Unit 7 The natural world（复习课件）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

译林版·八年级上（新教材） Unit7 The natural world 单元复习 Unit7 The natural world 复习目标 知识图谱 考点串讲 单元语法 主题写作 综合训练 CONTNETS 复习目标 1. 词汇：掌握 ecosystem, ocean, wetland, forest, oxygen, pollution, wildlife, nature reserve, rare 等生态系统与保护类词汇及词形变化。 2. 短语：熟记 be home to, so...that..., plenty of, get rid of, make up, take in, play an important role in, because of, pay attention to, lead to, the number of, take action, set up, all year round, in the north-east of 等高频短语。 3. 语法（重点）：掌握动词及基本句型（Ⅱ）——双宾语结构（S+V+O+O）及其 to/for 转换（give...to / build...for）、宾语补足语结构（S+V+O+C：keep the eggs safe / call the ocean the "heart" of the earth），并正确使用并列连词 and, but, or, so。 4. 易混点：辨析双宾语动词与 to/for 的搭配（give/hand/lend/offer/pass/send/show/tell/write 接 to；build/buy/cook/find/get/make/order/pick/prepare/save 接 for）；the number of 与 a number of 的区别；because 与 because of 的用法差异。 5. 阅读：读懂 The big three: oceans, wetlands and forests 语篇，提取三大生态系统的覆盖面积、功能与比喻（heart/kidneys/lungs of the earth）等信息。 6. 写作：能就保护某一生态系统（如湿地、森林、海洋）写一篇短文或倡议，正确使用时态、S+V+O+O / S+V+O+C 句型与保护类词汇。 知识图谱 Fun Clubs 短语 动词 名词 形容词 单词 句型 so+形容词+that从句 be home to 语法 写作 "自然界的生态系统" prevent trap ecosystem balanced a(n)...time of year Unit7 The natural world 考点串讲 译林版·八年级上册 1.______ n. 珊瑚 coral 2._____ n. 礁 reef 3.________ n. 企鹅 penguin 4.__________ n. 生态系统 ecosystem 5._________ n. 降雨量，下雨 rainfall 6.________ n. 气候 climate 7.______ n. 池塘 pond 8._______ adv. 大约 around 9._____ vt. 容纳；拿着；举行 hold 10._______ vi. 返回，回去，回来 return 11.________ vt. 防止，阻止 prevent 12.______ vt. 贮存 store 1.7.2013 ‹#› 13._______ n. 海绵块 sponge 14.____ vi. 起作用；行动 vt. & vi. 扮演 act 15.________ n. 湿地 wetland 16.________ vt. 包括 include 17.___________ adj. 非生物的 non-living 18._______ n. 肾脏 kidney 19._______________ n. 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide 20._____ vt. 吸收；使落入险境 trap 21.__________ adv. 因此 therefore 22._____ n. 肺 lung 23.______ adv. 不幸地；悲伤地 sadly 24.____ n. 吨 ton 1.7.2013 ‹#› 25.______ vt. & n. 伤害，损害 harm 26.______ n. 躲避处；罩子 cover 27._____ adj. 稀罕的，珍贵的 rare 28.__________________ n. 丹顶鹤 red-crowned crane 29.________ n. 白天 daytime 30._____ vi. 造成(后果) lead to 导致 lead 31._____ n. 泥，淤泥，泥浆 mud 32._______ vt. 创建，创造 set up 建立 create 33._________ adj. 保持平衡的 balanced 34.________ n. 项目 project 35.__________ n. 知识 knowledge 36._________ n. 野生动物 wildlife 1.7.2013 ‹#› 37.______ n. 话题 topic 38.______ adj. 铺满沙子的，含沙的 sandy 39.______ adj. 充满噪声的；吵闹的 noisy 40._______ n. 系统；体系 system 41.______ vt. 使发生，造成，导致 n. 原因；理由 cause 42.________ vt. 损害，毁坏 n. 损坏，损失；损害 damage 43.___________ n. 废水 wastewater 44._____________________ adj. 环保的，不损害环境的 environment-friendly 45.____ n. 先生 sir 46._______ n. 女士 madam 47.________________ adj. & adv. 东北；东北方的；向东北方 north-east n., 48._____ vt. & vi. 杀死 kill 1.7.2013 ‹#› 1. 最喜欢 _________________________ like...best 2. 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天 _____________________________________ in spring/summer/autumn/winter 3. 一年中的……时候 _______________________________ a(n)...time of year 4. 在一年中的这个时候 ________________________________ at this time of year 5. 去游泳 ____________________________ go swimming 6. 像 / look like 看起来像 ______________________ be like 7. 充满 ________________________ be full of 8. 遥远地 ________________________ far away 9. 放风筝 ________________________ fly a kite 10. 躲避 / hide sth from... 藏起某物使……找不到 _________________ hide from 1.7.2013 ‹#› 11. 对……的回忆 _____________________________ memories of... 12. 在地上 _________________________________ upon/on the ground 13. 收获庄稼 ____________________________ harvest crops 14. 再次 __________________________ once again 15. 忙于…… ___________________________ be busy with 16. 在田地里 __________________________ in the fields 17. 去野餐 _____________________________ go for a picnic 18. 堆雪人 ______________________________ make snowmen 19. 全年 ____________________________ all year round 20. 了解，知道 __________________________ know about 1.7.2013 ‹#› 21. 和某人分享某物 ______________________________ share sth with sb 22. 踢足球 ___________________________ play football 23. 整天 ______________________ all day 24. 去公园 ____________________________ go to the park 25. 在公园 _________________________ at the park 26. 用某物遮住…… _____________________________ cover...with sth 27. 有点儿 ____________________ a bit 28. 的热 _______________________________ the heat of... …… 29. 进行短途旅行 ______________________________ have a short trip 30. 在周末 _________________________________________ at/on the weekend = at/on weekends 1.7.2013 ‹#› 31. 打)雪仗 ____________________________________ (have) snowball fights ( 32. 在古代 ______________________________ in ancient times 33. 把……分成…… ____________________________ divide...into... 34. 节气 ___________________________ Solar Terms 35. 以……开始/结束 ____________________________ start/end with 36. 在……(方面)的变化 ___________________________ changes in... 37. 除……之外，也，还 _________________________ as well as 38. 与……有联系 ________________________________ be connected with 39. 对……有……的影响 _________________________________ have a(n)...effect on 40. 数以千计的，成千上万的 ___________________________ thousands of 1.7.2013 ‹#› 41. 与……有联系 ____________________________ (be) related to 42. 几个 _____________________ a few 43. 平均来说 __________________________ on average 44. 出去 ____________________________ go outside/out 45. 在……的开始 _____________________________ at the start of... 46. 紧挨着 ______________________ next to 47. 各处走动 _________________________ get around 48. 为某人订购某物 _________________________________________ order sth for sb = order sb sth 49. 保重 ________________________ take care 50. 朝……扔某物 ____________________________ throw sth at... 1.7.2013 ‹#› 1. 是的，沙漠的气候非常恶劣，只有少数动植物能够在那里存活。 Yes, the ________ in _______ is so ______ that ______ ______ ______ animals and plants can ______ there. climate deserts awful only a few live 2. 因此，人们常把森林称为地球之"肺"。 __________, people often call _______ the "______" of the ______. Therefore forests lungs earth 3. 它在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。 It ______ an __________ ______ in ________ ______ ________ change. plays important role slowing down climate 1.7.2013 ‹#› 4. 海洋中有数百万吨塑料，而且很难去除它。 There are ________ ______ ______ of plastic in the ocean and it's very ________ ______ ______ ______ of it. millions of tons difficult to get rid 5. 我们是时候采取行动保护海洋了。 ______ ______ ______ us ______ ______ _______ and ________ the ocean. It's time for to take action protect 6. 我今日写信是为了请求您帮助保护海洋。 I am writing ______day to ______ ______ your help in __________ the ocean. to ask for protecting 1.7.2013 ‹#› 1.___________non-(否定前缀) + (adj. 活着的；活的) → ___________(adj. 非生物的) living non-living 2.___________(vt. 容纳；拿着；举行) → ___________(过去式 hold held 3.___________(vt. 吸收；使落入险境) → ___________(过去式 trap trapped 4.___________(adj. 悲哀的；难过的) + -ly(副词后缀) → ___________(adv. 不幸地；悲伤地) sad sadly 5.___________(n. 沙子) + -y(形容词后缀) → ___________(adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的) sand sandy 6.___________(n. 噪声；吵闹声) + -y(形容词后缀) → ___________(adj. 充满噪声的；吵闹的) noise noisy 7.___________[vi. 造成(后果)] → ___________(过去式 lead led 8.___________[v. (使)保持平衡] + -(e)d(形容词后缀) → ___________(adj. 保持平衡的) balance balanced 1.7.2013 ‹#› 1. The polar ice is home to animals like polar bears and penguins.（教材P93） 极地冰原是北极熊和企鹅等动物的家园。 be home to 是……的栖息地/家园；是……的所在地 This small town is home to the famous poet. 这个小镇是那位著名诗人的故乡。 The Amazon Rainforest is home to many unique species. 亚马孙雨林是许多独特 物种的栖息地。 拓展 at home 在家里；make yourself at home 请随便，别拘束(招呼客人时说)； make somebody feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 即时训练 —Qinghai Lake is ______ to tens of thousands of water birds every year. A. home B. house C. family D. room ✓ 句意：青海湖每年是成千上万只水鸟的家园。be home to是固定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地/家园；是……的所在地”，home前不加冠词。故选A。 2. Yes, the climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. （教材P93） 是的，沙漠的气候非常恶劣，只有少数动植物能够在那里存活。 so...that... 如此……以至于…… so 是副词，后接形容词或副词，表示程度，that 从句表示结果。常用的结构有： ① so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. 外面太冷了，我们不 得不停止比赛。 即时训练 The snow is ______ heavy ______ we can't go to school today. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that ✓ 句意：雪太大，我们今天不能去上学。so+形容词+that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故选A。 ② so + many/much/few/little(少) + 名词 + that 从句 There are so many people in the hall that we can't find a seat. 大厅里有如此多的人以至于我 们找不到座位。 ③ so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 This is so difficult a problem that few students can work it out. 这是一道如此难的题，几乎没有学 生能解答出来。 注意 such...that... 与 so...that... 意思相同，但 such 修饰的是名词(短语)。 She is such a good teacher that we all like her. 她是一位很优秀的老师，所以我们都喜欢她。 即时训练 There is ______ little water in the bottle that we can't drink any. A. so B. such C. too D. very ✓ 句意：瓶子里水太少，我们什么也喝不到。so+little/few+名词+that...，此处little表示“少”，用so修饰。故选A。 3. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area.（教材P94） 生态系统包括一个区域内所有的生物和非生物。 (1) include 〔及物动词〕 ① 包括；包含（指整体中包含某些/个部分，不用于进行时。） The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 这次游览包括参观科学博物馆。 Does the price include postage? 这个价格包含邮费吗？ ② 将……列为……的一部分；把……算入 You should include some examples in your article. 你应该在文章里举一些例子。 We need to include children in our study. 我们需要将儿童纳入我们的研究。 即时训练 —Does the price ______ the breakfast? —Yes, it does. A. include B. including C. included D. includes ✓ 句意：这个价格包含早餐吗？include是及物动词，意为“包括；包含”，不用于进行时；助动词does后接动词原形。故选A。 拓展 ① included〔形容词〕包括在内的（无比较级，一般位于名词 或代词之后。） Everyone laughed, me included. 每个人都笑了，包括我在内。 ② including〔介词〕包括；包含在内（和其后的名词/代词一起构成介 宾短语。） The whole family will tour some big cities, including Beijing and Shanghai. 全家人将去包括北京和上海在内的一 些大城市旅游。 即时训练 There are thirty students in our class, ______ our monitor. A. includes B. included C. including D. include ✓ 句意：我们班有三十名学生，包括班长在内。including是介词，意为“包括；包含在内”，和其后的名词/代词构成介宾短语。故选C。 (2) living ①〔形容词〕活着的；活的；现存的；在使用的 living things 生物 The living plants make the room look nice. 这些活的植物让房间 看起来很漂亮。 The elephant is the biggest living land animal. 大象是现今最 大的陆生动物。 English is a living language. 英语是一门在使用的语言。 ②〔名词〕生计；生活方式；活着的人 She earns her living by selling handicrafts. 她靠卖手工艺品谋生。 They lead a simple living in the countryside. 他们在乡下过 着简朴的生活。 The living should cherish their lives. 活着的人应该珍惜自己的生命。 拓展 non-living〔形容词〕非生物的；无生命的 Rocks and sand are non-living things in a desert ecosystem. 岩石和沙子是沙漠生态系 统中的非生物。 即时训练 She earns her ______ by selling handicrafts in the small town. A. live B. living C. life D. alive ✓ 句意：她靠在小镇上卖手工艺品谋生。earn one's living意为“谋生”，living是名词，意为“生计”。故选B。 4. It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the lands and then returns to the ocean.（教材 P94-95） 它（海洋）容纳大量海水，水分升上天空，落到陆地上，然后流回海洋。 (1) hold 〔及物动词〕(held, held) ① 容纳；包含 The classroom can hold over 100 students. 这间教室能容纳100多名学生。 ② 举行；召开 hold an event/a party/a competition 举行活动/聚会/比赛 hold the sports meeting 举行运动会 ③ 拿着；握住 He was holding his father's hand. 他正握着他爸爸的手。 ④ 使保持(在某位置)；支撑……的重量 Hold your head up. 抬起头来。 I don't think that branch will hold your weight. 我觉得那根树枝撑不住你的重量。 即时训练 The sports meeting will be ______ next Friday on the playground. A. held B. hold C. holding D. holds ✓ 句意：运动会将于下周五在操场举行。hold an event/a sports meeting意为“举行活动/运动会”，此处用被动语态be held。故选A。 (2) 辨析：rise 与 raise The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 The girl raised the boxes onto the truck. 女孩将箱子搬到卡车上。 即时训练 The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west every day. A. rises B. raises C. rose D. raised ✓ 句意：太阳每天从东方升起，在西方落下。rise是不及物动词，意为“升起；上升”，后不接宾语；描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The sun为第三人称单数。故选A。 5. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the "heart" of the earth. （教材P95） 这个过程循环往复，所以海洋就如同地球之“心”。 go on ① (情况、形势)继续下去，持续 We hope the nice weather will go on for the weekend picnic. 我们希望这样的好天气将持续到周 末野餐的时候。 ② 继续(做某事) go on doing sth 表示继续做之前正在做的事情；go on to do sth 表示做完一件事后，接 着做另一件事。 He went on reading the book for the whole night. 他整晚都继续读那本书。 After cleaning the room, she went on to cook dinner. 打扫完房间后，她 接着去做晚饭。 ③ (灯)亮；通(电)；开始运行(反义短语：go off) Suddenly all the lights went on. 突然所有的灯都亮了。 ④ (时间)流逝；过去 As time goes on, we will understand the importance of health. 随着时间的流逝，我们会明白 健康的重要性。 ⑤ 发生；进行 What's going on here? 这里发生了什么事？ 即时训练 He went on ______ the book for the whole night without any rest. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads ✓ 句意：他整晚都继续读那本书，没有休息。go on doing sth表示继续做之前正在做的事情。故选A。 6. Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean.（教材P95） 湿地中的植物有助于去除污染，净化水质。 get rid of 清除；摆脱（强调设法清除或摆脱不需要的人、事物或状况。） We should get rid of the rubbish in time. 我们应该及时清除垃圾。 I want to get rid of these old clothes. 我想处理掉这些旧衣服。 即时训练 It is not easy to ______ bad habits, but we should try our best. A. get rid of B. get on with C. get away from D. get along with ✓ 句意：摆脱坏习惯并不容易，但我们应该尽力而为。get rid of意为“清除；摆脱”，强调设法清除不需要的事物。故选A。 7. Wetlands can also help prevent floods.（教材P95） 湿地还能帮助防洪。 prevent 〔及物动词〕防止，阻止 ① prevent sth 预防/阻止某事/物 We should take action to prevent pollution. 我们应该采取行动阻止污染。 ② prevent...from doing sth 阻止……做某事（在主动句中 from 可省略，可与 stop/keep...from doing sth 进行互换。） These difficulties never prevented her from following her dreams. 这些困难从未阻止她追 逐自己的梦想。 即时训练 The bad weather didn't ______ the workers from finishing the bridge on time. A. prevent B. stop C. keep D. get ✓ 句意：坏天气并没有阻止工人们按时完成大桥。prevent...from doing sth意为“阻止……做某事”，与stop/keep...from doing sth同义。故选A。 Unit7 The natural world 单元语法 译林版·八年级上册 一、单项选择 1. The sentence structure of “The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.” is ______. A. S + V + O B. S + V + O + O C. S + V + O + C D. S + V + P ✓ 2. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “The mother bird keeps the eggs safe.”? A. The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. B. People call the ocean the “heart” of the earth. C. We should build a better home for local wildlife. D. Trees can provide animals with energy. ✓ 3. Wetlands are really important for wildlife, ______ we must protect them. A. and B. but C. or D. so ✓ 4. Her mother bought her a small bed. = Her mother bought a small bed ______ her. A. to B. for C. with D. from ✓ 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The sun ______ (give) ocean animals light and heat. gives 2. Her mother bought ______ (she) a small bed. her 3. The news made the old woman _______ (happy). happy 4. Trees keep the air ______ (clean). clean 5. My father often tells ______ (we) stories. us Unit7 The natural world 主题写作 译林版·八年级上册 本单元话题是围绕"自然界的生态系统"展开的，写作时，通常要求我们就如何保护某生态系统进行宣传，主要写作内容包括该生态系统的重要性，其面临的问题及原因、解决办法等。写作时我们通常可以用一般现在时，以第一人称或第三人称为主。 ◆ 说明重要 　　用 is home to / plays an important role in 说明其重要性。 ◆ 转折提问题 　　用 however 引出面临的问题。 ◆ 分析原因 　　说明被破坏的原因，如 cut down、make space。 ◆ 解决办法 　　用 It's time to... / we can / should 给出建议。 ◆ 表达期望 　　结尾表达对未来的美好期望。 开头 Beginning 介绍雨林的重要性 ▸ It is home to... / It plays an important role in... 中间 Body 问题 → 原因 → 保护建议 ▸ However...are destroyed / cut down trees / It's time to... / What's more... 结尾 Ending 表达期望 ▸ We all hope that rainforests can be more beautiful. 常用句型 • ...is home to... • It plays an important role in... • The biggest problem is... • It's time for us to do sth. • What's more, ... • We can help... • We should... 教材典句 （本单元可结合常用句型灵活运用） 为迎接世界雨林日，学校将举办一次以"保护雨林"为主题的宣传周活动。请你写一篇宣传稿，结合相关要求，呼吁同学们一起认识和保护雨林。 参考词汇：species 物种；adjust 调节；be destroyed 被破坏 要求： 1. 包含所有提示信息，并适当发挥； 2. 不少于80词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 The rainforest is a key part of our natural world. ________________________________________ The rainforest is a key part of our natural world. It is home to about half of animal species. It plays an important role in adjusting the climate and helping clean the air. The rainforest is very important for us. However, it is facing some problems. Every year, lots of rainforests are destroyed because people cut down trees for wood and to make space for farming. It's time for us to take action and protect the rainforest. As students, we can tell people around us the importance of rainforests and ask more people to join us. What's more, the government should stop people from cutting down trees and doing other harmful things to rainforests. We all hope that rainforests can be more beautiful. Unit7 The natural world 综合训练 译林版·八年级上册 一、单项选择 1. The ice is ______ to animals like polar bears and penguins. A. house B. family C. home D. room ✓ 2. The climate in deserts is so awful ______ only a few animals and plants can live there. A. that B. to C. as D. for ✓ 3. The number of red-crowned cranes in Zhalong ______ getting smaller. A. are B. is C. be D. were ✓ 4. The ocean water is becoming dirtier ______ different human activities. A. of B. because C. because of D. for ✓ 5. The area provides food and cover ______ a lot of wildlife. A. to B. with C. from D. for ✓ 6. Making the wetlands smaller will ______ to less space for wildlife. A. lead B. take C. bring D. get ✓ 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. When you look at a coral reef, you might think it is _______ (simple) a group of colourful rocks. simply 2. The ocean water is becoming dirtier, and this causes corals to die _______ (slow). slowly 3. What's more, climate change is _______ (great) damaging the ocean environment. greatly 4. The ocean is getting warmer, and it may not be a ________ (friend) environment for coral reefs. friendly 5. ________ (lucky), more scientists are paying attention to coral reefs. Luckily 译林版·八年级上册（新教材） $