上海市上海中学东校2026-2027学年高三上学期英语10月月考

2026.10 (满分：115分 时间：105分钟) 题号 (一) (二) (三) (四) (五) 总分 得分 I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits r each blank. 【人与自我-做人与做事】 The Age of Envy One night about five years ago,just before bed,I saw a tweet from a friend announcing that he was extremely delighted to have been awarded a journalism prize. 请 I felt my head spin and my teeth hurt(1)_I had been punched in the face.I 不 didn't sleep well that night. 要 Admittedly,we live in the age of envy.Career envy,children envy,holiday envy. 投 You name it.Human beings have always felt(2)Aristotle defined in the fourth 装 century BC as pain at the sight of another's good fortune.But with the arrival of 订 social media,envy(3)_(take)to extremes day by day.We are constantly exposed 1 线 to others'photoshopped lives on social media platforms,and that exerts a negative 内 influence on us,the likes of(4)we have never experienced in the history of our 答 species.And it is not particularly pleasant. 题 "Our use of platforms including Facebook,Twitter and Instagram enlarges this deeply disturbing psychological problem,"says Rachel Andrew,a clinical psychologist. "I think what social media has done is to make everyone accessible to comparison," she explains. And those comparisons are now much (5)(realistic),Andrew continues: "We all know that images can be filtered,and that people are just presenting the very best side of their lives."She has also observed(6)her patients that knowing they are looking at (7)(edit)versions of reality is no defense against the emotional force of envy."What I notice is that most of us can intellectualize what we see on social media platforms,(8)on an emotional level,it's still pushing 靠 buttons.If those images tap (9)what we aspire to but don't have,then it becomes very powerful." No man and no woman(10)_(be)immune to envy,according to Andrew, whether it's a young lady following certain accounts to find makeup techniques or an old businessman looking for strategies on social media sites.Perhaps in part it is because we don't know how to answer the question:"What would be good enough?"That is something that needs studying. 第1页/共11页 Section B Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.set B.weighs C.dishing D.fabric E.fleeting F.empathy G.whispers H.grace I.presses J.part K.towering 【人与自我-优秀品行、正确的人生态度】 A Farewell Reflection As we(11)_ ways at the close of this course,I feel compelled to share with you some thoughts that linger in my heart,not as a teacher(12)out advice from above,but as a fellow traveler who,like you,is navigating the complexities of this ever-shifting world. In this era shaped by the unstoppable advance of artificial intelligence,the world grows more intricate and elusive with each passing day.It is hard to say whether these new technologies have truly brought hope or simply cast new shadows.What I witness, more often,is a social landscape where the gap between privilege and hardship becomes ever wider,and where the boundary between the so-called "successful" and the ordinary becomes sharper,more unforgiving. What (13)_on me most is this:the realization of self-worth and the unfolding of one's destiny seem ever more bound to the lottery of birth and the whims of fate.Though personal effort does matter,its influence often feels feeble( in the face of the (14)barriers of social mobility.For those who come from humble beginnings,success sometimes depends less on perseverance and more on the unpredictable(15)_of fortune,rather than the neat logic of effort and reward so often preached()by society.Before the dice rolls of fate,our striving can seem almost fragile,even ironic. So,I will not offer you the usual blessings of a bright future or soaring success,for I know too well that words-mine or anyone's-are but(16)before the vast roulette (of destiny.Instead,I sincerely hope that as you(17)_forth on your own unique journeys,you will learn to truly honor yourselves,to cherish the gift of your own life,and to hold close those you love.Along this solitary road,may you gather experiences rich in color and meaning,for it is these moments that give life its depth.Whether you claim worldly success or not will never alter the true(18) of your being;laurel wreaths and(19)glory are nothing next to a soul that is whole and bright. I hope you will not let the pursuit of resources erode your inner self.May you never sacrifice your integrity for the sake of a shortcut.And as you approach the borders of your dreams,may you hold fast to the rare(20)_forged by hardship, even if you find yourself,for a time,in fortune's favour. Above all,I hope you will learn to become light:to shine gently for yourself when your glow is faint,and when you burn bright,to offer warmth to others without reservation.May your journey ahead be filled with meaning,dignity,and the quiet 第2页/共11页 courage to be true to yourself. ll.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【人与社会-科学与技术】 Will It Work for His Successor? Sometimes a company reflects the spirit of its time.Ford's Model T(21). the go-getting mood of the Roaring Twenties;IBM embodied the tech optimism of the computer age;and in recent years,Apple has stood as the(22)_brand of our era. Its iPhone,a sleek gateway to the app economy,has become as iconic as big hair was to the 1980s,while its(23)of globalization-especially its focus on China as a manufacturing and sales hub-has(24)its success.This focus on China has not only made the country a key production base but also a major market,with Apple's revenue from China growing exponentially under Tim Cook's leadership,accounting for more than 12%of its total revenue by 2013. For the past 15 years,Apple has been led by Tim Cook.Though Steve Jobs (25)up the iPhone,it was Mr.Cook who turned it into a global phenomenon, putting the device into 1.5 billion pockets and making the Apple logo a familiar (26)_from San Francisco to Seoul.Under his leadership,Apple's market value soared;and its shareholders reaped huge rewards-with cumulative profits that run into the trillions.Now,Mr.Cook will(27),and his successor John Ternus faces a critical question:does the winning formula that drove Apple's success-smartphones, global supply chains,and a focus on China-still(28)in an era of Al and shifting global dynamics? Mr.Cook's(29)_was a bet on globalization:he leaned into global supply chains and Chin's growing market,turning Apple into an empire.Yet his term saw no products as(30)_as the iPhone or iPad,even the Vision Pro,with its(31). price tag,failed to make a lasting mark.(32),he built his legacy on refining what worked-improving the iPhone,expanding its reach,and(33)_ its place in the global market. This approach thrived in an era of open trade,but the world is changing. Geopolitical tensions are rising,trade barriers are returning,and Al is reshaping the tech(34).Ternus,who has worked at Apple since 2001 and currently serves as senior vice president of hardware engineering,overseeing products like the iPhone and Vision Pro,faces the daunting task of adapting Apple's strategy.For Mr.Ternus, the challenge is clear:to (35)_ Apple's formula for a new age,integrating Al into its core products without losing the core that made it great-quality,innovation, and global appeal. 21.A.captured B.featured C.advocated D.guaranteed 22.A.spreading B.trending C.defining D.lasting 第3页/共11页 23.A.integration B.embrace C.challenge D nature 24.A.pursued B.achieved C.promised D.shaped 25.A.dressed B.dreamed C.held D.set 26.A.brand B.device C.sight D.touch 27.A.step down B.carry on C.show up D.give in 28.A.hold B.hit C.stick D.count 29.A.command B.preference C.approval D strategy 30.A.fashionable B.transformative C.favorable D accessible 31.A.decent B.advanced C.aggressive D steep 32.A.Meanwhile B.Besides C.Instead D Therefore 33.A.solidifying B.reclaiming C.occupying D acquiring 34.A.impact B.landscape C.product D.service 35.A.create B.abandon C.maintain D.update Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【人与社会-历史、社会与文化】 (A) An exhibition of vivid photographs and a restored documentary give fresh insight into the Antarctic explorer,who died a century ago. One hundred years ago,the leader of the last great expedition of the heroic age of polar exploration died from a heart attack as his ship,Quest,headed for Antarctica. The announcement of the death of Ernest Shackleton on 30 January 1922 was greeted with an outpouring of national grief. This was the man,after all,who had saved the entire crew of his ship Endurance- which had been crushed and sunk by ice in 1915-by making a daring trip in a tiny open boat over 750 miles of polar sea to raise the alarm at a whaling station in South Georgia. It remains one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history and led to the idolising of Shackleton in the United Kingdom,a reputation that survived undamaged 请 for the rest of the century.As his contemporary Raymond Priestley,the geologist and Antarctic explorer,later put it:"When disaster strikes and all hope is gone,get down 不 要 on your knees and pray for Shackleton." And here and now in 2022,his death is being marked with an elaborately 在 装 illustrated exhibition-Shackleton's legacy and the power of early Antarctic 订 线 第4页/共11页 内 答 题 photography-which opens at the Royal Geographical Society (RGS),and which includes a range of images and artefacts from his expeditions.Additionally,a digitally remade version of South,a documentary film of Shackleton's 1914-16 Endurance expedition,is being screened at the British Film Institute. The film and most of the exhibition's finest images are the handiwork of Frank Hurley,who sailed with Shackleton and who was one of the 20th century's greatest photographers and film-makers.Both film and exhibition feature striking camera work and provide vivid accounts of the hardships that Shackleton and his men endured as they headed off to explore Antarctica. Even after he survived the great expedition,he still longed for another trip to Antarctica.After long negotiations,he set sail on Quest,from England with the aim of circumnavigating (Antarctica.By this time,Shackleton was very ill and had suffered at least one heart attack.On 2 January 1922,he wrote in his diary:"I grow old and tired but must always lead on."Three days later he had a major heart attack and died a few hours later.He is buried on South Georgia,scene of his greatest triumph. "Shackleton was an inspirational leader.He had an innate sense of what was possible and achievable.He also had a huge personality but led by example.At the same time,he was sensitive to the needs of the individuals he was leading.For example,when Endurance broke up,his men had lost their protection and shelter. Their social fabric had been destroyed.There would have been disagreement.Yet Shackleton succeeded in keeping them together and made sure they survived." 36.People were overcome with grief when Ernest Shackleton died because A.it was a huge pity that such a brave explorer should have died from a heart attack B.he was the man that wrote about one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history C.he came to his entire crew's rescue and symbolised hope in extreme circumstances D.there was no one to pray to anymore when disaster came and there was no hope 37.What can we learn about the exhibition? A.It presents Shackleton's 1914-16 Endurance expedition with powerful Antarctic photos. B.It celebrates the 100th anniversary of the great explorer Ernest Shackleton's birth. C.It consists of vivid photographs,artefacts,and documentaries of Ernest Shackleton. D.It is created by Frank Hurley,who witnessed Shackleton's heroic acts with his own eyes 38.Which of the following is NOT true about Ernest Shackleton according to the passage? A.He was the leader of a heroic exploration to the South pole,who died from a heart attack off shore. B.He saved the crew members of the sunken Endurance by travelling in a tiny boat to raise the alarm. 第5页/共11页 孙 C.He is universally recognised as the greatest Antarctic explorer who has enjoyed enduring fame. D.He was inspirational,practical,responsible,sensitive towards his men,but had a strong character. 39.What does "Their social fabric had been destroyed."in the last paragraph most probably mean? A.What they wore would not be accepted by others upon returning. B.They could no longer socialise with others even if they went back. C.The ship could not keep them together even if they survived. D.They could not function socially as they had when there was shelter. 【人与社会-文化习俗】 (B) Mahjong is a tile-based game that was developed in the 19th century in China and has spread throughout the world since the early 20th century.It is played by four players,with some three-player variations found in parts of China,Japan,South Korea, Vietnam,and Southeast Asia.The game is played with a set of 144 tiles()based on Chinese characters and symbols,although many regional variations may omit some tiles or add unique ones.In most variations,each player begins by receiving 13 tiles.In turn,players draw and discard tiles until they complete a winning hand using the 14th drawn tile to form four sets and a pair (eye).The pair must be two identical tiles,and each set can be either three consecutive(tiles or three identical tiles. Mahjong is popular in Hangzhou,especially in the Fuyang district.In Fuyang Mahjong,suited tiles()are divided into three suits and each are numbered from 1 to9.The suits are bamboos(or“strings”),dots(or“bing”),and characters(or "wan").There are four identical copies of each suited tile,totaling 108 tiles.There are also two different sets of honors tiles()-winds and dragons-each comprising four identical copies.The winds are east,south,west,and north,beginning with east. The dragons are red,green(or "fa"),and white.A pong is a set of three identical tiles; a kong is a complete set of four identical tiles;a chow is a sequence of three consecutive tiles from the same suit. Numbers Winds 3 5 East South West North Dots 南 北 Dragons Suits Bamboo Red Green White Characters There is only one winner in Fuyang Mahjong,who gets sums from other players based on the overall points of his tiles.The scoring rules are as follows: A set of any dragon means 1 point. v A hand consisting of only one suit of tiles means 3 points,which is known as pure hand. 第6页/共11页 A hand comprising honors tiles and one suit of tiles means 1 point,known as mixed pure hand. A set of the player's own corresponding wind means 1 point.(For example,when the east player has three identical east tiles in his hand,he obtains 1 point.If he has four, he may kong and still get 1 points.) If the tiles in your hand are a pair plus four sets of identical tiles,resulting in triplets hand,you get 1 point. If the tiles in your hand consist of only sets of winds and dragons,you get 13 points whether you have your own wind or not. 40.The following is the tiles you have in hand:Red,Red,White,White,White,Two Dots Three Dots,Three Dots,Four Dots,Four Dots,Five Dots,Six Dots,Seven Dots.What do you need in order to win? A.One Dot B.Red C.Eight Dots D.Three Dots 41.Which of the following statements is true? A.There has to be four players in a Mahjong game. B.A winning hand is made up of 13 tiles. C.There are 138 tiles in total in Fuyang Mahjong. D.The east player can gain 1 point by having three identical whites. 42.Supposing you are the north player,according to the point-scoring system in Fuyang Mahjong,which of the following hands has the highest scores? A 光光束束束南南南两西西雕册盟 B 回口来光光光树翻曲 馬馬男第需儒鸾气萬翕翕翕驾 oo@@。 D 回口回中中中光光光餮套露能脑 【人与社会-科学精神】 (C) "Assume you are wrong."The advice came from Brian Nosek,a psychology professor,who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek's advice,we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself.You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school,there is no single scientific method.Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change,so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting and friction.Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers.Few people like having the value of their life's work called into question.On the other side,few people are 第7页/共11页 good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways.So,part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself,so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process,and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique.Assuming you are right might be a motivating force,sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires.But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks.Beginning,instead,from the assumption you are wrong,a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong-a goal that your critic probably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right.Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public.Without an appreciation for how science works,it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science,when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence:as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves,our theories can and should change,too. Despite these worries,I like Nosek's suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better.It also builds in a sense of community -we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately,this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis:that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better,and ultimately support better science and even,perhaps,better decisions in life.I don't know if that's true.In fact, I should probably assume that it's wrong.But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools,I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 43.According to Paragraph 3,"some fretting and friction"refers to the fact that methodological reformers_ A.feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B.are unable to provide valuable work C.Don't offer constructive criticisms D.meet with harsh personal attacks 44.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the "assume you are wrong" strategy? A.It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B.It can enhance the public's understanding of science. C.It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D.It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 45.According to the passage,what is the author most likely to agree on? A.Nosek's strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. 第8页/共11页 B.The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C.Nosek's emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D.Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the "sense of community”. 46. best fits the "assume you are wrong"strategy. A.Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B.Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C.Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D.Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views Section C Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.However,it's quite difficult to make a sincere apology. B.The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. C.There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. D.But even for most normal people,it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. E.Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology F.Although apologizing can be hard to do,it is,in fact,the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. 【人与自我-做人与做事】 Why You Won't Apologize In our relationships with others,it's inevitable that we'll hurt people from time to time,even though,in some cases,we don't mean to.(47)_Research shows 请 what those with high levels of social intelligence already know-sincere apologies are 不 usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by 要 thoughtless acts.But all too often,we stubbornly refuse to apologize,even when we 在 know we're in the wrong. 装 An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we've done to a relationship.To 订 do this,we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim's position and to show empathy (for the pain we have caused the victim.Some researches have 内 indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (generally see no need to 答 apologize when they have wronged another person.(48)_When our friend 题 points out that we've offended them,it's easy to recall plenty of instances when they'd also hurt our feelings-so what are they getting so upset about? We all want to believe we're essentially good people.Accepting the fact that we've hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image.People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an 第9页/共11页 act of apology is a threat to their self-image.If personal characteristics stay the same, then,of course,hurting someone they care about is inconsistent with their self-image as an essentially good person.In reality,of course,even good people sometimes do bad things.(49) Sometimes people don't apologize because they don't believe it will do any good.This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable. (50)Your sincere apology doesn't mean the victim ought to forgive you right away.It may still take time,but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started. Ill.Summary Writing Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. 51. 【人与社会-社会进步】 What Played a Major Role In the Popularity of Shopping Carts? If there's something that can unexpectedly evoke some of your fondest childhood memories,it's the shopping cart.Whether it reminds you of shopping with your parents at the grocery store or riding one down the parking lot,the shopping cart can trigger some major nostalgia(怀旧). But what if I told you the widespread use of the shopping cart-and,in turn, some of your memories you associate with this supermarket staple -might never have happened without some cunning(狡猾的)marketing? In the mid-1930s,Sylvan Goldman,the owner of the Humpty Dumpty supermarket chain in Oklahoma City,noticed that customers would stop shopping once their baskets got too heavy.To lighten his customers'load and,in turn,increase his company's profits,Goldman teamed up with a mechanic to develop the first shopping cart.In 1937,he introduced his invention in all of his stores. Initially,the shopping cart didn't explode in popularity the way Goldman expected.In fact,it actually repelled some of his customers.Many male customers were turned off by the idea of pushing a cart around because they didn't think it was masculine enough.Women shoppers were offended because they felt the shopping carts looked too much like baby carriages. Instead of abandoning his invention to win back his annoyed customers,however, Goldman started thinking outside the box and devised one of the s/yest(心知肚明的) yet most successful stealth marketing plans in history. At each of his stores,he hired attractive male and female models to push the carts around and pretend to shop for groceries.When a real customer refused to take a shopping cart near the entrance,Goldman had the models walk past them with carts, saying that“everyone else”was using one. Three years later,the shopping cart had become a supermarket staple and store owners even catered to the design of their stores for them by widening their aisles and check-out counters.Since Goldman had patented his shopping cart design,he became a multimillionaire. 第10页/共11页 IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52.生活就像海洋，只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。(shore) 53.在这漫长而充满未知的航程中，狂风巨浪在所难免。(voyage) 54.面对汹涌的波涛，怯懦者会选择退缩，而勇敢者则会握紧手中的舵盘(helm),迎难而上。 (face) 55.也正是在与风暴的搏击中，我们磨砺了心性，最终不仅抵达了梦想的彼岸，更成就了更 强大的自己。(t) V.Guided Writing Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 当下，年轻人消费日益注重“情绪价值”，推动了以汉服、盲盒、剧场体验等为代表的 “情绪经济(emotion economy)”的兴起。学校英语报现举办以“我看情绪经济”为主题 的征文活动，请你以学生李华的身份投稿，分享你对这一现象的理解与思考。 请确保你的稿件包含以下内容： 1)简述对此现象的理解； 2)结合具体事例，谈谈你对此现象的看法。 第11页/共11页