04 阅读与表达专项-2027年辽宁中考英语专项

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2026辽宁中考英语专项训练 专项04 阅读与表达专项 5篇·回答问题·最后一题开放写作(不少于30词) 适用地区:辽宁省 适用学段:中考总复习 教材版本:人教版(新教材) 难度定位:中等偏上·中考模拟水准 命题风格:中考真题还原·原文定位训练 教师解析版·内部教学资料 2026年11月 辽宁中考英语专项.阅读与表达01 试卷说明 适用地区:辽宁省 适用学段:中考总复习 教材版本:人教版(新教材) 难度:中等偏上 命题模式:中考真题还原风格 题型设置:贴合辽宁中考英语题型框架 配套解析:每题包含答案、原文定位、选项翻译、错题原因分析,训练原文定位做题法,拒绝主观臆想,依 托原文证据选择答案。 素材说明:本册5篇语篇为原创改写,素材背景取自《2026年10月中考英语热点素材汇编》中长征胜利90周年、中国 航天发射、女足夺冠、良渚论坛、风电光伏发展等内容。 题型说明:阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。每小题下方预留横线,供学生书写答案;最后一小题为开放 性试题,要求结合短文或自身经历表达观点,不少于30词。 命题蓝图 篇目 主题 正文词数 题量 开放性试题 红色文化传承 258 4 第4题(不少于30词) 2 航天科技·科学梦想 256 4 第4题(不少于30词) 3 体育·团队与成长 258 4 第4题(不少于30词) 4 文化遗产·志愿服务 255 第4题(不少于30词) 生态环保·乡村振兴 255 第4题(不少于30词) 阅读与表达四步法 第1步读题:先看问题,圈出疑问词(what/wy/how)和关键词,带着问题读短文。 第2步定位:回原文找依据,划出定位句;回答时不要脱离原文主观发挥。 第3步作答:尽量用完整句回答,注意人称、时态、单复数和词数要求。 第4步开放:亮明观点,给出两个理由或具体做法,联系自身或社会,不少于30词。 第2页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项·阅读与表达01 Passage 1 Grandpa's Long March Diary 主题:红色文化传承1正文约258词|建议用时10-12分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Last summer,Liu Ming was helping his parents clean the old house when he found a small wooden box under his great-grandfather's bed.Inside was a thin notebook with brown pages.On the cover,three words were written in pencil::“Keep Going Forward.” The notebook was a diary from the Long March.Liu Ming's great-grandfather joined the Red Ammy when he was only sixteen.He wrote about climbing snow-covered mountains,crossing fast rivers and walking for days without enough food.In one entry,he described how five soldiers shared one pair of shoes.When one man's feet were too cold,another carried him on his back. Liu Ming was deeply moved.He had learned about the Long March in history class,but the diary made it real. He decided to share it with his school.He translated the difficult parts into simple Chinese so that younger readers could understand.With his teacher's help,he put the diary in a glass case in the history corner and wrote a short introduction for visitors.At the exhibition,students stopped to read the diary and left messages on a board.Some wrote that they would try harder when facing difficulties. Now,Liu Ming often stands beside the case and explains the story to younger students."The soldiers were not much older than us,"he says."They kept going because they believed in a better future."He has also started his own diary.On the first page,he wrote:"When things are hard,read the old diary and take one more step." 阅读与表达 1.What did Liu Ming find under his great-grandfather's bed? 2.What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 3 refer to? 3.Why does Liu Ming often explain the story to younger students? 4.If you were Liu Ming,what would you write in your own diary after reading the Long March story?Why? (开放性试题,不少于30词) 第3页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项·阅读与表达01 Passage 2 The Day Three Rockets Went Up 主题:航天科技科学梦想1正文约256词「建议用时10一12分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 On a Friday afternoon,the members of our school's space club gathered in the science lab.On the screen,a white rocket stood on the launch pad."Three,two,one-liftoff!"the countdown sounded,and the rocket rose into the sky The video showed three launches in three days.One rocket carried a weather satellite,another carried a communication satellite,and the third sent a group of small satellites into orbit."China has completed 810 orbital launches since 1970,"our teacher said."The first 200 took 43 years.The next 610 took less than 13." We were surprised by the speed of China's space development. A young engineer named Ms.Chen visited our club that day.She explained that a rocket is like a careful dancer. Every part must work at the right time."A small mistake can change everything,"she said."That is why we check and recheck.” We asked her what made her choose this job.She smiled and said,"When I was your age,I looked up at the stars and wanted to know what was out there.I still do." After the visit,our club started a new project.We are building a small model rocket and recording each test. Our first two tries failed.The third one rose about ten metres before falling.We cheered anyway.We also learned that failure is part of science.Ms.Chen promised to visit again and answer our questions.For us,the sky is no longer a faraway place.It is a place to explore,one small step at a time. 阅读与表达 1.How many orbital launches has China completed since 1970? 2.What does Ms.Chen mean by saying"I still do"in Paragraph 4? 3.What did the club do after Ms.Chen's visit? 4.What science project would you like your class to try?Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词) 第4页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项·阅读与表达01 Passage 3 The Captain's Choice 主题:体育团队与成长|正文约258词「建议用时10一12分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 The final of our school football competition was in its last minute.Our team was awarded a penalty.The score was 1-1.Lin Tao,our captain,picked up the ball and walked toward the penalty spot. Everyone expected Lin Tao to take the shot.He was the best player on the team.But he stopped and called Xiao Yu over.Xiao Yu was a shy boy who had missed a penalty in the semifinal.He had been afraid to shoot ever since. "Take it,"Lin Tao said.Xiao Yu shook his head.I can't.What if I miss?Lin Tao put the ball in his hands. We trust you.If you miss,we will try again together." Xiao Yu took a deep breath.He placed the ball,stepped back and kicked.The ball flew low and hard into the corner of the net.The whistle blew.We had won. After the match,I asked Lin Tao why he had given the penalty away.He said,"A captain is not the person who scores every goal.A captain helps others become brave."Our coach later told us that Lin Tao had made the decision before the match.He wanted Xiao Yu to know that the team believed in him.Xiao Yu smiled for the first time in weeks.He knew how much it would mean to him.He began to practise penalties again after school. That day,we did not just win a match.We learned what a real team is.The whole team learned to trust each other more. 阅读与表达 1.Why did Lin Tao give the penalty to Xiao Yu? 2.What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 5 refer to? 3.What do Lin Tao's words tell us about being a captain? 4.What would you do if your teammate made a mistake in a match?Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词) 第5页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项·阅读与表达01 Passage 4 A Day in Liangzhu 主题:文化遗产志愿服务1正文约255词【建议用时10一12分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Last Saturday,I worked as a volunteer guide at the Liangzhu Museum.I had trained for two weeks,but I was still nervous when the first group of visitors arrived. Liangzhu is an ancient city in Zhejiang.It is about 5,000 years old.The people there built a large water system, grew rice and made beautiful jade objects.In 2019,the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The museum receives thousands of visitors every year,including many students. I showed the visitors a model of the ancient city."The walls and waterways are gone,"I said,"but they tell us how clever our ancestors were."A visitor from Italy asked,"Why should we protect things that are so old?'I thought for a moment."Because they are not only old things,"I said."They are stories about who we are." Later,a group of primary school students came.They asked many questions:How did people build the walls? What did they eat?Did children go to school?I tried my best to answer.When I did not know,I wrote the question down and looked it up after the visit. At the end of the day,I was tired but happy.I had learned that a guide does not need to know everything.A good guide needs to be curious and willing to learn.I also learned that every visitor brings a different question and a different view.That is what makes guiding interesting.Every question is a chance to open a door to the past. 阅读与表达 1.How old is Liangzhu? 2.What does the underlined word"they"in Paragraph 3 refer to? 3.Why did the writer write down the questions she could not answer? 4.If you were a volunteer guide in your city,what place would you introduce??Why?(开放性试题,不少于 30词) 第6页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项·阅读与表达01 Passage 5 The Solar Roof 主题:生态环保乡村振兴1正文约255词「建议用时10一12分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Two years ago,a small village in Shandong began a new project.Workers put solar panels on the roofs of houses.The panels tum sunlight into electricity.The village hoped to use cleaner energy and save money.It also built a small charging station for electric bikes. At first,many villagers were not sure.Uncle Wang,a farmer in his seventies,did not believe it would work. The sun goes down every day,"he said."What happens at night?"A young engineer explained that the extra electricity could be stored in batteries or sold to the grid.Uncle Wang listened but still shook his head. A year later,things had changed.Uncle Wang's electricity bill was much lower.The panels also powered a small workshop where he made bamboo baskets.On sunny days,he could work longer."I was wrong,"he laughed."The sun is working for us." The project has brought other changes.Some young people have returned to the village to start businesses.A primary school has installed panels and uses them in science lessons.Visitors come to learn about the"solar village".The panels have become a source of pride for the village.Uncle Wang now explains them to visitors who come to learn.He says he is happy to be part of the change. The engineer says that clean energy is not just about machines."It is about helping people live better,"she says. "When people see the benefit,they will join in."The village is now a model for others. 阅读与表达 1.What did the village put on the roofs of houses? 2.What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 2 refer to? 3.How did the solar project change Uncle Wang's life? 4.What would you do to make your school greener?Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词) 第7页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项.阅读与表达01 参考答案与详细解析 解析原则:第1一3题答案必须能在原文找到依据:第4题为开放性试题,答案不唯一,参考范文只提供一 种思路,重点看观点、理由、语言和词数。 Passage 1 Grandpa's Long March Diary 主题:红色文化传承 素材:素材融合:纪念长征胜利90周年 全文翻译 去年夏天,刘明帮父母打扫老房子时,在曾祖父床下发现一个小木盒。里面是一本薄薄的、纸页发黄的笔记 本。封面上用铅笔写着三个词:“不断前进。” 这本笔记本是长征时期的日记。刘明的曾祖父加入红军时只有十六岁。他写到翻雪山、渡急流、连续几天吃 不饱。在一则日记里,他描述五个战士合穿一双鞋。当一个人的脚冻得太厉害时,另一个人就背着他走。 刘明深受感动。他在历史课上学过长征,但这本日记让长征变得真实。他决定把它分享给学校。他把难懂的 部分翻译成简单的中文,让低年级读者也能理解。在老师帮助下,他把日记放进历史角的玻璃柜,并为参观者写 了简短介绍。展览上,学生们停下来读日记,在留言板上写下感受。一些人写道,遇到困难时会更努力。 现在,刘明常站在柜子旁,向低年级学生讲这个故事。“那些战士不比我们大多少,”他说,“他们坚持走下 去,是因为相信更美好的未来。”他也开始写自己的日记。在第一页,他写道:“遇到困难时,读读旧日记,再往 前走一步。” 逐题解析 第1题答案: He found a small wooden box with a thin old diary inside. 原文定位:第1段第1一2句 题干翻译:刘明在曾祖父床下发现了什么? 错题点拨:题千问“found'的宾语,回第l段定位“found a small wooden box..Inside was a thin notebook”,答案应包 含box和diay两个信息,不能只写box。 第2题答案: It refers to the Long March. 原文定位:第3段第2句 题干翻译:第3段中画线词t指什么? 错题点拨:前句是“He hadlearned about the Long March in history class,but the diary made it real.”,it指前句提到的 the Long March。代词题要向前找最近且逻辑成立的名词。 第3题答案: Because he wants them to understand the Long March spirit and pass the story on. 原文定位:第4段第1一3句 题干翻译:刘明为什么经常给低年级学生讲这个故事? 错题点拨:第4段写他讲战士的故事,并说They kept going because they believed in a better future”,目的是让年轻 学生理解并传承长征精神。回答用Because..完整句。 第8页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项.阅读与表达01 第4题参考范文(不少于30词): If I were Liu Ming,I would write that the Long March teaches me not to give up.When I face a difficult exam or a long run,I will remember the soldiers and take one more step.I also want to pass their story on to others. (48词:答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合第4段和全文主旨 题干翻译:如果你是刘明,读完长征故事后,你会在自己的日记里写什么?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体会写的内容;②说明理由;③与长征精神(坚持、 勇气、传承)相关:④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 2 The Day Three Rockets Went Up 主题:航天科技·科学梦想 素材:素材融合:中国航天三天内连续三次发射成功;累计810次轨道发射 全文翻译 周五下午,学校航天社团的成员聚在科学实验室。屏幕上,一枚白色火箭立在发射台上。“三、二、 点火!”倒计时响起,火箭升上天空。 视频展示了三天内的三次发射。一枚火箭搭载气象卫星,一枚搭载通信卫星,第三枚把一组小卫星送入轨 道。“自1970年以来,中国已完成810次轨道发射,”老师说,“前200次用了43年,后610次用了不到13年。” 中国航天发展的速度让我们惊讶。 那天,年轻工程师陈女士来到社团。她解释说,火箭就像一位小心翼翼的舞者,每个部件都必须在正确的时 间工作。“一个小错误就可能改变一切,”她说,“所以我们检查再检查。” 我们问她为什么选择这份工作。她笑着说:“像你们这么大时,我仰望星空,想知道外面有什么。我现在仍 然想知道。” 参观后,社团开始了一个新项目。我们正在制作一枚小模型火箭,并记录每次测试。前两次失败了。第三次 升到约十米高,然后落下。我们还是欢呼了。我们也学到,失败是科学的一部分。陈女士答应再来回答我们的问 题。对我们来说,天空不再遥远,而是一个可以探索的地方,一次一小步。 逐题解析 第1题答案: China has completed 810 orbital launches. 原文定位:第2段第3句 题干翻译:自1970年以来,中国完成了多少次轨道发射? 错题点拨:题干问“How many”,回第2段找数字“810 orbital launches”。注意不要误答three launches”或6l0”。 第2题答案: She means she still wants to know what is out there in space. 原文定位:第4段最后一句 题干翻译:第4段中陈女士说Istl1do”是什么意思? 错题点拨:前句是“I wanted to know what was out there..I still do.”,do替代want to know what is out there。回答要补 全含义,不能只写“她仍然做”。 第3题答案: They started a new project:building a small model rocket and recording each test. 原文定位:第5段第1一2句 题干翻译:陈女士来访后,社团做了什么? 错题点拨:第5段明确写“started a new project..building a small model rocket and recording each test”。回答用完整 句,保留两个动作。 第9页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项.阅读与表达01 第4题参考范文(不少于30词): I would like my class to build a small weather station.We could record temperature and rainfall every day and compare the data.It would help us understand science in real life and learn to work as a team. (39词:答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合航天与科学探究主题 题干翻译:你希望你们班尝试什么科学项目?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体项目;②说明理由;③与科学观察、动手实践或团 队合作相关;④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 3 The Captain's Choice 主题:体育团队与成长 素材:素材融合:2026年国际中体联足球世界杯中国女队夺冠;校园足球 全文翻译 校足球赛决赛进入最后一分钟。我们队获得一个点球。比分是1比1。队长林涛拿起球,走向点球点。 大家都以为林涛会主罚。他是队里最好的球员。但他停下来,把肖宇叫了过来。肖宇是个害羞的男孩,在半 决赛中罚丢过一个点球。从那以后,他一直不敢射门。 “你来罚,”林涛说。肖宇摇摇头:“我不行。万一罚不进呢?”林涛把球放进他手里:“我们相信你。如果没 进,我们一起再来。” 肖宇深吸一口气。他把球放好,后退,踢球。球低而有力地飞进球门死角。哨声响了。我们赢了。 赛后,我问林涛为什么把点球让出去。他说:“队长不是每球都自己进的人。队长要帮助别人变得勇敢。”后 来教练告诉我们,林涛赛前就做了这个决定。他想让肖宇知道,全队都相信他。肖宇几周来第一次笑了。他知道 这次机会对他意味着多少。他又开始放学后练习点球。 那天,我们不仅赢了一场比赛。我们懂得了什么是真正的团队。全队也学会了更加信任彼此。 逐题解析 第1题答案: Because Xiao Yu had missed a penalty before and needed confidence,and Lin Tao wanted to help him become brave. 原文定位:第2段第34句;第5段第2句 题干翻译:林涛为什么把点球让给肖宇? 错题点拨:第2段交代肖宇曾罚丢点球、害怕射门;第5段林涛说“A captain helps others become brave'”。回答要 结合原因和目的,不能只写“因为他是队长”。 第2题答案: It refers to the chance to take the penalty. 原文定位:第5段最后两句 题干翻译:第5段中画线词t指什么? 错题点拨:前文写肖宇主罚点球并进球,后句He knew how much it would mean to him”中的it指“这次主罚点球的 机会”。不要误答成the match”。 第3题答案: A captain should trust teammates and help them become brave,not just score goals himself. 原文定位:第5段第2句 题干翻译:林涛的话告诉我们,当队长应该怎样? 错题点拨:直接引用“A captain is not the person who scores every goal..A captain helps others become brave.”,用自己 的话概括为trust teammates/help others”,避免只抄原句。 第10页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项.阅读与表达01 第4题参考范文(不少于30词): If my teammate made a mistake,I would tell him not to worry and help him practise.Everyone makes mistakes.A real team should support each other,because trust can help us do better next time. (36词;答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合团队合作主题 题干翻译:如果队友在比赛中犯了错,你会怎么做?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体做法;②说明理由;③体现支持、信任或团队精 神:④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 4 A Day in Liangzhu 主题:文化遗产·志愿服务 素材:素材融合:第四届良渚论坛;良渚世界遗产 全文翻译 上周六,我在良渚博物馆做志愿讲解员。我培训了两周,但第一批游客到来时还是很紧张。 良渚是浙江的一座古城,约有5000年历史。那里的人修建了大型水利系统,种植水稻,制作精美的玉器。 2019年,良渚成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。博物馆每年接待成千上万名游客,其中包括许多学生。 我给游客看古城模型。“城墙和水道已经消失了,”我说,“但它们告诉我们祖先多么聪明。”一位意大利游客 问:“为什么要保护这么古老的东西?”我想了想说:“因为它们不只是旧东西。它们是关于我们是谁的故事。” 后来,一群小学生来了。他们问了很多问题:人们怎么建城墙?他们吃什么?孩子上学吗?我尽力回答。不 知道时,我就把问题记下来,参观结束后去查。 一天结束时,我很累但很开心。我学到,讲解员不必什么都知道。好的讲解员需要好奇,愿意学习。我还学 到,每位游客都会带来不同的问题和不同的视角。这正是讲解有趣的地方。每个问题都是打开通往过去之门的机 会。 逐题解析 第1题答案: It is about 5,000 years old. 原文定位:第2段第2句 题干翻译:良渚有多少年历史? 错题点拨:题干问年龄,回第2段定位It is about5,000 years old.”。注意保留about,避免绝对化。 第2题答案: It refers to the walls and waterways. 原文定位:第3段第2句 题干翻译:第3段中画线词4hey指什么? 错题点拨:前句The walls and waterways are gone”中的主语是the walls and waterways,.hey指代这两者。不要误 答成visitors”或“ancestors”"。 第3题答案: Because she wanted to look them up and learn the answers after the visit. 原文定位:第4段最后两句 题干翻译:作者为什么把答不上来的问题记下来? 错题点拨:原文I wrote the question down andlooked it up after the visit”直接说明目的。回答用Because.完整句, 不要只写“to1 ook them up”而漏掉1ea1m”。 第11页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项.阅读与表达01 第4题参考范文(不少于30词): I would introduce the old street in my city.It has many small shops and old buildings.I would tell visitors about the people who live there and the stories behind the shops.This can help us protect our local culture. (41词;答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合文化遗产与志愿服务主题 题干翻译:如果你是你所在城市的志愿讲解员,你会介绍哪个地方?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体地点;②说明理由;③与历史、文化或社区故事相 关:④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 5 The Solar Roof 主题:生态环保·乡村振兴 素材:素材融合:风电、光伏累计装机容量突破20亿千瓦;绿色低碳发展 全文翻译 两年前,山东一个小村庄开始了一个新项目。工人在房屋屋顶安装太阳能板。太阳能板把阳光变成电。村庄 希望使用更清洁的能源并省钱。村里还建了一个小型电动车充电站。 起初,许多村民不确定。七十多岁的农民王大爷不相信这能行。“太阳每天都会落下,”他说,“晚上怎么 办?”一位年轻工程师解释说,多余的电可以储存在电池里,也可以卖给电网。王大爷听着,但还是摇头。 一年后,情况变了。王大爷的电费低了很多。太阳能板还为他做竹篮的小作坊供电。晴天时,他能工作更 久。“我错了,”他笑着说,“太阳在为我们工作。” 项目还带来了其他变化。一些年轻人回村创业。一所小学安装了太阳能板,并在科学课上使用。游客来参观 “太阳能村”。太阳能板成了村庄的骄傲。王大爷现在会给前来学习的游客讲解。他说,他很高兴成为变化的一部 分。 工程师说,清洁能源不只是机器。“它是帮助人们生活得更好,”她说,“当人们看到好处,就会加入进来。” 这个村庄现在成了其他村庄的榜样。 逐题解析 第1题答案: It put solar panels on the roofs. 原文定位:第1段第2句 题干翻译:村庄在房屋屋顶上安装了什么? 错题点拨:原文Workers put solar panels on the roofs of houses.”直接对应。回答用solar panels,不要写成“solar power”或“batteries”。 第2题答案: It refers to the solar project. 原文定位:第2段第2句 题干翻译:第2段中画线词t指什么? 错题点拨:前文说村庄开始了一个“new project”",后句“lid not believe it would work中的it指这个太阳能项目。代 词题要回到上一句找先行词。 第3题答案: His electricity bill was lower,the panels powered his workshop,and he could work longer on sumy days. 原文定位:第3段第24句 题干翻译:太阳能项目怎样改变了王大爷的生活? 错题点拨:第3段列出三个变化:电费降低、为作坊供电、晴天工作时间更长。回答要归纳多点,不能只写“电费 低了”。 第12页/共13页 辽宁中考英语专项.阅读与表达01 第4题参考范文(不少于30词): I would start a recycling club at school.We could collect paper and plastic,make posters and hold a competition between classes.Small actions can reduce waste and make our school greener. (32词:答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合清洁能源与绿色生活主题 题干翻译:你会怎样让学校更环保?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体做法;②说明理由;③与节能、回收、低碳等绿色 行动相关;④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 开放性试题评分参考 档次 内容与观点 语言表达 词数 优秀 观点鲜明,理由充分,能联系自身或社会 句式多样,表达连贯,错误很少 30词以上 良好 观点明确,有具体理由 语句基本通顺,少量错误 30词左右 合格 有观点,理由较简单 有语法错误,但不影响理解 接近30词 待提升 观点不清或偏离主题 错误较多,影响理解 明显不足30词 第13页/共13页辽宁中考英语专项 · 阅读与表达 01 2027辽宁中考英语专项训练 专项 04 阅读与表达专项 5 篇 · 回答问题 · 最后一题开放写作(不少于30词) 适用地区: 辽宁省 适用学段: 中考总复习 教材版本: 人教版(新教材) 难度定位: 中等偏上 · 中考模拟水准 命题风格: 中考真题还原 · 原文定位训练 教师解析版 · 内部教学资料 2026 年 11 月 试卷说明 适用地区:辽宁省 适用学段:中考总复习 教材版本:人教版(新教材) 难度:中等偏上 命题模式:中考真题还原风格 题型设置:贴合辽宁中考英语题型框架 配套解析:每题包含答案、原文定位、选项翻译、错题原因分析,训练原文定位做题法,拒绝主观臆想,依托原文证据选择答案。 素材说明:本册 5 篇语篇为原创改写,素材背景取自《2026年10月中考英语热点素材汇编》中长征胜利90周年、中国航天发射、女足夺冠、良渚论坛、风电光伏发展等内容。 题型说明:阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。每小题下方预留横线,供学生书写答案;最后一小题为开放性试题,要求结合短文或自身经历表达观点,不少于30词。 命题蓝图 篇目 主题 正文词数 题量 开放性试题 1 红色文化·传承 258 4 第4题(不少于30词) 2 航天科技·科学梦想 256 4 第4题(不少于30词) 3 体育·团队与成长 258 4 第4题(不少于30词) 4 文化遗产·志愿服务 255 4 第4题(不少于30词) 5 生态环保·乡村振兴 255 4 第4题(不少于30词) 阅读与表达四步法 第1步 读题:先看问题,圈出疑问词(what / why / how)和关键词,带着问题读短文。 第2步 定位:回原文找依据,划出定位句;回答时不要脱离原文主观发挥。 第3步 作答:尽量用完整句回答,注意人称、时态、单复数和词数要求。 第4步 开放:亮明观点,给出两个理由或具体做法,联系自身或社会,不少于30词。 Passage 1 Grandpa's Long March Diary 主题:红色文化·传承 | 正文约 258 词 | 建议用时 10—12 分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Last summer, Liu Ming was helping his parents clean the old house when he found a small wooden box under his great-grandfather's bed. Inside was a thin notebook with brown pages. On the cover, three words were written in pencil: “Keep Going Forward.” The notebook was a diary from the Long March. Liu Ming's great-grandfather joined the Red Army when he was only sixteen. He wrote about climbing snow-covered mountains, crossing fast rivers and walking for days without enough food. In one entry, he described how five soldiers shared one pair of shoes. When one man's feet were too cold, another carried him on his back. Liu Ming was deeply moved. He had learned about the Long March in history class, but the diary made it real. He decided to share it with his school. He translated the difficult parts into simple Chinese so that younger readers could understand. With his teacher's help, he put the diary in a glass case in the history corner and wrote a short introduction for visitors. At the exhibition, students stopped to read the diary and left messages on a board. Some wrote that they would try harder when facing difficulties. Now, Liu Ming often stands beside the case and explains the story to younger students. “The soldiers were not much older than us,” he says. “They kept going because they believed in a better future.” He has also started his own diary. On the first page, he wrote: “When things are hard, read the old diary and take one more step.” 阅读与表达 1. What did Liu Ming find under his great-grandfather's bed?                                                                           2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?                                                                           3. Why does Liu Ming often explain the story to younger students?                                                                           4. If you were Liu Ming, what would you write in your own diary after reading the Long March story? Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词)                                                                                                                                                                                          Passage 2 The Day Three Rockets Went Up 主题:航天科技·科学梦想 | 正文约 256 词 | 建议用时 10—12 分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 On a Friday afternoon, the members of our school's space club gathered in the science lab. On the screen, a white rocket stood on the launch pad. “Three, two, one—liftoff!” the countdown sounded, and the rocket rose into the sky. The video showed three launches in three days. One rocket carried a weather satellite, another carried a communication satellite, and the third sent a group of small satellites into orbit. “China has completed 810 orbital launches since 1970,” our teacher said. “The first 200 took 43 years. The next 610 took less than 13.” We were surprised by the speed of China's space development. A young engineer named Ms. Chen visited our club that day. She explained that a rocket is like a careful dancer. Every part must work at the right time. “A small mistake can change everything,” she said. “That is why we check and recheck.” We asked her what made her choose this job. She smiled and said, “When I was your age, I looked up at the stars and wanted to know what was out there. I still do.” After the visit, our club started a new project. We are building a small model rocket and recording each test. Our first two tries failed. The third one rose about ten metres before falling. We cheered anyway. We also learned that failure is part of science. Ms. Chen promised to visit again and answer our questions. For us, the sky is no longer a faraway place. It is a place to explore, one small step at a time. 阅读与表达 1. How many orbital launches has China completed since 1970?                                                                           2. What does Ms. Chen mean by saying “I still do” in Paragraph 4?                                                                           3. What did the club do after Ms. Chen's visit?                                                                           4. What science project would you like your class to try? Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词)                                                                                                                                                                                          Passage 3 The Captain's Choice 主题:体育·团队与成长 | 正文约 258 词 | 建议用时 10—12 分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 The final of our school football competition was in its last minute. Our team was awarded a penalty. The score was 1-1. Lin Tao, our captain, picked up the ball and walked toward the penalty spot. Everyone expected Lin Tao to take the shot. He was the best player on the team. But he stopped and called Xiao Yu over. Xiao Yu was a shy boy who had missed a penalty in the semifinal. He had been afraid to shoot ever since. “Take it,” Lin Tao said. Xiao Yu shook his head. “I can't. What if I miss?” Lin Tao put the ball in his hands. “We trust you. If you miss, we will try again together.” Xiao Yu took a deep breath. He placed the ball, stepped back and kicked. The ball flew low and hard into the corner of the net. The whistle blew. We had won. After the match, I asked Lin Tao why he had given the penalty away. He said, “A captain is not the person who scores every goal. A captain helps others become brave.” Our coach later told us that Lin Tao had made the decision before the match. He wanted Xiao Yu to know that the team believed in him. Xiao Yu smiled for the first time in weeks. He knew how much it would mean to him. He began to practise penalties again after school. That day, we did not just win a match. We learned what a real team is. The whole team learned to trust each other more. 阅读与表达 1. Why did Lin Tao give the penalty to Xiao Yu?                                                                           2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?                                                                           3. What do Lin Tao's words tell us about being a captain?                                                                           4. What would you do if your teammate made a mistake in a match? Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词)                                                                                                                                                                                          Passage 4 A Day in Liangzhu 主题:文化遗产·志愿服务 | 正文约 255 词 | 建议用时 10—12 分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Last Saturday, I worked as a volunteer guide at the Liangzhu Museum. I had trained for two weeks, but I was still nervous when the first group of visitors arrived. Liangzhu is an ancient city in Zhejiang. It is about 5,000 years old. The people there built a large water system, grew rice and made beautiful jade objects. In 2019, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The museum receives thousands of visitors every year, including many students. I showed the visitors a model of the ancient city. “The walls and waterways are gone,” I said, “but they tell us how clever our ancestors were.” A visitor from Italy asked, “Why should we protect things that are so old?” I thought for a moment. “Because they are not only old things,” I said. “They are stories about who we are.” Later, a group of primary school students came. They asked many questions: How did people build the walls? What did they eat? Did children go to school? I tried my best to answer. When I did not know, I wrote the question down and looked it up after the visit. At the end of the day, I was tired but happy. I had learned that a guide does not need to know everything. A good guide needs to be curious and willing to learn. I also learned that every visitor brings a different question and a different view. That is what makes guiding interesting. Every question is a chance to open a door to the past. 阅读与表达 1. How old is Liangzhu?                                                                           2. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?                                                                           3. Why did the writer write down the questions she could not answer?                                                                           4. If you were a volunteer guide in your city, what place would you introduce? Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词)                                                                                                                                                                                          Passage 5 The Solar Roof 主题:生态环保·乡村振兴 | 正文约 255 词 | 建议用时 10—12 分钟 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Two years ago, a small village in Shandong began a new project. Workers put solar panels on the roofs of houses. The panels turn sunlight into electricity. The village hoped to use cleaner energy and save money. It also built a small charging station for electric bikes. At first, many villagers were not sure. Uncle Wang, a farmer in his seventies, did not believe it would work. “The sun goes down every day,” he said. “What happens at night?” A young engineer explained that the extra electricity could be stored in batteries or sold to the grid. Uncle Wang listened but still shook his head. A year later, things had changed. Uncle Wang's electricity bill was much lower. The panels also powered a small workshop where he made bamboo baskets. On sunny days, he could work longer. “I was wrong,” he laughed. “The sun is working for us.” The project has brought other changes. Some young people have returned to the village to start businesses. A primary school has installed panels and uses them in science lessons. Visitors come to learn about the “solar village”. The panels have become a source of pride for the village. Uncle Wang now explains them to visitors who come to learn. He says he is happy to be part of the change. The engineer says that clean energy is not just about machines. “It is about helping people live better,” she says. “When people see the benefit, they will join in.” The village is now a model for others. 阅读与表达 1. What did the village put on the roofs of houses?                                                                           2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?                                                                           3. How did the solar project change Uncle Wang's life?                                                                           4. What would you do to make your school greener? Why?(开放性试题,不少于30词)                                                                                                                                                                                          参考答案与详细解析 解析原则:第1—3题答案必须能在原文找到依据;第4题为开放性试题,答案不唯一,参考范文只提供一种思路,重点看观点、理由、语言和词数。 Passage 1 Grandpa's Long March Diary 主题:红色文化·传承 素材:素材融合:纪念长征胜利90周年 全文翻译 去年夏天,刘明帮父母打扫老房子时,在曾祖父床下发现一个小木盒。里面是一本薄薄的、纸页发黄的笔记本。封面上用铅笔写着三个词:“不断前进。” 这本笔记本是长征时期的日记。刘明的曾祖父加入红军时只有十六岁。他写到翻雪山、渡急流、连续几天吃不饱。在一则日记里,他描述五个战士合穿一双鞋。当一个人的脚冻得太厉害时,另一个人就背着他走。 刘明深受感动。他在历史课上学过长征,但这本日记让长征变得真实。他决定把它分享给学校。他把难懂的部分翻译成简单的中文,让低年级读者也能理解。在老师帮助下,他把日记放进历史角的玻璃柜,并为参观者写了简短介绍。展览上,学生们停下来读日记,在留言板上写下感受。一些人写道,遇到困难时会更努力。 现在,刘明常站在柜子旁,向低年级学生讲这个故事。“那些战士不比我们大多少,”他说,“他们坚持走下去,是因为相信更美好的未来。”他也开始写自己的日记。在第一页,他写道:“遇到困难时,读读旧日记,再往前走一步。” 逐题解析 第 1 题 答案: He found a small wooden box with a thin old diary inside. 原文定位:第1段第1—2句 题干翻译:刘明在曾祖父床下发现了什么? 错题点拨:题干问“found”的宾语,回第1段定位“found a small wooden box... Inside was a thin notebook”,答案应包含box和diary两个信息,不能只写box。 第 2 题 答案: It refers to the Long March. 原文定位:第3段第2句 题干翻译:第3段中画线词“it”指什么? 错题点拨:前句是“He had learned about the Long March in history class, but the diary made it real.”,it指前句提到的the Long March。代词题要向前找最近且逻辑成立的名词。 第 3 题 答案: Because he wants them to understand the Long March spirit and pass the story on. 原文定位:第4段第1—3句 题干翻译:刘明为什么经常给低年级学生讲这个故事? 错题点拨:第4段写他讲战士的故事,并说“They kept going because they believed in a better future”,目的是让年轻学生理解并传承长征精神。回答用Because...完整句。 第 4 题 参考范文(不少于30词): If I were Liu Ming, I would write that the Long March teaches me not to give up. When I face a difficult exam or a long run, I will remember the soldiers and take one more step. I also want to pass their story on to others. (48 词;答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合第4段和全文主旨 题干翻译:如果你是刘明,读完长征故事后,你会在自己的日记里写什么?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体会写的内容;②说明理由;③与长征精神(坚持、勇气、传承)相关;④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 2 The Day Three Rockets Went Up 主题:航天科技·科学梦想 素材:素材融合:中国航天三天内连续三次发射成功;累计810次轨道发射 全文翻译 周五下午,学校航天社团的成员聚在科学实验室。屏幕上,一枚白色火箭立在发射台上。“三、二、一——点火!”倒计时响起,火箭升上天空。 视频展示了三天内的三次发射。一枚火箭搭载气象卫星,一枚搭载通信卫星,第三枚把一组小卫星送入轨道。“自1970年以来,中国已完成810次轨道发射,”老师说,“前200次用了43年,后610次用了不到13年。”中国航天发展的速度让我们惊讶。 那天,年轻工程师陈女士来到社团。她解释说,火箭就像一位小心翼翼的舞者,每个部件都必须在正确的时间工作。“一个小错误就可能改变一切,”她说,“所以我们检查再检查。” 我们问她为什么选择这份工作。她笑着说:“像你们这么大时,我仰望星空,想知道外面有什么。我现在仍然想知道。” 参观后,社团开始了一个新项目。我们正在制作一枚小模型火箭,并记录每次测试。前两次失败了。第三次升到约十米高,然后落下。我们还是欢呼了。我们也学到,失败是科学的一部分。陈女士答应再来回答我们的问题。对我们来说,天空不再遥远,而是一个可以探索的地方,一次一小步。 逐题解析 第 1 题 答案: China has completed 810 orbital launches. 原文定位:第2段第3句 题干翻译:自1970年以来,中国完成了多少次轨道发射? 错题点拨:题干问“How many”,回第2段找数字“810 orbital launches”。注意不要误答“three launches”或“610”。 第 2 题 答案: She means she still wants to know what is out there in space. 原文定位:第4段最后一句 题干翻译:第4段中陈女士说“I still do”是什么意思? 错题点拨:前句是“I wanted to know what was out there. I still do.”,do替代want to know what is out there。回答要补全含义,不能只写“她仍然做”。 第 3 题 答案: They started a new project: building a small model rocket and recording each test. 原文定位:第5段第1—2句 题干翻译:陈女士来访后,社团做了什么? 错题点拨:第5段明确写“started a new project... building a small model rocket and recording each test”。回答用完整句,保留两个动作。 第 4 题 参考范文(不少于30词): I would like my class to build a small weather station. We could record temperature and rainfall every day and compare the data. It would help us understand science in real life and learn to work as a team. (39 词;答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合航天与科学探究主题 题干翻译:你希望你们班尝试什么科学项目?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体项目;②说明理由;③与科学观察、动手实践或团队合作相关;④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 3 The Captain's Choice 主题:体育·团队与成长 素材:素材融合:2026年国际中体联足球世界杯中国女队夺冠;校园足球 全文翻译 校足球赛决赛进入最后一分钟。我们队获得一个点球。比分是1比1。队长林涛拿起球,走向点球点。 大家都以为林涛会主罚。他是队里最好的球员。但他停下来,把肖宇叫了过来。肖宇是个害羞的男孩,在半决赛中罚丢过一个点球。从那以后,他一直不敢射门。 “你来罚,”林涛说。肖宇摇摇头:“我不行。万一罚不进呢?”林涛把球放进他手里:“我们相信你。如果没进,我们一起再来。” 肖宇深吸一口气。他把球放好,后退,踢球。球低而有力地飞进球门死角。哨声响了。我们赢了。 赛后,我问林涛为什么把点球让出去。他说:“队长不是每球都自己进的人。队长要帮助别人变得勇敢。”后来教练告诉我们,林涛赛前就做了这个决定。他想让肖宇知道,全队都相信他。肖宇几周来第一次笑了。他知道这次机会对他意味着多少。他又开始放学后练习点球。 那天,我们不仅赢了一场比赛。我们懂得了什么是真正的团队。全队也学会了更加信任彼此。 逐题解析 第 1 题 答案: Because Xiao Yu had missed a penalty before and needed confidence, and Lin Tao wanted to help him become brave. 原文定位:第2段第3—4句;第5段第2句 题干翻译:林涛为什么把点球让给肖宇? 错题点拨:第2段交代肖宇曾罚丢点球、害怕射门;第5段林涛说“A captain helps others become brave”。回答要结合原因和目的,不能只写“因为他是队长”。 第 2 题 答案: It refers to the chance to take the penalty. 原文定位:第5段最后两句 题干翻译:第5段中画线词“it”指什么? 错题点拨:前文写肖宇主罚点球并进球,后句“He knew how much it would mean to him”中的it指“这次主罚点球的机会”。不要误答成“the match”。 第 3 题 答案: A captain should trust teammates and help them become brave, not just score goals himself. 原文定位:第5段第2句 题干翻译:林涛的话告诉我们,当队长应该怎样? 错题点拨:直接引用“A captain is not the person who scores every goal. A captain helps others become brave.”,用自己的话概括为“trust teammates / help others”,避免只抄原句。 第 4 题 参考范文(不少于30词): If my teammate made a mistake, I would tell him not to worry and help him practise. Everyone makes mistakes. A real team should support each other, because trust can help us do better next time. (36 词;答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合团队合作主题 题干翻译:如果队友在比赛中犯了错,你会怎么做?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体做法;②说明理由;③体现支持、信任或团队精神;④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 4 A Day in Liangzhu 主题:文化遗产·志愿服务 素材:素材融合:第四届良渚论坛;良渚世界遗产 全文翻译 上周六,我在良渚博物馆做志愿讲解员。我培训了两周,但第一批游客到来时还是很紧张。 良渚是浙江的一座古城,约有5000年历史。那里的人修建了大型水利系统,种植水稻,制作精美的玉器。2019年,良渚成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。博物馆每年接待成千上万名游客,其中包括许多学生。 我给游客看古城模型。“城墙和水道已经消失了,”我说,“但它们告诉我们祖先多么聪明。”一位意大利游客问:“为什么要保护这么古老的东西?”我想了想说:“因为它们不只是旧东西。它们是关于我们是谁的故事。” 后来,一群小学生来了。他们问了很多问题:人们怎么建城墙?他们吃什么?孩子上学吗?我尽力回答。不知道时,我就把问题记下来,参观结束后去查。 一天结束时,我很累但很开心。我学到,讲解员不必什么都知道。好的讲解员需要好奇,愿意学习。我还学到,每位游客都会带来不同的问题和不同的视角。这正是讲解有趣的地方。每个问题都是打开通往过去之门的机会。 逐题解析 第 1 题 答案: It is about 5,000 years old. 原文定位:第2段第2句 题干翻译:良渚有多少年历史? 错题点拨:题干问年龄,回第2段定位“It is about 5,000 years old.”。注意保留about,避免绝对化。 第 2 题 答案: It refers to the walls and waterways. 原文定位:第3段第2句 题干翻译:第3段中画线词“they”指什么? 错题点拨:前句“The walls and waterways are gone”中的主语是the walls and waterways,they指代这两者。不要误答成“visitors”或“ancestors”。 第 3 题 答案: Because she wanted to look them up and learn the answers after the visit. 原文定位:第4段最后两句 题干翻译:作者为什么把答不上来的问题记下来? 错题点拨:原文“I wrote the question down and looked it up after the visit”直接说明目的。回答用Because...完整句,不要只写“to look them up”而漏掉“learn”。 第 4 题 参考范文(不少于30词): I would introduce the old street in my city. It has many small shops and old buildings. I would tell visitors about the people who live there and the stories behind the shops. This can help us protect our local culture. (41 词;答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合文化遗产与志愿服务主题 题干翻译:如果你是你所在城市的志愿讲解员,你会介绍哪个地方?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体地点;②说明理由;③与历史、文化或社区故事相关;④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 Passage 5 The Solar Roof 主题:生态环保·乡村振兴 素材:素材融合:风电、光伏累计装机容量突破20亿千瓦;绿色低碳发展 全文翻译 两年前,山东一个小村庄开始了一个新项目。工人在房屋屋顶安装太阳能板。太阳能板把阳光变成电。村庄希望使用更清洁的能源并省钱。村里还建了一个小型电动车充电站。 起初,许多村民不确定。七十多岁的农民王大爷不相信这能行。“太阳每天都会落下,”他说,“晚上怎么办?”一位年轻工程师解释说,多余的电可以储存在电池里,也可以卖给电网。王大爷听着,但还是摇头。 一年后,情况变了。王大爷的电费低了很多。太阳能板还为他做竹篮的小作坊供电。晴天时,他能工作更久。“我错了,”他笑着说,“太阳在为我们工作。” 项目还带来了其他变化。一些年轻人回村创业。一所小学安装了太阳能板,并在科学课上使用。游客来参观“太阳能村”。太阳能板成了村庄的骄傲。王大爷现在会给前来学习的游客讲解。他说,他很高兴成为变化的一部分。 工程师说,清洁能源不只是机器。“它是帮助人们生活得更好,”她说,“当人们看到好处,就会加入进来。”这个村庄现在成了其他村庄的榜样。 逐题解析 第 1 题 答案: It put solar panels on the roofs. 原文定位:第1段第2句 题干翻译:村庄在房屋屋顶上安装了什么? 错题点拨:原文“Workers put solar panels on the roofs of houses.”直接对应。回答用solar panels,不要写成“solar power”或“batteries”。 第 2 题 答案: It refers to the solar project. 原文定位:第2段第2句 题干翻译:第2段中画线词“it”指什么? 错题点拨:前文说村庄开始了一个“new project”,后句“did not believe it would work”中的it指这个太阳能项目。代词题要回到上一句找先行词。 第 3 题 答案: His electricity bill was lower, the panels powered his workshop, and he could work longer on sunny days. 原文定位:第3段第2—4句 题干翻译:太阳能项目怎样改变了王大爷的生活? 错题点拨:第3段列出三个变化:电费降低、为作坊供电、晴天工作时间更长。回答要归纳多点,不能只写“电费低了”。 第 4 题 参考范文(不少于30词): I would start a recycling club at school. We could collect paper and plastic, make posters and hold a competition between classes. Small actions can reduce waste and make our school greener. (32 词;答案不唯一) 原文定位:开放性试题,结合清洁能源与绿色生活主题 题干翻译:你会怎样让学校更环保?为什么? 评分要点:开放性试题,答案不唯一。评分要点:①写出具体做法;②说明理由;③与节能、回收、低碳等绿色行动相关;④不少于30词,语句基本正确。 开放性试题评分参考 档次 内容与观点 语言表达 词数 优秀 观点鲜明,理由充分,能联系自身或社会 句式多样,表达连贯,错误很少 30 词以上 良好 观点明确,有具体理由 语句基本通顺,少量错误 30 词左右 合格 有观点,理由较简单 有语法错误,但不影响理解 接近 30 词 待提升 观点不清或偏离主题 错误较多,影响理解 明显不足 30 词 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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