个无休止的借口社会)”可知，智者的话暗示了如果好人对邪恶袖手旁观，社会就会被邪恶打败。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Today, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized (受害，被害) by their environment. Unfortunately, many people tend to excuse criminals, claiming that society, modern civilization, or the government should bear the blame for their crimes.(如今，人们认为罪犯是被环境所害的。不幸的是，许多人倾向于为罪犯开脱，声称应由社会、现代文明或政府来承担其犯罪行为的责任)”及第四段中，作者明确表示“I don’t believe it.(我不相信这种说法)”；并在最后一句强调“While all are useful, the key point is that we desperately need more people to believe the criminal himself should bear the blame and to accept the value of accountability.(虽然这些都有用，但关键在于，我们迫切需要更多人相信罪犯本人应承担责任，并接受问责的价值)”可知，作者认为罪犯本人应该为自己的罪行负责。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Unfortunately, many people tend to excuse criminals, claiming that society, modern civilization, or the government should bear the blame for their crimes.(遗憾的是，许多人倾向于为罪犯开脱，声称应由社会、现代文明或政府来承担他们犯罪的过错)”可知，作者对当今社会中人们倾向于为罪犯找借口、推卸责任的现象感到遗憾和担忧。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。文章通篇在探讨“accountability(责任感)”的缺失与重要性。根据文章最后一段“While all are useful, the key point is that we desperately need more people to believe the criminal himself should bear the blame and to accept the value of accountability.(虽然这些都有用，但关键在于，我们迫切需要更多人相信罪犯本人应承担责任，并接受问责的价值)”可知，文章的核心观点是呼吁更多的人接受并重视责任感的价值。 (B) Is being bilingual (双语的) good for your brain? Many papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism (多语种). Beyond opening conversational doors, it is supposed to improve “executive function” — the ability to ignore distractions and plan tasks. Most striking, some studies show bilinguals experience a later onset of dementia (痴呆). But some studies have failed to replicate, leaving experts questioning whether the effect is real. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language for brain benefits. A 2019 study showed that while language learning in adults doesn’t boost executive function, it does mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who master a second language fully. Frequent language switching may be particularly important: studies of interpreters show they are faster at switching between math problems than monolinguals (单语者), suggesting better cognitive control. But there is “a forest of complex variables”, says Mark Antoniou. Bilinguals differ from monolinguals in many ways: a diplomat’s child raised abroad may have cognitive advantages unrelated to bilingualism. Age also plays a role. Bilingual kids outperform monolinguals in early development, though monolingual classmates may later catch up. One analysis found 25 of 45 studies showed a bilingual advantage in children under 6, while only 17 did in those aged 6-12. Yet in poorer regions, studies find multilingual people show the strongest benefits, with researchers suspecting that bilingualism exercises children’s brains where schooling is insufficient. At life’s other end, Ellen Bialystok compares bilingualism’s cognitive protection to a slice of holey (有孔的) Swiss cheese: other brain-healthy habits like physical exercise are similar to piling slices of cheese, whose holes align (排列) differently, offering greater joint protection. 40. What does the word “mitigate” most probably mean in Paragraph 2? A. cause B. relieve C. ignore D. worsen 41. What can we infer about the bilingual advantage? A. Basic language learning brings obvious cognitive benefits. B. Monolinguals are faster at simple math than bilinguals. C. Interpreters’ cognitive control may come from language switching. D. Only fluent speakers gain the bilingual advantage. 42. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Bilinguals always have cognitive advantages over monolinguals. B. Bilingualism can reduce the insufficiency of schooling resources. C. Bilingual kids under 12 show a consistent cognitive advantage. D. Complex variables make the real cause hard to confirm. 43. What does Ellen Bialystok intend to explain by comparing bilingualism to “holey Swiss cheese”? A. Different habits have completely different protective effects. B. The protection from bilingualism is far less than exercise. C. Bilingualism combined with other habits offers greater protection. D. Bilingualism is the most effective way to protect the brain. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 43. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨了双语能力对大脑认知功能的影响，分析了双语者可能具有的认知优势以及影响这些因素的复杂变量。  【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language for brain benefits. A 2019 study showed that while language learning in adults doesn’t boost executive function, it does mitigate age-related cognitive decline. (好消息是，为了大脑健康而学习新语言永远不会太晚。2019 年的一项研究表明，虽然成人语言学习不能提升执行功能，但它确实能mitigate与年龄相关的认知衰退。)”可知，学习新语言对大脑有益，虽然不能提升执行功能，但应该能减缓认知衰退。因此，“mitigate”意为“减轻，缓解”，与“relieve”意思相近。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Frequent language switching may be particularly important: studies of interpreters show they are faster at switching between math problems than monolinguals (单语者), suggesting better cognitive control. (频繁的语言切换可能特别重要：对口译员的研究显示，他们在数学题之间切换的速度比单语者更快，这表明更好的认知控制能力。)”可知，口译员的认知控制能力可能来自语言切换。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“But there is “a forest of complex variables”, says Mark Antoniou. Bilinguals differ from monolinguals in many ways: a diplomat’s child raised abroad may have cognitive advantages unrelated to bilingualism. Age also plays a role. (Mark Antoniou 说，但存在“一片复杂的变量森林”。双语者与单语者在许多方面不同：在国外长大的外交官的孩子可能具有与双语能力无关的认知优势。年龄也起着作用。)”可知，复杂的变量使得真正的原因难以确定。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At life’s other end, Ellen Bialystok compares bilingualism’s cognitive protection to a slice of holey (有孔的) Swiss cheese: other brain-healthy habits like physical exercise are similar to piling slices of cheese, whose holes align (排列) differently, offering greater joint protection. (在人生的另一端，Ellen Bialystok 将双语能力对认知的保护比作一片有孔的瑞士奶酪：其他有益大脑健康的习惯，如体育锻炼，类似于堆叠奶酪片，每片干酪的孔排列方式不同，共同提供更强的保护作用。)”可知，Ellen将有孔奶酪比喻为双语能力，将堆叠奶酪片比喻为多种健康习惯，说明双语能力与其他习惯结合可以提供更大的保护。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” could eventually become less of a baby song and more of an elegy (挽歌). Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because “artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year,” according to a study that analyzed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. ____44____ To illustrate the magnitude of the change, researchers gave this example: A child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. ____45____. “We are losing, year by year, the possibility to see the stars, which has been a universal human experience,” said Fabio Falchi, a physicist at Chile’s University of Santiago de Compostela. “If you can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place. But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light-polluted place.” “____46____,” said Christopher Kyba, a physicist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. But the satellites used aren’t able to detect light with wavelengths toward the blue end of the spectrum (光谱) — including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs. More than half of the new outdoor lights installed in the United States in the past decade have been LED lights, according to the researchers. The satellites are also better at detecting light that scatters upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters horizontally, like the glow of an illuminated billboard at night. Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said skyglow disrupts circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) in humans and other forms of life: “____47____. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient toward the ocean — light pollution is a huge deal for them.” A. Prior studies of artificial lighting, which used satellite images, had estimated an annual increase of 2% in sky brightness. B. That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists had previously estimated looking at satellite data. C. That could effectively bring an end to the all-time popular children’s rhyme. D. By the time that child turns an adult, only less than half of the stars are still visible. E. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to orient where they are in the sky at night. F. Human beings are not the only victim affected by the disruption of artificial light overflow. 【答案】44. B 45. D 46. A 47. E 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了人造光对夜空的影响以及光污染对人类及动植物昼夜节律、生存迁徙的负面影响。 【44题详解】 上文“Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because “artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year,” according to a study that analyzed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers.(一项分析了五万多名天文爱好者反馈报告的研究显示，观赏星空正变得愈发困难，因为“人工照明正让夜空的亮度每年增加约 10%”。)”给出10%的年度增幅数据。 B选项“That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists had previously estimated looking at satellite data.(这一变化速度远比科学家此前通过卫星数据预估的要快得多。)”用That指代该数据，承接说明这个增速远超以往预估。 【45题详解】 上文“A child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night.(一个孩子出生时，晴朗的夜晚能看到250颗星星。)” 以孩子出生为时间起点举例，D选项“By the time that child turns an adult, only less than half of the stars are still visible.(等到这个孩子成年时，能看到的星星不足一半。)”以孩子成年为时间终点，形成时间跨度对比，直观体现星星逐年减少、光污染加剧，贴合举例目的。 【46题详解】 下文“But the satellites used aren’t able to detect light with wavelengths toward the blue end of the spectrum (光谱) — including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs.(然而，目前所用的卫星无法探测到光谱蓝光波段的光线，节能LED灯发出的光线就包含在此范围内。)”指出卫星监测的不足，A选项“Prior studies of artificial lighting, which used satellite images, had estimated an annual increase of 2% in sky brightness.(以往针对人造灯光的研究依靠卫星图像，预估夜空亮度年增幅仅为2%。)”先铺垫过往卫星研究的内容与数据，为下文介绍卫星局限做铺垫，前后呼应。 【47题详解】 根据上文“skyglow disrupts circadian rhythms in humans and other forms of life.(光污染扰乱人类和其他生物的昼夜节律)”和下文“And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient toward the ocean — light pollution is a huge deal for them.(海龟幼崽破壳而出后，也会借助光线辨别方向、爬向大海，而光污染对它们来说是个很大的问题。)”可知，上文指出光污染危害各类生物，下文举海龟例子，E选项“Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to orient where they are in the sky at night.(迁徙鸣禽通常依靠星光在夜间辨别方位。)”先举鸟类例子，并列举例，衔接And后的并列句式，结构一致。 IV. Grammar Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. 48. Never before in my life have I ________ (witness) such a spectacular performance on stage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】witnessed 【解析】 【详解】句意：我这辈子从来没有在舞台上目睹过如此精彩的表演。根据否定意义的副词短语Never before置于句首的规则可知，此处需要使用部分倒装结构，且该动作强调从过去到现在的经历对现在造成的影响，要使用现在完成时，将have提前构成部分倒装结构，witness的过去分词形式是witnessed。 49. It was in the remote mountain village ________ he spent his happy childhood years.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：正是在这个偏远的山村，他度过了快乐的童年时光。本句使用强调句型：It was/is +被强调部分 + that +其余部分，被强调部分是地点状语in the remote mountain village，所以空处应使用that。 50. If I ________ (be) you, I would apologize to her immediately without any hesitation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果我是你，我会立即毫不犹豫地向她道歉。根据主句谓语动词would apologize可知，从句应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，be动词用were。 51. Hardly had he entered the classroom when the bell ________ (ring) loudly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】rang 【解析】 【详解】句意：他刚一进教室，铃就大声响了起来。Hardly had...when... (刚……就……)为固定搭配，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，空处作从句谓语应用rang。 52. The professor suggested that every student ________ (hand) in the essay before Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hand##should hand 【解析】 【详解】句意：教授建议每个学生周五前交论文。suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，应用hand/should hand。 53. It was not until he lost his health ________ he realized the importance of exercise. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：直到失去健康，他才意识到锻炼的重要性。It was not until...that...是对not...until...引导的时间状语进行强调的特殊强调句型。 54. Not only ________ (do) she speak three foreign languages fluently, but she also plays the piano well.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】does 【解析】 【详解】句意：她不仅能流利地说三种外语，还擅长弹钢琴。当否定词Not only置于句首时，句子需要使用部分倒装语序，即将助动词提到主语之前；本句描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，对应的助动词用does。 55. I wish I ________ (not spend) so much time on meaningless things when I was young. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had not spent##hadn’t spent 【解析】 【详解】句意：我希望年轻时没有把那么多时间花在毫无意义的事情上。wish后接宾语从句时，应用虚拟语气，根据从句时间状语when I was young可知，表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时had not spent/hadn’t spent。 56. Only when you overcome your fears ________ you truly grow as a person. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】will 【解析】 【详解】句意：只有当你克服恐惧，你才能真正成长。当“Only+状语从句”置于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装语序，结构为“助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语剩余部分”，根据从句时态可知，此处是主将从现，主句应用一般将来时，应用will。 57. It is the small daily habits ________ ultimately determine our long-term success. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：正是这些日常小习惯最终决定了我们的长期成功。此处为强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分”，被强调部分为主语the small daily habits。 V. Translation　(3'+3'+3'+4') Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 58. 受利润驱使，传统节日的商业化导致美国肥胖率上升。(contribute) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Driven by profit, the commercialization of traditional festivals contributes to the rising obesity rate in the United States. 【解析】 【详解】“受利润驱使”表达为driven by profit，因“驱使”与主句主语“商业化”为被动关系，用过去分词作原因状语，符合语法规则；“传统节日的商业化”表达为the commercialization of traditional festivals，为不可数名词短语作句子主语；“导致”结合提示词contribute，固定搭配contribute to意为“促成、导致”，句子陈述客观社会现象，采用一般现在时，故谓语用第三人称单数contributes；“美国肥胖率上升”表达为the rising obesity rate in the United States。 59. 我们必须意识到，尝试弥合贫富差距是应对社会挑战的关键。(aware) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 We must be aware that trying to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor is the key to addressing social challenges. 【解析】 【详解】中文短语“我们必须意识到”：提示词aware为形容词，无法直接作谓语，需搭配情态动词must与be动词构成完整谓语，“意识到”的固定搭配为be aware that（后接宾语从句引出认知内容），故译为“We must be aware that”。中文短语“尝试弥合贫富差距”：“尝试做某事”表达为try to do sth；“弥合（差距）”表达为核心动词bridge；“贫富差距”表达为the gap between the rich and the poor（the+形容词表一类人，为固定表达）；因该部分在从句中作主语，需将动词转换为动名词形式，故译为trying to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor。中文短语“是应对社会挑战的关键”：“……的关键”表达为固定搭配the key to (doing) sth.，此处to为介词，后需接名词/动名词；“应对社会挑战”表达为addressing social challenges，故译为is the key to addressing social challenges。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。 60. 这位候选人呼吁平衡工作与生活，并为他之前的言论道歉。(appeal)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The candidate appealed for a balance between work and life, and apologized for his previous remarks. 【解析】 【详解】“这位候选人”用名词短语the candidate作主语，“呼吁”用动词短语appeal for作谓语，描述已经发生的事，用一般过去时appealed for，“平衡工作与生活”用名词短语a balance between work and life作appealed for的宾语；“并”用并列连词and连接并列谓语，“为……道歉”用apologize for作第二个谓语，同样用一般过去时apologized for，“他之前的言论”用名词短语his previous remarks作介词for的宾语。 61. 心理学家表明，情绪低落的社交媒体网红可以从做善事中获得乐趣。(down; kick) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Psychologists suggest that social media influencers feeling down can get a kick out of doing good deeds. 【解析】 【详解】 “心理学家”表达为psychologists，为句子的主语；“表明”表达为suggest，此处为陈述专业观点，用一般现在时态，后接that引导的宾语从句，从句用陈述语气即可；“情绪低落的”结合题目给定提示词down，固定搭配feel down表情绪低落，此处用现在分词feeling down作后置定语修饰“社交媒体网红”，“社交媒体网红”表达为social media influencers，为从句的主语；“从做善事中获得乐趣”结合题目给定提示词kick，固定搭配get a kick out of doing sth.表示“从做某事中获得乐趣”，“做善事”表达为doing good deeds。 VI. Guided Writing (18') 62. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris最近给你发来一封邮件，内容如下：“Recently I’ve noticed that many online celebrities recommend products without clearly admitting they are paid to do so. It’s really hard to tell whether their reviews are honest. What do you think of “stealth marketing”? Should we trust what they say?” 请你给 Chris 写一封回信，内容包括： 1）简要描述你所了解的“网红隐形营销”现象； 2）结合具体事例，谈谈你对此现象的看法。 （注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Chris, I’m glad to receive your email about stealth marketing. Here are my thoughts. In China, many online celebrities promote products without clearly stating they are paid. They present these items as personal favorites, making it hard for viewers to distinguish genuine recommendations from advertisements. Last month, a popular blogger I followed recommended a skincare product, claiming it transformed her skin. Because I trusted her, I bought it, only to find it caused irritation. Later, I learned she had been paid heavily for that post. In my view, stealth marketing is unethical because it exploits consumers’ trust. What these influencers do is misleading, as they prioritize profit over honesty. We should not blindly trust online reviews. Instead, we ought to check multiple sources and read real user feedback before making purchases. Only with critical thinking can we avoid falling into such traps. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高三学生李华的身份给英国笔友Chris回信，描述“网红隐形营销”现象并结合具体事例谈谈对此现象的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 清楚地：clearly→explicitly 大量地：heavily→substantially 误导的：misleading→deceptive 诚实：honesty→integrity 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Because I trusted her, I bought it, only to find it caused irritation. 拓展句：Trusting her, I bought it, only to find it caused irritation. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What these influencers do is misleading, as they prioritize profit over honesty. (运用了what引导的主语从句以及as引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】Only with critical thinking can we avoid falling into such traps. (运用了“only+介词短语”置于句首引起的部分倒装结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海中学东校 2026 学年度 第一学期中期素质评估 高二英语 2026. 11 （满分：110 分　　时间：90 分钟） 题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 得分 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She is younger than her sister. B. She no longer looks like her sister. C. She does not get along well with her sister. D. She does not spend much time with her kids. 2. A. Inquire about a job. B. Withdraw some cash. C. Spend her extra money on books. D. Find out when the bookstore opens. 3. A. Paper plates are cheaper than dishes. B. The woman’s roommate will return soon. C. There is no need to wash any dishes now. D. Dishes break more easily than paper plates. 4. A. The report was finished last Friday. B. He will meet the woman briefly on Friday. C. The report will not be ready until Thursday. D. He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting. 5. A. She has not applied to any universities yet. B. She will begin university classes in a few weeks. C. She is too busy to contact the university right now. D. She does not know yet if a university will accept her. 6. A. Cancel their trip. B. Ask for directions. C. Go back for the map. D. Try a different route to the beach. 7. A. Lower the student’s grade. B. Reconsider his position later. C. Contact the student’s surgeon. D. Allow the student to miss class. 8. A. She has to quit her job in the laboratory. B. She enjoys doing laboratory experiments. C. She cut herself while working in the laboratory. D. She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too. 9. A. He is planning to work during spring break. B. He does not have enough money for the trip yet. C. The trip is too far off in the future to think about. D. He has changed his mind about going to Canada. 10. A. He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive. B. He will be happy to share their dessert. C. He expected the traffic to be bad. D. He is not upset that they ate lunch. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk. 11. A. It takes several years to learn. B. It requires no previous experience. C. It requires no patience and practice. D. It takes quite a lot of money to learn. 12. A. It is time-consuming. B. It is complicated. C. It is absorbing. D. It is shameful. 13. A. They have devoted much time to it. B. They feel proud of their own ability. C. They can wear them for a longer time. D. They have bought the materials locally. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Scottish soil has been found similar to that on Mars. B. Mars has long been considered a place rich in minerals. C. It’s fun to build connections between Mars and Scotland. D. The Curiosity Rover has made a new discovery about Mars. 15. A. 1,500. B. 6. C. 2012. D. 30. 16. A. It can enrich the Scottish soil database. B. It can locate where there are basaltic rocks. C. It can help us have a better knowledge of Mars. D. It can provide us with the opportunity to understand Scotland. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She will be able to join the economics seminar. B. She has a new printer for her computer. C. She finished paying back her loan. D. She got an A on her term paper. 18. A. The importance of paying back loans as soon as possible. B. A way to help people improve their economic conditions. C. Using computers to increase business efficiency. D. The expansion of international business. 19. A. It is the topic of his term paper. B. He would like to find a job there. C. His economics professor did research work there. D. Microcredit programs have been very successful there. 20. A. Cancel her credit card. B. Sign up for the economics class. C. Do research on banks in Asia. D. Type the man’s term paper. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. AI in the Classroom: A 2026 Perspective By early 2026, the debate over AI has evolved from mere adoption to sophisticated mastery. A study ____1____ (conduct) recently by TIME suggests that personalized AI tutors, ____2____ were once highly controversial, have improved literacy rates by 15% across several pilot schools. Not until these systems ____3____ (integrate) into daily routines will their transformative potential be realized. These tools are capable of identifying the exact moment ____4____ a student’s attention begins to wander, providing instant feedback that no human teacher could manage for thirty students simultaneously. However, many educators remain skeptical, fearing that ____5____ (allow) students to rely too heavily on algorithms to generate ideas would cause their critical thinking skills to inevitably diminish over time. “The goal of education is to have the cognitive ability ____6____ (exercise) regularly without digital assistance.” says Dr. Lee, whose expertise lies in cognitive psychology. ____7____ these persistent concerns, schools are now implementing “Hybrid Learning” rules to balance high-tech automation with human intuition. Students under this framework are encouraged to draft their ideas independently, ____8____ AI-enhanced tools only for refinement. The question remains ____9____ we can maintain the human element in an increasingly automated world. Indeed, the essence of education lies not in the mere delivery of facts, but in the spark of inspiration that occurs between a mentor and a learner. Most forward-thinking educators consider ____10____ essential to nurture students’ emotional intelligence alongside their digital literacy. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. recall B. present C. handling D. defeating E. containing F. content G. minimized H. evidently I. refresh J. eventually K. exhausted Most individuals experience some form of test anxiety when they take an important examination. This anxiety can ____11____ itself in physical symptoms like nausea (恶心) or sweaty palms, or in emotional symptoms like panic and irritability (易怒). Often, individuals will become nervous long before the exam date because they feel ____12____ by the amount of material they must master. The first step in ____13____ this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be ____14____ In order to regain control over anxiety, one should break the exam ____15____ into smaller sections. It will seem much easier to master a series of small subjects than to handle a huge subject all at once. Test-takers should make a study schedule weeks or months ahead of the exam, and give themselves a small amount to learn each period. When the exam day ____16____ arrives, anxiety will be reduced by the feeling of preparedness. Apart from that, anxiety can be lessened in a few easy ways. First, avoid having any excessively stimulating foods, such as those ____17____ caffeine or sugar, on the day of the exam. Getting a good night’s sleep and a little bit of exercise will ____18____ one’s brain and allow for easy ____19____ of the learned material. During the exam, breathe deeply and sit in a comfortable position. On exams where this is possible, many people find comfort in going through and answering all of the easy questions before ____20____ the more difficult ones. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has ____21____ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant. This is ____22____ by his research in neuroeconomics (神经经济学) (a somewhat new, divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas — which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out — into a piece of advice that, to____23____ happiness, people should “build a life that requires ____24____ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.” On an instinctive level, Cerf’s idea____25____: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of____26____ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that, ____27____ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he ____28____ his decision to his dining partner — which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts — and always lets them pick. While it’s ____29____ what, if any, scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more ____30____ than liberating. An example from Quanta points (假设): If you have a clear love of Snickers (士力架), choosing that over an Almond Joy (杏仁乐) or a Milky Way (银河巧克力) should be a ____31____. However, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows, most of the time it is, ____32____ you introduce more choices. When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy), they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20, including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their____33____. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision. As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization (分裂归一化)”, which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So, if you have two things that are clearly ____34____, brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are similar, the brain does its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices____35____ that ability out. 21. A. relieved B. released C. deleted D. liberated 22. A. infected B. ignored C. required D. inspired 23. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. cover 24. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder 25. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part 26. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. preferred 27. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of 28. A. returns B. associates C. explains D. leaves 29. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable 30. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing 31. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache 32. A. because B. although C. so D. until 33. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. ambition 34. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct 35. A. drown B. figure C. carry D. point Section B Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph (胜利) of evil is for good men to do nothing. As a police officer, I have urgent words for good people. Our values are breaking down, and accountability is disappearing. Some might think it’s unnecessary for good people to act, or that good virtue naturally defeats evil, or that good men should just keep away from evil. But the truth is, if good men do nothing, society will be defeated by evil. Accountability means every person is responsible for their actions and consequences. Without it, there is no society. As police, external controls are far less effective than internal restraints (限制，约束) like guilt and shame. Luckily, in smaller towns, schools and parents still maintain old discipline and standards. Yet in larger cities, inner restraints are loosening. Today’s society doesn’t lack sympathy for people in difficulty; rather, it lacks a sense of justice. The main problem is a shift in attitudes. Today, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized (受害，被害) by their environment. Unfortunately, many people tend to excuse criminals, claiming that society, modern civilization, or the government should bear the blame for their crimes. I don’t believe it. Many people in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to commit crimes, proving criminal behavior is not inevitable. If we free criminals from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses. Some suggest setting more good examples, stricter school discipline, or more restrictions on behavior. While all are useful, the key point is that we desperately need more people to believe the criminal himself should bear the blame and to accept the value of accountability. 36. What the wise man said suggests that ________. A. it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil B. society will be defeated by evil if good men do nothing about it C. it’s only natural for good virtue to defeat evil D. it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil 37. The author will agree if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________. A. society is to be held responsible B. modern civilization is responsible for it C. the criminal himself should bear the blame D. the government should take the blame 38. The author is deeply concerned to have noticed that ________. A. people in some places tend to excuse criminals B. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards C. today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty D. people in disadvantaged circumstances are likely to commit crimes 39. The key point of the passage is that ________. A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families B. more good examples should be set for people to follow C. more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior D. more people should accept the value of accountability (B) Is being bilingual (双语的) good for your brain? Many papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism (多语种). Beyond opening conversational doors, it is supposed to improve “executive function” — the ability to ignore distractions and plan tasks. Most striking, some studies show bilinguals experience a later onset of dementia (痴呆). But some studies have failed to replicate, leaving experts questioning whether the effect is real. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language for brain benefits. A 2019 study showed that while language learning in adults doesn’t boost executive function, it does mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who master a second language fully. Frequent language switching may be particularly important: studies of interpreters show they are faster at switching between math problems than monolinguals (单语者), suggesting better cognitive control. But there is “a forest of complex variables”, says Mark Antoniou. Bilinguals differ from monolinguals in many ways: a diplomat’s child raised abroad may have cognitive advantages unrelated to bilingualism. Age also plays a role. Bilingual kids outperform monolinguals in early development, though monolingual classmates may later catch up. One analysis found 25 of 45 studies showed a bilingual advantage in children under 6, while only 17 did in those aged 6-12. Yet in poorer regions, studies find multilingual people show the strongest benefits, with researchers suspecting that bilingualism exercises children’s brains where schooling is insufficient. At life’s other end, Ellen Bialystok compares bilingualism’s cognitive protection to a slice of holey (有孔的) Swiss cheese: other brain-healthy habits like physical exercise are similar to piling slices of cheese, whose holes align (排列) differently, offering greater joint protection. 40. What does the word “mitigate” most probably mean in Paragraph 2? A. cause B. relieve C. ignore D. worsen 41. What can we infer about the bilingual advantage? A. Basic language learning brings obvious cognitive benefits. B. Monolinguals are faster at simple math than bilinguals. C. Interpreters’ cognitive control may come from language switching. D. Only fluent speakers gain the bilingual advantage. 42. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Bilinguals always have cognitive advantages over monolinguals. B. Bilingualism can reduce the insufficiency of schooling resources. C. Bilingual kids under 12 show a consistent cognitive advantage. D. Complex variables make the real cause hard to confirm. 43. What does Ellen Bialystok intend to explain by comparing bilingualism to “holey Swiss cheese”? A. Different habits have completely different protective effects. B. The protection from bilingualism is far less than exercise. C. Bilingualism combined with other habits offers greater protection. D. Bilingualism is the most effective way to protect the brain. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” could eventually become less of a baby song and more of an elegy (挽歌). Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because “artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year,” according to a study that analyzed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. ____44____ To illustrate the magnitude of the change, researchers gave this example: A child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. ____45____. “We are losing, year by year, the possibility to see the stars, which has been a universal human experience,” said Fabio Falchi, a physicist at Chile’s University of Santiago de Compostela. “If you can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place. But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light-polluted place.” “____46____,” said Christopher Kyba, a physicist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. But the satellites used aren’t able to detect light with wavelengths toward the blue end of the spectrum (光谱) — including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs. More than half of the new outdoor lights installed in the United States in the past decade have been LED lights, according to the researchers. The satellites are also better at detecting light that scatters upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters horizontally, like the glow of an illuminated billboard at night. Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said skyglow disrupts circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) in humans and other forms of life: “____47____. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient toward the ocean — light pollution is a huge deal for them.” A. Prior studies of artificial lighting, which used satellite images, had estimated an annual increase of 2% in sky brightness. B. That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists had previously estimated looking at satellite data. C. That could effectively bring an end to the all-time popular children’s rhyme. D. By the time that child turns an adult, only less than half of the stars are still visible. E. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to orient where they are in the sky at night. F. Human beings are not the only victim affected by the disruption of artificial light overflow. IV. Grammar Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. 48. Never before in my life have I ________ (witness) such a spectacular performance on stage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. It was in the remote mountain village ________ he spent his happy childhood years.(用适当的词填空) 50. If I ________ (be) you, I would apologize to her immediately without any hesitation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. Hardly had he entered the classroom when the bell ________ (ring) loudly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. The professor suggested that every student ________ (hand) in the essay before Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. It was not until he lost his health ________ he realized the importance of exercise. (用适当的词填空) 54. Not only ________ (do) she speak three foreign languages fluently, but she also plays the piano well.(所给词的适当形式填空) 55. I wish I ________ (not spend) so much time on meaningless things when I was young. (所给词的适当形式填空) 56. Only when you overcome your fears ________ you truly grow as a person. (用适当的词填空) 57. It is the small daily habits ________ ultimately determine our long-term success. (用适当的词填空) V. Translation　(3'+3'+3'+4') Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 58. 受利润驱使，传统节日的商业化导致美国肥胖率上升。(contribute) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 59. 我们必须意识到，尝试弥合贫富差距是应对社会挑战的关键。(aware) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 60. 这位候选人呼吁平衡工作与生活，并为他之前的言论道歉。(appeal)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 61. 心理学家表明，情绪低落的社交媒体网红可以从做善事中获得乐趣。(down; kick) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (18') 62. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris最近给你发来一封邮件，内容如下：“Recently I’ve noticed that many online celebrities recommend products without clearly admitting they are paid to do so. It’s really hard to tell whether their reviews are honest. What do you think of “stealth marketing”? Should we trust what they say?” 请你给 Chris 写一封回信，内容包括： 1）简要描述你所了解的“网红隐形营销”现象； 2）结合具体事例，谈谈你对此现象的看法。 （注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $