精品解析：2026-2027学年上海市闵行中学高二第一学期期中考试英语试卷

2026学年第一学期高二期中质量检测 英语试卷 （完卷时间：120分钟 满分：150分） I. Listening Comprehension (10’+20’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Go to the supermarket B. Water the living room plants C. Pack snacks for the beach trip D. Wait for his dad at the beach 2. A. Blue B. White C. Brown D. Black 3. A. Lisa will meet the client tomorrow B. Mark is the best person for the client meeting C. David will take Mark’s place to meet the client D. The man is worried about David’s ability 4. A. Watch the talk show on TV B. Watch the football match online C. Change the channel for the football match D. Record the football match for later watching 5. A. Sarah will go to John’s wedding next week B. John will look after Sarah’s cat for a few days C. Sarah needs to feed her cat twice a day D. John can’t take care of Sarah’s cat 6. A. The woman is happy with the man’s behavior B. The man took the woman’s tolerance for granted C. The man never wants to make the woman upset D. The woman will not forgive the man this time 7. A. Go to the gym with the woman B. Drive the woman to the dress shop C. Pick up the woman’s dress for her D. Alter the woman’s dress at the shop 8. A. Sara was polite to the restaurant waiter B. Josh thought Sara’s behavior was unpleasant C. The woman had dinner with Josh alone yesterday D. Sara shouted at the waiter for the wrong dish 9. A. The match will be held in Sydney next Friday B. The man will not play in the important match C. The Sydney match is put off for one day due to an emergency D. The woman has already known about the match’s change 10. A. The woman dislikes the apartment’s location B. The man is often woken up by the traffic at night C. The apartment is far from the woman’s office D. The woman is a light sleeper like the man Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. How a bird researcher developed his passion for birds B. The influence of light pollution on birds’ migration C. The preparation for a field study about urban birds D. The help from local birdwatchers in bird research 12. A. He read many animal science books at university B. A nature documentary made him fall in love with birds C. He chose ecology as his major when he entered university D. His family’s camping trips made him a bird researcher 13. A. Studying the effect of air pollution on bird migration B. Writing a report about birds’ daytime activity in cities C. Designing a field study on birds’ nighttime activity in cities D. Working with local birdwatchers to protect wild birds Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The travel tips for the village of Middleton B. The preparation for a tree-planting volunteer activity C. The development of tourism in Middleton village D. The introduction of the Green Partnership’s work 15. A. Volunteers need to have professional tree-planting experience B. Volunteers will be provided with lunch and evening meals C. Volunteers are advised to walk to the site for no parking D. Volunteers can find the site by following red arrow signs 16. A. Wear trainers for digging in the muddy site B. Bring extra clothes to change into after digging C. Wear light clothes because the site is very hot D. Buy gardening gloves by themselves for digging Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She is worried about not adapting to the new college B. She is the oldest student in her year at college C. She doesn’t like joining the college’s after-school activities D. She has no friends to live with in the dormitory 18. A. Join different age groups’ hobby groups B. Make the most of the college’s courses C. Contact the girls in the same dormitory in advance D. Take part in after-school activities to make friends 19. A. She has already met Hannah, Kelly and Bree B. She has got in touch with a dormitory roommate C. She is the only new student in the dormitory D. She will live with Mr. Lee on the college campus 20. A. He is Catherine’s dormitory roommate B. He helps Catherine solve her study problems C. He tells Catherine Bree is also a new transfer student D. He advises Catherine to live off the campus II. Grammar and Vocabulary (10’+10’) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. The ancient ritual of respecting teachers In ancient China, education was highly valued, and teachers enjoyed great respect in society. This respect was shown through a formal ceremony called the teacher-acceptance ritual, ____1____ merely a casual greeting, to mark the start of the teacher-student relationship. The ceremony was a serious expression of respect and a promise ____2____ (pursue) knowledge. Imagine the scene: a respected teacher, wearing a loose Confucian robe, sits quietly behind a wooden desk. On the desk is a portrait of Confucius, ____3____ famous thinker whose ideas formed the moral and educational base of Chinese society. The teacher looks wise and steady, acting ____4____ a guide for young learners. Before the desk kneels a young student in simple clothes, whose face shows a mix of nervousness and respect. The student carries out the traditional bowing ritual, first to the portrait of Confucius, ____5____ (stand) for respect for the values of learning and goodness. Next, the student bows to the teacher, recognizing that the teacher will guide them, ____6____ the path of learning is never easy. As part of the ritual, the student offers the six ritual gifts, each of ____7____ carries a special meaning about education and respect. These gifts include celery (芹菜) for hard work, lotus seeds (莲子) for a pure mind, red beans for honesty, dates (枣子) for early achievements, dried longan (龙眼) for wisdom, and dried meat as a symbol of health and long life. Every object tells a meaningful story and ____8____ (strengthen) the cultural bond between teachers and students. By presenting these, students expressed gratitude for their teachers’ guidance. It was also a way to wish teachers good health, for people knew clearly how important teachers ____9____ (be) in nurturing young people. Such gifts were not limited to this ceremony. Teachers might receive presents on major festivals. These gifts passed on the traditional idea that educators should be respected. The ritual and the custom of offering dried meat show _____10_____ ancient Chinese people honored their teachers. This tradition reminds us that respect for education has deep roots. In ancient times, learning was never only about gaining knowledge; it was also a moral journey led by tradition and mutual respect. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. cognitive B. delay C. profound D. navigate E. retain F. enhance G. multilingual H. equipped I. flexibility J. acquire K. decline The ability to speak multiple languages has long been valued for its practical benefits in travel and career. However, recent neuroscience research suggests that the advantages of bilingualism and multilingualism extend far deeper than convenience — they fundamentally reshape the brain in ways that ____11____ cognitive performance across the entire lifespan. One of the most remarkable findings is that ____12____ individuals show a significant delay in the onset of dementia symptoms. A landmark study involving 684 participants found that those who spoke four or more languages developed Alzheimer's disease an average of five years later than monolinguals. This protective effect suggests that managing multiple language systems creates a ____13____reserve that keeps the brain resilient even as it ages. The mechanism behind this advantage is believed to be the constant mental ____14____ required to switch between languages. Every time a multilingual speaker chooses the correct word in the right language while suppressing alternatives, they exercise the brain's executive control system. Over decades, this daily workout strengthens neural connections and builds ____15____cognitive reserves that protect the brain from age-related decline. Children raised in bilingual households also demonstrate measurable advantages. They tend to outperform monolingual peers on tasks that require attention control and mental switching — abilities that are essential for academic success. By the time they reach school age, these children are better ____16____ to filter out distractions and focus on what matters. Critics sometimes argue that learning multiple languages may confuse children and ____17____ their language development. However, decades of research have thoroughly disproven this concern. In reality, bilingual children typically ____18____ vocabulary at the same rate as their monolingual peers, and any slight differences in vocabulary size within each individual language are far outweighed by the cognitive advantages that bilingual children ____19____ throughout their lives. As globalization continues to bring cultures into closer contact, the case for multilingual education grows stronger. In an interconnected world, the ability to ____20____ between languages and cultural perspectives is not just an academic advantage — it is an essential skill for global citizenship. III. Reading Comprehension (15’+22’+8’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The word ‘habits’ gets thrown around a lot.Your doctor encourages you to get into the ‘good habit’ of eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day; your friend ____21____ their ‘bad habit’ of checking social media before bed; maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel ____22____,. But according to psychologists, not everything you do, or want to do, frequently or regularly, is ____23____ a habit. Some of the situations above are more about goals (what you hope to achieve at some point in the future), ____24____ (your plans for what you’re going to do) and skills (such as being able to hit musical notes consistently), than about habits. ____25____, routines — such as going to the gym regularly — have the ____26____ to become a habit, but it’s not for sure that they will. So, what exactly is a habit? And what does it take to make one that’s ‘good’ or ____27____ one that’s ‘bad’? One key feature of habits is that once something is what you do by habit, you do it without thinking. Building on that idea, psychologists today say that what makes a habit a habit is that it’s a behaviour that’s started ____28____ by specific cues (提示) in the environment. The pairing between the cue and the action might have begun as ____29____ — that is, done to serve a particular goal or because it’s rewarding, but over time, the association is ____30____ and now it plays out without thought even if the behaviour is no longer pleasurable or desirable. This process of a behaviour in a particular situation starting out as willful but then becoming increasingly automatic through ____31____, has been shown at the level of brain activity. When a behaviour turns into a habit, the brain relies less on goal-directed systems and more on those driving ____32____ action. Or, to put it another way, the decision-making process you once had to ____33____ to perform the behaviour has been bypassed. But what really makes habits so interesting to psychologists and other health professionals is the way they can ____34____ our behaviour for better and worse. The healthy or unhealthy habits you may have can have an outsized influence on the kind of lifestyle you lead, and on your ability to fulfil your longer-tern goals. So, if you’ve formed a number of unhealthy habits, the long-term ____35____ impact could be significant. 21. A. worries about B. takes pride in C. benefits from D. depends on 22. A. exhausting B. worrying C. habitual D. imperfect 23. A. reversely B. alternatively C. necessarily D. academically 24. A. calendars B. intentions C. preferences D. actions 25. A. Still B. Consequently C. Instead D. Therefore 26. A. right B. limit C. advantage D. potential 27. A. define B. break C. form D. have 28. A. barely B. thoroughly C. early D. automatically 29. A. purposeful B. mindless C. temporary D. accidental 30. A. confirmed B. strengthened C. discovered D. approved 31. A. repetition B. struggle C. practice D. selection 32. A. decisive B. positive C. instinctive D. unlawful 33. A. come back B. settle down C. take over D. go through 34. A. control B. change C. interpret D. observe 35. A. indirect B. emotional C. unexpected D. harmful Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents. Around the same time, they sold their house and we decided to build them a bungalow (平房) in our garden. We moved them in with us until the build was complete. Packing up my parents’ house felt like a massive goodbye — that bedroom, those memories, the feeling of safety and shelter I always felt there. That evening, I sat in the living room watching TV, temporarily free of my own responsibilities, lost in nostalgia (留恋). Even though I’m a grown woman in my 40s with my own family, it felt scary not to have “home” to go back to. On our final morning in the house, we took a break from the mind-bending, never-ending work of packing to sit down for that last breakfast. Mum voiced what we were all thinking: It was strange to see the place so empty. I worried that they’d begin to think they’d made a mistake. “How do you feel?” I asked. There was a silence as Dad continued to drink his tea, and I held my breath. “Well, it’s pretty awesome, isn’t it?” he replied. I breathed a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. His response had an impact on me. Yes, it was a huge goodbye in so many ways, but it was also the start of something new — an adventure in multigenerational living. I realised this wasn’t about loss at all, but about movement and trust. Hearing Dad’s cheerfulness, I realised that what I’d been seeing as “the end of an era” was actually the start of a new one. Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. 36. After they had twins, the author and her husband decided to ________. A. visit her parents B. move back to Yorkshire C. rent a house for the family D. raise their children in London 37. During the breakfast, the author worried that ________. A. she might lose her shelter in the future B. there would be too much work in packing C. her parents might regret selling their house D. it would be hard to live a multigenerational life 38. How did the author feel after hearing her dad’s response? A. Uplifted. B. Puzzled. C. Concerned. D. Honoured. 39. What does the story mainly tell us? A. Silence is the best cure for nostalgia. B. Distance makes the heart grow fonder. C. Optimism lights the path for tomorrow. D. Parenting sets the pace of a child’s growth. (B) Volunteers Wanted ·Age 18 — 50 ·Duration: 1 — 12 weeks ·You’ll get airport pickup, accommodation with breakfast, free-time activities About the Programme UPCYCLING is a programme that intends to reduce waste. By reimagining items that might otherwise end up in landfills (垃圾场), UPCYCLING not only helps conserve natural resources but also encourages innovation and environmental awareness. We welcome volunteers to help transform reclaimed materials into objects with new and creative purposes. What to Expect Furniture Restoration: take an active role in transforming reclaimed furniture and materials into useful items, giving them a new life; Creative Workshops: learn basic repairs and artistic redesign of old furniture, while sharing knowledge and ideas with fellow volunteers, Social & Environmental Action: help address social and environmental challenges through creativity and cooperation. Community Services: support communities by providing upcycled goods to those in need and help promote projects through social platforms to widen outreach. A Typical Day You will work on a morning, afternoon or evening shift at your project site for 3 to 5 hours per day, Monday to Friday. Schedule 8:00 — 10:00 a.m. Breakfast at the hotel 10:00 a.m. Work at the project sites, or enjoy your free time Free-time Activities In your free time, you can explore the city, have language classes, surf or choose your favourite from among the following. Riding Hiking Swimming Water Sports Concert Museum 40. The programme aims to ________ A. create new materials B. cut down on waste C. set up social platforms D. promote language learning 41. The programme provides certain community members with ________. A. free-time activities B. upcycled goods C. hotel services D. airport pickups 42. What can volunteers do? A. Schedule the projects. B. Organise creative workshops. C. Design art classes. D. Participate in water sports. C Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 43. The author mentions snow in order to . A. illustrate a point B. contrast approaches C. classify objects D. define a concept 44. The word “desensitised” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to . A. more sensitive B. less responsive C. easily attracted D. strongly opposed 45. What can we learn from this passage? A. Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B. Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C. Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D. Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 46. What is implied in this passage? A. Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B. Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C. Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D. Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Deadly Heat Domes Still Confuse Forecasters Last month, record-high temperatures swept across the eastern US, leading to power emergencies. The cause was a huge high-pressure zone known as a heat dome. This summer, it also hit Europe and China, leading to the temporary closure of the Eiffel Tower and worries about dying rice crops. ____47____ “Unlike larger-scale patterns such as El Niño, which can be forecast months in advance,” said Scott Handel, lead forecaster at the US Climate Prediction Center. “Heat domes have a much shorter lead time and are more complex.” Zach Zobel, a scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center, said “heat dome” is a term to describe dangerous heat waves for the public. It happens when a large high-pressure system sits over an area, heating it with still air and unstopping sunlight. ____48____ Heat domes cause huge harm including wildfires, droughts, stressed crops, higher electricity demand and prices. They even cut airliners’ transport capacity and damage railroad tracks. The US EPA said over 14,000 Americans died directly from heat-related causes between 1979 and 2022. Climate change is making heat domes more common and stronger. The Arctic is warming faster than other parts of the world, which weakens the jet stream — a strong wind that keeps weather moving. ____49____ Although scientists are still studying how this works, it is clear that better forecasts and earlier warnings are needed to protect people and reduce damage. ____50____ Measuring how fast the jet stream moves can be a predictor. When the speed is low, it can be an indicator of widespread heat domes. Weather forecasters also rely on measures like soil moisture (湿度) since drier land means higher temperatures, which is direct evidence for heat domes. “The weather event that kills more than anybody else on the planet is heat,” Zobel said, “It is silently a big human impact, making the need for more accurate forecasts with longer lead times all the more important.” A. This traps more heat and makes the high pressure stronger. B. The result: heat domes can’t be driven away and thus stay longer over certain areas. C. However, predicting heat domes remains a significant challenge. D. Now, scientists are opening their toolboxes to try and figure out where and when heat domes will strike. E. To make things worse, forecasting heat domes is hard — a big worry as the world gets warmer. F. That influences heat domes in two ways. IV. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasant way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people bail it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of Oates’ studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (4’+5’+5’+6’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 那些长期承受巨大压力的人更容易失眠。（suffer）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 只要严格按照科学家设计的方案开展实验，我们就能收集到可靠的数据。(conduct) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 如果你能按照自己的节奏坚持追寻目标，这份可贵的美德终将为你带来令人瞩目的成就。（persist）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 我们所在的社区发起了一场保护野生动物的宣传活动，呼吁居民减少塑料垃圾；聚沙成塔，人类便能在生态保护方面有所作为。（difference）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Direction: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instruction given below in Chinese. 你的同班同学李明最近和你聊天，他明白好习惯对学习很重要，也想改掉拖延、容易分心的毛病，但不知道该如何着手养成一个稳定的学习习惯，常常尝试几天就放弃了。请你给他写一封信，内容包括： 1. 简单说明起步养成习惯的关键； 2. 给出两条切实可行的建议，帮他迈出第一步； 3. 表达鼓励。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年第一学期高二期中质量检测 英语试卷 （完卷时间：120分钟 满分：150分） I. Listening Comprehension (10’+20’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Go to the supermarket B. Water the living room plants C. Pack snacks for the beach trip D. Wait for his dad at the beach 2. A. Blue B. White C. Brown D. Black 3. A. Lisa will meet the client tomorrow B. Mark is the best person for the client meeting C. David will take Mark’s place to meet the client D. The man is worried about David’s ability 4. A. Watch the talk show on TV B. Watch the football match online C. Change the channel for the football match D. Record the football match for later watching 5. A. Sarah will go to John’s wedding next week B. John will look after Sarah’s cat for a few days C. Sarah needs to feed her cat twice a day D. John can’t take care of Sarah’s cat 6. A. The woman is happy with the man’s behavior B. The man took the woman’s tolerance for granted C. The man never wants to make the woman upset D. The woman will not forgive the man this time 7. A. Go to the gym with the woman B. Drive the woman to the dress shop C. Pick up the woman’s dress for her D. Alter the woman’s dress at the shop 8. A. Sara was polite to the restaurant waiter B. Josh thought Sara’s behavior was unpleasant C. The woman had dinner with Josh alone yesterday D. Sara shouted at the waiter for the wrong dish 9. A. The match will be held in Sydney next Friday B. The man will not play in the important match C. The Sydney match is put off for one day due to an emergency D. The woman has already known about the match’s change 10. A. The woman dislikes the apartment’s location B. The man is often woken up by the traffic at night C. The apartment is far from the woman’s office D. The woman is a light sleeper like the man Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. How a bird researcher developed his passion for birds B. The influence of light pollution on birds’ migration C. The preparation for a field study about urban birds D. The help from local birdwatchers in bird research 12. A. He read many animal science books at university B. A nature documentary made him fall in love with birds C. He chose ecology as his major when he entered university D. His family’s camping trips made him a bird researcher 13. A. Studying the effect of air pollution on bird migration B. Writing a report about birds’ daytime activity in cities C. Designing a field study on birds’ nighttime activity in cities D. Working with local birdwatchers to protect wild birds Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The travel tips for the village of Middleton B. The preparation for a tree-planting volunteer activity C. The development of tourism in Middleton village D. The introduction of the Green Partnership’s work 15. A. Volunteers need to have professional tree-planting experience B. Volunteers will be provided with lunch and evening meals C. Volunteers are advised to walk to the site for no parking D. Volunteers can find the site by following red arrow signs 16. A. Wear trainers for digging in the muddy site B. Bring extra clothes to change into after digging C. Wear light clothes because the site is very hot D. Buy gardening gloves by themselves for digging Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She is worried about not adapting to the new college B. She is the oldest student in her year at college C. She doesn’t like joining the college’s after-school activities D. She has no friends to live with in the dormitory 18. A. Join different age groups’ hobby groups B. Make the most of the college’s courses C. Contact the girls in the same dormitory in advance D. Take part in after-school activities to make friends 19. A. She has already met Hannah, Kelly and Bree B. She has got in touch with a dormitory roommate C. She is the only new student in the dormitory D. She will live with Mr. Lee on the college campus 20. A. He is Catherine’s dormitory roommate B. He helps Catherine solve her study problems C. He tells Catherine Bree is also a new transfer student D. He advises Catherine to live off the campus II. Grammar and Vocabulary (10’+10’) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. The ancient ritual of respecting teachers In ancient China, education was highly valued, and teachers enjoyed great respect in society. This respect was shown through a formal ceremony called the teacher-acceptance ritual, ____1____ merely a casual greeting, to mark the start of the teacher-student relationship. The ceremony was a serious expression of respect and a promise ____2____ (pursue) knowledge. Imagine the scene: a respected teacher, wearing a loose Confucian robe, sits quietly behind a wooden desk. On the desk is a portrait of Confucius, ____3____ famous thinker whose ideas formed the moral and educational base of Chinese society. The teacher looks wise and steady, acting ____4____ a guide for young learners. Before the desk kneels a young student in simple clothes, whose face shows a mix of nervousness and respect. The student carries out the traditional bowing ritual, first to the portrait of Confucius, ____5____ (stand) for respect for the values of learning and goodness. Next, the student bows to the teacher, recognizing that the teacher will guide them, ____6____ the path of learning is never easy. As part of the ritual, the student offers the six ritual gifts, each of ____7____ carries a special meaning about education and respect. These gifts include celery (芹菜) for hard work, lotus seeds (莲子) for a pure mind, red beans for honesty, dates (枣子) for early achievements, dried longan (龙眼) for wisdom, and dried meat as a symbol of health and long life. Every object tells a meaningful story and ____8____ (strengthen) the cultural bond between teachers and students. By presenting these, students expressed gratitude for their teachers’ guidance. It was also a way to wish teachers good health, for people knew clearly how important teachers ____9____ (be) in nurturing young people. Such gifts were not limited to this ceremony. Teachers might receive presents on major festivals. These gifts passed on the traditional idea that educators should be respected. The ritual and the custom of offering dried meat show _____10_____ ancient Chinese people honored their teachers. This tradition reminds us that respect for education has deep roots. In ancient times, learning was never only about gaining knowledge; it was also a moral journey led by tradition and mutual respect. 【答案】1. not 2. to pursue 3. a 4. as 5. standing 6. although##though 7. which 8. strengthens 9. were 10. how 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍中国古代拜师礼这一古老仪式，讲解仪式流程、六礼的寓意以及尊师重教的传统。 【1题详解】 考查否定词。句意：这份敬意通过一种名为拜师礼的正式仪式来体现，它并非随意的问候，用以标志师生关系的开启。根据后文merely a casual greeting以及句意，此处表示否定，所以填not。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这场仪式是敬意的郑重表达，也是一份追求知识的承诺。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词promise，固定搭配a promise to do sth.意为“做某事的承诺”，所以用动词不定式to pursue。 【3题详解】 考查冠词。句意：桌上摆放着一幅孔子画像，他是一位著名的思想家，其思想构成了中国社会道德与教育的根基。thinker为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，结合句意，此处表示“一位著名的思想家”，为泛指，且famous是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：这位老师看上去睿智沉稳，充当年轻求学者的引路人。此处为固定搭配act as，意为“充当、担任”，所以此处为介词as。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：学生行传统的跪拜礼，首先向孔子画像行礼，代表对求学与向善准则的敬重。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，stand for与逻辑主语前面整个行礼这件事之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词standing。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：接着学生向老师鞠躬，明白老师将会指引自己，尽管求学之路从来都并不轻松。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，所以填although/though。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：作为仪式的一部分，学生献上六样礼，每一样都承载着有关教育与敬重的特殊含义。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the six ritual gifts，指物，所以用关系代词which。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：每一件物品都诉说着一个富有深意的故事，并且巩固师生之间的文化纽带。此处为谓语动词，主语Every object是单数，全文使用一般现在时，所以谓语动词用strengthens，意为“巩固，加强”。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这也是祝愿老师身体健康的一种方式，因为人们清楚地知道，老师在培育年轻人这件事上有多么重要。此处为谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，从句时态保持一致，主语teachers是复数，所以用were。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这套仪式以及献肉干的习俗展现出古代中国人是如何敬重他们的老师。此处为连接词引导宾语从句，从句成分完整，此处侧重方式，表示“如何”，所以用连接副词how。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. cognitive B. delay C. profound D. navigate E. retain F. enhance G. multilingual H. equipped I. flexibility J. acquire K. decline The ability to speak multiple languages has long been valued for its practical benefits in travel and career. However, recent neuroscience research suggests that the advantages of bilingualism and multilingualism extend far deeper than convenience — they fundamentally reshape the brain in ways that ____11____ cognitive performance across the entire lifespan. One of the most remarkable findings is that ____12____ individuals show a significant delay in the onset of dementia symptoms. A landmark study involving 684 participants found that those who spoke four or more languages developed Alzheimer's disease an average of five years later than monolinguals. This protective effect suggests that managing multiple language systems creates a ____13____reserve that keeps the brain resilient even as it ages. The mechanism behind this advantage is believed to be the constant mental ____14____ required to switch between languages. Every time a multilingual speaker chooses the correct word in the right language while suppressing alternatives, they exercise the brain's executive control system. Over decades, this daily workout strengthens neural connections and builds ____15____cognitive reserves that protect the brain from age-related decline. Children raised in bilingual households also demonstrate measurable advantages. They tend to outperform monolingual peers on tasks that require attention control and mental switching — abilities that are essential for academic success. By the time they reach school age, these children are better ____16____ to filter out distractions and focus on what matters. Critics sometimes argue that learning multiple languages may confuse children and ____17____ their language development. However, decades of research have thoroughly disproven this concern. In reality, bilingual children typically ____18____ vocabulary at the same rate as their monolingual peers, and any slight differences in vocabulary size within each individual language are far outweighed by the cognitive advantages that bilingual children ____19____ throughout their lives. As globalization continues to bring cultures into closer contact, the case for multilingual education grows stronger. In an interconnected world, the ability to ____20____ between languages and cultural perspectives is not just an academic advantage — it is an essential skill for global citizenship. 【答案】11. F 12. G 13. A 14. I 15. C 16. H 17. B 18. J 19. E 20. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了掌握多种语言不只是便于出行工作，还能重塑大脑、延缓老年痴呆，提升专注力。多语学习不会阻碍儿童语言发展，是重要的全球化素养。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，最近的神经科学研究表明，双语和多语能力的优势远不止于便利性——它们从根本上重塑大脑结构，从而在人的一生中全面提升认知表现。根据“cognitive performance across the entire lifespan”以及句意“提升”可知应填动词enhance，先行词为ways，谓语用原形。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最引人注目的发现之一是，多语言者在出现痴呆症状方面有显著的延迟。根据“the advantages of bilingualism and multilingualism extend far deeper than convenience”以及句意“多语言”可知应填形容词multilingual，修饰名词individuals作定语。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种保护作用表明，掌握多种语言系统能够建立一种认知储备，使大脑在衰老过程中仍保持韧性。根据“that keeps the brain resilient even as it ages”以及句意“认知”可知应填形容词cognitive，修饰名词reserve作定语。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种优势背后的机制被认为是在不同语言之间切换所需的持续性思维灵活性性。根据“required to switch between languages”以及句意“灵活性”可知应填名词flexibility，作表语。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：几十年来，这种日常锻炼能够增强神经连接，并积累深厚的认知储备，从而保护大脑免受年龄相关衰退的影响。根据“cognitive reserves that protect the brain from age-related decline”以及句意“深厚的”可知应填形容词profound，修饰名词reserves。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：到他们进入学龄阶段时，这些孩子已经具备了更好地过滤干扰并专注于重要事物的能力。根据“to filter out distractions and focus on what matters”以及句意“具备”可知应填equipped，作表语。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：批评者有时认为，学习多种语言可能会使儿童感到困惑，并延缓他们的语言发展。根据“learning multiple languages may confuse children”以及句意“延缓”可知应填动词delay，且may后跟动词原形。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：实际上，双语儿童通常与单语同龄人以相同的速度掌握词汇量，而每种语言之间词汇量的微小差异，远远被双语儿童一生中所保留的认知优势所抵消。根据“vocabulary at the same rate as their monolingual peers”以及句意“掌握”可知应填动词acquire，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为children，谓语用原形。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：实际上，双语儿童通常与单语同龄人以相同的速度掌握词汇量，而每种语言之间词汇量的微小差异，远远被双语儿童一生中所保留的认知优势所抵消。根据“the cognitive advantages that bilingual children”以及句意“保留”可知应填动词retain，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为children，谓语用原形。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：在一个互联互通的世界中，掌握语言和文化视角之间的转换能力，不仅是一种学术优势，更是全球公民所必需的关键技能。根据“between languages and cultural perspectives”以及句意“自如切换”可知应填动词navigate，此处为不定式作定语修饰名词ability。 III. Reading Comprehension (15’+22’+8’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The word ‘habits’ gets thrown around a lot.Your doctor encourages you to get into the ‘good habit’ of eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day; your friend ____21____ their ‘bad habit’ of checking social media before bed; maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel ____22____,. But according to psychologists, not everything you do, or want to do, frequently or regularly, is ____23____ a habit. Some of the situations above are more about goals (what you hope to achieve at some point in the future), ____24____ (your plans for what you’re going to do) and skills (such as being able to hit musical notes consistently), than about habits. ____25____, routines — such as going to the gym regularly — have the ____26____ to become a habit, but it’s not for sure that they will. So, what exactly is a habit? And what does it take to make one that’s ‘good’ or ____27____ one that’s ‘bad’? One key feature of habits is that once something is what you do by habit, you do it without thinking. Building on that idea, psychologists today say that what makes a habit a habit is that it’s a behaviour that’s started ____28____ by specific cues (提示) in the environment. The pairing between the cue and the action might have begun as ____29____ — that is, done to serve a particular goal or because it’s rewarding, but over time, the association is ____30____ and now it plays out without thought even if the behaviour is no longer pleasurable or desirable. This process of a behaviour in a particular situation starting out as willful but then becoming increasingly automatic through ____31____, has been shown at the level of brain activity. When a behaviour turns into a habit, the brain relies less on goal-directed systems and more on those driving ____32____ action. Or, to put it another way, the decision-making process you once had to ____33____ to perform the behaviour has been bypassed. But what really makes habits so interesting to psychologists and other health professionals is the way they can ____34____ our behaviour for better and worse. The healthy or unhealthy habits you may have can have an outsized influence on the kind of lifestyle you lead, and on your ability to fulfil your longer-tern goals. So, if you’ve formed a number of unhealthy habits, the long-term ____35____ impact could be significant. 21. A. worries about B. takes pride in C. benefits from D. depends on 22. A. exhausting B. worrying C. habitual D. imperfect 23. A. reversely B. alternatively C. necessarily D. academically 24. A. calendars B. intentions C. preferences D. actions 25. A. Still B. Consequently C. Instead D. Therefore 26. A. right B. limit C. advantage D. potential 27. A. define B. break C. form D. have 28. A. barely B. thoroughly C. early D. automatically 29. A. purposeful B. mindless C. temporary D. accidental 30. A. confirmed B. strengthened C. discovered D. approved 31. A. repetition B. struggle C. practice D. selection 32. A. decisive B. positive C. instinctive D. unlawful 33. A. come back B. settle down C. take over D. go through 34. A. control B. change C. interpret D. observe 35. A. indirect B. emotional C. unexpected D. harmful 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了心理学家对习惯的定义、形成过程及其对人们行为的影响。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你的朋友担心他们睡前刷社交媒体的“坏习惯”。A. worries about担心；B. takes pride in以……为傲；C. benefits from从……中受益；D. depends on依赖。根据后文“their ‘bad habit’ of checking social media before bed”可知，此处应是对坏习惯的负面态度，“担心”符合逻辑。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许你曾经有一位音乐老师一直督促你练习手指练习，直到它们“感觉习惯为止”。A. exhausting令人疲惫的；B. worrying令人担心的；C. habitual习惯的；D. imperfect不完美的。根据上文“maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel ”和下文“not everything you do, or want to do, frequently or regularly, is ____ a habit”可知，并非你经常或定期做的、或想做的每一件事都必然是一种习惯，本文谈论的是“习惯”。老师督促练习的目的是让动作成为习惯，此处指练习到感觉习惯为止。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但根据心理学家的说法，并不是你经常或定期做的，或想要做的每一件事都一定是习惯。A. reversely相反地；B. alternatively或者；C. necessarily必要地，一定地；D. academically学术上。根据后文“Some of the situations above are more about goals”可知，并不是你经常做或想要做的每一件事都一定是习惯，有些更像是目标。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：上面的有些情况更多的是关于目标（你希望在未来某个时刻实现的目标）、意图（你打算做什么的计划）和技能（比如能够持续地击中音符），而不是关于习惯。A. calendars日历；B. intentions意图；C. preferences偏爱；D. actions行动。根据后文“your plans for what you’re going to do”可知，此处指做某事的计划，即意图。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，像定期去健身房这样的日常活动有成为习惯的潜力，但也不能确定它们一定会。A. Still尽管如此；B. Consequently因此；C. Instead相反；D. Therefore因此。上文“But according to psychologists, not everything you do, or want to do, frequently or regularly, is ____ a habit. Some of the situations above are more about goals”提到有些情况不是关于习惯，后文提到“have the ____ to become a habit”日常活动有成为习惯的潜力，前后为转折关系，应用Still。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，像定期去健身房这样的日常活动有成为习惯的潜力，但也不能确定它们一定会。A. right权利；B. limit限制；C. advantage优势；D. potential潜力。根据后文“to become a habit, but it’s not for sure that they will”可知，日常活动有成为习惯的潜力，但也不一定。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要养成一个“好”习惯或改掉一个“坏”习惯需要什么呢？A. define定义；B. break打破；C. form形成；D. have拥有。根据前文“what does it take to make one that’s ‘good’ or”和后文“one that’s ‘bad’”可知，与养成好习惯对比，此处指改掉坏习惯。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：基于这一观点，如今的心理学家表示，习惯之所以成为习惯，是因为它是一种由环境中的特定提示自动引发的行为。A. barely几乎不；B. thoroughly彻底地；C. early早地；D. automatically自动地。根据前文“One key feature of habits is that once something is what you do by habit, you do it without thinking”提到习惯是无需思考就做的可知，习惯的核心是“自动性”，无需刻意思考，此处指它是一种由环境中的特定提示自动引发的行为。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：提示和行动之间的配对可能一开始是有目的的——也就是说，是为了服务于一个特定的目标或因为它是有回报的，但随着时间的推移，这种关联会加强，现在即使行为不再令人愉快或可取，它也会不假思索地发生。A. purposeful有目的的；B. mindless没头脑的；C. temporary暂时的；D. accidental偶然的。根据后文“that is, done to serve a particular goal or because it’s rewarding”可知，为了达到某个特定目标，所以起初的行为是“有目的的”。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：提示和行动之间的配对可能一开始是有目的的——也就是说，是为了服务于一个特定的目标或因为它是有回报的，但随着时间的推移，这种关联会加强，现在即使行为不再令人愉快或可取，它也会不假思索地发生。A. confirmed确认；B. strengthened加强；C. discovered发现；D. approved批准。根据后文“now it plays out without thought even if the behaviour is no longer pleasurable or desirable”可知，现在即使行为不再令人愉快或可取，它也会不假思索地发生，所以随着时间的推移，这种关联会加强。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在特定情况下，一种行为从有意为之到逐渐变得自动化的过程，通过重复已经在大脑活动水平上得到了证明。A. repetition重复；B. struggle挣扎；C. practice练习；D. selection选择。根据上文“you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel”、“This process of a behaviour in a particular situation starting out as willful but then becoming increasingly automatic through”以及常识可知，行为从有意为之到逐渐变得自动化需要通过重复。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一种行为变成习惯时，大脑较少依赖目标导向系统，而更多地依赖驱动本能行为的系统。A. decisive决定性的；B. positive积极的；C. instinctive本能的；D. unlawful非法的。根据上文“One key feature of habits is that once something is what you do by habit, you do it without thinking”、“the brain relies less on goal-directed systems and more on those driving”以及习惯的特点可知，习惯是一种本能的行为，所以大脑会更多地依赖驱动本能行为的系统，不假思索。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，你曾经为了执行这种行为而必须经历的决策过程已经被绕过了。A. come back回来；B. settle down定居；C. take over接管；D. go through经历。根据后文“to perform the behaviour has been bypassed”可知，此处指“经历”决策的过程，即必须经历的决策过程已经被绕过了。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但真正让心理学家和其他健康专家对习惯感兴趣的是，它们能够控制我们的行为，无论是好是坏。A. control控制；B. change改变；C. interpret解释；D. observe观察。根据后文“our behaviour for better and worse”可知，习惯对行为的影响是“控制”性的，而非单纯“改变”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果你养成了许多不健康的习惯，长期的有害影响可能是显著的。A. indirect间接的；B. emotional情绪的；C. unexpected意外的；D. harmful有害的。根据上文“if you’ve formed a number of unhealthy habits”可知，不健康的习惯会产生有害的影响。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents. Around the same time, they sold their house and we decided to build them a bungalow (平房) in our garden. We moved them in with us until the build was complete. Packing up my parents’ house felt like a massive goodbye — that bedroom, those memories, the feeling of safety and shelter I always felt there. That evening, I sat in the living room watching TV, temporarily free of my own responsibilities, lost in nostalgia (留恋). Even though I’m a grown woman in my 40s with my own family, it felt scary not to have “home” to go back to. On our final morning in the house, we took a break from the mind-bending, never-ending work of packing to sit down for that last breakfast. Mum voiced what we were all thinking: It was strange to see the place so empty. I worried that they’d begin to think they’d made a mistake. “How do you feel?” I asked. There was a silence as Dad continued to drink his tea, and I held my breath. “Well, it’s pretty awesome, isn’t it?” he replied. I breathed a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. His response had an impact on me. Yes, it was a huge goodbye in so many ways, but it was also the start of something new — an adventure in multigenerational living. I realised this wasn’t about loss at all, but about movement and trust. Hearing Dad’s cheerfulness, I realised that what I’d been seeing as “the end of an era” was actually the start of a new one. Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. 36. After they had twins, the author and her husband decided to ________. A. visit her parents B. move back to Yorkshire C. rent a house for the family D. raise their children in London 37. During the breakfast, the author worried that ________. A. she might lose her shelter in the future B. there would be too much work in packing C. her parents might regret selling their house D. it would be hard to live a multigenerational life 38. How did the author feel after hearing her dad’s response? A. Uplifted. B. Puzzled. C. Concerned. D. Honoured. 39. What does the story mainly tell us? A. Silence is the best cure for nostalgia. B. Distance makes the heart grow fonder. C. Optimism lights the path for tomorrow. D. Parenting sets the pace of a child’s growth. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者一家搬回约克郡，打算为父母建平房。收拾老宅时她满心不舍，担心父母后悔搬家。父亲乐观的话点醒她，离别不是结束，而是多代同住新生活的开始。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents. (我们生下双胞胎后，家庭变成了五口之家，我和丈夫决定从伦敦搬回约克郡，以便更靠近父母。)”可知，生完双胞胎后，作者和她的丈夫决定搬回约克郡。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mum voiced what we were all thinking: It was strange to see the place so empty. I worried that they’d begin to think they’d made a mistake. (妈妈表达了我们所有人的心声：看到这个地方如此空旷，感觉很奇怪。我担心他们会开始以为自己犯了错。)”可知，早餐时，作者担心她的父母可能会后悔卖掉房子。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I breathed a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. (我如释重负地长舒了一口气：我原以为会是悲伤，甚至是怀疑，但爸爸已经在展望未来了。)”以及最后一段中“Yes, it was a huge goodbye in so many ways, but it was also the start of something new an adventure in multigenerational living. (是的，这在很多方面都是一次巨大的告别，但也意味着新的开始——一种跨代际共同生活的冒险。)”和“Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. (坐在餐桌旁，做着我的迷你三明治，我终于明白，我已经准备好迎接我们下一章的人生了。)”可推知，作者听到父亲的回应后感到振奋和备受鼓舞。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Hearing Dad’s cheerfulness, I realised that what I’d been seeing as “the end of an era” was actually the start. of a new one. Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. (听到爸爸的乐观，我才明白，我曾认为“一个时代的终结”，其实正是另一个新时代的开端。坐在餐桌旁，做着我的迷你三明治，我终于明白，我已经准备好迎接我们下一章的人生了。)”可知，文章讲述作者原本因搬离老宅、告别过去而伤感惆怅，父亲乐观积极的态度点醒了她，让她明白告别旧生活不是结束，而是新篇章的起点。核心主旨是乐观的心态能照亮未来的道路。 (B) Volunteers Wanted ·Age 18 — 50 ·Duration: 1 — 12 weeks ·You’ll get airport pickup, accommodation with breakfast, free-time activities About the Programme UPCYCLING is a programme that intends to reduce waste. By reimagining items that might otherwise end up in landfills (垃圾场), UPCYCLING not only helps conserve natural resources but also encourages innovation and environmental awareness. We welcome volunteers to help transform reclaimed materials into objects with new and creative purposes. What to Expect Furniture Restoration: take an active role in transforming reclaimed furniture and materials into useful items, giving them a new life; Creative Workshops: learn basic repairs and artistic redesign of old furniture, while sharing knowledge and ideas with fellow volunteers, Social & Environmental Action: help address social and environmental challenges through creativity and cooperation. Community Services: support communities by providing upcycled goods to those in need and help promote projects through social platforms to widen outreach. A Typical Day You will work on a morning, afternoon or evening shift at your project site for 3 to 5 hours per day, Monday to Friday. Schedule 8:00 — 10:00 a.m. Breakfast at the hotel 10:00 a.m. Work at the project sites, or enjoy your free time Free-time Activities In your free time, you can explore the city, have language classes, surf or choose your favourite from among the following. Riding Hiking Swimming Water Sports Concert Museum 40. The programme aims to ________ A. create new materials B. cut down on waste C. set up social platforms D. promote language learning 41. The programme provides certain community members with ________. A. free-time activities B. upcycled goods C. hotel services D. airport pickups 42. What can volunteers do? A. Schedule the projects. B. Organise creative workshops. C. Design art classes. D. Participate in water sports. 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】文章是一则升级再造项目志愿者招募启事。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据About the Programme部分“UPCYCLING is a programme that intends to reduce waste.(UPCYCLING是一个旨在减少垃圾的项目)”可知，该项目的目标是减少浪费。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据What to Expect部分“Community Services: support communities by providing upcycled goods to those in need and help promote projects through social platforms to widen outreach.(社区服务：通过向有需要的人提供升级改造物品来支持社区，并通过社交平台推广项目扩大影响力)”可知，项目会给有需要的社区成员提供升级改造物品。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Free-time Activities部分“Water Sports(水上运动)”可知，志愿者可以参加水上运动。 C Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 43. The author mentions snow in order to . A. illustrate a point B. contrast approaches C. classify objects D. define a concept 44. The word “desensitised” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to . A. more sensitive B. less responsive C. easily attracted D. strongly opposed 45. What can we learn from this passage? A. Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B. Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C. Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D. Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 46. What is implied in this passage? A. Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B. Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C. Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D. Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. D 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了气候变化正在改变全球的气味景观，气味的消失不仅关乎生态，还会带来文化层面的损失。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. (无论我们是否留意世间的“气味景观”，高温与污染都正在使其发生改变。)”以及第三段“That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. (这种影响不止存在于森林之中。受气候变暖威胁的雪，随着气温升高会吸收大气里不同的化学物质，它清冷洁净的气味也随之改变。)”可知，作者举雪的例子是为了佐证前面“气温升高会改变气味景观”这一观点。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. (历经数代人，当地社群对越来越难闻的河水变得____，这正是大范围生态系统退化的信号。)”、高中生熟悉的词“sensitive (敏感的)”以及前缀de-表否定可知，此处是指随着河水气味越来越难闻，长久下来当地人对这种气味的感受变弱、不再敏感，desensitised与“less responsive (反应更弱的)”含义接近。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. (一些气味和文化遗产息息相关。)”以及最后一段“Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. (尽管气候变化威胁着粮食获取等宝贵事物，但其中也包含文化身份、文化存续与历史的要素。)”可知，地球上气味的消失会造成文化层面的损失。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. (随着气温升高，人造物质会释放更多气味分子，气候变化带来的生物多样性丧失，威胁着为环境赋予香气的植物。)”以及第三段“That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. (这种影响不止存在于森林之中。受气候变暖威胁的雪，随着气温升高会吸收大气里不同的化学物质，它清冷洁净的气味也随之改变。)”可知，森林、雪的气味变化，根本原因都是气温上升、气候变暖，二者有着共同的根本诱因。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Deadly Heat Domes Still Confuse Forecasters Last month, record-high temperatures swept across the eastern US, leading to power emergencies. The cause was a huge high-pressure zone known as a heat dome. This summer, it also hit Europe and China, leading to the temporary closure of the Eiffel Tower and worries about dying rice crops. ____47____ “Unlike larger-scale patterns such as El Niño, which can be forecast months in advance,” said Scott Handel, lead forecaster at the US Climate Prediction Center. “Heat domes have a much shorter lead time and are more complex.” Zach Zobel, a scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center, said “heat dome” is a term to describe dangerous heat waves for the public. It happens when a large high-pressure system sits over an area, heating it with still air and unstopping sunlight. ____48____ Heat domes cause huge harm including wildfires, droughts, stressed crops, higher electricity demand and prices. They even cut airliners’ transport capacity and damage railroad tracks. The US EPA said over 14,000 Americans died directly from heat-related causes between 1979 and 2022. Climate change is making heat domes more common and stronger. The Arctic is warming faster than other parts of the world, which weakens the jet stream — a strong wind that keeps weather moving. ____49____ Although scientists are still studying how this works, it is clear that better forecasts and earlier warnings are needed to protect people and reduce damage. ____50____ Measuring how fast the jet stream moves can be a predictor. When the speed is low, it can be an indicator of widespread heat domes. Weather forecasters also rely on measures like soil moisture (湿度) since drier land means higher temperatures, which is direct evidence for heat domes. “The weather event that kills more than anybody else on the planet is heat,” Zobel said, “It is silently a big human impact, making the need for more accurate forecasts with longer lead times all the more important.” A. This traps more heat and makes the high pressure stronger. B. The result: heat domes can’t be driven away and thus stay longer over certain areas. C. However, predicting heat domes remains a significant challenge. D. Now, scientists are opening their toolboxes to try and figure out where and when heat domes will strike. E. To make things worse, forecasting heat domes is hard — a big worry as the world gets warmer. F. That influences heat domes in two ways. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. B 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍热穹顶引发多国高温灾害，指出其预报难度大、成因与气候变化相关，科学家正探索通过监测急流等方法提升预报准确性。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Last month, record-high temperatures swept across the eastern US, leading to power emergencies. The cause was a huge high-pressure zone known as a heat dome. This summer, it also hit Europe and China, leading to the temporary closure of the Eiffel Tower and worries about dying rice crops.(上个月，美国东部地区遭遇了创纪录的高温天气，引发了电力供应危机。其原因是一个被称为“热穹顶”的巨大高压气团。今年夏天，这一现象还出现在欧洲和中国，导致埃菲尔铁塔暂时关闭，并引发了人们对水稻歉收的担忧)”可知，前文列举了热穹顶在美、欧、中造成的灾害（美国电力紧急、埃菲尔铁塔临时关闭、水稻作物受威胁），后文转而论述热穹顶预报的难度。E选项“更糟的是，热穹顶的预报难度很大 —— 在全球变暖的背景下，这是一大隐患”起到承上启下的作用，既衔接前文的灾害影响，又引出后文对预报难题的讨论，符合段落逻辑。故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Zach Zobel, a scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center, said “heat dome” is a term to describe dangerous heat waves for the public. It happens when a large high - pressure system sits over an area, heating it with still air and unstopping sunlight.(伍德维尔气候研究中心的科学家扎克·佐贝尔表示，“热穹顶”这一术语用于向公众描述危险的热浪现象。当一个大型高压系统笼罩在一个区域上时，就会形成“热穹顶”，这种情况下，静止的空气和持续的阳光会使该区域升温)”可知，前文解释了热穹顶的形成原理（大型高压系统盘踞某地，静风与持续日照导致升温），A选项“这会困住更多热量，让高压系统变得更强”是对形成过程的递进说明，进一步阐释高压系统如何强化、热穹顶如何持续发展，且与后文热穹顶的多重危害形成因果衔接。故选A。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Climate change is making heat domes more common and stronger. The Arctic is warming faster than other parts of the world, which weakens the jet stream — a strong wind that keeps weather moving.(气候变化使得热穹顶现象愈发常见且愈发强烈。北极地区的气温上升速度比世界其他地区更快，这导致了高空急流（一种维持天气流动的强风）的减弱)”可知，前文提到北极变暖削弱了急流（维持天气系统移动的强风），B选项“结果就是：热穹顶无法被驱散，因此会在特定区域停留更长时间”是急流减弱带来的直接后果，既呼应前文的气象机制，又为后文“需加强预报预警”的结论铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选B。 【50题详解】 根据后文“Measuring how fast the jet stream moves can be a predictor. When the speed is low, it can be an indicator of widespread heat domes. Weather forecasters also rely on measures like soil moisture (湿度) since drier land means higher temperatures, which is direct evidence for heat domes.(测量急流的移动速度可以作为一种预测指标。当速度较慢时，这可能表明存在大面积的热穹顶现象。气象预报员还会依据诸如土壤湿度等指标来进行预测，因为干燥的土壤意味着温度升高，这是热穹顶存在的直接证据)”可知，后文具体介绍了预报热穹顶的两种方法（测量急流速度、监测土壤湿度），D选项“如今，科学家们正拿出各种手段，试图预判热穹顶会在何时何地出现”是对后文内容的总起，明确段落核心是科学家的预报探索，起到引领下文的作用。故选D。 IV. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasant way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people bail it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of Oates’ studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Reading Fiction is joyful and beneficial to our lives.（有好处；1分）We can be led to where we can’t go in real life, and introduced to different people.（不同的地方和人；1分）Oates finds that fiction reading enables us to better identify characters（认同角色；1分）, thus changing our personalities（改变性格-细节一1分）.This understanding interprets others’ mind and feelings（更能解析别人的情感；1分）, becoming more socially knowledgeable in reality（使人更博学或更理解周围人-细节二1分）.（共57词） 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了阅读小说带来的乐趣以及对生活的益处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. ②One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. ③Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. ④Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. ⑤The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. ⑥This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. 2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行总结，作为总起句，将2、3两个要点进行整合，将4、5、6三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Reading Fiction is joyful and beneficial to our lives. We can be led to the place where we can’t go in real life, and introduced to different people. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We can be led to where we can’t go in real life, and introduced to different people.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中where引导宾语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Oates finds that fiction reading enables us to better identify characters, thus changing our personalities.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、不定式to better作宾补和现在分词changing作状语，表达非常高级。 V. Translation (4’+5’+5’+6’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 那些长期承受巨大压力的人更容易失眠。（suffer）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 People who have been suffering from great pressure for a long time are more likely to suffer from insomnia. 【解析】 【详解】“那些人”为People；“长期承受巨大压力的”处理成who引导的定语从句；“承受巨大压力”为suffer from great pressure；“长期”为for a long time；从句强调动作从过去开始持续到现在并将持续下去，用现在完成进行时have been suffering from；“更容易做某事”表达为be more likely to do sth；“失眠”为suffer from insomnia；主句陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。 53. 只要严格按照科学家设计的方案开展实验，我们就能收集到可靠的数据。(conduct) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As long as we conduct experiments strictly according to the plan designed by scientists, we can collect reliable data. 【解析】 【详解】表示“只要”用as long as引导条件状语从句；表示“我们”用we，作从句主语；表示“开展实验”短语为conduct experiments；表示“严格按照”短语为strictly according to；表示“方案”名词为plan；表示“科学家设计的”用过去分词短语designed by scientists，作后置定语；表示“我们”用we，作主句主语；表示“能”情态动词为can；表示“收集”动词为collect；表示“可靠的数据”短语为reliable data，作宾语，其中reliable是形容词作定语。 54. 如果你能按照自己的节奏坚持追寻目标，这份可贵的美德终将为你带来令人瞩目的成就。（persist）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you can persist in pursuing your goals at your own pace, this precious virtue will eventually bring you remarkable achievements. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是对未来情况的假设，从句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时；表示“如果你能按照自己的节奏坚持追寻目标”作条件状语从句，其中“如果”为If，“能”为can，“坚持”为persist，“追寻”为pursue，persist后接动词时需用persist in doing sth.结构，“目标”为your goals，“按照自己的节奏”为at your own pace，所以从句译为If you can persist in pursuing your goals at your own pace；表示“这份可贵的美德终将为你带来令人瞩目的成就”为主句，其中“这份可贵的美德”为this precious virtue，作主语，“终将带来”为will eventually bring，“为你”为you，作间接宾语，“令人瞩目的成就”为remarkable achievements作直接宾语，所以主句译为this precious virtue will eventually bring you remarkable achievements。 55. 我们所在的社区发起了一场保护野生动物的宣传活动，呼吁居民减少塑料垃圾；聚沙成塔，人类便能在生态保护方面有所作为。（difference）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The community we live in has launched a publicity campaign for wildlife protection, calling on residents to reduce plastic waste. When small efforts add up, humans can make a difference to ecological protection. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句前半部分描述的是已经发生并产生影响的动作，使用现在完成时；后半部分阐述普遍道理，使用一般现在时；表示“我们所在的社区”作主语，其中“社区”为the community，位于句首单词首字母需大写，“我们所在的”为we live in，作定语从句修饰community，从句中缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词，且可以省略，所以主语部分译为The community we live in；表示“发起了一场保护野生动物的宣传活动”为谓语及宾语部分，其中“发起”为has launched，“一场……宣传活动”为a publicity campaign，“保护野生动物的”为for wildlife protection，作后置定语，所以该部分译为has launched a publicity campaign for wildlife protection；表示“呼吁居民减少塑料垃圾”作伴随状语，其中“呼吁”为call on，与逻辑主语为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式，“居民”为residents作宾语，“减少”为to reduce，作宾补，“塑料垃圾”为plastic waste，作reduce的宾语，所以状语部分译为calling on residents to reduce plastic waste；表示“聚沙成塔，人类便能在生态保护方面有所作为”为独立分句，其中“聚沙成塔”意译为when small efforts add up，引导时间，位于句首单词首字母需大写，“人类”为humans，“能”为can，“在……方面有所作为”为make a difference to，“生态保护”为ecological protection，所以该句译为When small efforts add up, humans can make a difference to ecological protection。 VI. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Direction: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instruction given below in Chinese. 你的同班同学李明最近和你聊天，他明白好习惯对学习很重要，也想改掉拖延、容易分心的毛病，但不知道该如何着手养成一个稳定的学习习惯，常常尝试几天就放弃了。请你给他写一封信，内容包括： 1. 简单说明起步养成习惯的关键； 2. 给出两条切实可行的建议，帮他迈出第一步； 3. 表达鼓励。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Li Ming, I’m glad that you have realized the value of good study habits and are eager to shake off procrastination and distraction. It is common that you give up after several attempts, so don’t blame yourself too much. The key to building a lasting habit is consistency instead of great efforts at one time. Here are two practical tips for you. To begin with, you can take up a tiny daily task, like reading one passage for twenty minutes every day. Simple tasks are less challenging and easier to keep doing. Besides, create a distraction-free learning environment. Keep your mobile phone out of your sight when studying, which helps you focus better. Habit formation is a long journey rather than a race. If you stick to small steps, you will surely make progress. I’m convinced that you can finally develop stable study habits. 【解析】 【导语】短文要求考生给同学李明写信，点明养成学习习惯起步的关键，提供两条可行建议并送上鼓励。 【详解】1.词汇积累 渴望：be eager to→long for 集中精力于：focus→concentrate 高兴的：glad→delighted 切实可行的：practical→workable 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The key to building a lasting habit is consistency instead of great efforts at one time. 拓展句：What lies at the heart of developing a lasting habit is that you should keep consistent rather than make huge efforts all at once. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If you stick to small steps, you will surely make progress.（运用if引导的条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】What lies at the heart of developing a lasting habit is that you should keep consistent rather than make huge efforts all at once.（运用what引导主语从句、that引导表语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $