Unit 4 Exploring literature（知识清单）英语译林版必修第二册

Unit 4 Exploring literature 词汇 一、阅读词汇 1. ________n. 蝴蝶 2. ________n. 贝壳；壳 3. ________n. 火鸡；火鸡肉 4. ________n. 章节；篇章 5. ________n. 自传 6. ________n. 用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负 二、写作词汇 1. ________adj. 非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的 2. ________n. 灵魂；心性，内心 3. ________vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 n. 上市；发射，发起 4. ________vt. 包含，含有，容纳 5. ________n. 要素，基本部分 6. ________n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征 7. ________n. 作者，作家 8. ________adv. 因此，所以 9. ________n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt. 宣布，公布 10. ________n. (长篇)小说 11. ________adj. 上部的；上面的 12. ________n. 差距；间隙 13. ________n. (事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境 14. ________adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的 15. ________n. 话题；题目；标题 16. ________n. 部分，部门；部件，散件 17. ________adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 18. ________n. 舞台；阶段；步骤 vt. 上演，举办 19. ________vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏 20. ________vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败 21. ________adv. 在……旁边；与……一起 22. ________adj. 贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 23. ________n. 闪光；闪现 vt. & vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现 24. ________vi. & vt. (weaved, weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove, woven)编 三、拓展词汇 1. ________vt. 致力于；献身→________adj. 忠实的，忠诚的；挚爱的→________n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚 2. ________vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁，恳求→________adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的 3. ________vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→________adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→________n. 决心；决定 4. ________adj. 有重要意义的，显著的→________n. 意义；重要性→________adv. 显著地；意味深长地 5. ________n. 描述，形容，说明→________vt. 描写；形容；描绘 6. ________vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→________n. 反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像 7. ________n. 永久，持久性→________adj. 永久的 8. ________n. 总结，概括，概要→________v. 总结，概括；概述 9. ________adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→________adv. 特别，尤其 10. ________n. (同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→________vt. 收集；募捐→________n. 收集者；收藏家 11. ________vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→________n. 运输；交通工具，运输工具 12. ________n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→________adj. 慷慨的；大方的 13. ________n. 诗集，诗歌→________n. 诗人→________n. 诗；韵文 14. ________adv. 极其，非常，极端→________adj. 极其的；极端的 n. 极端；极限 15. ________vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图→________adj. 未遂的，企图的 16. ________vt. 完成→________n. 成就；成绩；完成→________adj. 技艺高超的，熟练的 17. ________adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→________adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的→________vt. 使困惑/迷惑不解→________n. 困惑；混淆 18. ________n. 文学，文学作品→________adj. 文学的 19. ________adj. 感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的→________n. 感觉 20. ________adj. 有能力, 有才能; 能力强的→________n. 能力, 才能 21. ________vt. & vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来→________adj. 醒着的 22. ________adj. 糊状的，软而稠的→________n. 泥土 23. ________adj. 普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→________n. 宇宙 24. ________vt. 挺直；(使)变直，变正→________adj. 直的 四、熟词生义 1. launch熟义：vt. 使(船)下水 ； 发射 生义：vt. ________________ 2. contain熟义：vt. 包含，含有，容纳 生义：vt. ________________ 3. novel熟义：n. (长篇)小说 生义：adj. ________________ 4. collection熟义：n. (同类)收藏品；作品集 生义：n. ________________ 5. stage熟义：n. 舞台；阶段；步骤 生义：vt. ________________ 6. issue熟义：n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 生义：vt. ________________ 五、重点短语 1. ________________致力，专心，献身 2. ________________即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 3. ________________总的来说 4. ________________凭借，利用 5. ________________应该，应当 6. ________________尤其，特别 7. ________________(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 8. ________________正要做某事 写作 句型 1. What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. what引导主语从句 not...but...连接并列的表语 【译文】让孩子为之惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 2. In a word, we have now reached a point (where we wish to enjoy and understand literature). where引导定语从句，修饰先行词point 【译文】总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。 3. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just until引导时间状语从句 as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. as引导方式状语从句 【译文】一些真与美一直被忽视，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，正如贝壳捕捉到了我们未曾注意的声音一样。 4. One (who reads it) is capable of seeing the beauty (that was hidden from his eyes before). who引导定语从句，修饰one， that引导定语从句，修饰the beauty 【译文】读了这句诗的人便能看到以前隐匿在眼前的美。 5. [When Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus asks in the presence of Helen], when引导时间状语从句 “Was this the face (that launched a thousand ships)?” that引导定语从句，修饰the face he opens a door (through which our imagination enters a new world, through which是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰a door a world of love, beauty and heroism). a world of love, beauty and heroism是同位语。 【译文】克里斯托弗·马洛笔下的浮士德博士当着海伦的面问：“这就是那张让千艘战舰为之起航的面庞吗？”此时他便打开了一扇门，通过这扇门，我们的想象力进入了一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。 6. But [when he put all of his effort on], starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling when引导时间状语从句 starting ...and pulling ...是现在分词短语作伴随状语 before引导时间状语从句 with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away. 【译文】可是当他使出浑身力气，在鱼靠近之前就开始用尽全力拉线时，那鱼中途就挣扎着偏向一边，然后正正身子游走了。 语法 情态动词 写作 写一封正式的书信向图书馆推荐购书目录 一、知识点精讲 1. devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于 【教材原句】My meaning simply is...that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely... 我的意思就是……无论我致力于什么,我都是全身心投入…… 【词汇拓展】 ·devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于 devote...to (doing)... 把……用在/献给(做)某事上 ·be devoted to 致力于，献身于；忠诚于 devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 devotion n. 奉献 He devoted all his free time to reading literature. 他把所有的业余时间都用来读文学作品了。 【知识拓展】devote. . . to. . . 中的to为介词, 其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 adapt. . . to. . . 　 使适应; 使配合 adjust. . . to. . . 调节……以适应 apply. . . to. . . 把……应用于…… prefer. . . to. . . 喜欢……胜过…… attach. . . to. . . 把……附在……上 2. appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁 【教材原句】Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. 让一首小曲娱悦我们的耳朵,或者让一部巨著触动我们的心灵,这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界,一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。 【词汇拓展】 appeal to sb./sth. 吸引/迎合某人或某物 appeal to sb.for sth. 向某人申请某物 appeal (to sb.) to do sth. 呼吁(某人)做某事 ·make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的 Though he was poor, he never appealed to others for mercy. 尽管穷, 他从未向别人乞求怜悯。 The community is appealing to everyone to save water. 社区呼吁每个人节约用水。 We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge. 为建造这座桥, 我们呼吁村民捐款。 【知识拓展】“引人注目的, 吸引人的”高频词 ①appealing　②attractive　③charming ④eye-catching　⑤absorbing ⑥fascinating 3. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心 【教材原句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特 质。 【词汇拓展】 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 ·be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 determination n. 决心；决定 He has determined/is determined to make an appeal to the local government to take measures to protect the cultural relics. 他决定呼吁当地政府采取措施保护文化遗产。 The whole group determined on an early start. 全队都决定了早点出发。 【知识拓展】表示“决定做某事”的其他表达: decide to do sth. make up one's mind to do sth. 4. significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的 【教材原句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特质。 【词汇拓展】 It is significant that... ……有重要意义 significance n. 重要性；意义 be of significance = be significant 有重要意义的 attach significance to重视，认为……重要/有意义 significantly adv. 重大地；显著地 insignificant adj. 不重要的;无足轻重的 Plogging not only helps us keep physically and mentally healthy but also is of great significance to protect the environment and our homeland. 跑步捡垃圾不仅有助于我们保持身心健康,而且对保护环境和我们的家园具有重要意义。 5. description n. 描述，形容，说明 【教材原句】The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. 文学的第一个品质就是对真与美的描述。 【词汇拓展】 a description of... ……的描述/描写 a detailed/full/brief/general description 详细的/详尽的/简要的/大致的描述 beyond description 无法形容,难以描述 give a description of　对……进行描述/描写 describe v. 描述；形容 describe...as... 把……描述为…… describe how/what... 描述…… descriptive adj. 描写的, 叙述的 The West Lake is very beautiful and it is beyond description. 西湖非常美, 难以用言语来描述。 The police asked me to give a description of how the accident happened. 警察让我描述一下事故是怎样发生的。 The couple are spending their holiday on what is described as the most beautiful island in the world. 这对夫妇正在被称为世界上最美丽的岛屿上度假。 6. sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的 【教材原句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 一些真与美一直被忽视, 直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意, 就像贝壳反射出未被注意的声音一样。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be sensitive to　　　 对……敏感 (2) sense n. 感觉官能, 观念 a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默/责任感 there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事无意义 I learned that fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. 我了解到鱼是一种冷血动物, 因此对水温非常敏感。 He has a strong sense of responsibility. 他有一种强烈的责任感。 There is no sense in pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it. 除非他们很有才华而且自己喜欢, 否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。  【知识拓展】 ①be addicted to　 对……上瘾 ②be accessible to 容易接近, 易到达 ③be equal to 与……相等 ④be familiar to 被(人)熟知 ⑤be sensitive to 对……敏感 ⑥be thankful to 对……感激 7. reflect vt. & vi. 反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思 【教材原句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 有些真与美一直不为人察觉,直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意,正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/沉思某事 (2)reflection n. 反射;反映;映像 on/upon reflection 经过认真思考 The lake is calm and clear, and an old tower is reflected in the water. 湖面平静清澈, 一座古塔倒映在水面上。 I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未来的几年里他会认真思考自己的决定。 8. particular adj. 特别的,格外的；特指的；挑剔的 【教材原句】Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. 尤其是老师可以就有趣的阅读材料提供建议，这些材料在图书馆或书店很容易找到。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔 in particular 特别;尤其 (2)particularly adv. 尤其 He is very particular about the kitchen—everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place. 他对厨房非常讲究--每件东西都必须非常干净，而且要放在相应的位置。 9. mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的v. 表示……的意思；本意是；打算；意味着 【教材原句】The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. 这本书的主要人物是斯克鲁奇，一个富有但吝啬的老人。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬 (2)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 (3)means n. 方法，方式 by means of 借助……手段，依靠……方法 by all means可以，当然行 by no means 绝不 (4)meaning n. 意思；意义 (5)meaningful adj. 有意义的；重大的 The rich boss, who is mean to his workers, is so mean with money that he doesn't like to donate any to those in need, which contributes to his failure in the end. 那位富有的老板对他的员工很刻薄，对钱非常吝啬，不愿捐一分钱给那些穷困的人，这最终导致了他的失败。 10. generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 【教材原句】There is something that can be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we should treat others with kindness, generosity and love. 可以从《圣诞颂歌》里学到一些东西：我们应该以善意、宽容和爱对待他人。 【词汇拓展】 (1)generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，宽宏大量的，仁慈的；丰富的 be generous with sth. 在……方面大方 be generous to sb. 对某人大方 (2)It is generous of sb. to do... 某人做……真大方 (3)generously adv. 慷慨地 He is always generous with his money when his friends turn to him for help. 当他的朋友们向他求助时,他总是慷慨解囊。 11. destroy vt. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏 【教材原句】Criticizing will only destroy a relationship and create feelings of failure. 批评只能破坏关系, 让人产生失败感。 【词汇拓展】 destroy one's life/hope/confidence 毁掉某人的生活/希望/信心 destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 destructive adj. 引起破坏的 【易混辨析】 damage 既可作动词, 也可作名词, 指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词, 指彻底地破坏, 以致不可能修复, 常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重, 以致不能修复, 是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物, 也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 12. defeat vt. 击败，战胜n. 失败，战败；击败 【教材原句】He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. 他非常擅长描写硬汉们的冒险经历，他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭但不能被击败”。 【词汇拓展】 (1)defeat the enemy　打败敌人 (2)a big/bad defeat 大败 a narrow defeat 惜败 suffer a defeat 遭受失败 admit defeat 认输 Our baseball team suffered a defeat last week, but we didn’t give up. 我们的棒球队上周失利了, 但我们没有放弃。 【易混辨析】 defeat 宾语是竞争敌手，可以是人或团体 二者经常替换使用 beat 通常用于游戏或比赛中，表示“击败” win 宾语不能是竞争对手，而是 war、prize、game、match、battle、competition、support、respect等之类的词 13. attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图 【教材原句】After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish. 在两手空空 84 天后，圣地亚哥试图捕一条大鱼。 【词汇拓展】 (1)attempt to do sth./attempt at (doing) sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 (2)at the first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的 attempted murder 谋杀未遂 We made an attempt to leave for camping, but were stopped by our teacher. 我们试图离开去野营，但被我们的老师拦住了。 You should exercise for at least one hour every day in an attempt to keep fit. 为了保持健康，你每天应至少锻炼一小时。 【易混辨析】 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.,结果不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 14. confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的；混乱的 【教材原句】Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. 你现在脑子开始犯糊涂了, 他想。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be/get confused about... 对……感到困惑 (2)confusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的 (3)confuse vt. 使迷惑；使糊涂 confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 confuse sb. with sth. 用某物迷惑某人 (4)confusion n. 混乱；困惑 in confusion困窘地 If you are confused about anything, phone my office. 如果你对任何事情感到困惑, 打电话到我的办公室。  You confused me with your questions. 你的问题把我弄糊涂了。 【易混辨析】 confused多用来描述中心词或主语的感受，常以人作主语或修饰与人有关的look、voice、expression等词；而confusing多用来说明中心词或主语本身的特征，常以事物作主语。 15. 句型公式：be doing sth… when… 【教材原句】A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 孩子和男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 【句型分析】 教材原句为be doing...when...句型，意为“正在做……这时……”,类似结构有： (1)had just done...when...“刚做了……这时……” (2)be about to do...when...“正要做……这时……” (3)be on the point of doing...when...“正要做……这时……” We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发，这时开始下雨了。 He had just finished his homework when his mother came back. 他刚做完作业，这时他妈妈回来了。 16. 句型公式：表否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首引起的部分倒装 【教材原句】Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。 【句式解构】 (1)当表示否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首时,句子用部分倒装，即把 be动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。有类似用法的词或短语有never、seldom、hardly、rarely、neither...nor、not until、in no way、by no means、on no account、in no sense、no longer等。 (2)主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装；not only...but also...连接的并列复合句中，not only所在分句要部分倒装，but also所在分句不倒装。 Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. 他刚到车站，火车就开动了。 Neither have I seen him, nor have I heard from him recently. 最近我既没有见过他，也没有收到他的信。 17. 句型公式：with的复合结构 【教材原句】The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 【句式解构】 with复合结构的构成： (1)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)with+宾语+doing (表主动或进行) (3)with+宾语+done (表被动或完成) (4)with+宾语+to do (表未做) With everything bought, he left the supermarket. 买完了所有的东西,他离开了超市。 With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to music. 有许多事情要处理,我只好停止听音乐。 二、核心语法精讲(情态动词) 1.概述 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表明说话人的看法或主观设想。 2.基本用法 (1)can/could的用法 ①表示能力，意为“能，会”，泛指一般的能力。could为can的过去式。 ②表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能，有时会”。 ③表示许可，意为“可以”。can和could的时态没有差别，只是could的语气更加委婉。 ④表示推测，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信；且此时could的可能性比can小；常见can't形式表推测。 His brother studying in college can speak four kinds of foreign languages. 他在大学读书的哥哥会说四门外语。 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime, so it is nothing serious. 任何人在一生中都可能犯错误，因此这没什么大不了的。 Could I have a look at that new monitor？ 我可以看一下那台新的显示器吗？ He's just had lunch， so he can't be hungry at present. 他刚吃过午饭,所以现在不可能饿。 (2)may/might的用法 ①表示请求和许可。might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ②表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 ③may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 —Might/May I answer the phone in this room？—No, you can't/mustn't, because it is the meeting room. --我可以在这个房间接电话吗？--不,你不可以,因为这里是会议室。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 或许你妈妈不知道真相。 May you have a healthy body all the time. 愿你一直拥有一个健康的身体。 (3)must与have to的用法 ①表示“必须,必要”时，must强调说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要；must没有时态变化, have to 有时态变化。 Children must stay with their parents throughout the entire event. 整个活动期间,孩子必须和他们的父母待在一起。 Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her. 她妈妈生病了,她必须在家照顾她。 【易错提示】must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”；回答must引起的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn't, 而要用 needn't或 don't have to。 ②must表示推测、可能性(只用于表肯定的陈述句)。 ③must表示感情色彩,意为“偏偏；偏要；一定要”,表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。 —Must we hand in our exercise books now？—Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. ——我们必须现在就上交练习册吗？——是的, 你们必须现在上交。/不,你们不必。 You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 Your mother must be waiting for you now, so you'd better go back earlier. 你妈妈现在一定在等你，所以你最好早点回去。 I'm sleeping now. Must you make so much noise？ 我正在睡觉。你偏要弄出这么大的噪音吗？ (4)dare与need的用法 ①dare作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 ②need作情态动词时，表示“需要，有必要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn't表示“不必”；对 need 开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用 must 而不用need,作否定回答时用 needn't。 —Need I finish my homework today?—Yes, you must./No, you needn't. --我今天需要完成家庭作业吗？--是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。 I dare not go there alone. 我不敢独自去那儿。 You needn't worry about it. 你不必担心这件事。 ③dare和need 也可以用作实义动词。 I didn't dare to say a word. 我不敢说一句话。 You don't need to come in person. 你没有必要亲自来。 (5)shall与should/ought to的用法 ①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见；用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 What shall we do this evening? 今天晚上我们做什么？ You shall have the book when I finish reading it. 我看完这本书你可以看。 He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it. 如果他继续那样做，会受到惩罚的。 ②should/ought to表示劝告、建议、命令，用于各种人称；should也可以表示说话者的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然，竟然”。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求自己。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。 ③should/ought to表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重；在疑问句中常用should。 You ought to attend to your parents when they are old. 当你的父母年老时，你应该照顾他们。 (6)will/would的用法 ①二者均可表示请求,would语气更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我,好吗? ②表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never say those words to you any more. 我再也不会对你说那些话了。 ③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是”。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 假期期间,他总是每隔一天来看我一次。 【知识拓展】情态动词的进行式、完成式和完成进行式 (1)情态动词后接动词的进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 (2)情态动词后接动词的完成式，表示对过去情况的推测(can、could、may、might、must)或表示虚拟(may、might、could、should、need)。 (3)情态动词后接动词的完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。 Tom may be reading in the library now. 汤姆现在可能正在图书馆阅读。 Jack must have arrived home by now. 杰克现在肯定已经到家了。 You can't have seen Helen yesterday because she was in London. 你昨天是不可能看到海伦的，因为她当时在伦敦。 三、单元写作清单(写一封正式的书信向图书馆推荐购书目录) 假如你是晨光中学的李津,你的英国外教Alex打算在寒假里发起“英语经典诵读(English Classics for Recitation)”活动,现就诵读书目征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Alex写一封电子邮件: 1.你打算推荐的一本书; 2.推荐的原因; 3.希望从活动中有何收获。 注意:1.词数不少于80; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一封正式的书信向图书馆推荐购书目录，属于推荐信的范畴。推荐信是推荐某人、物或地点的专用书信。推荐信可能是写给个人的，也可能是写给某个组织或机构的。 2. 写作框架 体裁 推荐信——推荐书籍 时态 以一般现在时为主 人称 以第一、三人称为主 要点 1.写信目的； 2.推荐理由； 3.表达期望。 3. 写作素材 (1)话题词汇 ①science books　　　　 科学书籍 ②literary books 文学书籍 ③classic works 经典作品 ④science fiction 科幻小说 ⑤arouse our curiosity 激发我们的好奇心 ⑥broaden our horizons 开阔我们的视野 ⑦promote traditional culture 弘扬传统文化 ⑧enjoy the beauty of the language 欣赏语言之美 ⑨have a better understanding of 更好理解…… ⑩take one’s recommendation into account 考虑某人的推荐 adopt/follow/take one’s advice/suggestions 采纳某人的建议 (2)话题句式 (1)开头： ①I'm delighted to learn that you are going to visit Beijing, and I would like to offer my recommendation. 我很高兴知道你将去游览北京，我想提供我的推荐。 ②Knowing that more and more students are crazy about traditional Chinese culture, I am very delighted to recommend Chinese literary books to you. 了解到越来越多的学生对中国传统文化很着迷，我很乐意向您推荐中国文学书籍。 ③The reasons why I recommend them are as follows. 我推荐它们的理由如下。 (2)主体： ①Firstly, the website provides a variety of online courses, through which you can know about different cultures. 首先，这个网站提供了各种各样的网上课程，通过这些课程你可以了解不同的文化。 ②Besides, it will help you learn Chinese in interesting and effective ways. 此外，它还能帮助你以既有趣又高效的方式学习汉语。 ③In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. 除了为了知识而阅读，我们阅读也是为了乐趣和灵感。 ④In summary, literature not only can offer us joy, but also make us have a better understanding of Chinese language and culture. 总的来说，文学作品不仅能提供给我们快乐，还能使我们更好地理解汉语和中国文化。 (3)结尾： ①Hope my recommendation will be of help. 希望我的推荐有帮助。 ②I would appreciate it if you could take my recommendation into consideration. 如果您能考虑我的推荐，我将感激不尽。 (3)范文背诵 Dear Alex, 　　I’m Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School. Hearing that you intend to launch an activity called English Classics for Recitation, I feel much honored to have the chance to make my voice heard. 　　The book I’d like to recommend is Jane Eyre. As one of the classic novels published in the 19th century, its beauty not only lies in the language, but also exists in the characteristics of Jane. I firmly believe that the heroine Jane’s diligence, kindness and pursuit of independence and freedom will surely touch the readers deeply. 　　I hope the activity will be of great benefit to our growth. We will not only learn much knowledge but also broaden our horizons. Yours sincerely, Li Jin 易错点01 不同的包含 【错因辨析】contain, include contain “包含,含有,容纳,里面装有”,指包含全部内容或数量,也可指里面所包含的成分,不用于进行时态,表示“容纳”时相当于 hold include “包含,连……在内;计入;算入;包括”,用于表示所包含事物中的一部分,其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。including 为介词,放在所包括的事物之前,included为形容词,放在被修饰的名词之后 【对点训练】选词填空(contain/ include) ①She could hardly ________ herself with delight when she opened the parcel. ②There are three boxes in the room, ________ a red one, which ________ ten books. 易错点02 不同的“唤醒” 【错因辨析】wake/waken/awake/awaken 单词 词性 过去式 过去分词 用法 wake n. & v. woke woken 可接up waken v. wakened wakened 可接up awake v. & adj. awoke awoken 不接up awaken v. awakened awakened 不接up 【对点训练】 ①He determined ________(wake)the ignorant countrymen through writing.  ②Mom, can you ________ me up at 8: 00 tomorrow morning? ③He ________(awaken) by someone’s knocking on the window at midnight.  易错点03 seem后接动词不定式的三种情况 【错因辨析】 (1)to do表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生; (2)to be doing表示动作正在进行; (3)to have done表示动作已经完成。 【对点训练】 ①Nobody ________________ what has happened in the park.  好像没有人知道公园里发生了什么。 ②When I came in, he ________________ something.  当我进来的时候, 他好像正在吃东西。 ③There is no need to tell him the news because he ________________ it.  没有必要告诉他这个消息, 因为他似乎已经听说了。 易错点04 抽象名词的关系词 【错因辨析】 (1)抽象名词,如activity, case, point,state,stage, situation 等指“情况、情形、形势”等且后接定语从句时,常用where 或“介词+which”作引导词。 (2)如果抽象名词是表示时间的名词,如occasion, point, stage等其后的定语从句用when引导。 【对点训练】 ①Every time Ashrita tries to break a record, he reaches a point ________ he feels he cannot physically do any more.  ②Today, we’ll discuss some cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.  ③Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.  易错点05 不同的破坏 【错因辨析】 damage 既可作动词,也可作名词,指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底地破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物,也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 【对点训练】选词填空(damage, destroy, ruin) ①The bridge was badly ________ by the flood. ②In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ________. ③Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, ________ fourteen homes. 一、默写重点单词 1. ________ adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的 2. ________ vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 n. 上市；发射，发起 3. ________ vt. 包含，含有，容纳 4. ________ n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征 5. ________ adv. 因此，所以 6. ________ adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 7. ________ vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏 8. ________ vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败 9. ________ n. 闪光；闪现 vt. & vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现 10. ________ vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 二、词汇运用 1. She is always kind and helpful; t________(因此), she is loved by everyone around her. 2. The country plans to l________(发射) another spacecraft to explore outer space next year. 3. He is very interested in classic l________(文学) and has read many books by Lu Xun and Dickens. 4. It is a ________(普遍的) truth that hard work plays an important part in every person’s path to success. 5. They use trucks to ________(运输) fresh fruit from farms to downtown stores. 6. Ladies and Gentlemen, Good afternoon! I’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. My t________ today is The Power of Perseverance. 7. Most kids will go through a ________(阶段) of being faddy about what they eat. 8. It was not until he suffered a heavy d________ (failure to win) that he realized the importance of teamwork. 9. I will ________(试图) to answer all your questions. 10. Last night, a good idea ________ through my mind when I least expected it. 三、语法填空 1. Her ________(describe) of the concert made me wish I had been there. 2. The event highlighted the lasting global appeal ________ wuxia, a genre(体裁) of Chinese story featuring ancient martial artists. 3. When asked about this, she got this ________(confuse) look on her face. 4. Skipping breakfast is ________(extreme) harmful to our fitness. 5. It was her ________(generous) that offered poor children a chance to receive good education. 四、重点句型 1. 孩子和男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。(be doing...when...) ________________________________________________ and held it to his ear. 2. 让孩子为之惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。(what引导名词性从句) ________________________________________________ not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. 3. 每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。(介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装) ________________________ a man, ________________________ the race, and ________________________ the natural and social environments. 4. 我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。［表否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首引起的部分倒装］ ________________________________________________, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 5. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。(with复合结构) The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly ________________________________________________. 五、课文语法填空 Reading 　To enter and enjoy this new world of literature, we need to love it and make an effort 1.________(explain) it.Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race 2.________(be) the natural and social environments.We have now reached a point 3.________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature.Let’s look at some of its significant qualities.  　　The first quality of literature is its 4.________(describe) of truth and beauty.Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed 5.________ a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 　　The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.Its attraction lies more in what it 6.________(awake) in us than what it says. 　　The third quality of literature, 7.________(come) out of the other two, is its permanence.To achieve this, it should contain two 8.________(element): universal interest and personal style.Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope.It also 9._______ (take) on a personal style. 　　In summary, literature is 10.________ expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. Extended reading The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could 1.________(bring) him closer.For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he 2.________(straight) himself and began another circle.  　　He felt faint again now 3.________ he held on the great fish all the strain that he could. 　　But when he put all of his effort on, starting it well out 4.________ the fish came alongside and 5.________(pull) with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away. 　　That way nothing is accomplished. His mouth was too dry 6.________(speak)but he could not reach for the water now.  　　On the next turn, he 7.________(near) had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away. 　　Twice more it was 8.________ same on the turns. 　　He tried it once more and he felt 9.________(him) going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 　　The old man promised that he would try it again, although his hands were 10.________(mush) now and he could only see well in flashes. 六、阅读理解 A The Weirdest Tales in History promises stories too strange, dark or awkward for a typical classroom lesson. These are the kinds of stories your history teacher might have skipped over, even though they’re just as fascinating. From Ancient Rome to Cold War experiments, the book explores a wide range of lesser-known historical events. The book is made up of individual stories, so you can pick it up and start anywhere. Each one begins with ratings for absurdity, evidence, and cruelty, along with a “Tell-at-a-Party” introduction designed to grab your attention. The Roman Empire Goes to Auction, for example, opens like this: “In 193 CE (AD 193), Roman soldiers literally auctioned off(拍卖掉) the entire empire to the highest bidder(出价者) — and the winner ruled for 66 days before being killed.” The stories are told in a dramatic, often witty style that makes history feel alive and engaging. Each one ends with a “Truth Meter”, which sorts the details into “rock-solid”, “probable” or “debated”. A “Why This Story Matters” section then discusses the event’s historical impact and modern relevance. The analysis of the Roman auction, for instance, notes: “This isn’t just Rome’s weirdest moment. It’s a masterclass in what happens when the people guarding the system realize they can sell the system.” The informal style might strike some readers as too silly for serious history. However, the stories are well-researched and offer a fresh way to learn about the past. The book’s appeal goes beyond history, too. Its everyday language gives English as a second language (ESL) learners a chance to see how English is actually used, making it a great model for anyone who wants to sound more natural in English. Garlandium Books, the publisher, says on its Amazon page that its mission is “sharing knowledge in the most engaging way possible”. The Weirdest Tales in History largely lives up to that promise. Whether you’re a history buff or just curious, the book takes you on an entertaining and informative journey through some of the stranger, often grimmer corners of the past. 1. What do we know about the stories in the book? A. They follow a fixed time order. B. They center on famous events. C. They are rarely taught at school. D. They’re too dark to be interesting. 2. Why is the Roman auction mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the book’s format. B. To explain how auctions worked. C. To highlight the stories’ grimness. D. To show the book’s dramatic style. 3. What does the “Truth Meter” offer readers? A. A reliability check on the facts. B. A summary of each story’s plot. C. A measure of each story’s grimness. D. A rating of each story’s lasting value. 4. What does the author think of the book? A. Plain and practical. B. Strange but uplifting. C. Serious and demanding. D. Amusing and reliable. B In the following excerpt, beaten badly by the horsetraders, Don Quixote and Sancho arrive at an inn. The innkeeper receives them unwillingly. After staying for one night, they want to leave without paying… (Rocinante is Don Quixote’s horse.) “Look!” said Don Quixote in delight. “A castle!” “It’s an inn,” sighed Sancho, but he turned towards it. The innkeeper wasn’t very keen to take in a man who looked as battered(遭受重创的) as Don Quixote, but Sancho made up a story about falling off a rock, and the innkeeper’s wife found Don Quixote a place in the loft (阁楼). “He’s a knight errant(游侠骑士),” Sancho told her. “And I’m his squire(侍从).” “Well, I wouldn’t have known from the look of you.” “You wait. In a couple of weeks we’ll probably both be emperors.” Don Quixote asked for oil and various herbs and boiled them up together to make some Balsam of Fierabras(菲耶拉布拉斯圣水). Some he put in an old tin, and the stuff that wouldn’t fit in the tin, he and Sancho drank. The next morning, when they’d both more or less stopped being violently sick, Don Quixote replaced his lance with an iron pike he found leaning against a wall, and said goodbye to the innkeeper. “Many thanks for the magnificent kindness I have received in your castle,” he said. “Come off it! This is an inn, not a castle. And this is the bill.” Don Quixote waved it away. “Knights errant don’t pay bills,” he explained. “The honour of entertaining me is payment enough. Yes, it’s quite plain in all the accounts.” The innkeeper was so surprised he actually did let Don Quixote go, but Sancho wasn’t so lucky. “Me, pay a bill?” Sancho said, as bravely as he could. “You must be joking. Don’t you know anything about knight-errantry?” There’s no telling what the innkeeper might have done to Sancho then, but some young men, seeing the chance of some fun, put Sancho on a blanket and started flipping(抛掷) him up in the air on it so roughly that Sancho’s screams reached all the way to the road. Don Quixote rode back to the rescue at once, but when he got back to the inn he found he was still too wobbly(摇摇晃晃的) to get off Rocinante. Unfortunately, shouting commands at the young men had no effect at all. In the end the young men with the blanket got bored. They put Sancho on his donkey (the innkeeper having taken its saddlebags in payment for their stay) and pushed Sancho, very dizzy, out of the inn. “I would have saved you, but an enchantment(魔咒) had stuck me to my saddle,” said Don Quixote. “Would you like some Balsam of Fierabras?” “What, so I can throw up what guts I’ve got left?” asked Sancho, bitterly. “Ah well,” said Don Quixote, “it’s all part of being a knight errant: thrills, spills, winning battles…” “I wouldn’t know about thrills and battles,” said Sancho. “And as far as I’ve seen you don’t either.” 5. Why did the innkeeper agree to let Don Quixote and Sancho stay at the inn? A. He took pity on their poor condition. B. He was persuaded by Sancho’s words. C. He admired Don Quixote for being a knight. D. He hoped to receive a generous payment. 6. How did the innkeeper react when Don Quixote refused to pay? A. He was too shocked to insist. B. He got angry and beat him. C. He laughed at the silly excuse. D. He stayed calm and demanded payment. 7. What happened to Sancho at the inn? A. He was locked in a room. B. He was thrown in the air. C. He was put under a spell. D. He was pushed off his donkey. 8. What was Sancho’s attitude toward Don Quixote’s explanation in the end? A. Convinced. B. Amused. C. Doubtful. D. Tolerant. 七、完形填空 For years, self-doubt shadowed me. Its roots stretched back to my autism diagnosis(自闭症的诊断), a time when 1 was rare. Teachers puzzled over me, classmates bullied me, and I 2 my truth, letting the self-doubt grow heavier. Middle school compounded(混合) it: back surgery, failed exams, repeated SAT struggles. Yet beneath these 3 , a tiny voice insisted, “Keep going.” After three attempts, I finally passed — but 4 remained. To solve it, I began 5 — pouring anger, sadness, hope onto pages. 6 , feelings I couldn’t speak found shape. I started 7 my story: autism, bullying, the fight to believe. With each word, the doubt 8 . I realized my weaknesses like sensitivity and unique perspective became strengths. After I turned those writings into a book, responses 9 : readers felt less alone, and opened up their own 10 , while parents found hope. Then I began to instruct, 11 at conferences and connect with others who’d felt humble. In Dubai, after a speech, a shy teen — who communicated through song — stepped up. With my 12 , he sang of longing for family closeness, his voice raw and beautiful. In that moment, I knew: the 13 I once hid had helped someone express theirs. Now, I speak worldwide, but the real 14 is knowing someone out there hears my story and thinks, “Maybe I’m not alone.” To anyone 15 self-doubt, my advice is: Your voice matters. Write it down and share it. 1. A. sympathy B. observing C. understanding D. forgiveness 2. A. witnessed B. ignored C. remembered D. buried 3. A. troubles B. events C. appearances D. remarks 4. A. danger B. doubt C. panic D. pride 5. A. writing B. crying C. reading D. whispering 6. A. Generally B. Recently C. Occasionally D. Suddenly 7. A. explaining B. changing C. sharing D. reflecting 8. A. continued B. lightened C. deepened D. surfaced 9. A. leaked out B. turned up C. took off D. poured in 10. A. earnings B. dreams C. struggles D. complaints 11. A. wander B. speak C. defend D. discuss 12. A. encouragement B. treatment C. assessment D. commitment 13. A. identity B. accent C. pain D. voice 14. A. decision B. reward C. purpose D. suggestion 15. A. wrestling B. monitoring C. analyzing D. considering 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Exploring literature 词汇 一、阅读词汇 1. butterfly n. 蝴蝶 2. shell n. 贝壳；壳 3. turkey n. 火鸡；火鸡肉 4. chapter n. 章节；篇章 5. autobiography n. 自传 6. strain n. 用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负 二、写作词汇 1. earnest adj. 非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的 2. soul n. 灵魂；心性，内心 3. launch vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 n. 上市；发射，发起 4. contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳 5. element n. 要素，基本部分 6. feature n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征 7. author n. 作者，作家 8. therefore adv. 因此，所以 9. issue n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt. 宣布，公布 10. novel n. (长篇)小说 11. upper adj. 上部的；上面的 12. gap n. 差距；间隙 13. context n. (事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境 14. specific adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的 15. topic n. 话题；题目；标题 16. section n. 部分，部门；部件，散件 17. mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 18. stage n. 舞台；阶段；步骤 vt. 上演，举办 19. destroy vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏 20. defeat vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败 21. alongside adv. 在……旁边；与……一起 22. noble adj. 贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 23. flash n. 闪光；闪现 vt. & vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现 24. weave vi. & vt. (weaved, weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove, woven)编 三、拓展词汇 1. devote vt. 致力于；献身→devoted adj. 忠实的，忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚 2. appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁，恳求→appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的 3. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→determined adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→determination n. 决心；决定 4. significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的→significance n. 意义；重要性→significantly adv. 显著地；意味深长地 5. description n. 描述，形容，说明→describe vt. 描写；形容；描绘 6. reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n. 反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像 7. permanence n. 永久，持久性→permanent adj. 永久的 8. summary n. 总结，概括，概要→summaris(z)e v. 总结，概括；概述 9. particular adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv. 特别，尤其 10. collection n. (同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→collect vt. 收集；募捐→collector n. 收集者；收藏家 11. transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→transportation n. 运输；交通工具，运输工具 12. generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 13. poetry n. 诗集，诗歌→poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文 14. extremely adv. 极其，非常，极端→extreme adj. 极其的；极端的 n. 极端；极限 15. attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图→attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的 16. accomplish vt. 完成→accomplishment n. 成就；成绩；完成→accomplished adj. 技艺高超的，熟练的 17. confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的→confuse vt. 使困惑/迷惑不解→confusion n. 困惑；混淆 18. literature n. 文学，文学作品→literary adj. 文学的 19. sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的→sense n. 感觉 20. capable adj. 有能力, 有才能; 能力强的→capability n. 能力, 才能 21. awaken vt. & vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来→awake adj. 醒着的 22. mushy adj. 糊状的，软而稠的→mush n. 泥土 23. universal adj. 普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→universe n. 宇宙 24. straighten vt. 挺直；(使)变直，变正→straight adj. 直的 四、熟词生义 1. launch熟义：vt. 使(船)下水 ； 发射 生义：vt. (首次)上市，发行 2. contain熟义：vt. 包含，含有，容纳 生义：vt. 克制，抑制(感情)；控制，阻止 3. novel熟义：n. (长篇)小说 生义：adj. 新颖的；与众不同的 4. collection熟义：n. (同类)收藏品；作品集 生义：n. 募捐 5. stage熟义：n. 舞台；阶段；步骤 生义：vt. 上演，举办 6. issue熟义：n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 生义：vt. 宣布，公布 五、重点短语 1. devote oneself to致力，专心，献身 2. in store (for sb.)即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 3. in summary总的来说 4. draw on凭借，利用 5. ought to应该，应当 6. in particular尤其，特别 7. clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 8. be on the point of doing sth.正要做某事 写作 句型 1. What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. what引导主语从句 not...but...连接并列的表语 【译文】让孩子为之惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 2. In a word, we have now reached a point (where we wish to enjoy and understand literature). where引导定语从句，修饰先行词point 【译文】总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。 3. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just until引导时间状语从句 as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. as引导方式状语从句 【译文】一些真与美一直被忽视，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，正如贝壳捕捉到了我们未曾注意的声音一样。 4. One (who reads it) is capable of seeing the beauty (that was hidden from his eyes before). who引导定语从句，修饰one， that引导定语从句，修饰the beauty 【译文】读了这句诗的人便能看到以前隐匿在眼前的美。 5. [When Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus asks in the presence of Helen], when引导时间状语从句 “Was this the face (that launched a thousand ships)?” that引导定语从句，修饰the face he opens a door (through which our imagination enters a new world, through which是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰a door a world of love, beauty and heroism). a world of love, beauty and heroism是同位语。 【译文】克里斯托弗·马洛笔下的浮士德博士当着海伦的面问：“这就是那张让千艘战舰为之起航的面庞吗？”此时他便打开了一扇门，通过这扇门，我们的想象力进入了一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。 6. But [when he put all of his effort on], starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling when引导时间状语从句 starting ...and pulling ...是现在分词短语作伴随状语 before引导时间状语从句 with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away. 【译文】可是当他使出浑身力气，在鱼靠近之前就开始用尽全力拉线时，那鱼中途就挣扎着偏向一边，然后正正身子游走了。 语法 情态动词 写作 写一封正式的书信向图书馆推荐购书目录 一、知识点精讲 1. devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于 【教材原句】My meaning simply is...that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely... 我的意思就是……无论我致力于什么,我都是全身心投入…… 【词汇拓展】 ·devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于 devote...to (doing)... 把……用在/献给(做)某事上 ·be devoted to 致力于，献身于；忠诚于 devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 devotion n. 奉献 He devoted all his free time to reading literature. 他把所有的业余时间都用来读文学作品了。 【知识拓展】devote. . . to. . . 中的to为介词, 其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 adapt. . . to. . . 　 使适应; 使配合 adjust. . . to. . . 调节……以适应 apply. . . to. . . 把……应用于…… prefer. . . to. . . 喜欢……胜过…… attach. . . to. . . 把……附在……上 2. appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁 【教材原句】Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. 让一首小曲娱悦我们的耳朵,或者让一部巨著触动我们的心灵,这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界,一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。 【词汇拓展】 appeal to sb./sth. 吸引/迎合某人或某物 appeal to sb.for sth. 向某人申请某物 appeal (to sb.) to do sth. 呼吁(某人)做某事 ·make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的 Though he was poor, he never appealed to others for mercy. 尽管穷, 他从未向别人乞求怜悯。 The community is appealing to everyone to save water. 社区呼吁每个人节约用水。 We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge. 为建造这座桥, 我们呼吁村民捐款。 【知识拓展】“引人注目的, 吸引人的”高频词 ①appealing　②attractive　③charming ④eye-catching　⑤absorbing ⑥fascinating 3. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心 【教材原句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特 质。 【词汇拓展】 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 ·be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 determination n. 决心；决定 He has determined/is determined to make an appeal to the local government to take measures to protect the cultural relics. 他决定呼吁当地政府采取措施保护文化遗产。 The whole group determined on an early start. 全队都决定了早点出发。 【知识拓展】表示“决定做某事”的其他表达: decide to do sth. make up one's mind to do sth. 4. significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的 【教材原句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特质。 【词汇拓展】 It is significant that... ……有重要意义 significance n. 重要性；意义 be of significance = be significant 有重要意义的 attach significance to重视，认为……重要/有意义 significantly adv. 重大地；显著地 insignificant adj. 不重要的;无足轻重的 Plogging not only helps us keep physically and mentally healthy but also is of great significance to protect the environment and our homeland. 跑步捡垃圾不仅有助于我们保持身心健康,而且对保护环境和我们的家园具有重要意义。 5. description n. 描述，形容，说明 【教材原句】The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. 文学的第一个品质就是对真与美的描述。 【词汇拓展】 a description of... ……的描述/描写 a detailed/full/brief/general description 详细的/详尽的/简要的/大致的描述 beyond description 无法形容,难以描述 give a description of　对……进行描述/描写 describe v. 描述；形容 describe...as... 把……描述为…… describe how/what... 描述…… descriptive adj. 描写的, 叙述的 The West Lake is very beautiful and it is beyond description. 西湖非常美, 难以用言语来描述。 The police asked me to give a description of how the accident happened. 警察让我描述一下事故是怎样发生的。 The couple are spending their holiday on what is described as the most beautiful island in the world. 这对夫妇正在被称为世界上最美丽的岛屿上度假。 6. sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的 【教材原句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 一些真与美一直被忽视, 直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意, 就像贝壳反射出未被注意的声音一样。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be sensitive to　　　 对……敏感 (2) sense n. 感觉官能, 观念 a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默/责任感 there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事无意义 I learned that fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. 我了解到鱼是一种冷血动物, 因此对水温非常敏感。 He has a strong sense of responsibility. 他有一种强烈的责任感。 There is no sense in pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it. 除非他们很有才华而且自己喜欢, 否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。  【知识拓展】 ①be addicted to　 对……上瘾 ②be accessible to 容易接近, 易到达 ③be equal to 与……相等 ④be familiar to 被(人)熟知 ⑤be sensitive to 对……敏感 ⑥be thankful to 对……感激 7. reflect vt. & vi. 反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思 【教材原句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 有些真与美一直不为人察觉,直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意,正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/沉思某事 (2)reflection n. 反射;反映;映像 on/upon reflection 经过认真思考 The lake is calm and clear, and an old tower is reflected in the water. 湖面平静清澈, 一座古塔倒映在水面上。 I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未来的几年里他会认真思考自己的决定。 8. particular adj. 特别的,格外的；特指的；挑剔的 【教材原句】Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. 尤其是老师可以就有趣的阅读材料提供建议，这些材料在图书馆或书店很容易找到。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔 in particular 特别;尤其 (2)particularly adv. 尤其 He is very particular about the kitchen—everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place. 他对厨房非常讲究--每件东西都必须非常干净，而且要放在相应的位置。 9. mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的v. 表示……的意思；本意是；打算；意味着 【教材原句】The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. 这本书的主要人物是斯克鲁奇，一个富有但吝啬的老人。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬 (2)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 (3)means n. 方法，方式 by means of 借助……手段，依靠……方法 by all means可以，当然行 by no means 绝不 (4)meaning n. 意思；意义 (5)meaningful adj. 有意义的；重大的 The rich boss, who is mean to his workers, is so mean with money that he doesn't like to donate any to those in need, which contributes to his failure in the end. 那位富有的老板对他的员工很刻薄，对钱非常吝啬，不愿捐一分钱给那些穷困的人，这最终导致了他的失败。 10. generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 【教材原句】There is something that can be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we should treat others with kindness, generosity and love. 可以从《圣诞颂歌》里学到一些东西：我们应该以善意、宽容和爱对待他人。 【词汇拓展】 (1)generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，宽宏大量的，仁慈的；丰富的 be generous with sth. 在……方面大方 be generous to sb. 对某人大方 (2)It is generous of sb. to do... 某人做……真大方 (3)generously adv. 慷慨地 He is always generous with his money when his friends turn to him for help. 当他的朋友们向他求助时,他总是慷慨解囊。 11. destroy vt. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏 【教材原句】Criticizing will only destroy a relationship and create feelings of failure. 批评只能破坏关系, 让人产生失败感。 【词汇拓展】 destroy one's life/hope/confidence 毁掉某人的生活/希望/信心 destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 destructive adj. 引起破坏的 【易混辨析】 damage 既可作动词, 也可作名词, 指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词, 指彻底地破坏, 以致不可能修复, 常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重, 以致不能修复, 是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物, 也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 12. defeat vt. 击败，战胜n. 失败，战败；击败 【教材原句】He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. 他非常擅长描写硬汉们的冒险经历，他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭但不能被击败”。 【词汇拓展】 (1)defeat the enemy　打败敌人 (2)a big/bad defeat 大败 a narrow defeat 惜败 suffer a defeat 遭受失败 admit defeat 认输 Our baseball team suffered a defeat last week, but we didn’t give up. 我们的棒球队上周失利了, 但我们没有放弃。 【易混辨析】 defeat 宾语是竞争敌手，可以是人或团体 二者经常替换使用 beat 通常用于游戏或比赛中，表示“击败” win 宾语不能是竞争对手，而是 war、prize、game、match、battle、competition、support、respect等之类的词 13. attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图 【教材原句】After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish. 在两手空空 84 天后，圣地亚哥试图捕一条大鱼。 【词汇拓展】 (1)attempt to do sth./attempt at (doing) sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 (2)at the first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的 attempted murder 谋杀未遂 We made an attempt to leave for camping, but were stopped by our teacher. 我们试图离开去野营，但被我们的老师拦住了。 You should exercise for at least one hour every day in an attempt to keep fit. 为了保持健康，你每天应至少锻炼一小时。 【易混辨析】 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.,结果不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 14. confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的；混乱的 【教材原句】Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. 你现在脑子开始犯糊涂了, 他想。 【词汇拓展】 (1)be/get confused about... 对……感到困惑 (2)confusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的 (3)confuse vt. 使迷惑；使糊涂 confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 confuse sb. with sth. 用某物迷惑某人 (4)confusion n. 混乱；困惑 in confusion困窘地 If you are confused about anything, phone my office. 如果你对任何事情感到困惑, 打电话到我的办公室。  You confused me with your questions. 你的问题把我弄糊涂了。 【易混辨析】 confused多用来描述中心词或主语的感受，常以人作主语或修饰与人有关的look、voice、expression等词；而confusing多用来说明中心词或主语本身的特征，常以事物作主语。 15. 句型公式：be doing sth… when… 【教材原句】A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 孩子和男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 【句型分析】 教材原句为be doing...when...句型，意为“正在做……这时……”,类似结构有： (1)had just done...when...“刚做了……这时……” (2)be about to do...when...“正要做……这时……” (3)be on the point of doing...when...“正要做……这时……” We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发，这时开始下雨了。 He had just finished his homework when his mother came back. 他刚做完作业，这时他妈妈回来了。 16. 句型公式：表否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首引起的部分倒装 【教材原句】Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。 【句式解构】 (1)当表示否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首时,句子用部分倒装，即把 be动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。有类似用法的词或短语有never、seldom、hardly、rarely、neither...nor、not until、in no way、by no means、on no account、in no sense、no longer等。 (2)主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装；not only...but also...连接的并列复合句中，not only所在分句要部分倒装，but also所在分句不倒装。 Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. 他刚到车站，火车就开动了。 Neither have I seen him, nor have I heard from him recently. 最近我既没有见过他，也没有收到他的信。 17. 句型公式：with的复合结构 【教材原句】The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 【句式解构】 with复合结构的构成： (1)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)with+宾语+doing (表主动或进行) (3)with+宾语+done (表被动或完成) (4)with+宾语+to do (表未做) With everything bought, he left the supermarket. 买完了所有的东西,他离开了超市。 With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to music. 有许多事情要处理,我只好停止听音乐。 二、核心语法精讲(情态动词) 1.概述 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表明说话人的看法或主观设想。 2.基本用法 (1)can/could的用法 ①表示能力，意为“能，会”，泛指一般的能力。could为can的过去式。 ②表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能，有时会”。 ③表示许可，意为“可以”。can和could的时态没有差别，只是could的语气更加委婉。 ④表示推测，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信；且此时could的可能性比can小；常见can't形式表推测。 His brother studying in college can speak four kinds of foreign languages. 他在大学读书的哥哥会说四门外语。 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime, so it is nothing serious. 任何人在一生中都可能犯错误，因此这没什么大不了的。 Could I have a look at that new monitor？ 我可以看一下那台新的显示器吗？ He's just had lunch， so he can't be hungry at present. 他刚吃过午饭,所以现在不可能饿。 (2)may/might的用法 ①表示请求和许可。might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ②表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 ③may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 —Might/May I answer the phone in this room？—No, you can't/mustn't, because it is the meeting room. --我可以在这个房间接电话吗？--不,你不可以,因为这里是会议室。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 或许你妈妈不知道真相。 May you have a healthy body all the time. 愿你一直拥有一个健康的身体。 (3)must与have to的用法 ①表示“必须,必要”时，must强调说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要；must没有时态变化, have to 有时态变化。 Children must stay with their parents throughout the entire event. 整个活动期间,孩子必须和他们的父母待在一起。 Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her. 她妈妈生病了,她必须在家照顾她。 【易错提示】must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”；回答must引起的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn't, 而要用 needn't或 don't have to。 ②must表示推测、可能性(只用于表肯定的陈述句)。 ③must表示感情色彩,意为“偏偏；偏要；一定要”,表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。 —Must we hand in our exercise books now？—Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. ——我们必须现在就上交练习册吗？——是的, 你们必须现在上交。/不,你们不必。 You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 Your mother must be waiting for you now, so you'd better go back earlier. 你妈妈现在一定在等你，所以你最好早点回去。 I'm sleeping now. Must you make so much noise？ 我正在睡觉。你偏要弄出这么大的噪音吗？ (4)dare与need的用法 ①dare作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 ②need作情态动词时，表示“需要，有必要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn't表示“不必”；对 need 开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用 must 而不用need,作否定回答时用 needn't。 —Need I finish my homework today?—Yes, you must./No, you needn't. --我今天需要完成家庭作业吗？--是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。 I dare not go there alone. 我不敢独自去那儿。 You needn't worry about it. 你不必担心这件事。 ③dare和need 也可以用作实义动词。 I didn't dare to say a word. 我不敢说一句话。 You don't need to come in person. 你没有必要亲自来。 (5)shall与should/ought to的用法 ①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见；用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 What shall we do this evening? 今天晚上我们做什么？ You shall have the book when I finish reading it. 我看完这本书你可以看。 He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it. 如果他继续那样做，会受到惩罚的。 ②should/ought to表示劝告、建议、命令，用于各种人称；should也可以表示说话者的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然，竟然”。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求自己。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。 ③should/ought to表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重；在疑问句中常用should。 You ought to attend to your parents when they are old. 当你的父母年老时，你应该照顾他们。 (6)will/would的用法 ①二者均可表示请求,would语气更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我,好吗? ②表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never say those words to you any more. 我再也不会对你说那些话了。 ③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是”。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 假期期间,他总是每隔一天来看我一次。 【知识拓展】情态动词的进行式、完成式和完成进行式 (1)情态动词后接动词的进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 (2)情态动词后接动词的完成式，表示对过去情况的推测(can、could、may、might、must)或表示虚拟(may、might、could、should、need)。 (3)情态动词后接动词的完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。 Tom may be reading in the library now. 汤姆现在可能正在图书馆阅读。 Jack must have arrived home by now. 杰克现在肯定已经到家了。 You can't have seen Helen yesterday because she was in London. 你昨天是不可能看到海伦的，因为她当时在伦敦。 三、单元写作清单(写一封正式的书信向图书馆推荐购书目录) 假如你是晨光中学的李津,你的英国外教Alex打算在寒假里发起“英语经典诵读(English Classics for Recitation)”活动,现就诵读书目征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Alex写一封电子邮件: 1.你打算推荐的一本书; 2.推荐的原因; 3.希望从活动中有何收获。 注意:1.词数不少于80; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一封正式的书信向图书馆推荐购书目录，属于推荐信的范畴。推荐信是推荐某人、物或地点的专用书信。推荐信可能是写给个人的，也可能是写给某个组织或机构的。 2. 写作框架 体裁 推荐信——推荐书籍 时态 以一般现在时为主 人称 以第一、三人称为主 要点 1.写信目的； 2.推荐理由； 3.表达期望。 3. 写作素材 (1)话题词汇 ①science books　　　　 科学书籍 ②literary books 文学书籍 ③classic works 经典作品 ④science fiction 科幻小说 ⑤arouse our curiosity 激发我们的好奇心 ⑥broaden our horizons 开阔我们的视野 ⑦promote traditional culture 弘扬传统文化 ⑧enjoy the beauty of the language 欣赏语言之美 ⑨have a better understanding of 更好理解…… ⑩take one’s recommendation into account 考虑某人的推荐 adopt/follow/take one’s advice/suggestions 采纳某人的建议 (2)话题句式 (1)开头： ①I'm delighted to learn that you are going to visit Beijing, and I would like to offer my recommendation. 我很高兴知道你将去游览北京，我想提供我的推荐。 ②Knowing that more and more students are crazy about traditional Chinese culture, I am very delighted to recommend Chinese literary books to you. 了解到越来越多的学生对中国传统文化很着迷，我很乐意向您推荐中国文学书籍。 ③The reasons why I recommend them are as follows. 我推荐它们的理由如下。 (2)主体： ①Firstly, the website provides a variety of online courses, through which you can know about different cultures. 首先，这个网站提供了各种各样的网上课程，通过这些课程你可以了解不同的文化。 ②Besides, it will help you learn Chinese in interesting and effective ways. 此外，它还能帮助你以既有趣又高效的方式学习汉语。 ③In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. 除了为了知识而阅读，我们阅读也是为了乐趣和灵感。 ④In summary, literature not only can offer us joy, but also make us have a better understanding of Chinese language and culture. 总的来说，文学作品不仅能提供给我们快乐，还能使我们更好地理解汉语和中国文化。 (3)结尾： ①Hope my recommendation will be of help. 希望我的推荐有帮助。 ②I would appreciate it if you could take my recommendation into consideration. 如果您能考虑我的推荐，我将感激不尽。 (3)范文背诵 Dear Alex, 　　I’m Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School. Hearing that you intend to launch an activity called English Classics for Recitation, I feel much honored to have the chance to make my voice heard. 　　The book I’d like to recommend is Jane Eyre. As one of the classic novels published in the 19th century, its beauty not only lies in the language, but also exists in the characteristics of Jane. I firmly believe that the heroine Jane’s diligence, kindness and pursuit of independence and freedom will surely touch the readers deeply. 　　I hope the activity will be of great benefit to our growth. We will not only learn much knowledge but also broaden our horizons. Yours sincerely, Li Jin 易错点01 不同的包含 【错因辨析】contain, include contain “包含,含有,容纳,里面装有”,指包含全部内容或数量,也可指里面所包含的成分,不用于进行时态,表示“容纳”时相当于 hold include “包含,连……在内;计入;算入;包括”,用于表示所包含事物中的一部分,其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。including 为介词,放在所包括的事物之前,included为形容词,放在被修饰的名词之后 【对点训练】选词填空(contain/ include) ①She could hardly ________ herself with delight when she opened the parcel. ②There are three boxes in the room, ________ a red one, which ________ ten books. 【答案】①contain ②including; contains 易错点02 不同的“唤醒” 【错因辨析】wake/waken/awake/awaken 单词 词性 过去式 过去分词 用法 wake n. & v. woke woken 可接up waken v. wakened wakened 可接up awake v. & adj. awoke awoken 不接up awaken v. awakened awakened 不接up 【对点训练】 ①He determined ________(wake)the ignorant countrymen through writing.  ②Mom, can you ________ me up at 8: 00 tomorrow morning? ③He ________(awaken) by someone’s knocking on the window at midnight.  【答案】①to awaken ②wake ③was awakened 易错点03 seem后接动词不定式的三种情况 【错因辨析】 (1)to do表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生; (2)to be doing表示动作正在进行; (3)to have done表示动作已经完成。 【对点训练】 ①Nobody ________________ what has happened in the park.  好像没有人知道公园里发生了什么。 ②When I came in, he ________________ something.  当我进来的时候, 他好像正在吃东西。 ③There is no need to tell him the news because he ________________ it.  没有必要告诉他这个消息, 因为他似乎已经听说了。 【答案】①seems to know ②seemed to be eating ③seems to have heard of 易错点04 抽象名词的关系词 【错因辨析】 (1)抽象名词,如activity, case, point,state,stage, situation 等指“情况、情形、形势”等且后接定语从句时,常用where 或“介词+which”作引导词。 (2)如果抽象名词是表示时间的名词,如occasion, point, stage等其后的定语从句用when引导。 【对点训练】 ①Every time Ashrita tries to break a record, he reaches a point ________ he feels he cannot physically do any more.  ②Today, we’ll discuss some cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.  ③Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.  【答案】①where ②where ③where 易错点05 不同的破坏 【错因辨析】 damage 既可作动词,也可作名词,指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底地破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物,也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 【对点训练】选词填空(damage, destroy, ruin) ①The bridge was badly ________ by the flood. ②In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ________. ③Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, ________ fourteen homes. 【答案】①damaged ②ruins ③destroying 一、默写重点单词 1. ________ adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的 2. ________ vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 n. 上市；发射，发起 3. ________ vt. 包含，含有，容纳 4. ________ n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征 5. ________ adv. 因此，所以 6. ________ adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 7. ________ vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏 8. ________ vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败 9. ________ n. 闪光；闪现 vt. & vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现 10. ________ vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 【答案】 1. capable 2. launch 3. contain 4. feature 5. therefore 6. mean 7. destroy 8. defeat 9. flash 10. transport 二、词汇运用 1. She is always kind and helpful; t________(因此), she is loved by everyone around her. 【答案】therefore/herefore 【详解】句意：她总是善良且乐于助人；因此，她受到周围每个人的喜爱。根据中文提示“因此”以及首字母可知，应填入副词therefore，作状语，表示因果关系。 2. The country plans to l________(发射) another spacecraft to explore outer space next year. 【答案】launch/aunch 【详解】句意：该国计划明年发射另一艘航天器来探索外太空。根据中文提示“发射”以及首字母l可知，此处使用动词launch，固定搭配plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，此处需用动词原形。 3. He is very interested in classic l________(文学) and has read many books by Lu Xun and Dickens. 【答案】literature/iterature 【详解】句意：他对古典文学非常感兴趣，并且读过很多鲁迅和狄更斯的书。根据中文提示“文学”以及首字母提示l可知，应填入名词literature，表示总体概念，为不可数名词。 4. It is a ________(普遍的) truth that hard work plays an important part in every person’s path to success. 【答案】universal 【详解】句意：努力工作在每个人通往成功的道路上扮演着重要的角色，这是一个普遍的真理。“普遍的”是形容词universal，在句中作定语，修饰名词truth。 5. They use trucks to ________(运输) fresh fruit from farms to downtown stores. 【答案】transport 【详解】句意：他们使用卡车将新鲜水果从农场运输到市中心的商店。根据汉语提示“运输”可知是动词transport，不定式to后，应用动词原形。 6. Ladies and Gentlemen, Good afternoon! I’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. My t________ today is The Power of Perseverance. 【答案】topic/opic 【详解】句意：女士们，先生们，下午好！我很高兴站在这里给大家做一个简短的演讲。我今天的主题是《坚持的力量》。根据单词首字母以及句意，可知此处需要名词topic，表示“主题”，在句中作主语。 7. Most kids will go through a ________(阶段) of being faddy about what they eat. 【答案】phase/stage 【详解】句意：大多数孩子都会经历一个挑食的阶段。根据汉语提示“阶段”以及“go through a”可知，此空是名词phase或stage，作宾语。 8. It was not until he suffered a heavy d________ (failure to win) that he realized the importance of teamwork. 【答案】defeat/efeat 【详解】句意：直到他遭受了惨重的失败，他才意识到团队合作的重要性。根据首字母提示及英文释义“failure to win(未能获胜)”可知，应填名词defeat，意为“失败”；空前有a heavy，需要可数名词单数，在句中作动词suffered的宾语。 9. I will ________(试图) to answer all your questions. 【答案】attempt 【详解】句意：我将试图回答你所有的问题。根据汉语提示“试图”可知，用动词attempt，与will构成一般将来时。 10. Last night, a good idea ________ through my mind when I least expected it. 【答案】flashed 【详解】句意：昨晚，在我完全没有预料的时候，一个好想法闪过我的脑海。时间状语last night表示过去时间，句子用一般过去时，flash through one’s mind是固定搭配，表示“闪过某人脑海”，flash的过去式是flashed。 三、语法填空 1. Her ________(describe) of the concert made me wish I had been there. 【答案】description 【详解】句意：她对这场音乐会的描述让我真希望当时我也在场。形容词性物主代词Her后接名词，describe的名词形式为description，表示“描述”。 2. The event highlighted the lasting global appeal ________ wuxia, a genre(体裁) of Chinese story featuring ancient martial artists. 【答案】of 【详解】句意：该活动凸显了武侠在全球范围内经久不衰的吸引力，一种以古代武者为特色的中国故事体裁。the appeal of sth.是固定搭配，意为“……的吸引力”。 3. When asked about this, she got this ________(confuse) look on her face. 【答案】confused 【详解】句意：当被问及此事时，她脸上露出了困惑的表情。空格处需用形容词修饰名词 “look”(表情)，描述人的感受；confused，表示“感到困惑的”，用于修饰人或与人相关的表情、神态等。 4. Skipping breakfast is ________(extreme) harmful to our fitness. 【答案】extremely 【详解】句意：不吃早餐对我们的健康非常有害。空处修饰形容词harmful，应填副词extremely作状语。 5. It was her ________(generous) that offered poor children a chance to receive good education. 【答案】generosity 【详解】句意：正是她的慷慨为贫困儿童提供了接受良好教育的机会。her为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，再结合句意“慷慨”应填generous的名词形式generosity，强调句式It was...that用来强调主语her generosity。 四、重点句型 1. 孩子和男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。(be doing...when...) ________________________________________________ and held it to his ear. 【答案】A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell 2. 让孩子为之惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。(what引导名词性从句) ________________________________________________ not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. 【答案】What amazed the child was 3. 每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。(介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装) ________________________ a man, ________________________ the race, and ________________________ the natural and social environments. 【答案】Behind every book is; behind the man is; behind the race are 4. 我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。［表否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首引起的部分倒装］ ________________________________________________, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 【答案】Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful 5. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。(with复合结构) The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly ________________________________________________. 【答案】with the great tail weaving in the air 五、课文语法填空 Reading 　To enter and enjoy this new world of literature, we need to love it and make an effort 1.________(explain) it.Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race 2.________(be) the natural and social environments.We have now reached a point 3.________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature.Let’s look at some of its significant qualities.  　　The first quality of literature is its 4.________(describe) of truth and beauty.Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed 5.________ a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 　　The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.Its attraction lies more in what it 6.________(awake) in us than what it says. 　　The third quality of literature, 7.________(come) out of the other two, is its permanence.To achieve this, it should contain two 8.________(element): universal interest and personal style.Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope.It also 9._______ (take) on a personal style. 　　In summary, literature is 10.________ expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. Extended reading The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could 1.________(bring) him closer.For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he 2.________(straight) himself and began another circle.  　　He felt faint again now 3.________ he held on the great fish all the strain that he could. 　　But when he put all of his effort on, starting it well out 4.________ the fish came alongside and 5.________(pull) with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away. 　　That way nothing is accomplished. His mouth was too dry 6.________(speak)but he could not reach for the water now.  　　On the next turn, he 7.________(near) had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away. 　　Twice more it was 8.________ same on the turns. 　　He tried it once more and he felt 9.________(him) going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 　　The old man promised that he would try it again, although his hands were 10.________(mush) now and he could only see well in flashes. 【答案】 Reading 1. to explain 2.are 3. where 4. description 5.until 6. awakens 7. coming 8. elements 9. takes 10.the Extended reading 1. to bring 2. straightened 3. but 4. before 5. pulling 6. to speak 7. nearly 8. the 9.himself 10. mushy 六、阅读理解 A The Weirdest Tales in History promises stories too strange, dark or awkward for a typical classroom lesson. These are the kinds of stories your history teacher might have skipped over, even though they’re just as fascinating. From Ancient Rome to Cold War experiments, the book explores a wide range of lesser-known historical events. The book is made up of individual stories, so you can pick it up and start anywhere. Each one begins with ratings for absurdity, evidence, and cruelty, along with a “Tell-at-a-Party” introduction designed to grab your attention. The Roman Empire Goes to Auction, for example, opens like this: “In 193 CE (AD 193), Roman soldiers literally auctioned off(拍卖掉) the entire empire to the highest bidder(出价者) — and the winner ruled for 66 days before being killed.” The stories are told in a dramatic, often witty style that makes history feel alive and engaging. Each one ends with a “Truth Meter”, which sorts the details into “rock-solid”, “probable” or “debated”. A “Why This Story Matters” section then discusses the event’s historical impact and modern relevance. The analysis of the Roman auction, for instance, notes: “This isn’t just Rome’s weirdest moment. It’s a masterclass in what happens when the people guarding the system realize they can sell the system.” The informal style might strike some readers as too silly for serious history. However, the stories are well-researched and offer a fresh way to learn about the past. The book’s appeal goes beyond history, too. Its everyday language gives English as a second language (ESL) learners a chance to see how English is actually used, making it a great model for anyone who wants to sound more natural in English. Garlandium Books, the publisher, says on its Amazon page that its mission is “sharing knowledge in the most engaging way possible”. The Weirdest Tales in History largely lives up to that promise. Whether you’re a history buff or just curious, the book takes you on an entertaining and informative journey through some of the stranger, often grimmer corners of the past. 1. What do we know about the stories in the book? A. They follow a fixed time order. B. They center on famous events. C. They are rarely taught at school. D. They’re too dark to be interesting. 2. Why is the Roman auction mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the book’s format. B. To explain how auctions worked. C. To highlight the stories’ grimness. D. To show the book’s dramatic style. 3. What does the “Truth Meter” offer readers? A. A reliability check on the facts. B. A summary of each story’s plot. C. A measure of each story’s grimness. D. A rating of each story’s lasting value. 4. What does the author think of the book? A. Plain and practical. B. Strange but uplifting. C. Serious and demanding. D. Amusing and reliable. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍《The Weirdest Tales in History》这本书的内容、编排特色、语言风格以及它的价值与优点。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Weirdest Tales in History promises stories too strange, dark or awkward for a typical classroom lesson. These are the kinds of stories your history teacher might have skipped over, even though they’re just as fascinating.(《史上最离奇故事》收录了那些太过怪异、沉重或尴尬，不适合常规课堂的故事。这类故事历史老师可能会略过，尽管它们同样吸引人)”可知，书中的故事很少在学校讲授。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The book is made up of individual stories, so you can pick it up and start anywhere. Each one begins with ratings for absurdity, evidence, and cruelty, along with a “Tell-at-a-Party” introduction designed to grab your attention.(这本书由独立故事组成，你可以随手翻开从任意地方读起。每个故事开头都有荒诞度、证据充分度、残酷程度评分，还有用来吸引读者的趣味引言)”可知，举罗马帝国被拍卖的例子是为了说明这本书的编排形式。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each one ends with a “Truth Meter”, which sorts the details into “rock-solid”, “probable” or “debated”.(每个故事结尾都设有“真实度标尺”，把细节分为确凿可信、有可能、存在争议三类)”可知，它用来检验事实信息的可靠程度。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, the stories are well-researched and offer a fresh way to learn about the past.(但这些故事经过充分考证，提供了学习历史的新颖方式)”以及尾段中的“Whether you’re a history buff or just curious, the book takes you on an entertaining and informative journey through some of the stranger, often grimmer corners of the past.(无论你是历史爱好者还是只是好奇，这本书带你开启一场有趣又增长见识的旅程，探访过去那些离奇且往往沉重的角落)”可知，作者认为这本书有趣且内容可信。 B In the following excerpt, beaten badly by the horsetraders, Don Quixote and Sancho arrive at an inn. The innkeeper receives them unwillingly. After staying for one night, they want to leave without paying… (Rocinante is Don Quixote’s horse.) “Look!” said Don Quixote in delight. “A castle!” “It’s an inn,” sighed Sancho, but he turned towards it. The innkeeper wasn’t very keen to take in a man who looked as battered(遭受重创的) as Don Quixote, but Sancho made up a story about falling off a rock, and the innkeeper’s wife found Don Quixote a place in the loft (阁楼). “He’s a knight errant(游侠骑士),” Sancho told her. “And I’m his squire(侍从).” “Well, I wouldn’t have known from the look of you.” “You wait. In a couple of weeks we’ll probably both be emperors.” Don Quixote asked for oil and various herbs and boiled them up together to make some Balsam of Fierabras(菲耶拉布拉斯圣水). Some he put in an old tin, and the stuff that wouldn’t fit in the tin, he and Sancho drank. The next morning, when they’d both more or less stopped being violently sick, Don Quixote replaced his lance with an iron pike he found leaning against a wall, and said goodbye to the innkeeper. “Many thanks for the magnificent kindness I have received in your castle,” he said. “Come off it! This is an inn, not a castle. And this is the bill.” Don Quixote waved it away. “Knights errant don’t pay bills,” he explained. “The honour of entertaining me is payment enough. Yes, it’s quite plain in all the accounts.” The innkeeper was so surprised he actually did let Don Quixote go, but Sancho wasn’t so lucky. “Me, pay a bill?” Sancho said, as bravely as he could. “You must be joking. Don’t you know anything about knight-errantry?” There’s no telling what the innkeeper might have done to Sancho then, but some young men, seeing the chance of some fun, put Sancho on a blanket and started flipping(抛掷) him up in the air on it so roughly that Sancho’s screams reached all the way to the road. Don Quixote rode back to the rescue at once, but when he got back to the inn he found he was still too wobbly(摇摇晃晃的) to get off Rocinante. Unfortunately, shouting commands at the young men had no effect at all. In the end the young men with the blanket got bored. They put Sancho on his donkey (the innkeeper having taken its saddlebags in payment for their stay) and pushed Sancho, very dizzy, out of the inn. “I would have saved you, but an enchantment(魔咒) had stuck me to my saddle,” said Don Quixote. “Would you like some Balsam of Fierabras?” “What, so I can throw up what guts I’ve got left?” asked Sancho, bitterly. “Ah well,” said Don Quixote, “it’s all part of being a knight errant: thrills, spills, winning battles…” “I wouldn’t know about thrills and battles,” said Sancho. “And as far as I’ve seen you don’t either.” 5. Why did the innkeeper agree to let Don Quixote and Sancho stay at the inn? A. He took pity on their poor condition. B. He was persuaded by Sancho’s words. C. He admired Don Quixote for being a knight. D. He hoped to receive a generous payment. 6. How did the innkeeper react when Don Quixote refused to pay? A. He was too shocked to insist. B. He got angry and beat him. C. He laughed at the silly excuse. D. He stayed calm and demanded payment. 7. What happened to Sancho at the inn? A. He was locked in a room. B. He was thrown in the air. C. He was put under a spell. D. He was pushed off his donkey. 8. What was Sancho’s attitude toward Don Quixote’s explanation in the end? A. Convinced. B. Amused. C. Doubtful. D. Tolerant. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 【导语】选文讲述唐吉诃德和桑乔住进客店，唐吉诃德拒绝付费得以离开，桑乔却被年轻人抛起来捉弄，桑乔并不认同唐吉诃德的说辞。 5. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The innkeeper wasn’t very keen to take in a man who looked as battered (遭受重创的) as Don Quixote, but Sancho made up a story about falling off a rock, and the innkeeper’s wife found Don Quixote a place in the loft (阁楼).(店主本来不太愿意收留看起来伤得很重的唐吉诃德，但是桑乔编造了一个他从岩石上摔下来的故事，店主的妻子就在阁楼给唐吉诃德安排了住处。)”可知，桑乔的说辞说服了店主。 6. 细节理解题。根据第十三段“The innkeeper was so surprised he actually did let Don Quixote go, but Sancho wasn’t so lucky.(店主十分吃惊，居然就让唐吉诃德离开了，可桑乔就没有这么幸运了。)”可知，店主太过吃惊，没有坚持要唐吉诃德付钱。 7. 细节理解题。根据第十五段“There’s no telling what the innkeeper might have done to Sancho then, but some young men, seeing the chance of some fun, put Sancho on a blanket and started flipping (抛掷) him up in the air on it so roughly that Sancho’s screams reached all the way to the road.(当时不知道店主会对桑乔做出什么事，但是几个年轻人觉得这是个寻开心的机会，他们把桑乔放到毯子上，开始用力把他往空中抛，桑乔的叫声一直传到大路上。)”可知，桑乔被人抛到空中。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““I wouldn’t know about thrills and battles,” said Sancho. “And as far as I’ve seen you don’t either.”(桑乔说，“我可没看到什么刺激场面和战斗。而且在我看来，你也一样没见识到。”)”可知，桑乔对唐吉诃德的解释持怀疑态度。 七、完形填空 For years, self-doubt shadowed me. Its roots stretched back to my autism diagnosis(自闭症的诊断), a time when 1 was rare. Teachers puzzled over me, classmates bullied me, and I 2 my truth, letting the self-doubt grow heavier. Middle school compounded(混合) it: back surgery, failed exams, repeated SAT struggles. Yet beneath these 3 , a tiny voice insisted, “Keep going.” After three attempts, I finally passed — but 4 remained. To solve it, I began 5 — pouring anger, sadness, hope onto pages. 6 , feelings I couldn’t speak found shape. I started 7 my story: autism, bullying, the fight to believe. With each word, the doubt 8 . I realized my weaknesses like sensitivity and unique perspective became strengths. After I turned those writings into a book, responses 9 : readers felt less alone, and opened up their own 10 , while parents found hope. Then I began to instruct, 11 at conferences and connect with others who’d felt humble. In Dubai, after a speech, a shy teen — who communicated through song — stepped up. With my 12 , he sang of longing for family closeness, his voice raw and beautiful. In that moment, I knew: the 13 I once hid had helped someone express theirs. Now, I speak worldwide, but the real 14 is knowing someone out there hears my story and thinks, “Maybe I’m not alone.” To anyone 15 self-doubt, my advice is: Your voice matters. Write it down and share it. 1. A. sympathy B. observing C. understanding D. forgiveness 2. A. witnessed B. ignored C. remembered D. buried 3. A. troubles B. events C. appearances D. remarks 4. A. danger B. doubt C. panic D. pride 5. A. writing B. crying C. reading D. whispering 6. A. Generally B. Recently C. Occasionally D. Suddenly 7. A. explaining B. changing C. sharing D. reflecting 8. A. continued B. lightened C. deepened D. surfaced 9. A. leaked out B. turned up C. took off D. poured in 10. A. earnings B. dreams C. struggles D. complaints 11. A. wander B. speak C. defend D. discuss 12. A. encouragement B. treatment C. assessment D. commitment 13. A. identity B. accent C. pain D. voice 14. A. decision B. reward C. purpose D. suggestion 15. A. wrestling B. monitoring C. analyzing D. considering 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 【导语】文章讲述了作者长期受自我怀疑困扰，自闭症确诊后历经诸多困境，通过书写抒发内心情绪、分享自身经历，最终出书、各地演讲，鼓励同样深陷自我怀疑的人们勇敢表达自己。 1. 考查名词。句意：其根源可以追溯到我被诊断出自闭症的时候，那时人们对自闭症的了解甚少。A. sympathy同情；B. observing观察；C. understanding了解；D. forgiveness宽恕。根据下文“Teachers puzzled over me, classmates bullied me”可知，当时大家几乎不了解自闭症。 2. 考查动词。句意：老师们对我感到困惑，同学们欺负我，我隐藏起自己真实的状况，任由自我怀疑不断加重。A. witnessed目睹；B. ignored忽视；C. remembered记得；D. buried埋藏，掩藏。根据下文“letting the self-doubt grow heavier”以及第五段中“I once hid”可知，作者没有把自己患自闭症的真实情况说出来，将自身患病真相深埋心底。 3. 考查名词。句意：然而在这些困境之下，一个微弱的声音坚持说道：“坚持下去。”A. troubles困境，烦心事；B. events事件；C. appearances外表；D. remarks评论。上文“back surgery, failed exams, repeated SAT struggles”提到了背部手术、考试失利、SAT多次受挫，这些都是作者遭受的困境、麻烦事。 4. 考查名词。句意：历经三次尝试，我终于通过了考试，但自我怀疑依旧存在。A. danger危险；B. doubt怀疑；C. panic恐慌；D. pride骄傲。根据第一段中“letting the self-doubt grow heavier”可知，此处指尽管最终通过考试，但自我怀疑依然存在。 5. 考查动词。句意：为了解决这件事，我开始写作——把愤怒、悲伤与希望全都倾诉在纸上。A. writing写作；B. crying哭泣；C. reading阅读；D. whispering低语。根据空后“pouring anger, sadness, hope onto pages”以及第四段中“After I turned those writings into a book”可知，作者开始写作。 6. 考查副词。句意：突然间，那些无法诉诸言语的情绪找到了载体。A. Generally大体上；B. Recently最近；C. Occasionally偶尔；D. Suddenly突然间。根据上文“I began ____ — pouring anger, sadness, hope onto pages”以及空后“feelings I couldn’t speak found shape.”可知，之前说不出口的情绪，通过写的方式一下子就有了具象的表达，是写作带来的突发的奇妙变化，即作者的情绪突然间找到了表达形式。 7. 考查动词。句意：我开始分享我的经历：自闭症、遭受欺凌、努力建立自信的挣扎。A. explaining解释；B. changing改变；C. sharing分享；D. reflecting反思。根据下文“my story: autism, bullying, the fight to believe”以及第四段中“After I turned those writings into a book”可知，作者把自己的经历写成了书，说明他不止是自己写，还开始对外分享自己的自闭症、被霸凌的故事。 8. 考查动词。句意：伴随着写下的每一个文字，心中的疑虑慢慢减轻。A. continued继续；B. lightened减轻；C. deepened加深；D. surfaced浮出水面。根据下文“I realized my weaknesses like sensitivity and unique perspective became strengths”可知，作者逐渐意识到自己曾经的弱点反而成了优势，自我自我怀疑的负担变轻了。 9. 考查动词短语。句意：当我把文字整理成书后，反馈接踵而至：读者不再感到孤单，纷纷倾诉自己的艰难处境，家长们也从中看到希望。A. leaked out泄露；B. turned up出现；C. took off起飞；D. poured in大量涌入。根据下文“readers felt less alone, and opened up their own ____, while parents found hope”可知，读者的回应源源不断涌来，描述反馈的密集状态。 10. 考查名词。句意：当我把文字整理成书后，反馈接踵而至：读者不再感到孤单，纷纷倾诉自己的艰难处境，家长们也从中看到希望。A. earnings收入；B. dreams梦想；C. struggles挣扎，艰难经历；D. complaints抱怨。根据上文“readers felt less alone”以及最后一段中“Maybe I’m not alone”可知，读者读了作者的故事后不再觉得孤单，发现自己和作者有着相似的挣扎，纷纷敞开自己的心扉，讲述自己的难处。 11. 考查动词。句意：之后我开始授课，在各类会议上演讲，并和同样自卑的人沟通交流。A. wander徘徊；B. speak演讲；C. defend捍卫；D. discuss讨论。根据第五段中“In Dubai, after a speech”可知，作者在会议上发表演讲。 12. 考查名词。句意：在我的鼓励下，他唱出了渴望亲情的心声，嗓音质朴动人。A. encouragement鼓励；B. treatment治疗；C. assessment评估；D. commitment投入。根据上文“a shy teen”可知，这位少年十分害羞，在作者鼓励下开口歌唱。 13. 考查名词。句意：那一刻我明白了：我曾经极力隐藏的心声，帮助别人表达出了他自己的心声。A. identity身份；B. accent口音；C. pain痛苦；D. voice心声。根据最后一段中“Your voice matters”可知，此处指作者曾经极力隐藏、不敢表达的心声。 14. 考查名词。句意：如今我在世界各地演讲，但真正的收获是知道远方有人读到我的故事，心想“或许我并不是孤身一人”。A. decision决定；B. reward回报，收获；C. purpose目标；D. suggestion建议。根据下文“knowing someone out there hears my story and thinks, ‘Maybe I’m not alone.’”可知，演讲带给了作者内心的收获与回报。 15. 考查动词。句意：致每一个与自我怀疑苦苦抗争的人，我的建议是：你的心声很重要。A. wrestling搏斗，奋力应对；B. monitoring监控；C. analyzing分析；D. considering考虑。根据上文第三段“With each word, the doubt ____. I realized my weaknesses like sensitivity and unique perspective became strengths.”可知，此处指与自我怀疑苦苦抗争的人们。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $