专题01 非谓语动词-长难句核心密码（复习讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题01 非谓语动词（复习讲义） 目 录 1.考情分析·二轮定向 深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点 2.思维导图·体系构建 打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架 3.专题精讲·知能进阶 三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法 真题动向 要点整合 思维迁移 知识单元01非谓语动词的复杂结构…………………………………………………………………3 知识点01 不定式的复杂结构 知识点02 分词的复杂结构 知识点03动名词的复杂结构 知识单元02 非谓语动词作定语………………………………………………………………………7 知识点01 不定式作定语 知识点02 分词作定语 知识点03 动名词作定语 知识单元03 非谓语动词作状语……………………………………………………………………14 知识点01 不定式作状语 知识点02 分词作状语 知识单元04非谓语动词作宾语……………………………………………………………………18 知识点01 不定式作宾语 知识点02 动名词作宾语 知识单元05非谓语动词作宾语补足语……………………………………………………………21 知识点01 不定式作宾补 知识点02 分词作宾补 知识单元06非谓语动词作主语……………………………………………………………………26 知识点01 不定式作主语 知识点02 动名词作主语 知识单元07非谓语动词作表语……………………………………………………………………28 知识点01 不定式作表语 知识点02 分词作表语 知识点03 动名词作表语 知识单元08非谓语动词综合指导…………………………………………………………………31 非谓语动词在语篇中的运用，解题指导 4.模块融合·综合探析 知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境 知识串联 真题动向 思维迁移 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+…………………………………………………………………………33 考向01谓语动词（时态语态）+ 非谓语融合【最高频】 考向02 独立主格结构（跨模块难点） 考向03并列句、复合句（连词）+ 非谓语融合 考向04非谓语动词+语法填空（命题主阵地） 考向05 非谓语动词+应用文写作/读后续写 知识单元 高考解读 命题预测 非谓语动词作定语 脱离单句、嵌入语篇：不再孤立考结构，在长难句里辨修饰关系，核心区分 to do（将来）/doing（主动）/done（被动）。 如2025全国一卷（语法填空65，1.5分） 2025全国二卷（语法填空62；1.5分） 考向预测：①非谓语辨析继续 “去孤立化”，嵌入语篇推理链考查；②成分辨析走向综合化、动态化；③分词状语、定语转换仍是第一主战场，独立主格、with 复合结构交叉持续升温；④“非谓语 + X” 全域融合定型。 考法预测：①从语篇长难句、搭配语境切入：固定搭配、逻辑主语、动作时序都可能成为题眼；②“成分 — 主被动 — 先后” 联动定题：据结构判断谓语 / 非谓语、据逻辑主语定形式，环环相扣； 情境载体：科技说明文本、人物记叙、传统文化、生态话题、读后续写场景描写。 非谓语动词作状语 嫁接语境、强逻辑：不再考固定结构，结合目的、原因、伴随、结果等场景，用分词简化状语从句。如2025全国一卷（语法填空65，1.5分） 非谓语动词作宾补 情境搭配化：依托感官、使役动词固定搭配（see/make/have/get/leave），拓展 with 复合结构场景用法。被动还原、考法细：被动语态下补 to 为经典易错点，搭配辨析拓宽坑。如2025全国二卷（语法填空65；1.5分） 跨模块融合 非谓语动词 弱化单点记忆、强化结构逻辑：跳出单一成分考查，以“谓语 / 非谓语边界、连词、逻辑主语”为底层主线，打通从句转换、固定搭配、时态语态。 载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形、语法填空；同时联动读后续写句式迁移，一结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。 知识单元01 非谓语动词复杂结构 由于平时模拟题中考查非谓语动词的一般式居多，为了避免学生产生思维定势，要格外训练非谓语动词的进行式、完成式和被动式。这些在高考中时有考查，很多学生容易出错。 ( 知识点 01 不定式 的复杂结构 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空，1.5分）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　　　　　　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 2．The term is thought (use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid. 3．When he noticed his classmates staring at him, he pretended (listen) carefully to the lecture so that no one would find he was absent-minded. 4．The ancient town is reported (witness) the rise and fall of three different dynasties over the course of a century. ( 知识点 0 2 分词的复杂结构 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2023全国乙卷·语法填空，1.5分） __________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 2.（2026浙江1月卷·语法填空，1.5分）She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes __________ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown... 3．（2027·四川成都阶段检测）The new bridge __________ (build) across the river at present is expected to ease traffic congestion once completed. ( 知识点 0 3 动名词的复杂结构 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2026年1月浙江卷62，1.5分）My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember 62 (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over the uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 2. (2020新课标·语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ____________(walk) through a rainforest. 3．Bike sharing is booming in our country, which leads to us (get) around easier than before. 4．Her (fail) the exam was a big disappointment, but she was determined to study harder and try again. 5．She regretted ____________ (not take) her teacher’s advice when making the decision. 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式的复杂结构 ①不定式的进行式：to be doing。 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 ②不定式的完成式：to have done。不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 ③不定式的被动式：to have been done/to be done。不定式的逻辑主语和不定式动作之间有被动关系。 知识点02 分词的复杂结构 ①动词ing的各种形式 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 ②现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生；现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前； Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。 ③现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者； Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.近来，一个把两家不同超市里的相同商品的价格做比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。 ④现在分词的被动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者； The area being studied is called an archeological site.正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.那天晚上我因被要求加班而错过了一场好看的电影。 知识点03动名词的复杂形式 ①名词所有格+doing (如Jane’s doing); ②形容词物主代词+doing(如her doing); 作主语、宾语或有时作表语。 The team’s winning the game surprised everyone. 这个队赢得比赛让所有人都很惊讶。 I really appreciate your helping me with the project. 我非常感谢你帮我做这个项目。 ①名词普通格+doing(Jane doing); ②宾格+doing 作表语或宾语(me doing) He doesn’t mind me using his computer. 他不介意我用他的电脑。 They all laughed at Tom falling off the bike. 他们都嘲笑汤姆从自行车上摔下来。 ③动名词的被动式 动名词的基本形式doing也是主动式，其被动式是being done。 We take delight in exploring the long history of Chinese paper-cut art. 我们乐于探寻中国剪纸艺术悠久的发展历史。 I cannot stand him being ignored after offering useful heritage protection plans. 我不忍他提出非遗良策之后却被众人漠视。 ④动名词的完成式 动名词的基本形式doing也是一般式，其完成式是having done。 He is fond of collecting old paper-cuts from different parts of our country. 他喜爱收藏来自全国各地的老旧剪纸作品。 He regrets having wasted much time instead of learning traditional carving skills. 他懊悔从前虚度光阴，没能好好研习传统雕刻手艺。 由于平时模拟题中考查非谓语动词的一般式居多，为了避免学生产生思维定势，要格外训练非谓语动词的进行式、完成式和被动式。学生一定要根据具体的语境，准确判断非谓语动词的正确形式，是一般式、被动式、进行式、完成式等具体形式，一定要把这些形式和意义掌握牢固，这是二轮重点突破的内容，不留知识、能力的死角。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式的复杂结构 1．【不定式的进行式】When the teacher came in, the naughty boy pretended (read) with the book upside down. 2．【不定式的完成式】He pretended (finish) the project on time, but his partner revealed they hadn’t even started. 3．【不定式的完成式的被动式】At least 200, 000 people were reported (kill) in the ever recorded worst earthquake that struck Haiti last winter. 4．【only+不定式的被动形式，表示意外结果】We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 考向2 分词的复杂结构 1．【现在分词的完成式】 (cooperate) with the research team for years, he gained rich experience in data analysis. 2．【现在分词的完成式的被动式】 (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building. 3．【现在分词的一般式的被动式】The student (interview) by the school radio presently is the initiator of the “No Plastic” activity. 考向3 动名词的复杂结构 1．【动名词的复合结构】 (2003上海) The president’s__________(attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 2．【动名词的主动形式表示被动含义】These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth (preserve). 3.____________ (surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction. 知识单元02 非谓语动词作定语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作定语 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2026年全国二卷·语法填空65；1.5分）（2026·全国II卷）It’s time for my dan tian 65 (meet) another life force: coffee. 2．（2026年北京卷·语法填空17；1.5分）By mindfully seeking out opportunities 17 (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning. 命题解读 新情境：本文介绍了一种名为“kama muta”（梵语意为“被爱感动”）的特殊情感，指出主动寻求这种情感能够让生活更富有意义。 新考法：不定式短语修饰chance，opportunity等词时，和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的同位关系。 新角度：通过新语境判断非谓语动词的用法，命题角度新颖。 3．（2025年全国二卷·语法填空62；1.5分）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing denying me the chance ____62____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 命题解读 新情境：通过一名定居中国的美籍女士对其在浙江乡间晾衣后感受到“阳光的味道”的经历和充满感情的描述，展现中国人善用自然之力创造诗意栖居的生活智慧。改变了往年单纯一说明的形式介绍这个传统文化。 新考法：不定式短语修饰chance，opportunity等词时，和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的同位关系。 新角度：通过新语境判断非谓语动词的用法，命题角度新颖。 4．（2025浙江I月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 命题解读 新情境：本题以澳大利亚兴起的服装租赁服务这一现象为语境依托，考查不定式作定语。 新考法：在长难句中考查不定式作定语，本题是不定式的复合结构作定语并且是并列的结构。 新角度：通过新语境考查不定式的复合结构作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 5．（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 命题解读 新情境：本题以盲人徒步40天来到西安为语境依托，考查不定式作定语。 新考法：第一步先理解journey名词用作动词，然后再不定式作定语。 新角度：先进行词性转换再考虑不定式作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 不定式作定语： ①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。 1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference. ②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等 She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today. ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作定语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．（2026年北京卷·语法填空13；1.5分）The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people 13 (wait) behind us. 命题解读 新情境：本题以和父亲去杂货店购物，结账时父亲发现忘记带钱包，尴尬之时一位陌生人主动出手帮忙的故事为语境依托，考查现在分词作定语。 新考法：在there be句型中考查现在分词短语作定语。 新角度：在特殊句式中考查现在分词短语作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 2．（2026年北京卷·语法填空16；1.5分）You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently 16 (name) emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life. 命题解读 新情境：本题以寻求这种情感能够让生活更富有意义为语境依托，考查过去分词作定语。 新考法：在同位语中考查过去分词短语作定语。 新角度：在长难句中考查过去分词短语作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 3．（2025年全国二卷·语法填空65；1.5分）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____65____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 命题解读 新情境：通过一名定居中国的美籍女士对其在浙江乡间晾衣后感受到“阳光的味道”的经历和充满感情的描述，展现中国人善用自然之力创造诗意栖居的生活智慧。改变了往年单纯一说明的形式介绍这个传统文化。 新考法：本题考查了考生在新情境中对过去分词的理解和运用。 新角度：本题命题人利用动宾关系，考查过去分词短语作定语表示一种状态。 4.(2023新课标I卷·语法填空59；1.5分)Shanghai may be the 　　　59　　 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. 1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。 2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动: a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮 a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人 an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生 5.（2023北京卷·语法填空20；1.5分）She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ___20__(face)“too little water or too dirty water”. 不定式短语作定语，被修饰的名词前通常有序数词修饰且有主谓关系，通常表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语主要是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。 6.（2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空60；1.5分）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 　　　60　　　 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 7.（2025年天津高考二卷）6．Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite_______（design）to track solar storms. 本题容易错填为不定式to design，考生认为作目的状语，后面的to track solar storms是目的。 7.（2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空56；1.5分）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _____56_____ (fall) child. 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。 ( 知识点 0 3 动名词 作定语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．When I gave the dress to Anne for her birthday, I saw the excitement in her eye as she tore off the (wrap) paper. 2．The young girl has got a (dress) table as a present for her 18th birthday. 3．From the moment a worker tips seeds into the (sow) machine, robots take over. 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式作定语 1.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。 2.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 3.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 4.不定式与其所修饰词之间关系：动宾关系，主谓关系和同位关系。 She was the first student to win the international competition in our school’s history. 她是我校历史上首位在国际比赛中获奖的学生。（主谓关系） Reading widely can develop your ability to understand and analyze problems. 广泛阅读能够培养你理解和分析问题的能力。（同位关系） Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day.学生们抱怨说，每天总有没完没了的作业要完成。（动宾关系） 1.不定式作定语，有时需要考虑被动形式to be done表示一个被动的、将要发生的动作。 We still have plenty of meaningful things to do in the coming holiday. 在即将到来的假期里，我们还有不少有意义的事要做。 Lots of important details to be checked lie on the manager’s desk. 许多待核查的重要资料都摆在经理的办公桌上。 2.有时候出现for sb to do sth.句式，sb是不定式的逻辑主语。 It is a precious chance for us to experience different local cultures. 这是我们体验多样地域文化的宝贵机会。 This is a perfect platform for young students to show their real talent. 这是青年学子展现自身才华的绝佳平台。 3.对比：-ing短语作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作；-being done短语作定语表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；-ed短语作定语表示一个被动的、已经完成的动作。 The birds flying above the lake bring us much joy and relaxation. 湖面上方飞翔的鸟儿为我们带来诸多欢乐与惬意。 The new library being built nearby will open to us next term. 附近正在修建的新图书馆将于下学期对我们开放。 The bridge built ten years ago connects the two small villages well. 十年前建成的这座桥顺畅地连通着两个小村庄。 知识点02 分词作定语 1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being＋过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。 2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。 （2021·浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。 表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较： ①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. ②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky. ③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important. 知识点03动名词作定语 表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作 “ 供……用”讲，相当于介词 for 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机 a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖 能力1 根据语境，迅速判断不定式短语作定语 (1)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 (2)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 能力2 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断过去分词及短语作定语 过去分词及短语作定语，既表被动又表完成，有时只表完成，不表被动。 能力3 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断现在分词及短语作定语 现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行。 能力4 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断动名词及短语作定语 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作定语 1．（2027·河北省衡水市第二中学阶段检测）The journey was extremely dangerous. Travelers had to face harsh weather, bandits and disease. Despite these challenges, they were driven by the desire 3 (seek) wealth and knowledge. 2.（2027·湖北武汉中学月考）Sun is not alone. On China’s lifestyle-sharing platform Xiaohongshu, posts about tea garden visits and tea culture experiences are becoming increasingly common. The enthusiasm for tea-picking experiences reflects a growing tendency among young Chinese 5 (step) into tradition in a more tangible way. 3.（2027·河北省沧州市阶段检测）This tradition, (consist) of many short independent stories about teamwork and battles, shows the Hezhen people’s efforts (protect) their land. 4.（2027·辽宁沈阳市东北育才学校第二次模拟）Among these gifts, dried meat stood out as a common offering. By giving gifts, students expressed their gratitude for the teacher’s guidance on their intellectual and moral development. It was also a way 6 (ensure) the teacher’s well-being. 考向2 分词作定语 1.（2027·河北省衡水市第二中学阶段检测）Today, the ancient Silk Road has been given new life through the Belt and Road Initiative, whose aim is to promote global cooperation and shared development. Modern railways, highways and ports now follow the paths once 8 (walk) by camel caravans centuries ago. 2.（2027·山西省太原市联考）Graceful eight movements are designed to strengthen and balance the body’s energy, also known as qi in Chinese philosophy. Dating back to the Song Dynasty, this practice is gaining new popularity especially among younger generations of Chinese 3 (face) the pressures of modern life. 3.（2027·江苏扬州市第一中学教学质量调研评估）Have you heard of the term Start of Winter? There are things you may not know about it. Start of Winter is the first one of 24 Solar terms, among which it means winter is coming and crops 2 (harvest) in autumn should be stored up. 4.（2027·河南周口市阶段性检测）For the family 4 (come) from Medellin in Colombia, they have acquired far beyond mere sightseeing — they have become part of the local community, celebrating festivals with great enthusiasm and enjoying daily routines just like any other Chinese family. 5.（2027·河南信阳高级中学段检测）Following in the footsteps of Su Shi, one of the famous Song Dynasty poets, Dashan explores more than ten Chinese provinces. The title, 3 (draw) from Su Shi’s poem, reflects a man who/that was always on the move due to some issues. 考向3 动名词作定语 1.Before being allowed to dive in the ocean, the trainees were introduced to the scuba equipment in the __________ (swim) pool. 2.（2027·安徽省马鞍山市第二中学教学质量监测）Originally constructed around 256 BCE by the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, Dujiangyan is a remarkable example of ancient 1 (engineer) skill and is still in use today. 知识单元03 非谓语动词作状语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 状语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2025年天津高考一卷·语法填空5，1分）5．________（impress） the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. 命题解读 新情境：以“准备演讲”为背景，考查不定式作目的状语的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，将不定式置于句首强调目的状语。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查不定式问题。 2．（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空63，1.5分）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 命题解读 新情境：以“中外文化对比”为背景，培养学生的国际视野和爱国情怀。 新考法：考查不定式作目的状语的命题次数很多，作原因状语的较少，比较新的考法。 新角度：考查不定式作原因状语。 ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作 状语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2026·全国一卷·语法填空62，1.5分）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands which serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 命题解读 新情境：以中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景为背景，感悟中国农村的人间烟火气息。 新考法：在具体的语言情境中考查过去分词作状语，不孤立考查语法知识。 新角度：考查过去分词与状语从句中的相互转化。 2.（2026·天津第一次高考·语法填空，1分）______ （check）time on the watch, all of us wondered if the VIP could come on time. 3．（2025高考北京卷·语法填空17，1.5分） When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 命题解读 新情境：以“接触不同文化和体验不同经历”为背景，感悟食物浪费和全球气候的变化。 新考法：在状语从句的省略中，考查现在分词作状语。 新角度：考查现在分词在状语从句中的运用。 4． (2024•新高考Ⅱ卷，64，1.5分)___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 1．作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。 3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。 4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。 5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。 5. (2023•全国乙卷，66，1.5分)　　　66　　　 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 要·点·整·合 知识点01不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 [2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。 (2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)；so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 知识点02分词作状语 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 [2020·江苏卷]Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.技术创新与良好的营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。 知识点03独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。 Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong. 从口音判断，他来自香港。 To tell you the truth, I am a little tired. 说实话，我有点累。 知识点04独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。 (1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。 (2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。 Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。 The test finished(＝When the test was finished),we began our holiday. 考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作状语 1.（2027·河南省许济平洛四市质量检测）Local governments have worked hard to reserve it. For example, the historical Gunan Street in Yixing was restored 63 (protect) its cultural heritage, which now attracts a new generation of craftsmen. 2.（2027·安徽合肥市四大名校联考）Instead of war scenes, the movie conveys a precious theme: peace is never easy 44 (gain). 3.Yesterday I went to see my good friend, only (learn) that she had gone abroad a week before. 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 考向2 分词作状语 1.（2027·安徽合肥市四大名校联考）Welcome to Long Restaurant, directed by Wen Muye, has become a hit in the 2026 summer season. 36 (star) Shen Teng and Jiang Qiming, it has won praise at home and abroad, with its box office breaking 1 billion yuan in eight days. 2.（2027·江苏苏北五校（徐州三中、扬大附中等）10月联考） 59 (name) the “women’s happiness workshop”, the facility has become a platform where rural women gain self-worth and increase incomes. 知识单元04 非谓语动词作宾语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 宾语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2025年全国高考一卷·语法填空65，1.5分）“We hope ____65____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 命题解读 新情境：以上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览为命题情境，巧妙融合了传统文化、人工智能与当代艺术，是中国传统文化中的哲思与智慧与现代科技结合的全新呈现。 新考法：命题情境中，通过hope考查其后的不定式作宾语。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查不定式作宾语的问题。 2.（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空，61,1.5分）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 不定式作宾语： ①常接不定式作宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…: ②it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French. ( 知识点 0 2 动名词 作 宾语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．（2026年1月浙江卷·语法填空62；1.5分）My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember 62 (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over the uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 命题解读 新情境：以回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光为命题情境，再现了往日母子的美好时光。 新考法：命题情境中，通过remember考查动名词的被动式是新颖的命题方向。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中运用动名词的被动式的用法。 2. （2026年全国二卷·语法填空64；1.5分）At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still 64 (be) early at 8 am. 命题解读 新情境：以回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光为命题情境，再现了往日母子的美好时光。 新考法：命题情境中，通过despite考查动名词的复合结构是新颖的命题方向。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中运用动名词复合结构的用法。 3. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空64；1.5分）Before 64 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets. 4．（2025年1月浙江首考·语法填空，65,1.5分） I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 要·点·整·合 知识点01只接不定式作宾语的动词： agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。 [2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。 知识点02只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。 It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ 知识点03接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词： (1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 (2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 (3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。 不定式和动名词作宾语的一般式，在一轮复习中基本掌握。二轮复习关键能力要突破：1.动名词的复合结构的用法；动名词的被动式；动名词的主动表被动的形式。2.不定式的被动式；不定式的完成式和进行式的用法。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作宾语 1.（2026·福建厦门期中）He pretended (finish) his homework when his mother checked, but the blank pages gave him away. 2. He pretended (read) when the teacher came in. 考向2 动名词作宾语 1.（2027·湖南长沙市模拟）Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in (solve) the world’s problems, but there is a high level of risk involved. 2.（2027·广东省湛江市湛江市八校联考）Two versions of robot “N2” took second and third places, with one crossing the finish line after (have) its taped-on head reattached. 知识单元05 非谓语动词作宾补 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 宾补 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2026年1月浙江卷·语法填空56，1.5分）There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 56 (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 命题解读 新情境：以回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光为命题情境，考查不定式作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了wait for sb/sth to do sth.固定搭配的用法。 新角度：考查学生在实际情境中运用不定式的能力而不是直接孤立考查不定式问题。 2．（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空61，1.5分）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　61　　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 命题解读 新情境：以“传统文化小笼包”为命题情境，考查不定式作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了allow … to do的形式，但根据语境应用不定式的被动式，这是新考法。 新角度：用学生熟悉的不定式的知识点，考查容易被忽视的不定式的被动式。 动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。二轮复习一定避免这个问题，做到查漏补缺。 3.This activity not only raised our awareness of environmental protection, but also reminded us _________ (pay) attention to our behaviour. 不定式作宾语补足语： ①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/ need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……: 例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more. ②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。 1）Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home. ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作 宾补 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2025年天津高考一卷）15．The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________（carry）out in the next school year. 命题解读 新情境：以“建造人工智能实验室”为命题情境，考查过去分词作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了see sth done的用法。 新角度：考查学生在实际情境中运用过去分词的能力而不是直接孤立考查分词问题。 2.9．（2025年天津高考一卷）With robots ________（perform） various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. 命题解读 新情境：以“机器人”为命题情境，考查现在分词作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了with复合结构中作宾语补足语的形式，但根据语境robots和perform之间是主谓关系，这是新考法。 新角度：在with复合结构中考查现在分词作宾语补足语是新角度。 3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空65，1.5分）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 　　　65　　　 (want) more next time.  4.（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times 　　　　　　 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 5.（2020新课标III卷·语法填空69，1.5分）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds_______69_____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall. 她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。 2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。 They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year. 他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。 4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。 要·点·整·合 知识点01不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。 (1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 (2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。 The president was reported to have visited China. 据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。 知识点02分词作宾补 (1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。 Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。 He found himself surrounded by so many strangers. 他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。 (3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点： ①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事； ②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事； get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事； ③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。 with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 能力1 根据语境，迅速判断不定式作宾补 (1)熟记常接不定式作宾补的动词，并熟练掌握变被动语态后主语补足语带to的要点。 (2) “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要发生的行为。 能力2 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断过去分词或现在分词作宾补 (1)熟记常接分词作宾补的动词。 (2) 掌握“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中宾补。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作宾补 1.（2026·云南省摸底）I had already reminded her (think) twice before buying anything, but my wife ignored what I said and replied confidently, “With the Chinese New Year approaching, preparation is necessary. 2．Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed (shoot) as many as they wished. 3．The advanced scanning technology enables every tiny detail of the sample (examine) with great precision. 4．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 考向2 分词作宾补 1.（2026·湖南部分学校高三一模）Duan grew up on an indigo farm that goes back five generations, with her family’s business (produce) hand-dyed fabrics. 2.（2026·贵州黔西南二模）And each five-member team must complete all five events, with individual athletes (specialize) in one discipline. 3.（2026·安徽合肥市第八中学高三预测）Food plays a key role as well. A typical dish is five-color glutinous rice, with each color (stand) for good wishes like health and happiness. 知识单元06 非谓语动词作主语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 主语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．（2026年全国一卷·语法填空56；1.5分）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 命题解读 新情境：以中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景为命题情境，展现了中国农村烟火气息。 新考法：命题情境中，通过形式主语it的句型结构考查不定式的复合结构作主语。 新角度：在长难句中考查不定式的被动形式作主语。 2. （2021·英语全国甲卷·语法填空，63,1.5分）It is possible ___63___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 不定式作主语： 1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。 3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语： A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth. 【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】 B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth. 【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】 1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old. 2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do. ( 知识点 0 2 动名词 作 主语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2018新课标III卷·语法填空65，1.5分）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____65________(challenge). 2．（2027·河北石家庄·期中）_________ (admit) his mistake bravely won him respect from his teachers and classmates. 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式作主语 不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。 [2021·全国甲卷]It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。 知识点02 动名词作主语 动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...; It's no use/good doing...; It is useless doing...; There is no point doing... 等。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 It's no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。 1.掌握不定式作主语三种情况。2.判断不定式是主动还是被动形式。3.注意主谓一致。4.熟悉动名词的各种形式作主语，明确动名词作主语的意义。5.熟记It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的句型 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作主语 1. (change) bad habits is never easy, but as long as you persist, you will succeed. 动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。 2．It’s good (spend) time with my family, although it can get a bit boring in my hometown after a while. 3．It’s a great honour for me (stand) here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”. 考向2动名词作主语 1． (accustom) to speaking in public is what the position of Sales Director is required. 2．【新情境】(2026·上海市敬业中学期中)________ (turn) over the pages brings back the taste, the laughter, and the feeling of that moment. 3.【新考法】The girl's (educate) in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. 知识单元07 非谓语动词作表语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 表语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．1．To deal with the plastic pollution, the best approach is not (ban) plastics, but to manage them more carefully. 2．The main goal of the exhibition is (promote) mutual understanding between Eastern and Western civilizations. ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作 表语 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2018新课标III卷·语法填空65，1.5分）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____65________(challenge). 2．Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 3．The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. 4．It’s hard to keep your nerve when people keep (interrupt) you. ( 知识点 0 3 动名词 作 表语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．What he likes most is (swim) in the sea during summer vacation. 2. What worries me most is her ________ (stay) too late every night. 3.My favorite hobby is (read) classic novels, which enriches my knowledge and vision. 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式作表语 不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 知识点02 分词作表语 过去分词 ①过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在连系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. 她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的场面吓着了。 ②现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 现在分词 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” 常用的这类词有： His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged． 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 ③过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 现在分词 现在分词作表语说明主语的特征(即“令人...的”)。 Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 知识点03 动名词作表语 (1)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job. 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 (2)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。 She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。 It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。 1.动名词作表语表示一般性、习惯性的动作或行为，不定式作表语表示具体的、一次性动作。2.掌握“主语+be+to do”句型。3. 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作表语 1．The ultimate goal of the research project is (explore) new energy sources that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. 2． The latest information confirms my belief that he is (blame) for the accident. 考向2 分词作表语 1．It’s important to get (prepare) not just for success but also for possible failures. 2．Look!The student seated in the corner of the classroom is (bury) in a novel while the teacher is giving a lesson. 3．She remained （stand）though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 4．The tips given in this book are useful and (motivate). 考向3 动名词作表语 1.(2026·浙江省稽阳联谊一模)Though I excelled academically，my passion was ________ (cook), a path my mother hesitated to support due to its challenges. 2.The most important thing is (keep) calm when facing difficulties. 3.What he enjoys most is (play) basketball with his teammates after school. 知识单元08 非谓语动词综合运用 非谓语动词在语篇中的运用，解题指导 确定作非谓语 分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又无连词时，则考虑填非谓语动词。 方法1 非谓语动词作状语 1．寻找线索 (1)挖空句有谓语动词，通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。 (2)我们需要认真分析句子结构，明确句子成分，先甄别出句子的主干，再确定用哪种形式作状语。 2．解题指导 (1)找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。 (2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 (3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式： ①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用to do; 表出乎意料的结果，用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用doing。 ②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用to be done; 表动作已经发生，用done。 方法2 非谓语动词作定语 1．寻找线索 (1)空格可在名词或代词之前，也可在名词或代词之后，对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。 (2)如果有逗号隔开，放在名词或代词之后，通常对该名词进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2．解题指导 (1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。 (2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。 (3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。 方法3 非谓语动词作表语 1．寻找线索 非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。 2．解题指导 (1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。 (2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。 (3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。 方法4 非谓语动词作宾语 1．寻找线索 动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构： 得分速记 (1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意to的身份识别。 (2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。 (3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2．解题指导 (1)仔细观察挖空的句子。 (2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。 (3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。 方法5 非谓语动词作主语 1．寻找线索 主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。 2．解题指导 (1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing还是to do作主语。 (2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。 (3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型： ①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth ②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth ③It takes sb＋some time/money＋to do sth 方法 6 非谓语动词作补足语 1．寻找线索 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。 得分速记 (1)不定式作宾补：allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb to do sth。 (2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。 (3)with复合结构 ①with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生； ②with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行； ③with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已完成。 2．解题指导 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。 (3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+ 知·识·串·联 重·点·解·读 解读01 非谓语动词+谓语动词 （2027·河北省保定市摸底）____（face）with the complex challenges of collapsed buildings and damaged roads, Chinese rescue teams made use of multiple high-tech equipment ______（provide）crucial support for the rescue efforts. 解读02 非谓语动词+并列结构 __________（walk） along the river and listening to the birds singing, Tom not only forgot his tiredness but also came up with a wonderful idea for his science project. 解读03 非谓语动词+复杂从句 1.__________（finish） the experiment that his supervisor had designed for the whole team, the young researcher submitted a report which explained every unexpected result in detail. 【答案】Having finished 2. __________（make） sure that every student could follow the lecture, the teacher, who had prepared a detailed handout, made it clear that the assignment would be graded on the basis of the process rather than the final answer. 解读04 非谓语动词+复合结构构成的复杂句子 _______ the deadline approaching and the data still not fully analyzed, the research team, which had been working overtime for weeks, decided to postpone the presentation that they had originally scheduled for Friday. 解读05 同一非谓语动词在不同题型中可以考查不同的语法形式 1._______（judge） from the confused expressions on the faces of the students who had just read the lengthy passage, the teacher realized that the instructions she had given before the exercise must have been far too complicated for them to follow. 2._______（judge）by the standards of the international committee that reviewed the project last month, the proposal, though ambitious in design, was considered impractical, and it was eventually returned to the team for further revision. 解读06 理清谓语动词和非谓语动词 ①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it. ②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention (fix) on it. ③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it. 真·题·动·向 考向01 非谓语动词+语法填空 （2026·新课标I卷·高考真题）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____ Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____ (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____ what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 考向02 非谓语动词+应用文 （2024·全国I卷·应用文，15分）假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： （1）你完成的作品； （2）你的感想。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考向03 非谓语动词+读后续写 （2026·全国一卷·读后续写，25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan, set out on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas. Although she had heard warnings about an approaching snowstorm, she didn’t give it much thought. She assumed that much like in Michigan, police would simply detour (使绕道) traffic around any closed sections of the highway. But that didn’t happen. As the snow came down more and more heavily, Emily was directed off the highway. She drove on for a while and found herself on an unfamiliar road toward a Canadian town. The blinding whiteout made driving nearly impossible. At one point, Emily’s car got stuck. After a struggle, she managed to free the vehicle and continued inching along the snow-covered road. As night fell, panic set in. While Emily was driving on a narrow stretch of road, her car slid into a ditch (沟). She tried to call for help but found no signal on her phone. Seeing no hope of immediate rescue, Emily decided to spend the night in her car. She wrapped herself in a blanket, waiting for morning. To stay warm, she ran her engine for a few minutes every now and then. Eventually, she fell asleep. Emily awoke to a gentle knock on her car window. Standing outside were Daniel and his wife Rachel, who noticed the stranded (被困的) vehicle on their way home and stopped to see if they could help. When Emily rolled down the window, Rachel asked if she was okay and told her it was not safe to stay overnight in the car. With genuine warmth in her voice, Rachel said they could take Emily to a nearby cafe they knew. Grateful and relieved, Emily accepted the offer. In the cafe, the couple bought Emily a hot chocolate and listened patiently as she explained her desperate situation: she was about a hundred miles from her destination, her car was completely stuck, and her entire holiday plan could be ruined. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右。 (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Daniel and Rachel suggested that Emily continue her journey by train. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three days later, Emily returned to get her car. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 思·维·迁·移 考向01 非谓语动词+语法填空 （2027·山东省济南第一中学段考）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Grand Canal, the world’s longest man-made waterway, is a monumental engineering achievement that stretches over 1,794 kilometers across central and eastern China. Its width may vary, but at its 36 (wide), the Canal is up to 131 feet. This vast canal system extends from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang province in the south, 37 (cross) numerous provincial-level regions. 38 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, the Grand Canal continues to be a significant cultural and historical landmark that reflects brilliant ancient Chinese 39 (civilize). The origins of the Grand Canal can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476 BC), 40 its earliest sections were established. During the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Guang recognized the need for a comprehensive transportation network to facilitate the movement of goods, people, and military 41 (force) across the unified nation. In 605 AD, he started the ambitious project 42 (construct) the Grand Canal, which was completed in 611 AD, connecting the Yellow River with the Yangtze River. This massive undertaking marked 43 creation of the world’s largest civil engineering project prior to the Industrial Revolution. Historically, the Grand Canal 44 (be) a crucial lifeline for ancient China’s economy, facilitating the transport of agricultural produce, especially grain, from the fertile southern regions to the northern capitals. Today, it is recognized 45 a model of hydraulic engineering and evidence for human creativity and adaptability in overcoming natural challenges. 考向02 非谓语动词+应用文 （2027·宁夏银川检测）假定你是李华，你校英语节计划举办英语短视频比赛，负责人Jenny提出“The joy of travelling”和“Music lights us up”两个主题，向大家征集意见。请给Jenny写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.你的选择； 2.阐述理由。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jenny, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考向03 非谓语动词+读后续写 （2027·湖南湘潭县第一中学月考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 After a particularly stressful day at work, with meetings dragging on endlessly, I returned home only to get into a heated argument with my teenage daughter, Megan. Needing to clear my head, I decided to go for an evening walk. As I stepped out, the sky was already getting cloudier, but I still slowed my pace, trying to soak in the quiet and peacefulness of the evening. That’s when I noticed her — a cute Jack Russell Terrier. I knelt down to pet her, and her ears felt as soft as velvet between my fingers. At that moment, a strange thought flashed through my mind: this little creature seemed to be a sign, a break from the chaos I was in. I continued my walk, thinking she would find her way home on her own. But the little dog walked beside and kept pace with me along the way, as if we were age-old companions. As the sky darkened and the rain began to pour, I wondered if I should just take her home. Ironically, Megan had been asking for a new pet for some time. However, my husband, John, and I had resisted her requests because we were looking forward to a little more freedom, especially with Megan soon leaving for college. Besides, Megan and I had not exactly seen eye-to-eye earlier that day. I didn’t want it to seem as if I was rewarding her after yet another argument. As it began to rain cats and dogs, I made my decision. Together, we jogged the final half-mile home in the rain. When we arrived, Megan and John were surprised to see the new addition to our family. The Terrier ran straight to Megan, jumping into her lap and claiming her as her own. To know if the dog had owners who were looking for her, we contacted Animal Control. They confirmed she didn’t have an identification chip and offered us the option of leaving her at the shelter or keeping her at home for a two-week waiting period before we could officially adopt her. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Megan looked up at us with begging eyes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: As the two-week waiting period came to an end, a piece of a good news came. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 39 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非谓语动词（复习讲义） 目 录 1.考情分析·二轮定向 深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点 2.思维导图·体系构建 打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架 3.专题精讲·知能进阶 三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法 真题动向 要点整合 思维迁移 知识单元01非谓语动词的复杂结构…………………………………………………………………3 知识点01 不定式的复杂结构 知识点02 分词的复杂结构 知识点03动名词的复杂结构 知识单元02 非谓语动词作定语………………………………………………………………………9 知识点01 不定式作定语 知识点02 分词作定语 知识点03 动名词作定语 知识单元03 非谓语动词作状语……………………………………………………………………19 知识点01 不定式作状语 知识点02 分词作状语 知识单元04非谓语动词作宾语……………………………………………………………………25 知识点01 不定式作宾语 知识点02 动名词作宾语 知识单元05非谓语动词作宾语补足语……………………………………………………………29 知识点01 不定式作宾补 知识点02 分词作宾补 知识单元06非谓语动词作主语……………………………………………………………………35 知识点01 不定式作主语 知识点02 动名词作主语 知识单元07非谓语动词作表语……………………………………………………………………39 知识点01 不定式作表语 知识点02 分词作表语 知识点03 动名词作表语 知识单元08非谓语动词综合指导…………………………………………………………………43 非谓语动词在语篇中的运用，解题指导 4.模块融合·综合探析 知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境 知识串联 真题动向 思维迁移 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+…………………………………………………………………………46 考向01谓语动词（时态语态）+ 非谓语融合【最高频】 考向02 独立主格结构（跨模块难点） 考向03并列句、复合句（连词）+ 非谓语融合 考向04非谓语动词+语法填空（命题主阵地） 考向05 非谓语动词+应用文写作/读后续写 知识单元 高考解读 命题预测 非谓语动词作定语 脱离单句、嵌入语篇：不再孤立考结构，在长难句里辨修饰关系，核心区分 to do（将来）/doing（主动）/done（被动）。 如2025全国一卷（语法填空65，1.5分） 2025全国二卷（语法填空62；1.5分） 考向预测：①非谓语辨析继续 “去孤立化”，嵌入语篇推理链考查；②成分辨析走向综合化、动态化；③分词状语、定语转换仍是第一主战场，独立主格、with 复合结构交叉持续升温；④“非谓语 + X” 全域融合定型。 考法预测：①从语篇长难句、搭配语境切入：固定搭配、逻辑主语、动作时序都可能成为题眼；②“成分 — 主被动 — 先后” 联动定题：据结构判断谓语 / 非谓语、据逻辑主语定形式，环环相扣； 情境载体：科技说明文本、人物记叙、传统文化、生态话题、读后续写场景描写。 非谓语动词作状语 嫁接语境、强逻辑：不再考固定结构，结合目的、原因、伴随、结果等场景，用分词简化状语从句。如2025全国一卷（语法填空65，1.5分） 非谓语动词作宾补 情境搭配化：依托感官、使役动词固定搭配（see/make/have/get/leave），拓展 with 复合结构场景用法。被动还原、考法细：被动语态下补 to 为经典易错点，搭配辨析拓宽坑。如2025全国二卷（语法填空65；1.5分） 跨模块融合 非谓语动词 弱化单点记忆、强化结构逻辑：跳出单一成分考查，以“谓语 / 非谓语边界、连词、逻辑主语”为底层主线，打通从句转换、固定搭配、时态语态。 载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形、语法填空；同时联动读后续写句式迁移，一结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。 知识单元01 非谓语动词复杂结构 由于平时模拟题中考查非谓语动词的一般式居多，为了避免学生产生思维定势，要格外训练非谓语动词的进行式、完成式和被动式。这些在高考中时有考查，很多学生容易出错。 ( 知识点 01 不定式 的复杂结构 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空，1.5分）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　　　　　　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。 2．The term is thought (use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid. 【答案】to have been used 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个词被认为最早出现在16世纪的英国，被用来形容掉在液体里的面团球。该空所给动词use在句中作主语补足语，根据sth./sb. be thought to do/be用法可知，应使用动词不定式形式；由于主语The term与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用不定式的被动式，且use这一动作是发生在过去，应使用动词不定式的完成被动式。故填to have been used。 3．When he noticed his classmates staring at him, he pretended (listen) carefully to the lecture so that no one would find he was absent-minded. 【答案】to be listening 【解析】句意：当他发现同学们都在盯着他看时，他假装正在认真听课，以免有人发现他走神了。pretend to do“假装做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾语，结合“When he noticed his classmates staring at him”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用不定式的进行式to be doing。 4．The ancient town is reported (witness) the rise and fall of three different dynasties over the course of a century. 【答案】to have witnessed 【解析】句意：据报道，这座古镇在一个世纪的岁月中见证了三个不同王朝的兴衰。此处为固定结构“be reported to do”，动作witness发生在主句动作之前，需用不定式的完成式to have witnessed。 ( 知识点 0 2 分词的复杂结构 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2023全国乙卷·语法填空，1.5分） __________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 2.（2026浙江1月卷·语法填空，1.5分）She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes __________ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown... 【答案】watching 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时，兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻：哔！本句已有谓语动词would dance，此处为独立主格结构，our eyes与watch之间为主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填 watching。 3．（2027·四川成都阶段检测）The new bridge __________ (build) across the river at present is expected to ease traffic congestion once completed. 【答案】being built 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前正在河上修建的新桥预计完工后将缓解交通拥堵。句子谓语动词是is expected，空格处应用非谓语动词形式，build与其逻辑主语The new bridge构成被动关系，且根据at present可知，动作正在发生，应用现在分词的被动语态being built，作后置定语。故填being built。 ( 知识点 0 3 动名词的复杂结构 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2026年1月浙江卷62，1.5分）My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember 62 (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over the uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 【答案】being pushed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式，作宾语。故填being pushed。 2. (2020新课标·语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ____________(walk) through a rainforest. 【答案】 walking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾语，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。 3．Bike sharing is booming in our country, which leads to us (get) around easier than before. 【答案】getting 【解析】句意：共享单车在我国蓬勃发展，这使得我们出行比以前更方便了。固定搭配“lead to(导致，造成)”中的“to”为介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语；“us”为动名词的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。 4．Her (fail) the exam was a big disappointment, but she was determined to study harder and try again. 【答案】failing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她没通过考试让人非常失望，但她决心更努力学习，再试一次。句子的谓语是 was，空处和her以及the exam构成动名词的复合结构Her failing the exam ，充当句子主语。故填failing。 5．She regretted ____________ (not take) her teacher’s advice when making the decision. 【答案】not having taken 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她后悔在做决定时没有采纳老师的建议。动词regretted常接动词-ing形式作宾语，此处表示的动作“没有采纳”发生在regretted之前，应用完成式形式，not having taken是动名词的完成否定式(not + having + 过去分词)。故填not having taken。 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式的复杂结构 ①不定式的进行式：to be doing。 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 ②不定式的完成式：to have done。不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 ③不定式的被动式：to have been done/to be done。不定式的逻辑主语和不定式动作之间有被动关系。 知识点02 分词的复杂结构 ①动词ing的各种形式 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 ②现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生；现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前； Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。 ③现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者； Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.近来，一个把两家不同超市里的相同商品的价格做比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。 ④现在分词的被动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者； The area being studied is called an archeological site.正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.那天晚上我因被要求加班而错过了一场好看的电影。 知识点03动名词的复杂形式 ①名词所有格+doing (如Jane’s doing); ②形容词物主代词+doing(如her doing); 作主语、宾语或有时作表语。 The team’s winning the game surprised everyone. 这个队赢得比赛让所有人都很惊讶。 I really appreciate your helping me with the project. 我非常感谢你帮我做这个项目。 ①名词普通格+doing(Jane doing); ②宾格+doing 作表语或宾语(me doing) He doesn’t mind me using his computer. 他不介意我用他的电脑。 They all laughed at Tom falling off the bike. 他们都嘲笑汤姆从自行车上摔下来。 ③动名词的被动式 动名词的基本形式doing也是主动式，其被动式是being done。 We take delight in exploring the long history of Chinese paper-cut art. 我们乐于探寻中国剪纸艺术悠久的发展历史。 I cannot stand him being ignored after offering useful heritage protection plans. 我不忍他提出非遗良策之后却被众人漠视。 ④动名词的完成式 动名词的基本形式doing也是一般式，其完成式是having done。 He is fond of collecting old paper-cuts from different parts of our country. 他喜爱收藏来自全国各地的老旧剪纸作品。 He regrets having wasted much time instead of learning traditional carving skills. 他懊悔从前虚度光阴，没能好好研习传统雕刻手艺。 由于平时模拟题中考查非谓语动词的一般式居多，为了避免学生产生思维定势，要格外训练非谓语动词的进行式、完成式和被动式。学生一定要根据具体的语境，准确判断非谓语动词的正确形式，是一般式、被动式、进行式、完成式等具体形式，一定要把这些形式和意义掌握牢固，这是二轮重点突破的内容，不留知识、能力的死角。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式的复杂结构 1．【不定式的进行式】When the teacher came in, the naughty boy pretended (read) with the book upside down. 【答案】to be reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当老师进来时，那个淘气的男孩假装正在读书，书都拿倒了。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，“假装做某事”为“pretend to do sth.”，再结合语境“正在读书”，应用动词不定式的进行式to be reading，符合语境。故填to be reading。 2．【不定式的完成式】He pretended (finish) the project on time, but his partner revealed they hadn’t even started. 【答案】to have finished 【解析】句意：他假装已经按时完成了这个项目，但他的搭档透露他们甚至还没开始。pretend to do sth“假装做某事”是固定句式，动词finish表达的动作发生在pretended之前，故用不定式的完成式to have done。 3．【不定式的完成式的被动式】At least 200, 000 people were reported (kill) in the ever recorded worst earthquake that struck Haiti last winter. 【答案】to have been killed 【解析】考查不定式。句意：据报道，在去年冬天袭击海地的有记录以来最严重的地震中，至少有20万人丧生。be reported to do sth.意为“据报道做某事”，此处kill这一动作发生在were reported之前，且people与kill是被动关系，表示“人被杀害”，所以要用不定式的完成被动式to have been killed。故填to have been killed。 4．【only+不定式的被动形式，表示意外结果】We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 【答案】to be informed 【解析】句意：我们长途跋涉去参观博物馆，结果却被告知它因维修暂时关闭了。固定结构only to do sth.，表示“结果却……”，强调出乎意料的结果，we和inform为逻辑动宾关系，需用动词不定式的被动式to be informed。 考向2 分词的复杂结构 1．【现在分词的完成式】 (cooperate) with the research team for years, he gained rich experience in data analysis. 【答案】Having cooperated 【解析】句意：和研究团队合作多年后，他在数据分析方面积累了丰富经验。此处作时间状语，cooperate(合作)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，且“合作”这个动作发生在谓语动词gained之前，因此要用现在分词的完成式having cooperated，表主动和已经完成；句首单词首字母大写。 2．【现在分词的完成式的被动式】 (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building. 【答案】Having been shown 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在带领我们参观了大学之后，我们又被带到了一栋大楼。空处需要非谓语动词在句中作状语，表示该动作发生在“we then were taken to a building”之前，且we与show之间是被动关系，即“我们被带领参观”，所以要用现在分词的完成式的被动形式having been done。故填Having been shown。 3．【现在分词的一般式的被动式】The student (interview) by the school radio presently is the initiator of the “No Plastic” activity. 【答案】being interviewed 【解析】句意：现在正在被学校广播站采访的那个学生是“禁塑”活动的发起人。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，且the student与interview“采访”为被动关系，且根据presently可知动作正在进行，应用现在分词的被动语态being interviewed，作后置定语，修饰the student。 考向3 动名词的复杂结构 1．【动名词的复合结构】 (2003上海) The president’s__________(attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 【答案】attending 【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里The president’s attending the meeting构成动名词复合结构作主语。故答案是attending。 2．【动名词的主动形式表示被动含义】These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth (preserve). 【答案】preserving 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些宣告，作为爱与个性的象征，提醒我们有些传统值得保留。be worth doing是固定用法，表示“值得做某事”，其中动名词主动表被动；preserve的动名词是preserving。故填preserving。 3.____________ (surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction. 【答案】Being surrounded 【解析】考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：被美丽的青山环绕且位于庐山脚下使它成为一个著名的旅游景点。makes是谓语，此处需用动名词短语作主语。surround与句子主语it构成被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式Being surrounded，在句中作主语，首字母大写。故填Being surrounded。 知识单元02 非谓语动词作定语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作定语 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2026年全国二卷·语法填空65；1.5分）（2026·全国II卷）It’s time for my dan tian 65 (meet) another life force: coffee. 【答案】to meet 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：是时候让我的丹田迎接另一股活力——咖啡。固定句型It’s time for sth to do sth.“是某物做某事的时间了”，本空用不定式to meet。此处是不定式的复合结构作定语。 2．（2026年北京卷·语法填空17；1.5分）By mindfully seeking out opportunities 17 (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning. 【答案】to stimulate 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过用心寻找机会来激发这种感觉，你可以让生活充满更大的意义。opportunity后常接不定式作定语，表示“……的机会”。 命题解读 新情境：本文介绍了一种名为“kama muta”（梵语意为“被爱感动”）的特殊情感，指出主动寻求这种情感能够让生活更富有意义。 新考法：不定式短语修饰chance，opportunity等词时，和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的同位关系。 新角度：通过新语境判断非谓语动词的用法，命题角度新颖。 3．（2025年全国二卷·语法填空62；1.5分）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing denying me the chance ____62____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 【答案】to discover 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 命题解读 新情境：通过一名定居中国的美籍女士对其在浙江乡间晾衣后感受到“阳光的味道”的经历和充满感情的描述，展现中国人善用自然之力创造诗意栖居的生活智慧。改变了往年单纯一说明的形式介绍这个传统文化。 新考法：不定式短语修饰chance，opportunity等词时，和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的同位关系。 新角度：通过新语境判断非谓语动词的用法，命题角度新颖。 4．（2025浙江I月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 【答案】 to rent 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店铺提供女士时尚服装租赁服务，而非直接出售，为一次性活动着装提供了更经济实惠的解决方案。分析句子结构可知，空白处作定语，应用动词不定式。故填to rent。 命题解读 新情境：本题以澳大利亚兴起的服装租赁服务这一现象为语境依托，考查不定式作定语。 新考法：在长难句中考查不定式作定语，本题是不定式的复合结构作定语并且是并列的结构。 新角度：通过新语境考查不定式的复合结构作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 5．（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【答案】 to journey 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 命题解读 新情境：本题以盲人徒步40天来到西安为语境依托，考查不定式作定语。 新考法：第一步先理解journey名词用作动词，然后再不定式作定语。 新角度：先进行词性转换再考虑不定式作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 不定式作定语： ①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。 1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference. ②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等 She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today. ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作定语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．（2026年北京卷·语法填空13；1.5分）The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people 13 (wait) behind us. 【答案】waiting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：收银员已经扫完所有商品，有几个人在我们后面等候。句中and连接两个并列分句，第二个分句是there be句型，此分句中已有谓语were，wait作非谓语动词，主语people与wait之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，用现在分词waiting作后置定语，修饰a couple of people。 命题解读 新情境：本题以和父亲去杂货店购物，结账时父亲发现忘记带钱包，尴尬之时一位陌生人主动出手帮忙的故事为语境依托，考查现在分词作定语。 新考法：在there be句型中考查现在分词短语作定语。 新角度：在特殊句式中考查现在分词短语作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 2．（2026年北京卷·语法填空16；1.5分）You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently 16 (name) emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life. 【答案】named 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能不知道这个术语，但这种感觉就是“kama muta”，一种最近被命名的情绪，它标志着我们生命中一些最重要的时刻。动词name与其逻辑名词emotion之间是被动关系，应用过去分词named作定语，表示“被命名的”。 命题解读 新情境：本题以寻求这种情感能够让生活更富有意义为语境依托，考查过去分词作定语。 新考法：在同位语中考查过去分词短语作定语。 新角度：在长难句中考查过去分词短语作定语的用法，命题角度新颖。 3．（2025年全国二卷·语法填空65；1.5分）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____65____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 命题解读 新情境：通过一名定居中国的美籍女士对其在浙江乡间晾衣后感受到“阳光的味道”的经历和充满感情的描述，展现中国人善用自然之力创造诗意栖居的生活智慧。改变了往年单纯一说明的形式介绍这个传统文化。 新考法：本题考查了考生在新情境中对过去分词的理解和运用。 新角度：本题命题人利用动宾关系，考查过去分词短语作定语表示一种状态。 4.(2023新课标I卷·语法填空59；1.5分)Shanghai may be the 　　　59　　 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. 【答案】recognized　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。 1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。 2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动: a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮 a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人 an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生 5.（2023北京卷·语法填空20；1.5分）She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ___20__(face)“too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】 facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 不定式短语作定语，被修饰的名词前通常有序数词修饰且有主谓关系，通常表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语主要是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。 6.（2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空60；1.5分）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 　　　60　　　 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【答案】visiting　 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。 7.（2025年天津高考二卷）6．Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite_______（design）to track solar storms. 【答案】designed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国的工程师们将建造一颗新的卫星，该卫星旨在监测太阳风暴。此处design与satellite构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选A。 本题容易错填为不定式to design，考生认为作目的状语，后面的to track solar storms是目的。 7.（2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空56；1.5分）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _____56_____ (fall) child. 【答案】falling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。 ( 知识 点 0 3 动名词 作定语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．When I gave the dress to Anne for her birthday, I saw the excitement in her eye as she tore off the (wrap) paper. 【答案】wrapping 【解析】句意：我把这条裙子当作生日礼物送给安妮时，当她一把撕开了包装纸时，我看到了她眼中的兴奋。wrapping paper“包装纸”是固定搭配，动名词wrapping作定语修饰paper，表功能。 2．The young girl has got a (dress) table as a present for her 18th birthday. 【答案】dressing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个年轻女孩收到了一张梳妆台，作为她十八岁的生日礼物。空处修饰名词table，表示用途，提示词的动名词形式dressing符合题意。故填dressing。 3．From the moment a worker tips seeds into the (sow) machine, robots take over. 【答案】sowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从工人将种子倒入播种机的那一刻起，机器人就开始接手工作了。此处修饰名词machine，表示机器的种类，用动名词sowing作定语。故填sowing。 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式作定语 1.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。 2.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 3.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 4.不定式与其所修饰词之间关系：动宾关系，主谓关系和同位关系。 She was the first student to win the international competition in our school’s history. 她是我校历史上首位在国际比赛中获奖的学生。（主谓关系） Reading widely can develop your ability to understand and analyze problems. 广泛阅读能够培养你理解和分析问题的能力。（同位关系） Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day.学生们抱怨说，每天总有没完没了的作业要完成。（动宾关系） 1.不定式作定语，有时需要考虑被动形式to be done表示一个被动的、将要发生的动作。 We still have plenty of meaningful things to do in the coming holiday. 在即将到来的假期里，我们还有不少有意义的事要做。 Lots of important details to be checked lie on the manager’s desk. 许多待核查的重要资料都摆在经理的办公桌上。 2.有时候出现for sb to do sth.句式，sb是不定式的逻辑主语。 It is a precious chance for us to experience different local cultures. 这是我们体验多样地域文化的宝贵机会。 This is a perfect platform for young students to show their real talent. 这是青年学子展现自身才华的绝佳平台。 3.对比：-ing短语作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作；-being done短语作定语表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；-ed短语作定语表示一个被动的、已经完成的动作。 The birds flying above the lake bring us much joy and relaxation. 湖面上方飞翔的鸟儿为我们带来诸多欢乐与惬意。 The new library being built nearby will open to us next term. 附近正在修建的新图书馆将于下学期对我们开放。 The bridge built ten years ago connects the two small villages well. 十年前建成的这座桥顺畅地连通着两个小村庄。 知识点02 分词作定语 1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being＋过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。 2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。 （2021·浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。 表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较： ①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. ②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky. ③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important. 知识点03动名词作定语 表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作 “ 供……用”讲，相当于介词 for 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机 a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖 能力1 根据语境，迅速判断不定式短语作定语 (1)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 (2)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 能力2 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断过去分词及短语作定语 过去分词及短语作定语，既表被动又表完成，有时只表完成，不表被动。 能力3 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断现在分词及短语作定语 现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行。 能力4 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断动名词及短语作定语 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作定语 1．（2027·河北省衡水市第二中学阶段检测）The journey was extremely dangerous. Travelers had to face harsh weather, bandits and disease. Despite these challenges, they were driven by the desire 3 (seek) wealth and knowledge. 【答案】to seek 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管存在这些挑战，但他们仍被寻求财富和知识的渴望所驱动。desire后需要接不定式作定语，表示“做某事的渴望”，所以用不定式形式to seek。 2.（2027·湖北武汉中学月考）Sun is not alone. On China’s lifestyle-sharing platform Xiaohongshu, posts about tea garden visits and tea culture experiences are becoming increasingly common. The enthusiasm for tea-picking experiences reflects a growing tendency among young Chinese 5 (step) into tradition in a more tangible way. 【答案】to step 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对采茶体验的热情反映出中国年轻人越来越倾向于以更可感知的方式走进传统。空处为后置定语修饰tendency，应填不定式to step，构成a tendency to do sth.结构，意为“做某事的倾向”。 3.（2027·河北省沧州市阶段检测）This tradition, (consist) of many short independent stories about teamwork and battles, shows the Hezhen people’s efforts (protect) their land. 【答案】consisting；to protect 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一传统由许多关于协作与战争的独立小故事组成，展现了赫哲人为保护自己土地所付出的努力。consist of表示“由……组成”，this tradition和consist是主动关系，用现在分词consisting作后置定语。 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一传统由许多关于协作与战争的独立小故事组成，展现了赫哲人为保护自己土地所付出的努力。固定搭配efforts to do sth. 表示“做某事的努力”，不定式to protect作后置定语。 4.（2027·辽宁沈阳市东北育才学校第二次模拟）Among these gifts, dried meat stood out as a common offering. By giving gifts, students expressed their gratitude for the teacher’s guidance on their intellectual and moral development. It was also a way 6 (ensure) the teacher’s well-being. 【答案】to ensure 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这也是确保老师生活安康的一种方式。a way to do sth.为固定结构，不定式作后置定语修饰way。 考向2 分词作定语 1.（2027·河北省衡水市第二中学阶段检测）Today, the ancient Silk Road has been given new life through the Belt and Road Initiative, whose aim is to promote global cooperation and shared development. Modern railways, highways and ports now follow the paths once 8 (walk) by camel caravans centuries ago. 【答案】walked 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现代铁路、高速公路和港口沿袭了几个世纪前骆驼商队走过的道路。句子已有谓语follow，空处是非谓语动词，作the paths的后置定语，walk“走，步行”和the paths逻辑上是被动关系，且结合“centuries ago”可知，动作已完成，因此用过去分词形式walked。 2.（2027·山西省太原市联考）Graceful eight movements are designed to strengthen and balance the body’s energy, also known as qi in Chinese philosophy. Dating back to the Song Dynasty, this practice is gaining new popularity especially among younger generations of Chinese 3 (face) the pressures of modern life. 【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种可追溯至宋代的锻炼方式正重新流行起来，尤其是在面临现代生活压力的中国年轻一代中。此处face与逻辑主语younger generations of Chinese是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 3.（2027·江苏扬州市第一中学教学质量调研评估）Have you heard of the term Start of Winter? There are things you may not know about it. Start of Winter is the first one of 24 Solar terms, among which it means winter is coming and crops 2 (harvest) in autumn should be stored up. 【答案】harvested 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：立冬是24节气中的第一个节气，这意味着冬天即将来临，秋天收获的庄稼应该储存起来。设空处修饰名词作定语，“harvest”和“crops”是被动关系，表示“被收割的庄稼”，所以用过去分词“harvested”，故填harvested。 4.（2027·河南周口市阶段性检测）For the family 4 (come) from Medellin in Colombia, they have acquired far beyond mere sightseeing — they have become part of the local community, celebrating festivals with great enthusiasm and enjoying daily routines just like any other Chinese family. 【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于这个来自哥伦比亚麦德林的家庭而言，他们所获得的远不止观光旅游——他们已融入当地社区，热情地参与节庆活动，享受着与其他中国家庭无异的日常生活。分此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the family，family与come 是主动关系，用现在分词coming。 5.（2027·河南信阳高级中学段检测）Following in the footsteps of Su Shi, one of the famous Song Dynasty poets, Dashan explores more than ten Chinese provinces. The title, 3 (draw) from Su Shi’s poem, reflects a man who/that was always on the move due to some issues. 【答案】drawn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：标题取自苏轼的一首诗，反映了一个因一些问题而不断漂泊的人。空处作非谓语动词，draw与逻辑主语The title之间是被动关系，应用过去分词drawn，作定语。 考向3 动名词作定语 1.Before being allowed to dive in the ocean, the trainees were introduced to the scuba equipment in the __________ (swim) pool. 【答案】swimming 【解析】考查动名词作定语。句意：在允许学员下海潜水前，他们先在__________（游泳）池中熟悉了水肺装备。这里说明pool的用途，故用动名词作定语。故填swimming。 2.（2027·安徽省马鞍山市第二中学教学质量监测）Originally constructed around 256 BCE by the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, Dujiangyan is a remarkable example of ancient 1 (engineer) skill and is still in use today. 【答案】engineering 【解析】考查名词。句意：它是古代工程技术的一个杰出范例，至今仍在使用。由空后skill为名词可知，此处为名词engineering“工程，工程学”作定语修饰该名词。故填engineering。 知识单元03 非谓语动词作状语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 状语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2025年天津高考一卷·语法填空5，1分）5．________（impress） the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. 【答案】To impress 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了给听众留下深刻印象，这位演讲者精心准备了一份详尽且引人入胜的演讲内容。“准备演示文稿”的目的是“为了给观众留下深刻印象”，不定式To impress表目的，符合语境。故填To impress。 命题解读 新情境：以“准备演讲”为背景，考查不定式作目的状语的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，将不定式置于句首强调目的状语。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查不定式问题。 2．（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空63，1.5分）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 命题解读 新情境：以“中外文化对比”为背景，培养学生的国际视野和爱国情怀。 新考法：考查不定式作目的状语的命题次数很多，作原因状语的较少，比较新的考法。 新角度：考查不定式作原因状语。 ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作 状语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2026·全国一卷·语法填空62，1.5分）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands which serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】Drawn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被街头小吃的香味所吸引，他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语，draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；且位于句首，首字母大写。 命题解读 新情境：以中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景为背景，感悟中国农村的人间烟火气息。 新考法：在具体的语言情境中考查过去分词作状语，不孤立考查语法知识。 新角度：考查过去分词与状语从句中的相互转化。 2.（2026·天津第一次高考·语法填空，1分）______ （check）time on the watch, all of us wondered if the VIP could come on time. 【答案】Checking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：查看手表上的时间后，我们所有人都在担心那位贵宾能否准时到达。此处现在分词作状语，all of us和check之间是主动关系，故填Checking。 3．（2025高考北京卷·语法填空17，1.5分） When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】traveling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 命题解读 新情境：以“接触不同文化和体验不同经历”为背景，感悟食物浪费和全球气候的变化。 新考法：在状语从句的省略中，考查现在分词作状语。 新角度：考查现在分词在状语从句中的运用。 4． (2024•新高考Ⅱ卷，64，1.5分)___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】Recalling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 1．作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。 3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。 4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。 5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。 5. (2023•全国乙卷，66，1.5分)　　　66　　　 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。 1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 要·点·整·合 知识点01不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 [2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。 (2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)；so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 知识点02分词作状语 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 [2020·江苏卷]Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.技术创新与良好的营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。 知识点03独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。 Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong. 从口音判断，他来自香港。 To tell you the truth, I am a little tired. 说实话，我有点累。 知识点04独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。 (1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。 (2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。 Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。 The test finished(＝When the test was finished),we began our holiday. 考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作状语 1.（2027·河南省许济平洛四市质量检测）Local governments have worked hard to reserve it. For example, the historical Gunan Street in Yixing was restored 63 (protect) its cultural heritage, which now attracts a new generation of craftsmen. 【答案】to protect 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，宜兴的历史古南街被修复以保护其文化遗产，如今吸引了新一代的工匠。此处表示修复目的是保护文化遗产，需用动词不定式作目的状语。 2.（2027·安徽合肥市四大名校联考）Instead of war scenes, the movie conveys a precious theme: peace is never easy 44 (gain). 【答案】to gain 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：电影传递一个珍贵主题：和平从来不易获得。句子构成“主语+be+adj+to do”结构，用不定式to gain作状语，主动形式表被动意义。 3.Yesterday I went to see my good friend, only (learn) that she had gone abroad a week before. 【答案】to learn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天我去看我的好朋友，却得知她一星期前就出国了。此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语，主语I与learn是主动关系，因此此处需要使用不定式的主动式与only搭配，构成结果状语，即“only to do sth.”表述出乎意料。故填to learn。 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 考向2 分词作状语 1.（2027·安徽合肥市四大名校联考）Welcome to Long Restaurant, directed by Wen Muye, has become a hit in the 2026 summer season. 36 (star) Shen Teng and Jiang Qiming, it has won praise at home and abroad, with its box office breaking 1 billion yuan in eight days. 【答案】Starring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由沈腾和蒋奇明主演，该片在国内外赢得赞誉，票房八天破十亿。句中已有谓语has won，空格处填入非谓语动词，star“由……主演”与其逻辑主语it（指电影）之间为主动关系，故用现在分词starring作状语，置于句首首字母大写。 2.（2027·江苏苏北五校（徐州三中、扬大附中等）10月联考） 59 (name) the “women’s happiness workshop”, the facility has become a platform where rural women gain self-worth and increase incomes. 【答案】Named 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：这个场所被命名为“妇女幸福工坊”，已经成为农村女性实现自我价值、提高收入的平台。name和句子主语the facility构成被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。注意首字母大写。 知识单元04 非谓语动词作宾语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 宾语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2025年全国高考一卷·语法填空65，1.5分）“We hope ____65____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 【答案】 to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 命题解读 新情境：以上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览为命题情境，巧妙融合了传统文化、人工智能与当代艺术，是中国传统文化中的哲思与智慧与现代科技结合的全新呈现。 新考法：命题情境中，通过hope考查其后的不定式作宾语。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查不定式作宾语的问题。 2.（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空，61,1.5分）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 不定式作宾语： ①常接不定式作宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…: ②it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French. ( 知识点 0 2 动名词 作 宾语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．（2026年1月浙江卷·语法填空62；1.5分）My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember 62 (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over the uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 【答案】being pushed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式，作宾语。故填being pushed。 命题解读 新情境：以回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光为命题情境，再现了往日母子的美好时光。 新考法：命题情境中，通过remember考查动名词的被动式是新颖的命题方向。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中运用动名词的被动式的用法。 2. （2026年全国二卷·语法填空64；1.5分）At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still 64 (be) early at 8 am. 【答案】being 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：课程结束时才早上八点，天色尚早，我却感觉十分清醒。despite为介词，后接动名词作宾语，be的动名词形式为being。 命题解读 新情境：以回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光为命题情境，再现了往日母子的美好时光。 新考法：命题情境中，通过despite考查动名词的复合结构是新颖的命题方向。 新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中运用动名词复合结构的用法。 3. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空64；1.5分）Before 64 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets. 【答案】heading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 4．（2025年1月浙江首考·语法填空，65,1.5分） I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】 returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。 要·点·整·合 知识点01只接不定式作宾语的动词： agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。 [2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。 知识点02只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。 It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ 知识点03接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词： (1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 (2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 (3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。 不定式和动名词作宾语的一般式，在一轮复习中基本掌握。二轮复习关键能力要突破：1.动名词的复合结构的用法；动名词的被动式；动名词的主动表被动的形式。2.不定式的被动式；不定式的完成式和进行式的用法。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作宾语 1.（2026·福建厦门期中）He pretended (finish) his homework when his mother checked, but the blank pages gave him away. 【答案】to have finished 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他妈妈检查时，他假装已经完成了作业，但空白的书页出卖了他。pretend to do sth.表示“假装做某事”，而这里“完成作业”这个动作发生在“妈妈检查”之前，要用不定式的完成式“to have done”结构，所以填“to have finished”，在句中作pretended的宾语。故填to have finished。 2. He pretended (read) when the teacher came in. 【答案】to be reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师进来时，他假装正在读书。“pretend to do sth.”是固定短语，其后用动词不定式作宾语；结合“when the teacher came in”可知，句中表示老师进来时，他假装正在读书，应用动词不定式的进行式to be reading强调动作正在发生。故填to be reading。 考向2 动名词作宾语 1.（2027·湖南长沙市模拟）Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in (solve) the world’s problems, but there is a high level of risk involved. 【答案】solving 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Popkid承认更先进的AI有助于解决全球问题，但其中存在很高的风险。根据“in”可知，此空是动名词solving作宾语，表示“解决”。be helpful in doing sth意为“有助于做某事”。 2.（2027·广东省湛江市湛江市八校联考）Two versions of robot “N2” took second and third places, with one crossing the finish line after (have) its taped-on head reattached. 【答案】having 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两个版本的机器人“N2”分别获得了第二和第三名，其中一个在头部重新戴上胶带后越过了终点线。after为介词，后应用动名词作宾语，“have”的动名词形式为“having”。故填having。 知识单元05 非谓语动词作宾补 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 宾补 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2026年1月浙江卷·语法填空56，1.5分）There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 56 (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 【答案】to finish 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣，但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find，此处为非谓语动词，wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”，所以用finish的不定式形式to finish，作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 命题解读 新情境：以回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光为命题情境，考查不定式作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了wait for sb/sth to do sth.固定搭配的用法。 新角度：考查学生在实际情境中运用不定式的能力而不是直接孤立考查不定式问题。 2．（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空61，1.5分）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　61　　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。 命题解读 新情境：以“传统文化小笼包”为命题情境，考查不定式作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了allow … to do的形式，但根据语境应用不定式的被动式，这是新考法。 新角度：用学生熟悉的不定式的知识点，考查容易被忽视的不定式的被动式。 动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。二轮复习一定避免这个问题，做到查漏补缺。 3.This activity not only raised our awareness of environmental protection, but also reminded us _________ (pay) attention to our behaviour. 【答案】to pay 【解析】考查不定式作宾补。句意：这项活动不仅提高了我们对环境保护的意识，也提醒我们注意自己的行为。 此处是remind sb to do sth，to pay是宾补。故填to pay。 不定式作宾语补足语： ①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/ need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……: 例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more. ②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。 1）Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home. ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作 宾补 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2025年天津高考一卷）15．The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________（carry）out in the next school year. 【答案】carried 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室，老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构，construction project与carry out之间是被动关系，即项目“被实施”，强调被动和完成的意义，应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故填carried。 命题解读 新情境：以“建造人工智能实验室”为命题情境，考查过去分词作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了see sth done的用法。 新角度：考查学生在实际情境中运用过去分词的能力而不是直接孤立考查分词问题。 2.9．（2025年天津高考一卷）With robots ________（perform） various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. 【答案】performing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着机器人执行各种工业任务，工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系，应现在分词表主动。故填performing。 命题解读 新情境：以“机器人”为命题情境，考查现在分词作宾补的用法。 新考法：命题情境中，考查了with复合结构中作宾语补足语的形式，但根据语境robots和perform之间是主谓关系，这是新考法。 新角度：在with复合结构中考查现在分词作宾语补足语是新角度。 3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空65，1.5分）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 　　　65　　　 (want) more next time.  【答案】wanting　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。 4.（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times 　　　　　　 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【答案】 decorated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 5.（2020新课标III卷·语法填空69，1.5分）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds_______69_____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【答案】surrounding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，surrounding the mountain tops作宾补，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。 1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall. 她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。 2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。 They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year. 他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。 4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。 要·点·整·合 知识点01不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。 (1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 (2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。 The president was reported to have visited China. 据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。 知识点02分词作宾补 (1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。 Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。 He found himself surrounded by so many strangers. 他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。 (3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点： ①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事； ②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事； get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事； ③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。 with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 能力1 根据语境，迅速判断不定式作宾补 (1)熟记常接不定式作宾补的动词，并熟练掌握变被动语态后主语补足语带to的要点。 (2) “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要发生的行为。 能力2 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断过去分词或现在分词作宾补 (1)熟记常接分词作宾补的动词。 (2) 掌握“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中宾补。 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作宾补 1.（2026·云南省摸底）I had already reminded her (think) twice before buying anything, but my wife ignored what I said and replied confidently, “With the Chinese New Year approaching, preparation is necessary. 【答案】to think 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我已经提醒过她在买东西之前要三思，但我妻子没有理会我的话，而是自信地回答说:“随着中国新年的临近，准备是必要的。”而且，我已经整整一个星期没有在网上买东西了。”remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事，此处为动词不定式作宾补。故填to think。 2．Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed (shoot) as many as they wished. 【答案】to shoot 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，大象将有灭绝的危险。allow sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处为被动语态be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”，所以空处需填动词不定式。故填to shoot。 3．The advanced scanning technology enables every tiny detail of the sample (examine) with great precision. 【答案】to be examined 【解析】句意：先进的扫描技术使得能够以极高的精度检测样品的每一个微小细节。enable sth./sb. to do“使某物/人能够做某事”且every tiny detail of the sample与examine为被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式to be examined，作宾补。 4．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 【答案】to chat 【解析】句意：一家科技公司研发出一款无屏幕智能手机，能让孩子们和亲人聊天且不受触屏干扰。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处使用to chat作宾补。 考向2 分词作宾补 1.（2026·湖南部分学校高三一模）Duan grew up on an indigo farm that goes back five generations, with her family’s business (produce) hand-dyed fabrics. 【答案】producing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：段女士成长于一个有着五代传承的靛蓝农场，她的家族主要从事手工染色布料的生产。此处produce与其逻辑主语business构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。 2.（2026·贵州黔西南二模）And each five-member team must complete all five events, with individual athletes (specialize) in one discipline. 【答案】specializing/specialising 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每支五人队伍必须完成全部五个项目，每位运动员专攻其中一个单项。此处为with的复合结构，athletes与specialize为主动关系，使用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填specializing/specialising。 3.（2026·安徽合肥市第八中学高三预测）Food plays a key role as well. A typical dish is five-color glutinous rice, with each color (stand) for good wishes like health and happiness. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一道典型菜肴是五色糯米饭，每种颜色代表着诸如健康、幸福等美好祝愿。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，each color为宾语，此处stand为宾补，each color与stand之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词standing作宾补。 知识单元06 非谓语动词作主语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 主语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．（2026年全国一卷·语法填空56；1.5分）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 【答案】to be held 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 命题解读 新情境：以中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景为命题情境，展现了中国农村烟火气息。 新考法：命题情境中，通过形式主语it的句型结构考查不定式的复合结构作主语。 新角度：在长难句中考查不定式的被动形式作主语。 2. （2021·英语全国甲卷·语法填空，63,1.5分）It is possible ___63___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 【答案】to walk 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：步行或骑自行车跑完整个14公里是可能的。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。 不定式作主语： 1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。 3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语： A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth. 【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】 B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth. 【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】 1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old. 2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do. ( 知识点 0 2 动名词 作 主语 ) 真·题·动·向 1. （2018新课标III卷·语法填空65，1.5分）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____65________(challenge). 【答案】challenged 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速放下身子，低下头，避免直接看他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。 2．（2027·河北石家庄·期中）_________ (admit) his mistake bravely won him respect from his teachers and classmates. 【答案】Admitting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他勇于承认自己的错误，这使他赢得了老师和同学们的尊重。空格处作主语，应该用动名词形式admitting，位于句首，首字母应该大写。 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式作主语 不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。 [2021·全国甲卷]It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。 知识点02 动名词作主语 动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...; It's no use/good doing...; It is useless doing...; There is no point doing... 等。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 It's no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。 1.掌握不定式作主语三种情况。2.判断不定式是主动还是被动形式。3.注意主谓一致。4.熟悉动名词的各种形式作主语，明确动名词作主语的意义。5.熟记It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的句型 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作主语 1. (change) bad habits is never easy, but as long as you persist, you will succeed. 【答案】To change 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：改变坏习惯从来都不是一件容易的事，但只要你坚持，你就会成功。设空处应填动词不定式作主语，强调“改变”这个动作需要主动执行，位于句首时，首字母需大写。故填To change。 动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。 2．It’s good (spend) time with my family, although it can get a bit boring in my hometown after a while. 【答案】to spend 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间和家人在一起是很好的，尽管在我的家乡待一段时间后可能会有点无聊。设空处应填动词不定式作真正的主语，构成固定句型It’s+adj.+to do sth，表示“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to spend。 3．It’s a great honour for me (stand) here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”. 【答案】to stand 【解析】句意：我很荣幸站在这里发表题为《做明智的网络学习者》的演讲。 固定句型It’s an honour for sb. to do sth. 意为“某人很荣幸做某事”，it是形式主语，此处用不定式作真正主语。 考向2动名词作主语 1． (accustom) to speaking in public is what the position of Sales Director is required. 【答案】Being accustomed 【解析】句意：习惯在公共场所讲话是销售总监这个职位所要求的。be accustomed to意为“习惯于”，在句中作主语，用动名词形式being accustomed，句首单词首字母大写。 2．【新情境】(2026·上海市敬业中学期中)________ (turn) over the pages brings back the taste, the laughter, and the feeling of that moment. 【答案】Turning 【解析】此处应用动名词作主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Turning。 3.【新考法】The girl's (educate) in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. 【答案】being educated 【解析】考查动名词。句意：这个女孩在简朴的生活环境中接受教育是她父母所希望的。结合语境，girl与educate是被动关系，用动名词被动形式作主语。The girl's being educated是动名词复合结构作主语，故填being educated。 知识单元07 非谓语动词作表语 ( 知识点 01 不定式作 表语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．1．To deal with the plastic pollution, the best approach is not (ban) plastics, but to manage them more carefully. 【答案】to ban 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了应对塑料污染，最好的方法不是禁止塑料，而是更仔细地管理它们。本空在句中作表语，表示具体的动作，用ban“禁止”的不定式形式，否定形式是在不定式前加not。故填to ban。 2．The main goal of the exhibition is (promote) mutual understanding between Eastern and Western civilizations. 【答案】to promote 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次展览的主要目标是促进东西方文明之间的相互理解。 “(promote) mutual understanding”作表语，用非谓语形式，结合句意和主语goal(目标)可知，描述尚未发生的事情，应用不定式表目的或将来。故填to promote。 ( 知识点 0 2 分词 作 表语 ) 真·题·动·向 1.（2018新课标III卷·语法填空65，1.5分）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____65________(challenge). 【答案】challenged 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速放下身子，低下头，避免直接看他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。 2．Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 【答案】motivating 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：进步总是激励人的；任何小的进步都会激发积极情绪，而那会让你更有干劲。空处用现在分词作表语，表示“激励人的”，用作表语的分词通常具有形容词性质，现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，故填motivating。 3．The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. 【答案】absorbing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这出戏的情节如此吸引人，女孩被它吸引住了。分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词形式。修饰前面主语，指物用动词现在分词形式，相当于形容词作表语，absorbing吸引人的，符合题意。故填absorbing。 4．It’s hard to keep your nerve when people keep (interrupt) you. 【答案】interrupting 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：当人们不停地打断你时，你很难保持镇定。keep doing sth.是固定短语，意为“坚持做某事”，因此空格处用现在分词interrupting做表语，故填interrupting。 ( 知识点 0 3 动名词 作 表语 ) 真·题·动·向 1．What he likes most is (swim) in the sea during summer vacation. 【答案】swimming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最喜欢做的事是暑假去海里游泳。此处用非谓语动词作表语，结合句意，此处表示长期的喜好，使用动名词形式用来具体说明主语从句What he likes most的内容。故填swimming。 2. What worries me most is her ________ (stay) too late every night. 【答案】staying 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：最让我担心的是她每天晚上都呆得太晚。分析句子可知，这里应用动名词作表语，而her为动名词的逻辑主语。故填staying。 3.My favorite hobby is (read) classic novels, which enriches my knowledge and vision. 【答案】reading 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：我最喜欢的爱好是阅读经典小说，这丰富了我的知识和见识。此处需用动名词形式作表语，解释说明主语My favorite hobby的具体内容，read的动名词形式为reading。故填reading。 要·点·整·合 知识点01 不定式作表语 不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 知识点02 分词作表语 过去分词 ①过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在连系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. 她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的场面吓着了。 ②现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 现在分词 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” 常用的这类词有： His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged． 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 ③过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 现在分词 现在分词作表语说明主语的特征(即“令人...的”)。 Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 知识点03 动名词作表语 (1)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job. 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 (2)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。 She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。 It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。 1.动名词作表语表示一般性、习惯性的动作或行为，不定式作表语表示具体的、一次性动作。2.掌握“主语+be+to do”句型。3. 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别 思·维·迁·移 考向1 不定式作表语 1．The ultimate goal of the research project is (explore) new energy sources that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. 【答案】to explore 【解析】本题考查不定式。句意：这个研究项目的最终目标是探索对环境友好和可持续发展的新能源。主语“goal”是表目标的名词，表语需用不定式“to explore”明确目标的具体内容。故填to explore。 2． The latest information confirms my belief that he is (blame) for the accident. 【答案】 to blame 【解析】考查不定式和固定短语。句意：最新的消息证实了我的看法，他应对这次事故负责。be to blame (for sth)为固定短语，意为“对……负有责任”，不定式作表语。故填to blame。 考向2 分词作表语 1．It’s important to get (prepare) not just for success but also for possible failures. 【答案】prepared 【解析】句意：既要为成功做好准备，也要为可能的失败做好准备，这一点很重要。此处考查固定搭配get prepared for，表示“为……做好准备”，符合语境。 2．Look!The student seated in the corner of the classroom is (bury) in a novel while the teacher is giving a lesson. 【答案】buried 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：看！坐在教室角落里的那个学生正在老师讲课时埋头看小说。be buried in“埋头于……，忙于……”是固定搭配，过去分词buried作表语。故填buried。 3．She remained （stand）though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然我们再三地请她坐下，她还是站着。remain doing一直做某事，符合题意，故填standing。 4．The tips given in this book are useful and (motivate). 【答案】motivating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书中给出的建议是有用的和激励的。作表语，此处表示激励人的，应用现在分词motivating，作表语。故填motivating。 考向3 动名词作表语 1.(2026·浙江省稽阳联谊一模)Though I excelled academically，my passion was ________ (cook), a path my mother hesitated to support due to its challenges. 【答案】cooking 【解析】此处指“我热衷的爱好是烹饪”，应用动名词作表语。故填cooking。 2.The most important thing is (keep) calm when facing difficulties. 【答案】keeping 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：面对困难时，最重要的是保持冷静。“保持冷静” 是抽象的处事原则，用动名词keeping作表语，表长期适用的状态。故填keeping。 3.What he enjoys most is (play) basketball with his teammates after school. 【答案】playing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最喜欢的事情就是放学后和队友一起打篮球。设空处作表语，与主语 what 从句，表“喜欢的事”，动名词作表语表习惯性动作。故填playing。 知识单元08 非谓语动词综合运用 非谓语动词在语篇中的运用，解题指导 确定作非谓语 分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又无连词时，则考虑填非谓语动词。 方法1 非谓语动词作状语 1．寻找线索 (1)挖空句有谓语动词，通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。 (2)我们需要认真分析句子结构，明确句子成分，先甄别出句子的主干，再确定用哪种形式作状语。 2．解题指导 (1)找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。 (2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 (3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式： ①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用to do; 表出乎意料的结果，用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用doing。 ②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用to be done; 表动作已经发生，用done。 方法2 非谓语动词作定语 1．寻找线索 (1)空格可在名词或代词之前，也可在名词或代词之后，对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。 (2)如果有逗号隔开，放在名词或代词之后，通常对该名词进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2．解题指导 (1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。 (2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。 (3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。 方法3 非谓语动词作表语 1．寻找线索 非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。 2．解题指导 (1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。 (2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。 (3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。 方法4 非谓语动词作宾语 1．寻找线索 动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构： 得分速记 (1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意to的身份识别。 (2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。 (3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2．解题指导 (1)仔细观察挖空的句子。 (2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。 (3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。 方法5 非谓语动词作主语 1．寻找线索 主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。 2．解题指导 (1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing还是to do作主语。 (2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。 (3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型： ①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth ②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth ③It takes sb＋some time/money＋to do sth 方法 6 非谓语动词作补足语 1．寻找线索 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。 得分速记 (1)不定式作宾补：allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb to do sth。 (2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。 (3)with复合结构 ①with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生； ②with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行； ③with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已完成。 2．解题指导 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。 (3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+ 知·识·串·联 重·点·解·读 解读01 非谓语动词+谓语动词 （2027·河北省保定市摸底）____（face）with the complex challenges of collapsed buildings and damaged roads, Chinese rescue teams made use of multiple high-tech equipment ______（provide）crucial support for the rescue efforts. 【分析】先判断主句的谓语动词，本句是一个长难句，主句是Chinese rescue teams made use of multiple high-tech equipment ______（provide）crucial support for the rescue efforts.根据句子结构可知，made use of 是主句的谓语动词，所以face和provide都定位为非谓语动词，前面是be faced with的改写形式，可改写为when Chinese rescue teams were faced with...damaged roads,因与主句的主语一致，故改写为过去分词短语作状语，故得Faced with the complex challenges of collapsed buildings and damaged roads, 本句后面provide作made use of的目的状语，故填to provide。本句是非谓语动，主句+非谓语动词结构。 【句意】面对建筑物倒塌和道路受损等复杂挑战，中国救援队伍利用多种高科技设备为救援工作提供了关键支持。 【答案】Faced；to provide 解读02 非谓语动词+并列结构 __________（walk） along the river and listening to the birds singing, Tom not only forgot his tiredness but also came up with a wonderful idea for his science project. 【分析】Walking...and listening...：两个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语；not only forgot...but also came up...：并列连词连接两个谓语动词；句子以非谓语开头，主干为 not only...but also 并列结构。 【句意】汤姆沿着河边散步，听着鸟儿歌唱，不仅忘记了疲惫，还想出了科学项目的一个绝妙点子。 【答案】Walking 解读03 非谓语动词+复杂从句 1.__________（finish） the experiment that his supervisor had designed for the whole team, the young researcher submitted a report which explained every unexpected result in detail. 【分析】非谓语动词：Having finished the experiment（现在分词完成式，作时间状语） 从句1：that his supervisor had designed for the whole team（定语从句，修饰 experiment） 从句2：which explained every unexpected result in detail（定语从句，修饰 report） 【句意】完成了导师为整个团队设计的实验后，这位年轻的研究者提交了一份报告，报告详细解释了每一个意外结果。 【答案】Having finished 2. __________（make） sure that every student could follow the lecture, the teacher, who had prepared a detailed handout, made it clear that the assignment would be graded on the basis of the process rather than the final answer. 【分析】 To make sure that... 为不定式短语作目的状语，其中嵌套 that 引导的宾语从句；主句主语 the teacher 后接 who 引导的非限制性定语从句；谓语 made 后接形式宾语 it，真正宾语为 that 引导的从句，clear 作宾语补足语，不定式 to be graded 作后置修饰。 【句意】为了确保每位学生都能跟上讲课内容，这位准备了详细讲义的老师明确表示，作业将依据过程而非最终答案来评分。 【答案】To make 解读04 非谓语动词+复合结构构成的复杂句子 _______ the deadline approaching and the data still not fully analyzed, the research team, which had been working overtime for weeks, decided to postpone the presentation that they had originally scheduled for Friday. 【分析】 With the deadline approaching and the data still not fully analyzed 为 with 复合结构作原因状语，其中 approaching 为现在分词、analyzed 为过去分词；主句主语 the research team 后接 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，宾语 the presentation 后接 that 引导的限制性定语从句。 【句意】随着截止日期临近、数据仍未完全分析完毕，已经连续加班数周的研究小组决定推迟原定于周五举行的汇报。 【答案】With 解读05 同一非谓语动词在不同题型中可以考查不同的语法形式 1._______（judge） from the confused expressions on the faces of the students who had just read the lengthy passage, the teacher realized that the instructions she had given before the exercise must have been far too complicated for them to follow. 【分析】Judging from… 为分词短语作状语，表判断依据，逻辑主语为 the teacher（主动）。who had just read the lengthy passage 为定语从句修饰 students。that the instructions… 为宾语从句，其中 she had given before the exercise 又是修饰 instructions 的定语从句，形成三层嵌套。（注意：judging from不管主语是什么，都用‑ing） 【句意】从那些刚读完这篇冗长文章的学生脸上困惑的表情来判断，老师意识到她在练习前给出的指令对学生们来说一定太过复杂，难以照做。 【答案】Judging 2._______（judge）by the standards of the international committee that reviewed the project last month, the proposal, though ambitious in design, was considered impractical, and it was eventually returned to the team for further revision. 【分析】Judged by… 为过去分词短语作状语，与主句主语 the proposal 构成被动关系（提案"被评判"）。 that reviewed the project last month 为定语从句修饰 committee。though ambitious in design 为让步状语（省略结构）。主句含并列谓语 was considered… 与 was eventually returned…，结构完整且信息密集。 【句意】按照上个月评审该项目的国际委员会所定的标准来评判，这份提案虽然设计上雄心勃勃，却被认为不切实际，最终被退回给团队作进一步修改。 【答案】Judged 解读06 理清谓语动词和非谓语动词 ①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it. ②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention (fix) on it. ③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it. 【答案】①was fixed　②fixed　③fixing 【解析】三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，句①为and连接的两个并列句，通过对其时态、语态的分析可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；句②后半句为with复合结构；句③后半句为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。 真·题·动·向 考向01 非谓语动词+语法填空 （2026·新课标I卷·高考真题）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____ Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____ (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____ what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 【答案】 56．to be held 57．frequency 58．the 59．were 60．necessities 61．for 62．Drawn 63．that/which 64．heading 65．cheaper 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景。 56．to be held考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 57．frequency考查名词。句意：大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”，不可数名词。 58．考查冠词。句意：大集起源于古代民间以物易物的习俗，可追溯至汉朝。专有名词Han Dynasty特指“汉朝”，需用定冠词the限定。 59．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语，时间状语“In the old days”表明用一般过去时态，主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念，谓语用复数形式were。 60．necessities考查名词复数。句意：由于当时交通和通讯都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。名词necessity意为“必需品”时通常用复数形式，泛指日常所需的多种物品。 61．考查介词。句意：作为解决办法，人们在固定的日子里聚集到特定地点，用自己多余的物品来交换自己需要的东西。“trade A for B”是固定搭配，表示“用A交换B”。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：被街头小吃的香味所吸引，他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语，draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；且位于句首，首字母大写。 63．考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 64．heading考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 65．考查形容词比较级。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。提示词作后置定语修饰prices，且设空处后有“than”，应用比较级cheaper。 考向02 非谓语动词+应用文 （2024·全国I卷·应用文，15分）假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： （1）你完成的作品； （2）你的感想。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. We were tasked to draw or paint something impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers. The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted. In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Chris写一封信, 分享在公园上美术课的经历。 【非谓语动词句子】 1.I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.(不定式短语作目的状语) 2.We were tasked to draw or paint something impressed us most.(过去分词短语作定语) 3.Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.(过去分词短语作状语和定语) 4.The entire experience was incredibly refreshing.(现在分词短语作表语) 5. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life.(现在分词短语作状语) 考向03 非谓语动词+读后续写 （2026·全国一卷·读后续写，25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan, set out on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas. Although she had heard warnings about an approaching snowstorm, she didn’t give it much thought. She assumed that much like in Michigan, police would simply detour (使绕道) traffic around any closed sections of the highway. But that didn’t happen. As the snow came down more and more heavily, Emily was directed off the highway. She drove on for a while and found herself on an unfamiliar road toward a Canadian town. The blinding whiteout made driving nearly impossible. At one point, Emily’s car got stuck. After a struggle, she managed to free the vehicle and continued inching along the snow-covered road. As night fell, panic set in. While Emily was driving on a narrow stretch of road, her car slid into a ditch (沟). She tried to call for help but found no signal on her phone. Seeing no hope of immediate rescue, Emily decided to spend the night in her car. She wrapped herself in a blanket, waiting for morning. To stay warm, she ran her engine for a few minutes every now and then. Eventually, she fell asleep. Emily awoke to a gentle knock on her car window. Standing outside were Daniel and his wife Rachel, who noticed the stranded (被困的) vehicle on their way home and stopped to see if they could help. When Emily rolled down the window, Rachel asked if she was okay and told her it was not safe to stay overnight in the car. With genuine warmth in her voice, Rachel said they could take Emily to a nearby cafe they knew. Grateful and relieved, Emily accepted the offer. In the cafe, the couple bought Emily a hot chocolate and listened patiently as she explained her desperate situation: she was about a hundred miles from her destination, her car was completely stuck, and her entire holiday plan could be ruined. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右。 (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Daniel and Rachel suggested that Emily continue her journey by train. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three days later, Emily returned to get her car. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Daniel and Rachel suggested that Emily continue her journey by train. Realizing the wisdom in their advice, Emily agreed without hesitation. The kind couple immediately drove her to the local station and even helped her purchase a ticket. Wrapped in their thick coats, Emily boarded the train, her heart filled with immense gratitude. Hours later, she finally arrived in Toronto. Walking onto the platform, she was instantly enveloped in her boyfriend’s tight embrace, tears of joy and relief welling up in her eyes as she recounted her perilous adventure and the heartwarming rescue by strangers. Three days later, Emily returned to get her car. The fierce storm had completely passed, leaving the streets blanketed in sparkling white snow. With the assistance of local police and tow truck drivers, her vehicle was successfully pulled out of the ditch. Holding a small gift box, Emily visited Daniel and Rachel’s home to express her heartfelt thanks. They smiled warmly, insisting that helping others was simply what neighbors do. This unforgettable experience taught Emily a profound lesson: while reckless love can lead to danger, the unexpected kindness of strangers can melt the coldest winter. 【解析】本文以冬日遇险获救为线索展开，讲述艾米丽不顾暴雪预警驱车前往多伦多过圣诞，途中遭遇暴雪、车辆被困、手机无信号，陷入绝境，最终被好心夫妇丹尼尔和瑞秋救助，在陌生人的善意帮助下顺利抵达目的地、收获温暖与成长的故事。 1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写艾米丽采纳夫妇的火车出行建议，二人热心送她乘车，她顺利抵达多伦多与男友团聚。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写风雪过后艾米丽回来取回车辆，登门致谢好心夫妇，感悟陌生人善意的珍贵。 2.续写线索：采纳建议——热心相助——乘车赶路——顺利团聚——返程取车——登门致谢——感悟善意 【非谓语动词的经典句子】 1.Wrapped in their thick coats, Emily boarded the train, her heart filled with immense gratitude.（运用了过去分词短语作状语以及独立主格结构作状语） 2.The fierce storm had completely passed, leaving the streets blanketed in sparkling white snow.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 3.Realizing the wisdom in their advice, Emily agreed without hesitation. （运用了现在分词短语作状语） 4.Walking onto the platform, she was instantly enveloped in her boyfriend’s tight embrace, tears of joy and relief welling up in her eyes as she recounted her perilous adventure and the heartwarming rescue by strangers.（运用了现在分词短语作状语，独立主格结构作状语，状语从句） 5.The fierce storm had completely passed, leaving the streets blanketed in sparkling white snow. （运用了现在分词短语作结果状语） 6.Holding a small gift box, Emily visited Daniel and Rachel’s home to express her heartfelt thanks.（运用了现在分词短语和不定式短语作状语） 7.They smiled warmly, insisting that helping others was simply what neighbors do.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 思·维·迁·移 考向01 非谓语动词+语法填空 （2027·山东省济南第一中学段考）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Grand Canal, the world’s longest man-made waterway, is a monumental engineering achievement that stretches over 1,794 kilometers across central and eastern China. Its width may vary, but at its 36 (wide), the Canal is up to 131 feet. This vast canal system extends from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang province in the south, 37 (cross) numerous provincial-level regions. 38 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, the Grand Canal continues to be a significant cultural and historical landmark that reflects brilliant ancient Chinese 39 (civilize). The origins of the Grand Canal can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476 BC), 40 its earliest sections were established. During the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Guang recognized the need for a comprehensive transportation network to facilitate the movement of goods, people, and military 41 (force) across the unified nation. In 605 AD, he started the ambitious project 42 (construct) the Grand Canal, which was completed in 611 AD, connecting the Yellow River with the Yangtze River. This massive undertaking marked 43 creation of the world’s largest civil engineering project prior to the Industrial Revolution. Historically, the Grand Canal 44 (be) a crucial lifeline for ancient China’s economy, facilitating the transport of agricultural produce, especially grain, from the fertile southern regions to the northern capitals. Today, it is recognized 45 a model of hydraulic engineering and evidence for human creativity and adaptability in overcoming natural challenges. 【答案】 36．widest 37．crossing 38．Listed 39．civilization 40．when 41．forces 42．to construct 43．the 44．was 45．as 【解析】介绍了世界最长人工水道——大运河的概况、历史发展与文化价值。 36．考查形容词。句意：它的宽度可能各不相同，但在最宽处，运河可达131英尺。固定搭配at its widest 表示“最宽处”，此处用形容词最高级。wide的最高级为widest。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个庞大的运河系统北起北京，南至浙江省，跨越众多省级行政区。句子主语This vast canal system与cross是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：大运河于2014年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，至今仍是一处重要的文化历史地标，反映了辉煌的中国古代文明。主语the Grand Canal和list之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。 39．考查名词。句意：大运河于2014年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，至今仍是一处重要的文化历史地标，反映了辉煌的中国古代文明。ancient Chinese后接名词；civilize是动词，名词形式为civilization（文明）。 40．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：大运河的起源可以追溯到春秋时期（公元前770‑476年），那时它最早的河段被修建出来。先行词the Spring and Autumn Period表示时间，定语从句缺少时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 41．考查名词复数。句意：隋朝期间，杨广皇帝意识到需要一个综合交通网络，以便利货物、人员以及军队在统一国家内的调动。military forces为固定短语，意为“军队”，force此处表示武装力量，常用复数。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：公元605年，他开启了这项宏伟的工程来修建大运河，于公元 611 年竣工，连通了黄河与长江。此处用不定式作目的状语。 43．考查冠词。句意：这项浩大的工程标志着工业革命之前世界上最大土木工程的诞生。creation后面有后置定语限定，表特指，要用定冠词the。 44．考查动词时态。句意：从历史上看，大运河曾是古代中国经济至关重要的生命线，促进了农产品（尤其是粮食）从富饶的南方地区运往北方都城。根据Historically以及ancient China可知描述过去的事情，主语the Grand Canal为单数，be动词用was。 45．考查固定介词搭配。句意：如今，它被公认为水利工程的典范，也是人类克服自然挑战所展现创造力与适应力的证明。固定短语 be recognized as：被公认为……。 考向02 非谓语动词+应用文 （2027·宁夏银川检测）假定你是李华，你校英语节计划举办英语短视频比赛，负责人Jenny提出“The joy of travelling”和“Music lights us up”两个主题，向大家征集意见。请给Jenny写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.你的选择； 2.阐述理由。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jenny, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jenny, Knowing that our school English Festival will hold an English short video competition, I’m writing to share my choice and reasons. I’d choose “The joy of travelling”. Travel turns ordinary days into stories: a sunrise over mountains, a warm smile from a stranger, or a bite of local food can all speak louder than words. For a short video, these vivid moments are easy to capture and fun to share. More importantly, while showing beautiful scenery, we can also present friendly Chinese people and rich culture, helping classmates see the world and themselves more clearly. Besides, it is easy for everyone to join in with a phone and a curious heart. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，针对学校英语节即将举办的英语短视频比赛，向负责人Jenny写一封邮件，说明自己的主题选择并阐述具体理由。 【非谓语动词的经典句子】 1.Knowing that our school English Festival will hold an English short video competition, I’m writing to share my choice and reasons.(运用了现在分词短语作原因状语，that引导的宾语从句和动词不定式短语作目的状语)   【高分句型2】More importantly, while showing beautiful scenery, we can also present friendly Chinese people and rich culture, helping classmates see the world and themselves more clearly.(运用了while引导的时间状语从句省略句和现在分词短语作状语) 2.For a short video, these vivid moments are easy to capture and fun to share.(运用不定式短语作状语) 3.More importantly, while showing beautiful scenery, we can also present friendly Chinese people and rich culture, helping classmates see the world and themselves more clearly.(运用现在分词短语作状语) 4.Besides, it is easy for everyone to join in with a phone and a curious heart.(运用现不定式短语作主语) 考向03 非谓语动词+读后续写 （2027·湖南湘潭县第一中学月考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 After a particularly stressful day at work, with meetings dragging on endlessly, I returned home only to get into a heated argument with my teenage daughter, Megan. Needing to clear my head, I decided to go for an evening walk. As I stepped out, the sky was already getting cloudier, but I still slowed my pace, trying to soak in the quiet and peacefulness of the evening. That’s when I noticed her — a cute Jack Russell Terrier. I knelt down to pet her, and her ears felt as soft as velvet between my fingers. At that moment, a strange thought flashed through my mind: this little creature seemed to be a sign, a break from the chaos I was in. I continued my walk, thinking she would find her way home on her own. But the little dog walked beside and kept pace with me along the way, as if we were age-old companions. As the sky darkened and the rain began to pour, I wondered if I should just take her home. Ironically, Megan had been asking for a new pet for some time. However, my husband, John, and I had resisted her requests because we were looking forward to a little more freedom, especially with Megan soon leaving for college. Besides, Megan and I had not exactly seen eye-to-eye earlier that day. I didn’t want it to seem as if I was rewarding her after yet another argument. As it began to rain cats and dogs, I made my decision. Together, we jogged the final half-mile home in the rain. When we arrived, Megan and John were surprised to see the new addition to our family. The Terrier ran straight to Megan, jumping into her lap and claiming her as her own. To know if the dog had owners who were looking for her, we contacted Animal Control. They confirmed she didn’t have an identification chip and offered us the option of leaving her at the shelter or keeping her at home for a two-week waiting period before we could officially adopt her. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Megan looked up at us with begging eyes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: As the two-week waiting period came to an end, a piece of a good news came. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】Paragraph 1: Megan looked up at us with begging eyes. Her bright eyes were filled with earnest longing as she gently stroked the little dog’s soft fur, refusing to let go. She apologized sincerely for the earlier quarrel, admitting that she had been impulsive and stubborn. She promised to take full responsibility for the puppy, feeding, bathing and accompanying it in her spare time. Watching the harmonious scene of the dog nuzzling Megan affectionately, my heart melted instantly. All the anger and friction between us faded away. My husband and I exchanged a soft glance and finally nodded in agreement, deciding to keep the lovely little dog for the two-week waiting period. Paragraph 2: As the two-week waiting period came to an end, a piece of a good news came. Animal Control informed us that no owner had come to claim the Jack Russell Terrier, meaning we were eligible for official adoption. Over the two weeks, the puppy had brought endless joy and warmth to our family. Most importantly, it bridged the gap between Megan and me. We no longer quarreled frequently and learned to communicate patiently and understand each other. The stressful and chaotic days were replaced by warmth and laughter. What a precious surprise this little angel was! It was the best remedy for my bad mood and the most beautiful bond for our family. 【解析】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述作者在工作压力巨大、又和女儿Megan激烈争吵之后，出门散步散心，偶遇一只杰克罗素梗小狗。小狗一路跟随作者，恰逢大雨，作者便把小狗带回了家。女儿一直想要宠物，但作者夫妇原本并不打算养。他们联系动物管理部门，得知小狗没有身份芯片，可以选择送去收容所或者在家留观两周，期满后正式办理收养。这个意外到来的小狗，有望化解母女之间的矛盾，给家庭带来新的温暖。 1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写Megan恳求作者收留小狗，为之前的争吵道歉并承诺会照顾小狗，作者和丈夫同意了。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写消息的具体内容，作者一家可以正式收养小狗以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：Megan恳求作者收留小狗——道歉——承诺照顾小狗——同意——正式收养小狗——感悟 【非谓语动词的经典句子】 1.She apologized sincerely for the earlier quarrel, admitting that she had been impulsive and stubborn.（运用了现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句） 2.Her bright eyes were filled with earnest longing as she gently stroked the little dog’s soft fur, refusing to let go.（运用了as引导时间状语从句，现在分词作状语） 3.She promised to take full responsibility for the puppy, feeding, bathing and accompanying it in her spare time.（运用了现在分词作状语） 4.Watching the harmonious scene of the dog nuzzling Megan affectionately, my heart melted instantly. （运用了现在分词作状语） 5.My husband and I exchanged a soft glance and finally nodded in agreement, deciding to keep the lovely little dog for the two-week waiting period.（运用了现在分词作状语） 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $