Unit 4 Information Technology（知识清单）英语北师大版必修第二册

Unit4 Information Technology 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. avatar n.（网络）虚拟形象，头像 2. digital identity n. 数字身份 3. virtual reality n. 虚拟现实（VR） 4. mobile device n. 移动设备 5. instant messenger n. 即时通讯工具 6. smartphone n. 智能手机 7. software n. 软件 8. hardware n. 硬件 9. app / application n. 应用程序 10. broadband n. 宽带 11. cyberbullying n. 网络欺凌 12. identity theft n. 身份盗用 13. user-friendly adj. 用户友好的，易用的 14. self-focused adj. 以自我为中心的 15. 2D (2-dimensional) adj. 二维的 16. shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 17. trivial adj. 琐碎的，微不足道的 18. hairstyle n. 发型，发式 19. selection n. 可供选择之物；选择 20. accommodation n. 住宿，住处 21. goods n. 商品，货物 22. authority n. 权威，专家；当局，官方 23. basis n. 基础，基点 24. percent n. 百分比，百分数 25. brief adj. 简洁的，简明的 26. content n. 内容；目录 27. argument n. 论据，论点；争论 28. series n. 系列，丛书 29. sailor n. 水手，海员 30. location n. 位置，地点 二、写作词汇： 1. enable vt. 使能够，使可能（enable sb. to do sth.） 2. convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 3. convenience n. 方便，便利（for convenience 为了方便） 4. effect n. 影响；效果（have an effect on 对……有影响） 5. effective adj. 有效的，起作用的 6. addicted adj. 上瘾的，沉迷的（be addicted to 沉迷于……） 7. recommend vt. 推荐；建议（recommend doing sth.） 8. recommendation n. 推荐；推荐信 9. explore vt. 探索，探究（explore the unknown world） 10. obviously adv. 显而易见地，明显地 11. personality n. 个性，性格 12. admit vt. 承认；准许进入 13. download vt. 下载 14. indeed adv. 确实，的确 15. image n. 图像；形象 16. variety n. 种类，多样化（a variety of 各种各样的） 17. sensible adj. 明智的，合理的；朴素实用的 18. creativity n. 创造力，独创性 19. creative adj. 有创造力的，创造性的 20. blog n. 博客，网络日志（vi. 写博客） 21. experiment vi./n. 做试验，尝试（experiment with 用……做试验） 22. nowadays adv. 现今，现时 23. type vt. 打字（type in your message 输入信息） 24. concern n./vt. 担忧，关切；与……有关（cause a few concerns） 25. concerned adj. 担心的；关注的（be concerned with 关注） 26. cheat vt./vi. 欺骗，作弊 27. view vt./n. 把……视为；观点，看法（view ... as ...） 28. virtual adj. 虚拟的 29. powerful adj. 效能高的，强有力的 30. latest adj. 最新的，最近的（the latest technology） 31. reality n. 现实，真实（in reality 事实上） 32. ensure vt. 确保，保证（ensure that ...） 33. press vt. 按，压（press the button） 34. favour n. 恩惠，帮忙（do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙） 35. confirm vt. 确认，证实 36. deliver vt. 递送；发表（讲话）；兑现 37. error n. 错误，失误 38. subscribe vi. 订阅，订购（subscribe to a magazine） 39. harm n./vt. 伤害，损害（do harm to 对……有害） 40. harmful adj. 有害的（be harmful to） 41. replace vt. 取代，接替；更换（replace A with B） 42. replacement n. 替代，替代品（no replacement for 无法替代……） 43. hug n./vt. 拥抱 44. concentrate vi. 专注，集中注意力（concentrate on 专注于） 45. rewarding adj. 有益的，值得做的（a rewarding experience） 46. addition n. 增加；此外（in addition 此外） 47. opinion n. 意见，看法（in my opinion 在我看来） 48. focus vi./n. 关注，集中；焦点（focus on 关注） 49. maintain vt. 维持，保持（maintain healthy relationships） 50. amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的（at an amazing speed 以惊人的速度） 三、词汇变形： 1. enable（动词，使能够，使可能）→able（形容词，有能力的） 2. effect（名词，影响；效果）→affect（动词，影响，使感动） 3. effective（形容词，有效的，起作用的）→effectively（副词，有效地） 4. recommend（动词，推荐；建议）→recommendation（名词，推荐；推荐信） 5. explore（动词，探索，探究）→exploration（名词，探索，探究） 6. obvious（形容词，明显的，显而易见的）→obviously（副词，显而易见地，明显地） 7. create（动词，创造，创作）→creative（形容词，有创造力的，创造性的）→creativity（名词，创造力，独创性） 8. vary（动词，变化，不同）→various（形容词，各种各样的）→variety（名词，种类，多样化） 9. select（动词，选择，挑选）→selection（名词，选择；可供选择之物） 10. identity（名词，身份；特性）→identify（动词，识别，确认） 11. real（形容词，真实的，实际的）→reality（名词，现实，真实情况） 12. sure（形容词，确定的，确信的）→ensure（动词，确保，保证） 13. reward（名词，奖励，回报；动词，奖励）→rewarding（形容词，有益的，值得做的） 14. harm（名词，伤害，损害；动词，伤害）→harmful（形容词，有害的）→harmless（形容词，无害的） 15. limit（动词/名词，限制，限定）→limited（形容词，有限的）→limiting（形容词，局限的，限制性的） 16. concentrate（动词，专注，专心；集中）→concentration（名词，专注，集中） 17. addict（动词，使上瘾，使入迷）→addicted（形容词，上瘾的，沉迷的）→addiction（名词，瘾，入迷） 18. deliver（动词，递送，传送；发表）→delivery（名词，递送，交付） 19. confirm（动词，确认，证实）→confirmation（名词，确认，证实） 20. press（动词，按，压；催促）→pressure（名词，压力） 21. imagine（动词，想象，设想）→imagination（名词，想象力）→imaginary（形容词，想象中的，虚构的） 22. amaze（动词，使惊奇，使惊叹）→amazing（形容词，惊人的，了不起的）→amazed（形容词，感到惊奇的） 23. argue（动词，争论，论证）→argument（名词，论据，论点；争论） 24. maintain（动词，维持，保持；坚称）→maintenance（名词，维持，维修） 25. replace（动词，取代，接替；更换）→replacement（名词，替代；替代品） 26. concern（名词/动词，担忧，关切；与……有关）→concerned（形容词，担心的；关注的） 27. brief（形容词，简洁的，简明的）→briefly（副词，简要地，简短地） 28. sense（名词，感觉；判断力）→sensible（形容词，明智的，合理的）→sensitive（形容词，敏感的） 29. type（动词/名词，打字；类型，种类）→typist（名词，打字员）→typical（形容词，典型的） 30. subscribe（动词，订阅，订购；同意）→subscriber（名词，订阅人，订户）→subscription（名词，订阅；订阅费） 四、拓展词汇 1. privacy n. 隐私；私密，独处 2. security n. 安全，治安；保安措施 secure adj. 安全的，可靠的 securely adv. 安全地 3. acquaintance n. 熟人，相识的人；了解，认识 4. cyberbullying n. 网络欺凌，网络霸凌 5. stalking n. 跟踪骚扰，盯梢 6. vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的，脆弱的，易受攻击的 7. productivity n. 生产力，生产效率 8. drawback n. 缺点，弊端，不利条件 9. enhance vt. 提高，增强，增进 10. immoral adj. 不道德的，邪恶的 11. tension n. 紧张，焦虑；紧张关系，矛盾 12. participant n. 参与者，参加者 participate vi. 参加，参与 participation n. 参与，参加 13. campaign n. （社会性、政治性）运动，活动 14. digital adj. 数字的，数码的，数字化的 15. accessible adj. 可使用的，可接近的，易懂的 access n. 通道，入口；使用权，接触机会 16. technological adj. 技术的，科技的，工艺的 technology n. 技术，科技 17. dependence n. 依赖，依靠，成瘾 dependent adj. 依赖的，依靠的 18. independence n. 独立，自主 independent adj. 独立的，自主的 19. wearable adj. 可穿戴的，适于穿戴的 wearable technology 可穿戴技术 20. emoji n. 表情符号，绘文字 五、熟词生义 1. book：熟义=书；书籍；生义=预订；预约（动词，book tickets 订票） 2. order：熟义=命令；顺序；生义=订单；订购（名词／动词，place an order 下单） 3. post：熟义=邮寄；岗位；生义=发布；发帖（动词，post updates 发布动态） 4. button：熟义=纽扣；扣子；生义=按钮；按键（press the button 按按钮） 5. tablet：熟义=药片；片剂；生义=平板电脑 6. application：熟义=申请；申请书；生义=应用程序；应用软件（缩写为 app） 7. block：熟义=块；街区；大楼；生义=屏蔽；封锁；阻止（动词） 8. shallow：熟义=浅的；不深的（指水）生义=肤浅的；浅薄的（指内容、观点） 9. argument：熟义=争论；争吵；生义=论据；论点；理由 10. figure：熟义=数字；身材；图形；生义=弄明白；搞清楚（动词，figure out） 11. authority：熟义=权力；权威；生义=专家；泰斗（an authority on）／当局；官方 12. light：熟义=光；光线；灯；生义=角度；眼光（in a positive light 以积极的眼光） 13. track：熟义=踪迹；足迹；轨道；生义=记录；跟踪；了解动态（keep track of） 14. sign up：熟义=签名；签字；生义=报名（参加）；注册（账户） 15. deliver：熟义=递送；传送（货物、信件）；生义=发表（讲话）；履行（诺言） 16. maintain：熟义=维持；保持；生义=坚称；坚持说／维修；保养 17. favour：熟义=恩惠；帮忙；生义=支持；赞成（in favour of）／偏爱（动词） 18. type：熟义=类型；种类；生义=打字（动词，type in your message 输入信息） 19. view：熟义=观点；景色；视野；生义=把……视为；看待（动词，view ... as ...） 20. concern：熟义=担忧；忧虑（名词）；生义=与……有关；涉及／使担忧（动词） 写作 句型 句式1 出处： Lesson 1 · Avatars 原句： Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. 结构分析： · 主句：very few people knew · that 引导宾语从句：that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses · 从句谓语用过去将来时 would have（主句 knew 为过去时，从句表"过去的将来"） · 核心词块：a wide variety of + 复数名词（各种各样的……） · 整体为"主句过去时 + that 宾语从句（过去将来时）"结构，适用于叙述某一事物后来的发展变化，是记叙文与说明文中的"回顾式"表达。 译文： 然而，当时很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有如此多种多样的形式和用途。 句式2 出处： Lesson 1 · Avatars 原句： When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. 结构分析： · When 引导时间状语从句：When people started creating their own avatars · 主句：they discovered · that 引导宾语从句：that they were going to have the power to create new identities · that 引导定语从句：that did not look or act like their real selves at all（修饰 identities） · 核心词块：have the power to do sth.（有能力做某事）；not ... at all（一点也不） · 整体为"时间状语从句 + 主句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句"三层嵌套，适用于描写某一行为带来的新发现或新变化。 译文： 当人们开始创建自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创造出与真实自我在外表和行为上完全不同的新身份。 句式3 出处： Lesson 3 · Internet and Friendships 原句： Friendships are built on the basis of trust, and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. 结构分析： · 并列连词 and 连接两个分句 · 分句一：Friendships are built on the basis of trust（被动语态 + on the basis of） · 分句二：you can never be 100 percent sure that ... · that 引导宾语从句：that the people ... are being honest about who they are · 定语从句：you are chatting to（省略关系词，修饰 the people） · 介词宾语从句：about who they are · 核心词块：on the basis of（在……基础上）；be sure that ...（确信……）；be honest about（对……坦诚） · 整体为"被动陈述 + 转折/递进 + 多层从句"结构，适用于议论文的立论与质疑，表达"表面如此、实则未必"的批判性观点。 译文： 友谊建立在信任的基础之上，而通过网络交流，你永远无法百分之百确定与你聊天的人是否如实展现了真实的自己。 句式4 出处： Lesson 3 · Internet and Friendships 原句： Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact — images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug. 结构分析： · 动名词短语作主语：Talking online · 系表结构：is no replacement for face-to-face contact · 破折号后为补充说明分句：images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug · 核心词块：no replacement for（无法替代……）；replace A with B（用 B 替换 A） · 整体为"动名词作主语 + 否定判断 + 破折号补证"结构，适用于议论文中先亮明观点再补强论证，是"反驳对方观点"的高分句式。 译文： 网上交谈无法替代面对面的接触——图像真的无法替代现实生活中的一个微笑或一次拥抱。 句式5 出处： Lesson 3 · Internet and Friendships 原句： In my opinion, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. 结构分析： · 评注性状语开篇：In my opinion（在我看来） · 谓语 + 并列对比结构：should focus more on ... , and less on ...（更多地……，更少地……） · 第二句总结：This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships · 核心词块：focus on（关注）；more ... and less ...（更多……更少……）；the best way to do sth.（做某事的最佳方式）；maintain healthy relationships（维持健康的关系） · 整体为"亮明观点 + 对比取舍 + 总结建议"结构，适用于议论文结尾段提出个人主张与解决建议，是本单元写作最实用的收束句式。 译文： 在我看来，朋友们应该更多地进行面对面交流，减少网络交流。这是维持健康关系的最佳方式。 语法 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某一时刻看将要发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的将来"。 过去将来时的构成是：主语+would+动词原形 / 主语+was (were) going to+动词原形。 难点提示： 1. 过去将来的基本结构 肯定句：主语+would+动词原形 / 主语+was (were) going to+动词原形 否定句：主语+would not+动词原形 / 主语+was (were) not going to+动词原形 疑问句：Would+主语+动词原形 / Was (Were)+主语+going to+动词原形 被动语态：主语+would be+动词过去分词 / 主语+was (were) going to be+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去将来时，"将来"的时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：He told me that the meeting would be held the next Monday. （"the next Monday"为过去将来的时间状语） 例2：When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities. 例3：Few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. 3. 过去将来时和一般将来时体现的时间参照点不同。比较下列句子： He says he will buy a computer. （现在说，参照点是现在，用一般将来时）他说他要买一台电脑。 He said he would buy a computer. （过去说，参照点是过去，用过去将来时）他说过他要买一台电脑。 4. would 用于过去将来时和表示过去习惯性动作时含义不同。比较下列句子： He said he would raise the question at the meeting. （过去将来，表示"要在会上提出"）他说他要在会上提出这个问题。 When I was small, my mum would read me stories at night. （过去习惯，相当于 used to，表示"过去常常"）我小时候，妈妈总在晚上给我读故事。 补充说明（对应难点提示 1 的三种常见形式，教师讲解时可展开）： 形式 含义 例句 would do 从过去看将要发生 He said he would come. was / were going to do 按计划、安排即将发生；或据当时情况判断可能发生 It seemed as if it was going to rain. was / were about to do 正要、马上就要发生（不可与 tomorrow、next week 等具体时间状语连用） The train was about to leave. 判断口诀：主句谓语是过去时（said / told / thought / knew / believed / promised / was confident 等），宾语从句里说"将来"，一律用过去将来时，不可用 will 或 is going to。 需要我把这段替换进 Word 知识清单的"六、核心语法精讲"部分吗？目前文档里那版是表格化的，这一版与你给的过去完成时模板完全一致，替换后体例更统一。 写作 邀请邮件（应用文） 题目 假定你是红星中学高一学生李华。你们学校即将举办主题为"未来已来（The Future is Here）"的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友 Jim 参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 活动安排（时间、地点等）； 2. 活动内容。 【参考范文】 Dear Jim, How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist, and I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】 本文是一封邀请类电子邮件。作者以李华的身份向国际部好友 Jim 发出邀请，开篇问候并点明写信目的，第二段交代活动的时间、地点与具体内容，结尾说明邀请理由并表达期待回复。语气亲切而得体，覆盖全部写作要点。 【详解】 1. I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". 开篇直接说明写信目的，I'm writing to ... 是邀请信、申请信的标准开头句式；whose 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 festival，交代活动主题，一句话同时完成"点题 + 补充说明"。 2. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. 被动语态交代活动安排，先说地点再说时间；多个时间、地点并列时英文语序由小到大（in the school hall → next Friday），中文则相反，需注意差异。补充规范表达建议：也可用主动句式 The festival will take place in the school hall ... 避免被动语态堆砌。 3. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. 现在分词短语 ranging from ... to ... 作伴随状语，具体展开活动内容，是本单元"总述 + 举例"表达的高分写法；a variety of 后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 4. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist, and I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. deliver a lecture 为 deliver 的"熟词生义"用法（发表讲话）；I'm convinced (that) ... 意为"我确信……"，用对方视角强化邀请的吸引力，比 I think 更正式。 5. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. since 引导原因状语从句，说明邀请理由，使邀请更有针对性；be crazy about 与 be addicted to 近义，但感情色彩更积极，适合此处语境。 【点睛】 ① 要点齐全，逻辑清晰，依次交代写信目的、活动安排（时间、地点）、活动内容与期待回复； ② 灵活运用 whose 引导的定语从句、现在分词作状语、被动语态等结构，句式丰富而不啰嗦； ③ 语气把握得当：对好友用 How is everything going?、I'm sure 等亲切表达，同时用 I'm writing to invite you to ...、at your earliest convenience 保持书信的正式与礼貌； ④ 积累短语：be held / take place 举行；a variety of 各种各样的；range from ... to ... 从……到……不等；deliver a lecture 发表演讲；be crazy about 着迷于；at one's earliest convenience 尽早。 一、知识点精讲 1. enable 教材原句：The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds. 参考译文：这款软件让你几秒钟内就能接入互联网。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to make it possible for sb to do or experience sth 使能够，使可能 例句印证： Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐能让我们感到放松。 【积累拓展】 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事（不接 to doing） able adj. 有能力的 → be able to do；ability n. 能力 反义：disable vt. 使丧失能力；disabled adj. 有残疾的 2. effect 教材原句：I have been taking these pills for three days, but so far they have had no effect. 参考译文：我已经服了三天这些药，但至今没有任何效果。 【双语释义】 ◆n. a change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else 影响；效果 ◆n. （补充）a particular look, sound etc. that is deliberately created （刻意制造的）效果 例句印证： Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion. 广告往往是最有效的促销手段。 In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media has an effect on teenagers. 此外，社交媒体上发布的大量内容对青少年有影响。 【积累拓展】 have an effect / impact / influence on 对……有影响 side effect 副作用；take effect 生效；in effect 实际上 易混：effect n. 影响（名词）／affect vt. 影响（动词） effective adj. 有效的；effectively adv. 有效地 3. recommend 教材原句：The first strategy that we recommend is understanding the passage as a whole. 参考译文：我们推荐的第一条策略是从整体上理解文章。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to tell sb that sth is good or useful, or to suggest sb/sth for a particular purpose 推荐，介绍 ◆vt. to advise sb to do sth 建议，劝告 例句印证： I bought this magazine on the recommendation of a friend. 我是经朋友推荐买的这本杂志。 I recommend that you (should) set up an account first. 我建议你先创建一个账户。 【积累拓展】 recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物；recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend that sb. (should) do 建议某人做（从句用虚拟语气） recommendation n. 推荐；推荐信 4. explore 教材原句：They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. 参考译文：他们渴望探索宇宙、发现宇宙的真谛。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to examine sth in order to find out more about it 探索，探究 ◆vt. to travel around an area in order to learn about it 勘探，考察 例句印证： These ideas will be explored in more detail in Chapter 7. 这些观点将在第七章进行详细探讨。 【积累拓展】 explore the unknown world 探索未知世界 exploration n. 探索；explorer n. 探险者，勘探者 5. obviously 教材原句：Obviously, it is China that is getting more and more powerful. 参考译文：显而易见，中国正变得越来越强大。 【双语释义】 ◆adv. used to mean that sth is easy to see or understand 显而易见地，明显地 例句印证： The character was obviously wrong but he didn't pick it out. 这个字符明显是错的，但他没有挑出来。 【积累拓展】 obvious adj. 明显的 → It is obvious that ... 显然…… 评注性状语：Obviously, ... / Clearly, ... 常用于议论文表明立场 6. view 教材原句：However, other users view avatars in a more positive light. 参考译文：不过，也有用户以更积极的眼光看待虚拟形象。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to think about sb/sth in a particular way （以某种方式）看，把……视为 ◆n. what you think or believe about sth 观点，看法 ◆n. what you are able to see from a place; a scene 视野；景色 例句印证： People in Asia may view silence as a sign of respect. 亚洲人可能把沉默视为一种尊敬。 In my view, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. 在我看来，朋友们应该更多地进行面对面的交流。 【积累拓展】 view ... as ... 把……视为……（被动：be viewed as） in one's view / in my opinion 在我看来；in full view of 在……众目睽睽之下 view ... in a positive light 以积极的眼光看待…… viewer n. 观看者，观众 7. concentrate 教材原句：Young children have a limited attention span and can't concentrate on one activity for very long. 参考译文：幼儿注意力持续时间有限，无法长时间专注于一项活动。 【双语释义】 ◆vi. / vt. to give all your attention to sth and not think about anything else 专注，专心；集中（注意力） 例句印证： I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise. 这么吵我无法专心工作。 【积累拓展】 concentrate on (doing) sth. 专注于（做）某事 同义：focus on；be focused on；pay attention to concentration n. 专注，集中 8. reward / rewarding 教材原句：Teaching can be a very rewarding career. It allows teachers to have an input in the development of young lives. 参考译文：教书可以是一项非常有意义的事业，它让教师能够参与年轻生命的成长。 【双语释义】 ◆rewarding adj. worth doing; that makes you happy because you think it is useful or important 有益的，值得做的 ◆rewarding adj. producing a lot of money 报酬高的 ◆reward n. a thing that you are given for doing sth good 奖励，回报 例句印证： There's nothing more rewarding than putting smiles on the faces around you. 没有什么比让你身边的人露出笑容更有意义了。 Users are rewarded for achieving goals in the app. 用户在应用中因达成目标而获得奖励。 【积累拓展】 a rewarding experience / career 一次有益的经历／一份有意义的事业 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而奖励某人 as a reward for 作为对……的奖励 9. deliver 教材原句：Well, according to my records, Ms Smith, your order was delivered last week. 参考译文：嗯，根据我的记录，史密斯女士，您的订单上周已经送达了。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to take goods, letters, etc. to the person they have been sent to 递送，传送，交付 ◆vt. to give a speech, talk, etc. 发表（讲话），宣布 ◆vt. to do what you promised to do 履行诺言，兑现 例句印证： They insisted that I deliver a speech at the meeting. 他们坚持要我在会上发言。 We promise to deliver within 48 hours. 我们承诺 48 小时内送达。 【积累拓展】 deliver goods / letters 送货／送信；deliver a speech / lecture 发表演讲 deliver on one's promises 履行诺言 delivery n. 递送；交付；分娩 10. sensible 教材原句：...they started having more than one avatar: a sensible one for work; a friendly, good-looking one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun. 参考译文：……他们开始拥有不止一个虚拟形象：工作时用一个稳重得体的，交友时用一个友善好看的，娱乐时用一个搞怪的。 【双语释义】 ◆adj. reasonable, practical, and showing good judgment 明智的，合理的，有判断力的 ◆adj. suitable for a particular purpose, and practical rather than fashionable 适当的，朴素实用的 例句印证： It's sensible to keep a note of your passport number. 把护照号码记下来是明智的做法。 【积累拓展】 a sensible decision / choice 明智的决定／选择；sensible shoes 朴素实用的鞋 sense n. 感觉；判断力 → a sense of humour / direction 易混：sensible 明智的；sensitive 敏感的 11. experiment 教材原句：They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot, perhaps, about what they want to look like. 参考译文：他们还会尝试不同的发型之类的东西——这或许在很大程度上说明了他们想成为什么样子。 【双语释义】 ◆vi. to try using various ideas, methods etc. to find out how good or effective they are 试验，试用 ◆vi. to do a scientific test 做实验，进行试验 ◆n. a scientific test done in order to study what happens 实验，试验 例句印证： In 1857, Mendel started experimenting with peas in his garden. 1857 年，孟德尔开始在花园里用豌豆做实验。 The astronauts are carrying out a series of experiments. 宇航员们正在进行一系列实验。 【积累拓展】 experiment with / on sth. 用……做试验 do / perform / conduct an experiment 做实验 experimental adj. 实验性的；experimenter n. 实验者 12. concern / concerned 教材原句：The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. 参考译文：虚拟形象的使用也引发了一些担忧。 【双语释义】 ◆concern n. a feeling of worry 忧虑，担心，关切 ◆concern vt. to be about sth 与……有关，涉及；to worry sb 使担忧 ◆concerned adj. worried and feeling concern about sth 担心的；interested in sth 关注的，关切的 例句印证： The report expressed concern about continuing high unemployment. 这份报告表达了对持续高失业率的担忧。 Instead of having proper conversations, some people are only concerned with their online popularity. 有些人不再进行正常的交流，只关注自己在网络上的受欢迎程度。 【积累拓展】 cause a few concerns 引起一些担忧；express concern about / for 表达对……的担忧 be concerned about 担心……；be concerned with 关注／涉及…… as far as sb. is concerned 就某人而言；concerning prep. 关于 13. replace 教材原句：Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact—images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug. 参考译文：首先，网上交谈无法替代面对面的接触——图像真的无法替代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to be used instead of sb/sth else 取代，代替 ◆vt. to remove sb/sth and put another in their place （用……）替换，接替 ◆vt. to change sth old or damaged for a newer or better one 更换，更新 例句印证： Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom. 课堂上的教师永远不会被电脑取代。 It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 不吃饭而用零食代替并不是好主意。 【积累拓展】 replace A with / by B 用 B 替换 A no replacement for 无法替代……；a replacement for ……的替代品 replacement n. 替代，替代品 14. maintain 教材原句：Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. 参考译文：朋友们应该更多地进行面对面交流，减少网络交流。这是维持健康关系的最佳方式。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to make sth continue at the same level or standard 维持，保持 ◆vt. to say firmly that sth is true 坚称，坚持说 ◆vt. to keep sth in good condition 维修，保养 例句印证： Career officers maintain contact with young people when they have left school. 就业指导人员在年轻人离校后仍与他们保持联系。 The company is responsible for maintaining public telephone boxes. 这家公司负责维护公用电话亭。 【积累拓展】 maintain healthy relationships 维持健康的关系；maintain contact with 与……保持联系 同义：stay in touch with；keep up maintenance n. 维持，维修 15. subscribe 教材原句：To learn English, I have to subscribe to some magazines. 参考译文：为了学英语，我得订阅一些杂志。 【双语释义】 ◆vi. to pay an amount of money regularly in order to receive or use sth 定期订购（订阅） ◆vi. to pay money regularly to support an organisation or a charity 定期捐助，成为会员 ◆vi. to agree with an idea or opinion 同意，赞成（观点） 例句印证： My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science. 我订阅《新科学家》的主要原因是要跟上科学进展。 【积累拓展】 subscribe to a magazine / newspaper / channel 订阅杂志／报纸／频道 subscribe to an idea / view 赞同一个观点 subscriber n. 订阅人，订户；subscription n. 订阅（费） 16. favour 教材原句：Can you do me a favour and find out what's going on? 参考译文：你能帮我个忙，去看看发生了什么事吗？ 【双语释义】 ◆n. a thing that you do to help sb 帮助，恩惠，好事 ◆n. approval or support for sb/sth 赞同，支持 ◆vt. to prefer one system, plan or way of doing sth to another 偏爱，支持 例句印证： I'm all in favour of equal pay for equal work. 我完全赞成同工同酬。 She helps me out when I have too much to do, and I do her a favour when I can. 我忙不过来时她帮我分担，我有能力时也帮她。 【积累拓展】 do sb. a favour = do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙 ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙；in favour of 支持，赞成 in one's favour 对某人有利；favourable adj. 有利的，赞成的 17. addicted 教材原句：Many companies have blocked social networks as addicted employees can distract themselves on such sites. 参考译文：许多公司屏蔽了社交网络，因为上瘾的员工会在这些网站上分散注意力。 【双语释义】 ◆adj. unable to stop taking or using sth as a habit 上瘾的，成瘾的，沉迷的 例句印证： If you are addicted to coffee, it is difficult to quit it completely. 如果你对咖啡上瘾，就很难完全戒掉。 We never thought John would be addicted to computer games. 我们从没想过约翰会沉迷于电脑游戏。 【积累拓展】 be addicted to (doing) sth. 沉迷于（做）某事（to 是介词！） addict n. 上瘾者；addiction n. 瘾，入迷；addictive adj. 使人上瘾的 二、核心语法精讲 1. 形式、意义与用法 过去将来时表示“从过去某一时刻看将要发生的事情”，即“过去的将来”。它常用于宾语从句、间接引语以及叙述性的语篇中。 2. 基本构成（以及物动词 do 为例） 时态 主动形式 被动形式 示例 一般将来时 will do will be done He says he will buy a computer. / The job will be done on time. 过去将来时 would do would be done He said he would buy a computer. / He said the job would be done on time. 过去将来时 was / were going to do was / were going to be done She said she was going to start at once. / He told me when it was going to be done. 过去将来时 was / were about to do — The attendant said that the train was about to leave. 过去将来时 was / were to do was / were to be done They said the meeting was to be held the next Monday. 3. 难点提示 ① was / were going to do：既可表示“按计划或安排即将发生”，也可表示“根据当时情况判断有可能发生（但不一定发生）”。例：It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。 ② was / were about to do：表示“正要／马上就要发生”，不可与具体的时间状语（如 tomorrow, next week）连用。例：The train was about to leave. 火车马上就要开了。 ③ would do 除表示过去将来，还可表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”（相当于 used to do），需根据语境判断： · He said he would raise the question at the meeting.（过去将来：他要在会上提出这个问题） · When I was small, my mum would read me stories at night.（过去习惯：我小时候，妈妈总在晚上给我读故事） ④ 时态呼应：主句谓语为过去时（said / told / thought / knew / believed / was confident / promised / planned 等）时，宾语从句中表示“将来”须用过去将来时，不可用 will / is going to。 ⑤ 判断标志词：the next day / the next week / the following month / soon / in future / tomorrow（直接引语转间接引语时 tomorrow → the next day）等。 4. 教材原句印证 句子 结构 译文 Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. would do 然而，当时很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有如此多种多样的形式和用途。 When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities... was / were going to do 当人们开始创建自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将拥有创造新身份的能力…… It was believed that things would get worse, but as it is they are getting better. would do（被动主句） 人们原以为情况会变得更糟，但实际上正在好转。 As a child, few people guessed that he would be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. would do 小时候，几乎没人料到他会成为一位用理论改变世界的著名科学家。 The scientists said the world's population would slow down in future. would do 科学家们说世界人口在未来会放缓增长。 5. 即学即练（教师版附答案） 1. Alicia was confident that her first app ________ (become) one of the biggest selling points. 2. When many Internet users realised that their avatars ________ (see) by many people, they created more than one avatar. 3. I knew John ________ (not finish) the work by 5:00 tomorrow afternoon. 4. She told us that she ________ (not go) with us if it rained. 5. Jim made up his mind that he ________ (buy) a new car once he changed his job. 【答案】 1. would become（主句 was confident 为过去时，从句用过去将来时） 2. would be seen（过去将来时的被动语态：would + be + done） 3. would not finish（by 5:00 tomorrow afternoon 为“过去的将来”的时间点） 4. would not go（if 引导的条件状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时） 5. would buy（once 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时） 三、单元写作清单 Unit 4 应用文：科技节邀请邮件 1. 话题分析 话题内容：邀请国际部好友 Jim 参加学校科技节（主题"未来已来 The Future is Here"） 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术（信息技术与校园活动） 文体类型：应用文——邀请信（电子邮件） 写作要点： · 发出邀请（参加科技节） · 告知具体安排（时间、地点、主题、活动内容） · 说明邀请理由（对方爱好）并期待回复 语体提示：收件人是好友，语气亲切自然；但作为正式邀请信，仍需使用 I'm writing to invite you to ...、at your earliest convenience 等得体表达。 2. 写作框架 第一段：开篇点题 · 功能：问候 + 写信目的 + 活动主题 · 核心句式：How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". 第二段：正文展开 · 功能：交代时间地点 + 展开活动内容 + 亮点补充 · 核心句式： · The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. · A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. · In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist. 第三段：结尾收束 · 功能：说明邀请理由 + 表达信心 + 期待回复 · 核心句式： · Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. · I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 3. 写作素材 3.1 开篇句（问候 + 写信目的） 1. How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to ... 2. How have you been? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival. 3. I'm writing on behalf of the Student Union to invite you to ... 4. I would like to invite you to attend the Science and Technology Festival to be held in our school. 5. Knowing that you are keen on information technology, I'm writing to invite you to ... 3.2 活动安排句（时间、地点、主题） 1. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. 2. The event is scheduled to take place in the Lecture Hall from 2 to 5 p.m. this Friday. 3. The festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here", will last three days. 4. As planned, the opening ceremony will begin at 9 a.m. next Friday in the playground. 3.3 活动内容句（本单元亮点：分词作状语） 1. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. 2. There will be a wide range of activities, including app design shows and 3D printing workshops. 3. You can experiment with the latest mobile devices and explore a 360-degree 3D digital world. 4. A lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist. 5. Students will present their own apps, which enables them to share creative ideas with others. 3.4 邀请理由句（针对收件人特点） 1. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. 2. Knowing that you have a keen interest in information technology, I believe the festival will appeal to you. 3. As a tech lover, you will definitely be impressed by the latest technology on show. 4. It is a golden chance for you to explore the unknown world of science and technology. 3.5 表达信心句（强化吸引力） 1. I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. 2. I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. 3. It will be a rewarding experience that you will never forget. 4. I bet you will find the festival both meaningful and entertaining. 3.6 结尾句（感谢与期待回复） 1. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 2. We would appreciate your timely reply. 3. Thank you for your time and I hope to hear from you soon. 4. Please let me know whether you can make it as soon as possible. 3.7 常用短语积累 · be held / take place：举行，举办 · a variety of / a wide range of：各种各样的 · range from ... to ...：从……到……不等 · deliver a lecture：发表演讲（deliver 的熟词生义） · the latest technology：最新技术 · be crazy about / be keen on：着迷于，热衷于 · enable sb. to do sth.：使某人能够做某事 · be convinced that ...：确信…… · at one's earliest convenience：尽早 · on behalf of：代表 · look forward to：期待 · have an amazing time：玩得开心 · sign up for：报名参加 4. 范文背诵 题目：假定你是红星中学高一学生李华。你们学校即将举办主题为"未来已来（The Future is Here）"的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友 Jim 参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 活动安排（时间、地点等）；2. 活动内容。 Dear Jim, How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist, and I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours, Li Hua 背诵重点句（5 句核心）： 1. I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". （开篇点题：写信目的 + 活动主题） 2. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. （活动安排：地点 + 时间） 3. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. （活动内容：总述 + 举例） 4. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist. （亮点补充：deliver 熟词生义 + 被动语态） 5. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. （邀请理由：针对性说服） 5. 变式场景拓展 变式场景 邀请角色 可替换的核心词块 科技节 → Jim（本单元原题） participant 参与者 a variety of activities；the latest technology；virtual reality 科技节 → 邀请专家做讲座 guest speaker 演讲嘉宾 deliver a lecture；an authority on information technology 机器人比赛 → 邀请外教当评委 judge 评委 grade the performances；give comments on 校园 APP 设计大赛 → 邀请评委 judge 评委 develop an app；creative ideas；user-friendly design 网络安全讲座 → 邀请警官主讲 guest speaker 主讲嘉宾 online safety；protect our privacy；avoid cyberbullying 编程社团招新 → 邀请好友加入 new member 新成员 sign up for；set up an account；have a lot in common 数字敦煌图片展 → 邀请参观 visitor 参观者 a 360-degree 3D digital projection；make the art accessible 英语科技节志愿服务 → 招募志愿者 volunteer 志愿者 be responsible for；be skilled at；do sb a favour 线上学习经验分享会 → 邀请发言 guest speaker 发言人 online learning；enable better communication；focus on 校园文化节 → 邀请表演嘉宾 performer 表演嘉宾 traditional Chinese culture；a touch of Chinese style 易错点01 be addicted to 中的 to 是介词 【一句话辨异】He is addicted to playing computer games, and it is hard for him to focus on his study. 他沉迷于玩电脑游戏，很难集中精力学习。 【错因辨析】 1. be addicted to 中 to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词（-ing），不能接动词原形。 · ✅ He is addicted to online games. ❌ He is addicted to play online games. 2. 同类“介词 to”结构一并记忆：look forward to doing；be used to doing；devote ... to doing；object to doing；pay attention to doing；adapt to doing。 3. 词族：addict n. 上瘾者；addicted adj. 上瘾的；addiction n. 瘾；addictive adj. 使人上瘾的。 【对点训练】 The moment he got home, the boy found himself ______ to the new app on his mobile device. A. addict B. addicted C. addicting D. to addict 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 be addicted to 的用法。find oneself addicted to ... 表示“发现自己沉迷于……”，addicted 为形容词，to 是介词，后接 the new app。A 为动词原形／名词，C 形式错误，D 不定式不能作宾语补足语，故选 B。 易错点02 a variety of 与 the variety of 的主谓一致 【一句话辨异】A variety of apps have been developed for language learning, and the variety of their functions is amazing. 各种各样的语言学习应用程序已被开发出来，其功能的多样性令人惊叹。 【错因辨析】 1. a variety of + 复数名词：意为“各种各样的”，中心词是后面的复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 · A variety of avatars are available on the website.（谓语用 are） 2. the variety of + 复数名词：意为“……的多样性”，中心词是 variety（单数），谓语动词用单数。 · The variety of the avatars is amazing.（谓语用 is） 3. 区分口诀：a variety of 看后面（复数），the variety of 看前面（单数）。 4. 同义表达：varieties of + 复数名词；various + 复数名词（various 为形容词）。 【对点训练】 A variety of digital devices ______ used in class nowadays, but the variety of the problems they bring ______ also worth our attention. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查主谓一致。第一空主语中心词为 devices（a variety of + 复数名词），谓语用复数 are；第二空主语中心词为 the variety（单数），谓语用单数 is，故选 C。 易错点03 effect / affect / effective 的混用 【一句话辨异】Social media has a great effect on our daily life, and it affects the way we communicate with each other. 社交媒体对我们的日常生活有很大影响，并影响我们彼此交流的方式。 【错因辨析】 1. effect 作名词，意为“影响，效果”：have an effect on 对……有影响。 2. affect 作及物动词，意为“影响，使感动”：Smoking affects our health. 3. effective 为形容词，意为“有效的”；effectively 为副词，意为“有效地”。 4. 常见搭配：side effect 副作用；take effect 生效；in effect 实际上。 5. 易错提醒：不要把 effect 当动词用，也不要把 affect 当名词用。 【对点训练】 The new policy will ______ the way we use mobile devices, and its ______ will be seen within months. A. effect; affect B. affect; effect C. effect; effect D. affect; affect 【答案】B 【解析】第一空缺少谓语动词，用及物动词 affect（影响）；第二空位于形容词性物主代词 its 之后，用名词 effect（影响，效果），故选 B。 易错点04 过去将来时三种形式的辨析 【一句话辨异】He said he would attend the meeting, and when I saw him he was about to leave for it. 他说他会去参加会议，而我看到他时他正要动身前往。 【错因辨析】 1. would do：从过去看将来要发生的事；也可表示过去的习惯性动作（= used to do）。 2. was / were going to do：按计划、安排即将发生；或根据当时情况判断可能发生。 3. was / were about to do：正要、马上就要发生，不可与 tomorrow、next week 等具体时间状语连用。 4. 时态呼应：主句为过去时，宾语从句中用过去将来时，不可用 will / is going to。 · ❌ He said he will come. ✅ He said he would come. 【对点训练】 The attendant said that the train ______ leave, so we had to get on it immediately. A. would B. was about to C. was going D. will 【答案】B 【解析】由后半句“我们不得不立刻上车”可知火车“马上就要开”，用 was about to do 表示即将发生；主句 said 为过去时，排除 D；A 只表过去将来，不如 B 贴切；C 结构不完整，故选 B。 易错点05 instead of 后接名词或动名词 【一句话辨异】Instead of having proper conversations with their friends, some people are only concerned with their online popularity. 有些人不再与朋友进行正常的交流，只关注自己在网上的受欢迎程度。 【错因辨析】 1. instead of 是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词（-ing），不接动词原形或不定式。 · ✅ Instead of texting, he called me. ❌ Instead of text / to text, he called me. 2. instead 是副词，意为“反而，代替”，单独使用，常用于句首或句末，后面不接宾语。 · He didn't reply online. Instead, he came to see me in person. 3. 区分口诀：instead of 有宾语（介词），instead 无宾语（副词）。 【对点训练】 ______ staying in touch with friends online all day, we should focus more on face-to-face communication. A. Instead B. Instead of C. In addition D. In addition to 【答案】B 【解析】空格后为动名词短语 staying in touch ...，需用介词短语 instead of（而不是）；instead 为副词，不能接宾语；C、D 表“此外（还）”，与句意“而不是”不符，故选 B。 易错点06 view ... as 与 be viewed as 的固定搭配 【一句话辨异】My avatar is viewed as a bridge between Chinese culture and the digital world. 我的虚拟形象被视为中国文化与现代数字世界之间的一座桥梁。 【错因辨析】 1. view ... as ... 意为“把……视为……”，as 不可省略，也不可换成 to be（正式文体中可用 view ... as being ...）。 · ✅ People view silence as a sign of respect. ❌ People view silence a sign of respect. 2. 被动形式：be viewed as（被视为……），是写作中的高分表达。 3. 同义结构：think of ... as；regard ... as；consider ... (as)；see ... as；treat ... as。 4. 注意区分 view 的名词用法：in my view（在我看来）；in full view of（在……众目睽睽之下）。 【对点训练】 In many Asian countries, silence ______ a sign of respect, especially to an elder. A. views B. is viewed C. is viewed as D. views as 【答案】C 【解析】主语 silence 与 view 为被动关系，且 view ... as 为固定搭配，as 不可省略，故用 is viewed as，选 C。 易错点07 replace / replacement for 的搭配与 instead 类结构 【一句话辨异】Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact — nothing can replace a real-life smile or hug. 网上交谈无法替代面对面的接触——没有什么能取代现实中一个微笑或拥抱。 【错因辨析】 1. replace A with / by B：用 B 替换 A（A 为被替换的对象）。 · It is unwise to replace meals with snacks. 2. a replacement for：……的替代品；no replacement for：无法替代……（for 后接被替代的事物）。 3. 词族：replace vt. 取代；replacement n. 替代，替代品；replaceable adj. 可替代的。 4. 易错提醒：表达“无法替代某物”用 no replacement for sth.，不用 no replacement of sth.。 【对点训练】 The old computers need ______ with new ones, for there is no replacement ______ face-to-face communication in building true friendships. A. replacing; forƒB. to replace; ofC. replacing; ofD. to replace; for 【答案】A 【解析】第一空 sth. need doing = sth. need to be done，用 replacing；第二空为固定搭配 no replacement for（无法替代……），故选 A。 一、默写重点词组 A. 英译汉 1. information technology ____________________ 2. provide convenience ____________________ 3. download lots of apps ____________________ 4. digital identities ____________________ 5. instant messenger ____________________ 6. book accommodation ____________________ 7. set up an account ____________________ 8. in addition ____________________ 9. have a lot in common ____________________ 10. keep track of ____________________ 11. get updated ____________________ 12. express oneself freely ____________________ 13. by the late 1990s ____________________ 14. attend classes ____________________ 15. in a more positive light ____________________ 16. be related to ____________________ B. 汉译英 1. 网上聊天 ____________________ 2. 对……着迷的 ____________________ 3. 多种多样的 ____________________ 4. 或多或少 ____________________ 5. 用……做实验 ____________________ 6. 盼望 ____________________ 7. 要求，需要 ____________________ 8. 帮某人一个忙 ____________________ 9. 关心，照顾 ____________________ 10. 关注 ____________________ 11. 面对面的接触 ____________________ 12. ……的数量 ____________________ 13. 与……保持联系 ____________________ 14. 探索未知世界 ____________________ 15. 适应 ____________________ 16. 简称，缩写 ____________________ 【答案】 A. 1. 信息技术 2. 提供便利 3. 下载大量应用程序 4. 数字身份 5. 即时通讯工具 6. 预订住宿 7. 创建账户 8. 此外，另外 9. 有很多共同点 10. 记录，跟踪；保持联系 11. 获得最新信息，更新 12. 自由表达自我 13. 到 20 世纪 90 年代末 14. 上课 15. 以更积极的眼光 16. 与……有关 B. 1. chat online 2. be addicted to 3. a variety of 4. more or less 5. experiment with 6. look forward to 7. call for 8. do sb a favour 9. care for 10. focus on 11. face-to-face contact 12. the number of 13. stay in touch with 14. explore the unknown world 15. adapt to 16. for short 二、词汇运用（用括号内单词的适当形式填空） 1. Listening to music ________ us to feel relaxed. (enable) 2. Advertising is often the most ________ method of promotion. (effect) 3. I bought this magazine on the ________ of a friend. (recommend) 4. ________, they've had sponsorship from some big companies. (obvious) 5. There's definitely something wonderful and ________ about sharing your knowledge with others. (reward) 6. We must ________ the purity of drinking water. (sure) 7. Freezing winter is ________ to orange trees. (harm) 8. In ________, they may not have had enough information to understand what was happening. (real) 9. As she listened, she played an ________ piano on her knees. (imagine) 10. It's ________ and beautiful to have seen the city progress into what it is today. (amaze) 【答案】 1. enables 2. effective 3. recommendation 4. Obviously 5. rewarding 6. ensure 7. harmful 8. reality 9. imaginary 10. amazing 【解析要点】 第 2 题：effect → effective（形容词作定语）；注意 affect 为动词。 第 6 题：sure → ensure（及物动词，确保）；勿与 assure / insure 混淆。 第 9 题：imagine → imaginary（虚构的）；imaginative 意为“富有想象力的”。 三、重点句型（理解结构与翻译） 1. When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 当人们开始创建自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创造出与真实自我在外表和行为上完全不同的新身份。（when 引导时间状语从句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句） 2. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 大多数人创造的虚拟形象与自己的性格特征相似，外表和行为或多或少都与本人相像。（两个并列的定语从句） 3. Friendships are built on the basis of trust, and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 友谊建立在信任的基础之上，而通过网络交流，你永远无法百分之百确定与你聊天的人是否如实展现真实的自己。（并列句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句 + 介词宾语从句） 4. Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact — images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 首先，网上交谈无法替代面对面的接触——图像真的无法替代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。（动名词作主语 + no replacement for） 5. In my opinion, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 在我看来，朋友们应该更多地进行面对面交流，减少网络交流。这是维持健康关系的最佳方式。（focus on + 动名词；the best way to do） 四、课文语法填空（根据 Lesson 1 Avatars 课文内容填空，每空一词） Avatars are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves, and have 1. ________ forms and uses. The avatar you choose says a lot about your 2. ________. Most people create avatars that have 3. ________ features 4. ________ their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. Nowadays, avatars are everywhere. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from 5. ________ ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you 6. ________ in your message. The use of avatars has also caused a few 7. ________. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in 8. ________ worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to 9. ________ others online. However, other users 10. ________ avatars in a more positive light. 【答案】 1. a variety of 2. personality 3. similar 4. to 5. a selection of 6. type 7. concerns 8. virtual 9. cheat 10. view 五、过去将来时专练 1. Alicia was confident that her first app ________ (become) one of the biggest selling points. 2. When many Internet users realised that their avatars ________ (see) by many people, not just their friends, they created more than one avatar. 3. It was believed that things ________ (get) worse, but as it is they are getting better. 4. As a child, few people guessed that he ________ (be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 5. The scientists said the world's population ________ (slow) down in future. 6. As you go through the book, you ________ (find) that each of the people who lived through World War II had a different experience. 7. The students want to know whether they ________ (have) dictation today. 8. When I told my cousin that our journey ________ (begin) at an altitude of 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. 9. Could you tell me if it ________ (rain) tomorrow? 10. I knew John ________ (not finish) the work by 5:00 tomorrow afternoon. 【答案】 1. would become 2. would be seen 3. would get 4. would be 5. would slow 6. will find 7. will have 8. would begin 9. will rain 10. would not finish 【解析要点】 第 2 题：过去将来时的被动语态 would be + done。 第 6、7、9 题：主句为现在时（go / want / Could you tell me 表现在的请求），从句仍用一般将来时 will do，这是最易误判之处。 第 10 题：by 5:00 tomorrow afternoon 相对于过去的时间点，用过去将来时。 六、翻译句子（运用本单元词汇与过去将来时） 1. 我们从没想过约翰会成为一名医生。 ___________________________________________________________________ 2. 他说他会考虑我的建议。 ___________________________________________________________________ 3. 在开发应用程序的时候，她很自信她的程序会成功。 ___________________________________________________________________ 4. 她告诉我们如果下雨她就不和我们一起去了。 ___________________________________________________________________ 5. 吉姆下定决心，一旦他换了工作他就买一辆新车。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. We never thought (that) John would become a doctor. 2. He said (that) he would consider my suggestion. 3. When developing the app, she was confident that her programme would be successful. 4. She told us (that) she would not go with us if it rained. 5. Jim made up his mind that he would buy a new car once he changed his job. 七、单元写作训练 请结合本单元“创意个人简介”的写作清单，为自己的网络虚拟形象写一篇 100 词左右的英文个人简介，要求包含：基本信息、性格与兴趣、技术元素、文化元素、交友期待。 【评分要点】 要点齐全（5 分×1 = 5 分）：基本信息、性格兴趣、技术词汇、文化元素、交友期待。 语言准确（10 分）：过去将来时、定语从句、view ... as、a variety of、be addicted to 等本单元结构的正确使用。 语篇连贯（5 分）：恰当使用 in addition、instead of、however 等衔接词。 【答案】 参考范文 My Digital Me Hi there! I'm Li Hua, a 16-year-old student from Hongxing Senior High School. Here is a brief profile of my avatar, "Meng". I'm an outgoing, creative person addicted to information technology. I experiment with a variety of apps in my free time — few people guessed that I would develop a programme of my own one day. However, I never let the digital world replace real friendships. My avatar wears a red hanfu with cloud patterns, which carries a touch of traditional Chinese culture. I view "Meng" as a bridge between Chinese culture and the digital world. I'm looking forward to making friends with those who have a lot in common with me. Let's explore the unknown world together! （约 118 词） 得分评估（满分 20 分） 要点齐全（5 分） ✅ 得 5 分 要点 对应内容 基本信息 Li Hua, a 16-year-old student from Hongxing Senior High School；avatar "Meng" 性格与兴趣 outgoing, creative；experiment with a variety of apps 技术元素 information technology；apps；develop a programme；the digital world 文化元素 a red hanfu with cloud patterns；traditional Chinese culture 交友期待 look forward to making friends；have a lot in common；explore the unknown world 语言准确（10 分） ✅ 得 10 分 定语从句（两处）：a person (who is) addicted to information technology；a red hanfu with cloud patterns, which carries a touch of traditional Chinese culture。 过去将来时：few people guessed that I would develop a programme of my own one day——主句 guessed 为过去时，从句用 would do，时态呼应准确，是本单元语法的直接运用。 view ... as：I view "Meng" as a bridge between Chinese culture and the digital world——单元核心搭配，比喻新颖，是全文最高分的表达。 a variety of：a variety of apps——后接复数名词，用法正确。 be addicted to：addicted to information technology——to 为介词，后接名词，避开"to do"典型错误。 额外加分：replace（no replacement for 的词根）、explore the unknown world 均为本单元词块。 语篇连贯（5 分）✅ 得 5 分 However​ 用于第二段转折，由"沉迷技术"自然过渡到"不替代真实友谊"，体现思辨深度，避免行文平铺直叙。 破折号（—）用于补充递进，比 and 更有节奏变化。 段落之间按"基本信息 → 性格兴趣 → 技术 → 文化 → 交友"推进，逻辑清晰。 总分：20 / 20 亮点句背诵（5 句核心） Here is a brief profile of my avatar, "Meng". （开篇点题，简洁引入话题） I'm an outgoing, creative person addicted to information technology. （性格 + 话题，过去分词作定语） Few people guessed that I would develop a programme of my own one day. （过去将来时，时态呼应亮点） I view "Meng" as a bridge between Chinese culture and the digital world. （view ... as，全文最高分句） Let's explore the unknown world together! （结尾呼吁，呼应单元主题语境） 教学提示 be addicted to 的语义权衡：该词带"沉迷"的轻微贬义，用于个人简介自述时，范文通过 However, I never let the digital world replace real friendships 一句进行"转折自救"，既满足了题目对本单元结构的考查要求，又避免给人负面印象。若追求语义更积极，可替换为 I'm crazy about / keen on information technology，但会丢失一个得分点，课堂讲评时可让学生对比体会。 文化元素是得分区分点：多数学生只写技术与性格，忽略"融合文化元素"这一本单元特有的创意要求。范文用 hanfu、cloud patterns、Chinese culture 三个词块落地，值得重点强调。 词数控制：120 词以内为宜，四段式（基本信息 / 性格技术 / 文化 / 期待）结构最稳妥。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4 Information Technology 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. avatar n.（网络）虚拟形象，头像 2. digital identity n. 数字身份 3. virtual reality n. 虚拟现实（VR） 4. mobile device n. 移动设备 5. instant messenger n. 即时通讯工具 6. smartphone n. 智能手机 7. software n. 软件 8. hardware n. 硬件 9. app / application n. 应用程序 10. broadband n. 宽带 11. cyberbullying n. 网络欺凌 12. identity theft n. 身份盗用 13. user-friendly adj. 用户友好的，易用的 14. self-focused adj. 以自我为中心的 15. 2D (2-dimensional) adj. 二维的 16. shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 17. trivial adj. 琐碎的，微不足道的 18. hairstyle n. 发型，发式 19. selection n. 可供选择之物；选择 20. accommodation n. 住宿，住处 21. goods n. 商品，货物 22. authority n. 权威，专家；当局，官方 23. basis n. 基础，基点 24. percent n. 百分比，百分数 25. brief adj. 简洁的，简明的 26. content n. 内容；目录 27. argument n. 论据，论点；争论 28. series n. 系列，丛书 29. sailor n. 水手，海员 30. location n. 位置，地点 二、写作词汇： 1. enable vt. 使能够，使可能（enable sb. to do sth.） 2. convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 3. convenience n. 方便，便利（for convenience 为了方便） 4. effect n. 影响；效果（have an effect on 对……有影响） 5. effective adj. 有效的，起作用的 6. addicted adj. 上瘾的，沉迷的（be addicted to 沉迷于……） 7. recommend vt. 推荐；建议（recommend doing sth.） 8. recommendation n. 推荐；推荐信 9. explore vt. 探索，探究（explore the unknown world） 10. obviously adv. 显而易见地，明显地 11. personality n. 个性，性格 12. admit vt. 承认；准许进入 13. download vt. 下载 14. indeed adv. 确实，的确 15. image n. 图像；形象 16. variety n. 种类，多样化（a variety of 各种各样的） 17. sensible adj. 明智的，合理的；朴素实用的 18. creativity n. 创造力，独创性 19. creative adj. 有创造力的，创造性的 20. blog n. 博客，网络日志（vi. 写博客） 21. experiment vi./n. 做试验，尝试（experiment with 用……做试验） 22. nowadays adv. 现今，现时 23. type vt. 打字（type in your message 输入信息） 24. concern n./vt. 担忧，关切；与……有关（cause a few concerns） 25. concerned adj. 担心的；关注的（be concerned with 关注） 26. cheat vt./vi. 欺骗，作弊 27. view vt./n. 把……视为；观点，看法（view ... as ...） 28. virtual adj. 虚拟的 29. powerful adj. 效能高的，强有力的 30. latest adj. 最新的，最近的（the latest technology） 31. reality n. 现实，真实（in reality 事实上） 32. ensure vt. 确保，保证（ensure that ...） 33. press vt. 按，压（press the button） 34. favour n. 恩惠，帮忙（do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙） 35. confirm vt. 确认，证实 36. deliver vt. 递送；发表（讲话）；兑现 37. error n. 错误，失误 38. subscribe vi. 订阅，订购（subscribe to a magazine） 39. harm n./vt. 伤害，损害（do harm to 对……有害） 40. harmful adj. 有害的（be harmful to） 41. replace vt. 取代，接替；更换（replace A with B） 42. replacement n. 替代，替代品（no replacement for 无法替代……） 43. hug n./vt. 拥抱 44. concentrate vi. 专注，集中注意力（concentrate on 专注于） 45. rewarding adj. 有益的，值得做的（a rewarding experience） 46. addition n. 增加；此外（in addition 此外） 47. opinion n. 意见，看法（in my opinion 在我看来） 48. focus vi./n. 关注，集中；焦点（focus on 关注） 49. maintain vt. 维持，保持（maintain healthy relationships） 50. amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的（at an amazing speed 以惊人的速度） 三、词汇变形： 1. enable（动词，使能够，使可能）→able（形容词，有能力的） 2. effect（名词，影响；效果）→affect（动词，影响，使感动） 3. effective（形容词，有效的，起作用的）→effectively（副词，有效地） 4. recommend（动词，推荐；建议）→recommendation（名词，推荐；推荐信） 5. explore（动词，探索，探究）→exploration（名词，探索，探究） 6. obvious（形容词，明显的，显而易见的）→obviously（副词，显而易见地，明显地） 7. create（动词，创造，创作）→creative（形容词，有创造力的，创造性的）→creativity（名词，创造力，独创性） 8. vary（动词，变化，不同）→various（形容词，各种各样的）→variety（名词，种类，多样化） 9. select（动词，选择，挑选）→selection（名词，选择；可供选择之物） 10. identity（名词，身份；特性）→identify（动词，识别，确认） 11. real（形容词，真实的，实际的）→reality（名词，现实，真实情况） 12. sure（形容词，确定的，确信的）→ensure（动词，确保，保证） 13. reward（名词，奖励，回报；动词，奖励）→rewarding（形容词，有益的，值得做的） 14. harm（名词，伤害，损害；动词，伤害）→harmful（形容词，有害的）→harmless（形容词，无害的） 15. limit（动词/名词，限制，限定）→limited（形容词，有限的）→limiting（形容词，局限的，限制性的） 16. concentrate（动词，专注，专心；集中）→concentration（名词，专注，集中） 17. addict（动词，使上瘾，使入迷）→addicted（形容词，上瘾的，沉迷的）→addiction（名词，瘾，入迷） 18. deliver（动词，递送，传送；发表）→delivery（名词，递送，交付） 19. confirm（动词，确认，证实）→confirmation（名词，确认，证实） 20. press（动词，按，压；催促）→pressure（名词，压力） 21. imagine（动词，想象，设想）→imagination（名词，想象力）→imaginary（形容词，想象中的，虚构的） 22. amaze（动词，使惊奇，使惊叹）→amazing（形容词，惊人的，了不起的）→amazed（形容词，感到惊奇的） 23. argue（动词，争论，论证）→argument（名词，论据，论点；争论） 24. maintain（动词，维持，保持；坚称）→maintenance（名词，维持，维修） 25. replace（动词，取代，接替；更换）→replacement（名词，替代；替代品） 26. concern（名词/动词，担忧，关切；与……有关）→concerned（形容词，担心的；关注的） 27. brief（形容词，简洁的，简明的）→briefly（副词，简要地，简短地） 28. sense（名词，感觉；判断力）→sensible（形容词，明智的，合理的）→sensitive（形容词，敏感的） 29. type（动词/名词，打字；类型，种类）→typist（名词，打字员）→typical（形容词，典型的） 30. subscribe（动词，订阅，订购；同意）→subscriber（名词，订阅人，订户）→subscription（名词，订阅；订阅费） 四、拓展词汇 1. privacy n. 隐私；私密，独处 2. security n. 安全，治安；保安措施 secure adj. 安全的，可靠的 securely adv. 安全地 3. acquaintance n. 熟人，相识的人；了解，认识 4. cyberbullying n. 网络欺凌，网络霸凌 5. stalking n. 跟踪骚扰，盯梢 6. vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的，脆弱的，易受攻击的 7. productivity n. 生产力，生产效率 8. drawback n. 缺点，弊端，不利条件 9. enhance vt. 提高，增强，增进 10. immoral adj. 不道德的，邪恶的 11. tension n. 紧张，焦虑；紧张关系，矛盾 12. participant n. 参与者，参加者 participate vi. 参加，参与 participation n. 参与，参加 13. campaign n. （社会性、政治性）运动，活动 14. digital adj. 数字的，数码的，数字化的 15. accessible adj. 可使用的，可接近的，易懂的 access n. 通道，入口；使用权，接触机会 16. technological adj. 技术的，科技的，工艺的 technology n. 技术，科技 17. dependence n. 依赖，依靠，成瘾 dependent adj. 依赖的，依靠的 18. independence n. 独立，自主 independent adj. 独立的，自主的 19. wearable adj. 可穿戴的，适于穿戴的 wearable technology 可穿戴技术 20. emoji n. 表情符号，绘文字 五、熟词生义 1. book：熟义=书；书籍；生义=预订；预约（动词，book tickets 订票） 2. order：熟义=命令；顺序；生义=订单；订购（名词／动词，place an order 下单） 3. post：熟义=邮寄；岗位；生义=发布；发帖（动词，post updates 发布动态） 4. button：熟义=纽扣；扣子；生义=按钮；按键（press the button 按按钮） 5. tablet：熟义=药片；片剂；生义=平板电脑 6. application：熟义=申请；申请书；生义=应用程序；应用软件（缩写为 app） 7. block：熟义=块；街区；大楼；生义=屏蔽；封锁；阻止（动词） 8. shallow：熟义=浅的；不深的（指水）生义=肤浅的；浅薄的（指内容、观点） 9. argument：熟义=争论；争吵；生义=论据；论点；理由 10. figure：熟义=数字；身材；图形；生义=弄明白；搞清楚（动词，figure out） 11. authority：熟义=权力；权威；生义=专家；泰斗（an authority on）／当局；官方 12. light：熟义=光；光线；灯；生义=角度；眼光（in a positive light 以积极的眼光） 13. track：熟义=踪迹；足迹；轨道；生义=记录；跟踪；了解动态（keep track of） 14. sign up：熟义=签名；签字；生义=报名（参加）；注册（账户） 15. deliver：熟义=递送；传送（货物、信件）；生义=发表（讲话）；履行（诺言） 16. maintain：熟义=维持；保持；生义=坚称；坚持说／维修；保养 17. favour：熟义=恩惠；帮忙；生义=支持；赞成（in favour of）／偏爱（动词） 18. type：熟义=类型；种类；生义=打字（动词，type in your message 输入信息） 19. view：熟义=观点；景色；视野；生义=把……视为；看待（动词，view ... as ...） 20. concern：熟义=担忧；忧虑（名词）；生义=与……有关；涉及／使担忧（动词） 写作 句型 句式1 出处： Lesson 1 · Avatars 原句： Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. 结构分析： · 主句：very few people knew · that 引导宾语从句：that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses · 从句谓语用过去将来时 would have（主句 knew 为过去时，从句表"过去的将来"） · 核心词块：a wide variety of + 复数名词（各种各样的……） · 整体为"主句过去时 + that 宾语从句（过去将来时）"结构，适用于叙述某一事物后来的发展变化，是记叙文与说明文中的"回顾式"表达。 译文： 然而，当时很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有如此多种多样的形式和用途。 句式2 出处： Lesson 1 · Avatars 原句： When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. 结构分析： · When 引导时间状语从句：When people started creating their own avatars · 主句：they discovered · that 引导宾语从句：that they were going to have the power to create new identities · that 引导定语从句：that did not look or act like their real selves at all（修饰 identities） · 核心词块：have the power to do sth.（有能力做某事）；not ... at all（一点也不） · 整体为"时间状语从句 + 主句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句"三层嵌套，适用于描写某一行为带来的新发现或新变化。 译文： 当人们开始创建自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创造出与真实自我在外表和行为上完全不同的新身份。 句式3 出处： Lesson 3 · Internet and Friendships 原句： Friendships are built on the basis of trust, and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. 结构分析： · 并列连词 and 连接两个分句 · 分句一：Friendships are built on the basis of trust（被动语态 + on the basis of） · 分句二：you can never be 100 percent sure that ... · that 引导宾语从句：that the people ... are being honest about who they are · 定语从句：you are chatting to（省略关系词，修饰 the people） · 介词宾语从句：about who they are · 核心词块：on the basis of（在……基础上）；be sure that ...（确信……）；be honest about（对……坦诚） · 整体为"被动陈述 + 转折/递进 + 多层从句"结构，适用于议论文的立论与质疑，表达"表面如此、实则未必"的批判性观点。 译文： 友谊建立在信任的基础之上，而通过网络交流，你永远无法百分之百确定与你聊天的人是否如实展现了真实的自己。 句式4 出处： Lesson 3 · Internet and Friendships 原句： Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact — images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug. 结构分析： · 动名词短语作主语：Talking online · 系表结构：is no replacement for face-to-face contact · 破折号后为补充说明分句：images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug · 核心词块：no replacement for（无法替代……）；replace A with B（用 B 替换 A） · 整体为"动名词作主语 + 否定判断 + 破折号补证"结构，适用于议论文中先亮明观点再补强论证，是"反驳对方观点"的高分句式。 译文： 网上交谈无法替代面对面的接触——图像真的无法替代现实生活中的一个微笑或一次拥抱。 句式5 出处： Lesson 3 · Internet and Friendships 原句： In my opinion, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. 结构分析： · 评注性状语开篇：In my opinion（在我看来） · 谓语 + 并列对比结构：should focus more on ... , and less on ...（更多地……，更少地……） · 第二句总结：This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships · 核心词块：focus on（关注）；more ... and less ...（更多……更少……）；the best way to do sth.（做某事的最佳方式）；maintain healthy relationships（维持健康的关系） · 整体为"亮明观点 + 对比取舍 + 总结建议"结构，适用于议论文结尾段提出个人主张与解决建议，是本单元写作最实用的收束句式。 译文： 在我看来，朋友们应该更多地进行面对面交流，减少网络交流。这是维持健康关系的最佳方式。 语法 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某一时刻看将要发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的将来"。 过去将来时的构成是：主语+would+动词原形 / 主语+was (were) going to+动词原形。 难点提示： 1. 过去将来的基本结构 肯定句：主语+would+动词原形 / 主语+was (were) going to+动词原形 否定句：主语+would not+动词原形 / 主语+was (were) not going to+动词原形 疑问句：Would+主语+动词原形 / Was (Were)+主语+going to+动词原形 被动语态：主语+would be+动词过去分词 / 主语+was (were) going to be+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去将来时，"将来"的时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：He told me that the meeting would be held the next Monday. （"the next Monday"为过去将来的时间状语） 例2：When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities. 例3：Few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. 3. 过去将来时和一般将来时体现的时间参照点不同。比较下列句子： He says he will buy a computer. （现在说，参照点是现在，用一般将来时）他说他要买一台电脑。 He said he would buy a computer. （过去说，参照点是过去，用过去将来时）他说过他要买一台电脑。 4. would 用于过去将来时和表示过去习惯性动作时含义不同。比较下列句子： He said he would raise the question at the meeting. （过去将来，表示"要在会上提出"）他说他要在会上提出这个问题。 When I was small, my mum would read me stories at night. （过去习惯，相当于 used to，表示"过去常常"）我小时候，妈妈总在晚上给我读故事。 补充说明（对应难点提示 1 的三种常见形式，教师讲解时可展开）： 形式 含义 例句 would do 从过去看将要发生 He said he would come. was / were going to do 按计划、安排即将发生；或据当时情况判断可能发生 It seemed as if it was going to rain. was / were about to do 正要、马上就要发生（不可与 tomorrow、next week 等具体时间状语连用） The train was about to leave. 判断口诀：主句谓语是过去时（said / told / thought / knew / believed / promised / was confident 等），宾语从句里说"将来"，一律用过去将来时，不可用 will 或 is going to。 需要我把这段替换进 Word 知识清单的"六、核心语法精讲"部分吗？目前文档里那版是表格化的，这一版与你给的过去完成时模板完全一致，替换后体例更统一。 写作 邀请邮件（应用文） 题目 假定你是红星中学高一学生李华。你们学校即将举办主题为"未来已来（The Future is Here）"的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友 Jim 参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 活动安排（时间、地点等）； 2. 活动内容。 【参考范文】 Dear Jim, How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist, and I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】 本文是一封邀请类电子邮件。作者以李华的身份向国际部好友 Jim 发出邀请，开篇问候并点明写信目的，第二段交代活动的时间、地点与具体内容，结尾说明邀请理由并表达期待回复。语气亲切而得体，覆盖全部写作要点。 【详解】 1. I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". 开篇直接说明写信目的，I'm writing to ... 是邀请信、申请信的标准开头句式；whose 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 festival，交代活动主题，一句话同时完成"点题 + 补充说明"。 2. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. 被动语态交代活动安排，先说地点再说时间；多个时间、地点并列时英文语序由小到大（in the school hall → next Friday），中文则相反，需注意差异。补充规范表达建议：也可用主动句式 The festival will take place in the school hall ... 避免被动语态堆砌。 3. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. 现在分词短语 ranging from ... to ... 作伴随状语，具体展开活动内容，是本单元"总述 + 举例"表达的高分写法；a variety of 后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 4. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist, and I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. deliver a lecture 为 deliver 的"熟词生义"用法（发表讲话）；I'm convinced (that) ... 意为"我确信……"，用对方视角强化邀请的吸引力，比 I think 更正式。 5. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. since 引导原因状语从句，说明邀请理由，使邀请更有针对性；be crazy about 与 be addicted to 近义，但感情色彩更积极，适合此处语境。 【点睛】 ① 要点齐全，逻辑清晰，依次交代写信目的、活动安排（时间、地点）、活动内容与期待回复； ② 灵活运用 whose 引导的定语从句、现在分词作状语、被动语态等结构，句式丰富而不啰嗦； ③ 语气把握得当：对好友用 How is everything going?、I'm sure 等亲切表达，同时用 I'm writing to invite you to ...、at your earliest convenience 保持书信的正式与礼貌； ④ 积累短语：be held / take place 举行；a variety of 各种各样的；range from ... to ... 从……到……不等；deliver a lecture 发表演讲；be crazy about 着迷于；at one's earliest convenience 尽早。 一、知识点精讲 1. enable 教材原句：The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds. 参考译文：这款软件让你几秒钟内就能接入互联网。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to make it possible for sb to do or experience sth 使能够，使可能 例句印证： Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐能让我们感到放松。 【积累拓展】 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事（不接 to doing） able adj. 有能力的 → be able to do；ability n. 能力 反义：disable vt. 使丧失能力；disabled adj. 有残疾的 2. effect 教材原句：I have been taking these pills for three days, but so far they have had no effect. 参考译文：我已经服了三天这些药，但至今没有任何效果。 【双语释义】 ◆n. a change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else 影响；效果 ◆n. （补充）a particular look, sound etc. that is deliberately created （刻意制造的）效果 例句印证： Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion. 广告往往是最有效的促销手段。 In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media has an effect on teenagers. 此外，社交媒体上发布的大量内容对青少年有影响。 【积累拓展】 have an effect / impact / influence on 对……有影响 side effect 副作用；take effect 生效；in effect 实际上 易混：effect n. 影响（名词）／affect vt. 影响（动词） effective adj. 有效的；effectively adv. 有效地 3. recommend 教材原句：The first strategy that we recommend is understanding the passage as a whole. 参考译文：我们推荐的第一条策略是从整体上理解文章。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to tell sb that sth is good or useful, or to suggest sb/sth for a particular purpose 推荐，介绍 ◆vt. to advise sb to do sth 建议，劝告 例句印证： I bought this magazine on the recommendation of a friend. 我是经朋友推荐买的这本杂志。 I recommend that you (should) set up an account first. 我建议你先创建一个账户。 【积累拓展】 recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物；recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend that sb. (should) do 建议某人做（从句用虚拟语气） recommendation n. 推荐；推荐信 4. explore 教材原句：They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. 参考译文：他们渴望探索宇宙、发现宇宙的真谛。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to examine sth in order to find out more about it 探索，探究 ◆vt. to travel around an area in order to learn about it 勘探，考察 例句印证： These ideas will be explored in more detail in Chapter 7. 这些观点将在第七章进行详细探讨。 【积累拓展】 explore the unknown world 探索未知世界 exploration n. 探索；explorer n. 探险者，勘探者 5. obviously 教材原句：Obviously, it is China that is getting more and more powerful. 参考译文：显而易见，中国正变得越来越强大。 【双语释义】 ◆adv. used to mean that sth is easy to see or understand 显而易见地，明显地 例句印证： The character was obviously wrong but he didn't pick it out. 这个字符明显是错的，但他没有挑出来。 【积累拓展】 obvious adj. 明显的 → It is obvious that ... 显然…… 评注性状语：Obviously, ... / Clearly, ... 常用于议论文表明立场 6. view 教材原句：However, other users view avatars in a more positive light. 参考译文：不过，也有用户以更积极的眼光看待虚拟形象。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to think about sb/sth in a particular way （以某种方式）看，把……视为 ◆n. what you think or believe about sth 观点，看法 ◆n. what you are able to see from a place; a scene 视野；景色 例句印证： People in Asia may view silence as a sign of respect. 亚洲人可能把沉默视为一种尊敬。 In my view, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. 在我看来，朋友们应该更多地进行面对面的交流。 【积累拓展】 view ... as ... 把……视为……（被动：be viewed as） in one's view / in my opinion 在我看来；in full view of 在……众目睽睽之下 view ... in a positive light 以积极的眼光看待…… viewer n. 观看者，观众 7. concentrate 教材原句：Young children have a limited attention span and can't concentrate on one activity for very long. 参考译文：幼儿注意力持续时间有限，无法长时间专注于一项活动。 【双语释义】 ◆vi. / vt. to give all your attention to sth and not think about anything else 专注，专心；集中（注意力） 例句印证： I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise. 这么吵我无法专心工作。 【积累拓展】 concentrate on (doing) sth. 专注于（做）某事 同义：focus on；be focused on；pay attention to concentration n. 专注，集中 8. reward / rewarding 教材原句：Teaching can be a very rewarding career. It allows teachers to have an input in the development of young lives. 参考译文：教书可以是一项非常有意义的事业，它让教师能够参与年轻生命的成长。 【双语释义】 ◆rewarding adj. worth doing; that makes you happy because you think it is useful or important 有益的，值得做的 ◆rewarding adj. producing a lot of money 报酬高的 ◆reward n. a thing that you are given for doing sth good 奖励，回报 例句印证： There's nothing more rewarding than putting smiles on the faces around you. 没有什么比让你身边的人露出笑容更有意义了。 Users are rewarded for achieving goals in the app. 用户在应用中因达成目标而获得奖励。 【积累拓展】 a rewarding experience / career 一次有益的经历／一份有意义的事业 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而奖励某人 as a reward for 作为对……的奖励 9. deliver 教材原句：Well, according to my records, Ms Smith, your order was delivered last week. 参考译文：嗯，根据我的记录，史密斯女士，您的订单上周已经送达了。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to take goods, letters, etc. to the person they have been sent to 递送，传送，交付 ◆vt. to give a speech, talk, etc. 发表（讲话），宣布 ◆vt. to do what you promised to do 履行诺言，兑现 例句印证： They insisted that I deliver a speech at the meeting. 他们坚持要我在会上发言。 We promise to deliver within 48 hours. 我们承诺 48 小时内送达。 【积累拓展】 deliver goods / letters 送货／送信；deliver a speech / lecture 发表演讲 deliver on one's promises 履行诺言 delivery n. 递送；交付；分娩 10. sensible 教材原句：...they started having more than one avatar: a sensible one for work; a friendly, good-looking one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun. 参考译文：……他们开始拥有不止一个虚拟形象：工作时用一个稳重得体的，交友时用一个友善好看的，娱乐时用一个搞怪的。 【双语释义】 ◆adj. reasonable, practical, and showing good judgment 明智的，合理的，有判断力的 ◆adj. suitable for a particular purpose, and practical rather than fashionable 适当的，朴素实用的 例句印证： It's sensible to keep a note of your passport number. 把护照号码记下来是明智的做法。 【积累拓展】 a sensible decision / choice 明智的决定／选择；sensible shoes 朴素实用的鞋 sense n. 感觉；判断力 → a sense of humour / direction 易混：sensible 明智的；sensitive 敏感的 11. experiment 教材原句：They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot, perhaps, about what they want to look like. 参考译文：他们还会尝试不同的发型之类的东西——这或许在很大程度上说明了他们想成为什么样子。 【双语释义】 ◆vi. to try using various ideas, methods etc. to find out how good or effective they are 试验，试用 ◆vi. to do a scientific test 做实验，进行试验 ◆n. a scientific test done in order to study what happens 实验，试验 例句印证： In 1857, Mendel started experimenting with peas in his garden. 1857 年，孟德尔开始在花园里用豌豆做实验。 The astronauts are carrying out a series of experiments. 宇航员们正在进行一系列实验。 【积累拓展】 experiment with / on sth. 用……做试验 do / perform / conduct an experiment 做实验 experimental adj. 实验性的；experimenter n. 实验者 12. concern / concerned 教材原句：The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. 参考译文：虚拟形象的使用也引发了一些担忧。 【双语释义】 ◆concern n. a feeling of worry 忧虑，担心，关切 ◆concern vt. to be about sth 与……有关，涉及；to worry sb 使担忧 ◆concerned adj. worried and feeling concern about sth 担心的；interested in sth 关注的，关切的 例句印证： The report expressed concern about continuing high unemployment. 这份报告表达了对持续高失业率的担忧。 Instead of having proper conversations, some people are only concerned with their online popularity. 有些人不再进行正常的交流，只关注自己在网络上的受欢迎程度。 【积累拓展】 cause a few concerns 引起一些担忧；express concern about / for 表达对……的担忧 be concerned about 担心……；be concerned with 关注／涉及…… as far as sb. is concerned 就某人而言；concerning prep. 关于 13. replace 教材原句：Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact—images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug. 参考译文：首先，网上交谈无法替代面对面的接触——图像真的无法替代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to be used instead of sb/sth else 取代，代替 ◆vt. to remove sb/sth and put another in their place （用……）替换，接替 ◆vt. to change sth old or damaged for a newer or better one 更换，更新 例句印证： Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom. 课堂上的教师永远不会被电脑取代。 It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 不吃饭而用零食代替并不是好主意。 【积累拓展】 replace A with / by B 用 B 替换 A no replacement for 无法替代……；a replacement for ……的替代品 replacement n. 替代，替代品 14. maintain 教材原句：Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. 参考译文：朋友们应该更多地进行面对面交流，减少网络交流。这是维持健康关系的最佳方式。 【双语释义】 ◆vt. to make sth continue at the same level or standard 维持，保持 ◆vt. to say firmly that sth is true 坚称，坚持说 ◆vt. to keep sth in good condition 维修，保养 例句印证： Career officers maintain contact with young people when they have left school. 就业指导人员在年轻人离校后仍与他们保持联系。 The company is responsible for maintaining public telephone boxes. 这家公司负责维护公用电话亭。 【积累拓展】 maintain healthy relationships 维持健康的关系；maintain contact with 与……保持联系 同义：stay in touch with；keep up maintenance n. 维持，维修 15. subscribe 教材原句：To learn English, I have to subscribe to some magazines. 参考译文：为了学英语，我得订阅一些杂志。 【双语释义】 ◆vi. to pay an amount of money regularly in order to receive or use sth 定期订购（订阅） ◆vi. to pay money regularly to support an organisation or a charity 定期捐助，成为会员 ◆vi. to agree with an idea or opinion 同意，赞成（观点） 例句印证： My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science. 我订阅《新科学家》的主要原因是要跟上科学进展。 【积累拓展】 subscribe to a magazine / newspaper / channel 订阅杂志／报纸／频道 subscribe to an idea / view 赞同一个观点 subscriber n. 订阅人，订户；subscription n. 订阅（费） 16. favour 教材原句：Can you do me a favour and find out what's going on? 参考译文：你能帮我个忙，去看看发生了什么事吗？ 【双语释义】 ◆n. a thing that you do to help sb 帮助，恩惠，好事 ◆n. approval or support for sb/sth 赞同，支持 ◆vt. to prefer one system, plan or way of doing sth to another 偏爱，支持 例句印证： I'm all in favour of equal pay for equal work. 我完全赞成同工同酬。 She helps me out when I have too much to do, and I do her a favour when I can. 我忙不过来时她帮我分担，我有能力时也帮她。 【积累拓展】 do sb. a favour = do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙 ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙；in favour of 支持，赞成 in one's favour 对某人有利；favourable adj. 有利的，赞成的 17. addicted 教材原句：Many companies have blocked social networks as addicted employees can distract themselves on such sites. 参考译文：许多公司屏蔽了社交网络，因为上瘾的员工会在这些网站上分散注意力。 【双语释义】 ◆adj. unable to stop taking or using sth as a habit 上瘾的，成瘾的，沉迷的 例句印证： If you are addicted to coffee, it is difficult to quit it completely. 如果你对咖啡上瘾，就很难完全戒掉。 We never thought John would be addicted to computer games. 我们从没想过约翰会沉迷于电脑游戏。 【积累拓展】 be addicted to (doing) sth. 沉迷于（做）某事（to 是介词！） addict n. 上瘾者；addiction n. 瘾，入迷；addictive adj. 使人上瘾的 二、核心语法精讲 1. 形式、意义与用法 过去将来时表示“从过去某一时刻看将要发生的事情”，即“过去的将来”。它常用于宾语从句、间接引语以及叙述性的语篇中。 2. 基本构成（以及物动词 do 为例） 时态 主动形式 被动形式 示例 一般将来时 will do will be done He says he will buy a computer. / The job will be done on time. 过去将来时 would do would be done He said he would buy a computer. / He said the job would be done on time. 过去将来时 was / were going to do was / were going to be done She said she was going to start at once. / He told me when it was going to be done. 过去将来时 was / were about to do — The attendant said that the train was about to leave. 过去将来时 was / were to do was / were to be done They said the meeting was to be held the next Monday. 3. 难点提示 ① was / were going to do：既可表示“按计划或安排即将发生”，也可表示“根据当时情况判断有可能发生（但不一定发生）”。例：It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。 ② was / were about to do：表示“正要／马上就要发生”，不可与具体的时间状语（如 tomorrow, next week）连用。例：The train was about to leave. 火车马上就要开了。 ③ would do 除表示过去将来，还可表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”（相当于 used to do），需根据语境判断： · He said he would raise the question at the meeting.（过去将来：他要在会上提出这个问题） · When I was small, my mum would read me stories at night.（过去习惯：我小时候，妈妈总在晚上给我读故事） ④ 时态呼应：主句谓语为过去时（said / told / thought / knew / believed / was confident / promised / planned 等）时，宾语从句中表示“将来”须用过去将来时，不可用 will / is going to。 ⑤ 判断标志词：the next day / the next week / the following month / soon / in future / tomorrow（直接引语转间接引语时 tomorrow → the next day）等。 4. 教材原句印证 句子 结构 译文 Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. would do 然而，当时很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有如此多种多样的形式和用途。 When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities... was / were going to do 当人们开始创建自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将拥有创造新身份的能力…… It was believed that things would get worse, but as it is they are getting better. would do（被动主句） 人们原以为情况会变得更糟，但实际上正在好转。 As a child, few people guessed that he would be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. would do 小时候，几乎没人料到他会成为一位用理论改变世界的著名科学家。 The scientists said the world's population would slow down in future. would do 科学家们说世界人口在未来会放缓增长。 5. 即学即练（教师版附答案） 1. Alicia was confident that her first app ________ (become) one of the biggest selling points. 2. When many Internet users realised that their avatars ________ (see) by many people, they created more than one avatar. 3. I knew John ________ (not finish) the work by 5:00 tomorrow afternoon. 4. She told us that she ________ (not go) with us if it rained. 5. Jim made up his mind that he ________ (buy) a new car once he changed his job. 三、单元写作清单 Unit 4 应用文：科技节邀请邮件 1. 话题分析 话题内容：邀请国际部好友 Jim 参加学校科技节（主题"未来已来 The Future is Here"） 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术（信息技术与校园活动） 文体类型：应用文——邀请信（电子邮件） 写作要点： · 发出邀请（参加科技节） · 告知具体安排（时间、地点、主题、活动内容） · 说明邀请理由（对方爱好）并期待回复 语体提示：收件人是好友，语气亲切自然；但作为正式邀请信，仍需使用 I'm writing to invite you to ...、at your earliest convenience 等得体表达。 2. 写作框架 第一段：开篇点题 · 功能：问候 + 写信目的 + 活动主题 · 核心句式：How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". 第二段：正文展开 · 功能：交代时间地点 + 展开活动内容 + 亮点补充 · 核心句式： · The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. · A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. · In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist. 第三段：结尾收束 · 功能：说明邀请理由 + 表达信心 + 期待回复 · 核心句式： · Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. · I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 3. 写作素材 3.1 开篇句（问候 + 写信目的） 1. How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to ... 2. How have you been? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival. 3. I'm writing on behalf of the Student Union to invite you to ... 4. I would like to invite you to attend the Science and Technology Festival to be held in our school. 5. Knowing that you are keen on information technology, I'm writing to invite you to ... 3.2 活动安排句（时间、地点、主题） 1. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. 2. The event is scheduled to take place in the Lecture Hall from 2 to 5 p.m. this Friday. 3. The festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here", will last three days. 4. As planned, the opening ceremony will begin at 9 a.m. next Friday in the playground. 3.3 活动内容句（本单元亮点：分词作状语） 1. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. 2. There will be a wide range of activities, including app design shows and 3D printing workshops. 3. You can experiment with the latest mobile devices and explore a 360-degree 3D digital world. 4. A lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist. 5. Students will present their own apps, which enables them to share creative ideas with others. 3.4 邀请理由句（针对收件人特点） 1. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. 2. Knowing that you have a keen interest in information technology, I believe the festival will appeal to you. 3. As a tech lover, you will definitely be impressed by the latest technology on show. 4. It is a golden chance for you to explore the unknown world of science and technology. 3.5 表达信心句（强化吸引力） 1. I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. 2. I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. 3. It will be a rewarding experience that you will never forget. 4. I bet you will find the festival both meaningful and entertaining. 3.6 结尾句（感谢与期待回复） 1. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 2. We would appreciate your timely reply. 3. Thank you for your time and I hope to hear from you soon. 4. Please let me know whether you can make it as soon as possible. 3.7 常用短语积累 · be held / take place：举行，举办 · a variety of / a wide range of：各种各样的 · range from ... to ...：从……到……不等 · deliver a lecture：发表演讲（deliver 的熟词生义） · the latest technology：最新技术 · be crazy about / be keen on：着迷于，热衷于 · enable sb. to do sth.：使某人能够做某事 · be convinced that ...：确信…… · at one's earliest convenience：尽早 · on behalf of：代表 · look forward to：期待 · have an amazing time：玩得开心 · sign up for：报名参加 4. 范文背诵 题目：假定你是红星中学高一学生李华。你们学校即将举办主题为"未来已来（The Future is Here）"的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友 Jim 参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 活动安排（时间、地点等）；2. 活动内容。 Dear Jim, How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist, and I'm convinced you won't want to miss it. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours, Li Hua 背诵重点句（5 句核心）： 1. I'm writing to invite you to our school's Science and Technology Festival, whose theme is "The Future is Here". （开篇点题：写信目的 + 活动主题） 2. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. next Friday. （活动安排：地点 + 时间） 3. A variety of activities have been organised, ranging from a virtual reality experience to a robot design competition. （活动内容：总述 + 举例） 4. In addition, a lecture on the latest technology will be delivered by a famous scientist. （亮点补充：deliver 熟词生义 + 被动语态） 5. Since you are crazy about everything digital, I'm sure you will have an amazing time there. （邀请理由：针对性说服） 5. 变式场景拓展 变式场景 邀请角色 可替换的核心词块 科技节 → Jim（本单元原题） participant 参与者 a variety of activities；the latest technology；virtual reality 科技节 → 邀请专家做讲座 guest speaker 演讲嘉宾 deliver a lecture；an authority on information technology 机器人比赛 → 邀请外教当评委 judge 评委 grade the performances；give comments on 校园 APP 设计大赛 → 邀请评委 judge 评委 develop an app；creative ideas；user-friendly design 网络安全讲座 → 邀请警官主讲 guest speaker 主讲嘉宾 online safety；protect our privacy；avoid cyberbullying 编程社团招新 → 邀请好友加入 new member 新成员 sign up for；set up an account；have a lot in common 数字敦煌图片展 → 邀请参观 visitor 参观者 a 360-degree 3D digital projection；make the art accessible 英语科技节志愿服务 → 招募志愿者 volunteer 志愿者 be responsible for；be skilled at；do sb a favour 线上学习经验分享会 → 邀请发言 guest speaker 发言人 online learning；enable better communication；focus on 校园文化节 → 邀请表演嘉宾 performer 表演嘉宾 traditional Chinese culture；a touch of Chinese style 易错点01 be addicted to 中的 to 是介词 【一句话辨异】He is addicted to playing computer games, and it is hard for him to focus on his study. 他沉迷于玩电脑游戏，很难集中精力学习。 【错因辨析】 1. be addicted to 中 to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词（-ing），不能接动词原形。 · ✅ He is addicted to online games. ❌ He is addicted to play online games. 2. 同类“介词 to”结构一并记忆：look forward to doing；be used to doing；devote ... to doing；object to doing；pay attention to doing；adapt to doing。 3. 词族：addict n. 上瘾者；addicted adj. 上瘾的；addiction n. 瘾；addictive adj. 使人上瘾的。 【对点训练】 The moment he got home, the boy found himself ______ to the new app on his mobile device. A. addict B. addicted C. addicting D. to addict 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 be addicted to 的用法。find oneself addicted to ... 表示“发现自己沉迷于……”，addicted 为形容词，to 是介词，后接 the new app。A 为动词原形／名词，C 形式错误，D 不定式不能作宾语补足语，故选 B。 易错点02 a variety of 与 the variety of 的主谓一致 【一句话辨异】A variety of apps have been developed for language learning, and the variety of their functions is amazing. 各种各样的语言学习应用程序已被开发出来，其功能的多样性令人惊叹。 【错因辨析】 1. a variety of + 复数名词：意为“各种各样的”，中心词是后面的复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 · A variety of avatars are available on the website.（谓语用 are） 2. the variety of + 复数名词：意为“……的多样性”，中心词是 variety（单数），谓语动词用单数。 · The variety of the avatars is amazing.（谓语用 is） 3. 区分口诀：a variety of 看后面（复数），the variety of 看前面（单数）。 4. 同义表达：varieties of + 复数名词；various + 复数名词（various 为形容词）。 【对点训练】 A variety of digital devices ______ used in class nowadays, but the variety of the problems they bring ______ also worth our attention. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查主谓一致。第一空主语中心词为 devices（a variety of + 复数名词），谓语用复数 are；第二空主语中心词为 the variety（单数），谓语用单数 is，故选 C。 易错点03 effect / affect / effective 的混用 【一句话辨异】Social media has a great effect on our daily life, and it affects the way we communicate with each other. 社交媒体对我们的日常生活有很大影响，并影响我们彼此交流的方式。 【错因辨析】 1. effect 作名词，意为“影响，效果”：have an effect on 对……有影响。 2. affect 作及物动词，意为“影响，使感动”：Smoking affects our health. 3. effective 为形容词，意为“有效的”；effectively 为副词，意为“有效地”。 4. 常见搭配：side effect 副作用；take effect 生效；in effect 实际上。 5. 易错提醒：不要把 effect 当动词用，也不要把 affect 当名词用。 【对点训练】 The new policy will ______ the way we use mobile devices, and its ______ will be seen within months. A. effect; affect B. affect; effect C. effect; effect D. affect; affect 【答案】B 【解析】第一空缺少谓语动词，用及物动词 affect（影响）；第二空位于形容词性物主代词 its 之后，用名词 effect（影响，效果），故选 B。 易错点04 过去将来时三种形式的辨析 【一句话辨异】He said he would attend the meeting, and when I saw him he was about to leave for it. 他说他会去参加会议，而我看到他时他正要动身前往。 【错因辨析】 1. would do：从过去看将来要发生的事；也可表示过去的习惯性动作（= used to do）。 2. was / were going to do：按计划、安排即将发生；或根据当时情况判断可能发生。 3. was / were about to do：正要、马上就要发生，不可与 tomorrow、next week 等具体时间状语连用。 4. 时态呼应：主句为过去时，宾语从句中用过去将来时，不可用 will / is going to。 · ❌ He said he will come. ✅ He said he would come. 【对点训练】 The attendant said that the train ______ leave, so we had to get on it immediately. A. would B. was about to C. was going D. will 【答案】B 【解析】由后半句“我们不得不立刻上车”可知火车“马上就要开”，用 was about to do 表示即将发生；主句 said 为过去时，排除 D；A 只表过去将来，不如 B 贴切；C 结构不完整，故选 B。 易错点05 instead of 后接名词或动名词 【一句话辨异】Instead of having proper conversations with their friends, some people are only concerned with their online popularity. 有些人不再与朋友进行正常的交流，只关注自己在网上的受欢迎程度。 【错因辨析】 1. instead of 是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词（-ing），不接动词原形或不定式。 · ✅ Instead of texting, he called me. ❌ Instead of text / to text, he called me. 2. instead 是副词，意为“反而，代替”，单独使用，常用于句首或句末，后面不接宾语。 · He didn't reply online. Instead, he came to see me in person. 3. 区分口诀：instead of 有宾语（介词），instead 无宾语（副词）。 【对点训练】 ______ staying in touch with friends online all day, we should focus more on face-to-face communication. A. Instead B. Instead of C. In addition D. In addition to 【答案】B 【解析】空格后为动名词短语 staying in touch ...，需用介词短语 instead of（而不是）；instead 为副词，不能接宾语；C、D 表“此外（还）”，与句意“而不是”不符，故选 B。 易错点06 view ... as 与 be viewed as 的固定搭配 【一句话辨异】My avatar is viewed as a bridge between Chinese culture and the digital world. 我的虚拟形象被视为中国文化与现代数字世界之间的一座桥梁。 【错因辨析】 1. view ... as ... 意为“把……视为……”，as 不可省略，也不可换成 to be（正式文体中可用 view ... as being ...）。 · ✅ People view silence as a sign of respect. ❌ People view silence a sign of respect. 2. 被动形式：be viewed as（被视为……），是写作中的高分表达。 3. 同义结构：think of ... as；regard ... as；consider ... (as)；see ... as；treat ... as。 4. 注意区分 view 的名词用法：in my view（在我看来）；in full view of（在……众目睽睽之下）。 【对点训练】 In many Asian countries, silence ______ a sign of respect, especially to an elder. A. views B. is viewed C. is viewed as D. views as 【答案】C 【解析】主语 silence 与 view 为被动关系，且 view ... as 为固定搭配，as 不可省略，故用 is viewed as，选 C。 易错点07 replace / replacement for 的搭配与 instead 类结构 【一句话辨异】Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact — nothing can replace a real-life smile or hug. 网上交谈无法替代面对面的接触——没有什么能取代现实中一个微笑或拥抱。 【错因辨析】 1. replace A with / by B：用 B 替换 A（A 为被替换的对象）。 · It is unwise to replace meals with snacks. 2. a replacement for：……的替代品；no replacement for：无法替代……（for 后接被替代的事物）。 3. 词族：replace vt. 取代；replacement n. 替代，替代品；replaceable adj. 可替代的。 4. 易错提醒：表达“无法替代某物”用 no replacement for sth.，不用 no replacement of sth.。 【对点训练】 The old computers need ______ with new ones, for there is no replacement ______ face-to-face communication in building true friendships. A. replacing; forƒB. to replace; ofC. replacing; ofD. to replace; for 【答案】A 【解析】第一空 sth. need doing = sth. need to be done，用 replacing；第二空为固定搭配 no replacement for（无法替代……），故选 A。 一、默写重点词组 A. 英译汉 1. information technology ____________________ 2. provide convenience ____________________ 3. download lots of apps ____________________ 4. digital identities ____________________ 5. instant messenger ____________________ 6. book accommodation ____________________ 7. set up an account ____________________ 8. in addition ____________________ 9. have a lot in common ____________________ 10. keep track of ____________________ 11. get updated ____________________ 12. express oneself freely ____________________ 13. by the late 1990s ____________________ 14. attend classes ____________________ 15. in a more positive light ____________________ 16. be related to ____________________ B. 汉译英 1. 网上聊天 ____________________ 2. 对……着迷的 ____________________ 3. 多种多样的 ____________________ 4. 或多或少 ____________________ 5. 用……做实验 ____________________ 6. 盼望 ____________________ 7. 要求，需要 ____________________ 8. 帮某人一个忙 ____________________ 9. 关心，照顾 ____________________ 10. 关注 ____________________ 11. 面对面的接触 ____________________ 12. ……的数量 ____________________ 13. 与……保持联系 ____________________ 14. 探索未知世界 ____________________ 15. 适应 ____________________ 16. 简称，缩写 ____________________ 二、词汇运用（用括号内单词的适当形式填空） 1. Listening to music ________ us to feel relaxed. (enable) 2. Advertising is often the most ________ method of promotion. (effect) 3. I bought this magazine on the ________ of a friend. (recommend) 4. ________, they've had sponsorship from some big companies. (obvious) 5. There's definitely something wonderful and ________ about sharing your knowledge with others. (reward) 6. We must ________ the purity of drinking water. (sure) 7. Freezing winter is ________ to orange trees. (harm) 8. In ________, they may not have had enough information to understand what was happening. (real) 9. As she listened, she played an ________ piano on her knees. (imagine) 10. It's ________ and beautiful to have seen the city progress into what it is today. (amaze) 三、重点句型（理解结构与翻译） 1. When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Friendships are built on the basis of trust, and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact — images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. In my opinion, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 四、课文语法填空（根据 Lesson 1 Avatars 课文内容填空，每空一词） Avatars are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves, and have 1. ________ forms and uses. The avatar you choose says a lot about your 2. ________. Most people create avatars that have 3. ________ features 4. ________ their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. Nowadays, avatars are everywhere. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from 5. ________ ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you 6. ________ in your message. The use of avatars has also caused a few 7. ________. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in 8. ________ worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to 9. ________ others online. However, other users 10. ________ avatars in a more positive light. 五、过去将来时专练 1. Alicia was confident that her first app ________ (become) one of the biggest selling points. 2. When many Internet users realised that their avatars ________ (see) by many people, not just their friends, they created more than one avatar. 3. It was believed that things ________ (get) worse, but as it is they are getting better. 4. As a child, few people guessed that he ________ (be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 5. The scientists said the world's population ________ (slow) down in future. 6. As you go through the book, you ________ (find) that each of the people who lived through World War II had a different experience. 7. The students want to know whether they ________ (have) dictation today. 8. When I told my cousin that our journey ________ (begin) at an altitude of 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. 9. Could you tell me if it ________ (rain) tomorrow? 10. I knew John ________ (not finish) the work by 5:00 tomorrow afternoon. 六、翻译句子（运用本单元词汇与过去将来时） 1. 我们从没想过约翰会成为一名医生。 ___________________________________________________________________ 2. 他说他会考虑我的建议。 ___________________________________________________________________ 3. 在开发应用程序的时候，她很自信她的程序会成功。 ___________________________________________________________________ 4. 她告诉我们如果下雨她就不和我们一起去了。 ___________________________________________________________________ 5. 吉姆下定决心，一旦他换了工作他就买一辆新车。 ___________________________________________________________________ 七、单元写作训练 请结合本单元“创意个人简介”的写作清单，为自己的网络虚拟形象写一篇 100 词左右的英文个人简介，要求包含：基本信息、性格与兴趣、技术元素、文化元素、交友期待。 【评分要点】 要点齐全（5 分×1 = 5 分）：基本信息、性格兴趣、技术词汇、文化元素、交友期待。 语言准确（10 分）：过去将来时、定语从句、view ... as、a variety of、be addicted to 等本单元结构的正确使用。 语篇连贯（5 分）：恰当使用 in addition、instead of、however 等衔接词。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $