Unit 1 Science fiction单元练习卷 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit 1 Science fiction单元练习卷 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版 选择性必修第四册 （试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟） 第一部分 单词练习（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 单句语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 1.The participants were            (random) divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background. 2.I called the office to find out what time my doctor’s            (appoint) was scheduled for. 3.In our science project, collaborative problem-solving proved superior             working alone, as it allowed us to combine our unique strengths. 4.All the people present at the meeting urged that we            (raise) our awareness of environmental protection. 5.First of all, keep in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the            (appoint) time. 6.After receiving his acceptance letter, Tomˈs            (declare) that he would take a gap year to travel and volunteer was met with mixed reactions from his parents. 7.Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that            ​(urge) steps should be taken to restore the riverˈs original beauty. 8.The simple fact is that, for most people, surfing is too expensive to do            a regular basis. 9.The parents had no money           (buy) a birthday present for their child. 10.In the darkness, she felt           (follow) but when she turned around, nobody was there. 第二节 单词拼写（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 11.There is an obvious            (分歧) between them on the matter. 12.For most of us, memory is a mess of            (模糊不清的) and faded pictures of our lives. 13.In the practice, we can experience the value of            (劳动) and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills. 14.The meeting was             (暂停) due to my ridiculous mistake and my colleagues were sympathetic to me. 15.To my grief, he didn't treat me with             (尊严) and tears rolled down my face uncontrollably. 16.They             （消除）my fears and encouraged me to stick it out. 17.They distanced themselves from each other on purpose. It’s an            （荒谬的）situation—neither of them will talk to the other. 18.I feel            (内疚的) about the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my guilt. 19.Using baskets and             (梯子)，we first picked the peaches that were most beautiful in color. 20.I worked as a part-time           (推销员) in a supermarket last year. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A These four sci-fi novels are must-reads for any fan. Each one offers a unique vision of the world that you wonˈt forget. Dune by Frank Herbert The story centers on a struggle for a special spice in a desert planet, Arrakis. This planet is the only source of the spice, which is essential for space travel, extends human life, and can even give people visions of the future. The novelˈs depth of knowledge in fields such as ecology, environmental science, and biological evolution almost reaches an academic level. Foundation by Isaac Asimov In this story, mathematician Hari Seldon develops psychohistory, a new science predicting the Galactic Empireˈs collapse. To preserve knowledge and culture and shorten the dark age, Seldon gathers the empireˈs best scientists and scholars, and establishes secret foundations on the edge of the galaxy. The novel reminds us that even in chaotic times, human wisdom and foresight remain our greatest assets (有价值的事物) against uncertainty. The Martian by Andy Weir After a dust storm forces his crew to withdraw from Mars, astronaut Mark Watney is presumed dead and left behind. Surviving on limited supplies and his botany expertise, he grows potatoes in human waste and communicates with Earth. While NASA struggles to rescue him, Watney battles the planet with science and stubborn optimism. Neuromancer by William Gibson This novel follows Case, a computer hacker carrying out a network infiltration (渗 透) mission aimed at breaking down the line between humans and artificial intelligence (AI). The story touches on global corporate power, how technology can make people feel lost, and the crisis of who we really are. It also correctly forecasts key technological trends of the 21st century, such as the Internet, AI, and VR. 21.What makes the spice in Dune valuable? A. It can be planted on Earth. B. It is used to cure diseases. C. It helps slow human aging. D. It was planted by scientists. 22.Why does Hari Seldon set up the foundations in Foundation? A. To develop a new science. B. To keep civilization alive. C. To fight for the Galactic Empire. D. To explore the edge of the galaxy. 23.Which of the following foresees todayˈs rise of digital technology? A. Dune. B. Foundation. C. The Martian. D. Neuromancer. B The "Father of Science Fiction", Jules Verne, lived in the era of steamships and telegraphs, but was able to imagine technologies that wouldnˈt be invented for over a century. Verne isnˈt the only science fiction writer to envision (想象) inventions and cultural changes long before they became a part of everyday life. Aldous Huxley predicted antidepressants in his novel Brave New World, published in 1932. John Brunner predicted electric cars in his book, Stand on Zanzibar, published in 1968. But really, reading up on Verneˈs novels made me wonder how he was able to predict so much and write so technically when he wasnˈt a trained scientist, physicist or engineer. How did he do it? Like a lot of people, Verneˈs parents had their own ideas about his career. They had their hearts set on Verne becoming a lawyer. He knew he wanted to be a writer, but played along and went to school to become a lawyer like his father. Really, Verne was mostly pretending to study law in Paris while holing up in the National Library of France and poring over (钻研) articles on discoveries in geology and science. Eventually, he came clean with his family that he wanted to write in a new genre (类型) that combined travel and science. While he studied scientific journals and let all of the ageˈs cutting-edge discoveries feed the fires of his imagination, Verne surrounded himself with people who could be useful for his writing. His brother was a naval officer, and Verne would often ask him to double-check what he had written about ships and maritime travel. He also asked his cousin, a math professor, to look at his equations (等式) and a mining engineer friend to help him with physics, according to author Walter James Miller, who wrote annotations (评注) to Verneˈs Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. "He predicted a lot of things that have happened, but thatˈs because he was reading a lot and talking with people who knew what was going on in the world around him, so why should we be surprised?" according to Rosalind Williams, a historian at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). "It wasnˈt magic. He was just paying attention to things," she said. 24.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? ( ) A. The achievements of Verneˈs novels. B. Science fiction writersˈ writing process. C. Examples of writers who predicted the future. D. The differences between Verneˈs works and other writersˈ works. 25.What do we know about Verne? ( ) A. He predicted electric cars. B. He lived up to his parentsˈ expectations. C. He preferred studying law rather than geology. D. He spent most of his time reading about scientific discoveries. 26.Why did Verne surround himself with people who could be useful for his writing? ( ) A. He drew inspiration from them. B. He wanted to borrow money from them. C. He planned to create figures based on them. D. He asked them to check the scientific facts in his novels. 27.What did Rosalind Williams say about Verne? ( ) A. He succeeded because he put a lot of effort into his writing. B. He made a big contribution to technological advances. C. He made some mistakes in his novels. D. He predicted the future by chance. C How can humans become immortal(永生的)? You might have only seen the idea of uploading the human brain to a digital cloud in science fiction movies.Elon Musk，has already done so.The secret was revealed when a question posted on social media caught his attention. “If you could upload your brain to the cloud，and talk to a virtual version of yourself，would you be buddies？” Musk replied on July 19，“Already did it.” The reply indicated that Muskˈs brain-computer interface(接口) company，Neuralink，had already realized the technology，according to Xinhua. Neuralink was founded by Musk in 2016.The company focuses on brain-computer interface technology which is used to connect the brain to a digital network.It is developing devices for the treatment of patients with neurological disorders(神经障碍).In other words，the company aims to create links between mind and machine，according to Psychology Today. So how do brain-computer interfaces work? Computers designed to learn the patterns of neural activity are used to extract information from human brains.For example，if a person imagines picking up a book，the computer would then learn to identify how the brain gives that command.Next，the computer would send the signal to the machine，which would then move a robotic arm to reach for the book. Uploading a brain is only part of Muskˈs plan.He revealed to Insider that his goal is to download human consciousness into robots.Just like how our memories are stored in mobile phones through pictures and videos，Musk imagines that our brains—not only how we think，but also our personalities and habits—can be diverted into robots.In this way，even after our bodies decay(腐朽)，our brains are preserved. Some experts believe that this could be achievable one day，but the timeline is unclear.“The most wildly optimistic predictions place mind uploading within a few decades，but I would not be surprised if it took centuries，” wrote Michael S．A.Graziano，a professor at Princeton University，in a Wall Street Journal essay. 28.What does Neuralink focus on? A. Studying how to connect the brain to computers. B. Offering a new means of communication. C. Revealing secrets concerning brains. D. Helping people live forever. 29.What do we know about the brain-computer interface technology? A. It has been widely used in the treatment of patients with neurological disorders. B. It would soon be able to download human consciousness into robots. C. It was inspired by a tough question posted on social media. D. It allows users to move objects with their minds. 30.What does the underlined word “diverted” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Divided. B. Changed. C. Sent. D. Expanded. 31.What is the text mainly about? A. An advanced technology. B. An outstanding inventor. C. A shocking news story. D. A scientific study. D Science fiction is more than just a literary genre (体裁) — it inspires real-world scientists, from astronomers to aerospace engineers. But does science fiction drive science, or does science drive science fiction? According to Julie Nováková, a Czech science fiction writer, science fiction drives science by creating interest in science and encouraging curiosity and the ability to ask questions, while science drives science fiction by providing authors with new discoveries and ideas for their stories. For more than 200 years, science fiction has been a part of global culture. It owes some of its roots to Czech writer Karel Čapek, who first coined the term robot. The word "robot" comes from the Czech word "robota" which meant involuntary labor, something close to slavery (奴隶). While the term first appeared in Čapekˈs 1920 play R. U. R., the concept of robots was already familiar in Czech speculative fiction (推想小说) because the humanlike beings from Jewish legends were remarkably similar to robots in many ways. In R. U. R., Čapekˈs robots end up turning against humanity. But the idea of machines rising up against us was first explored in Mary Shelleyˈs 1818 novel Frankenstein. Often seen as the first sci-fi horror story about technology going wrong, the novel reflected the early 19th century fears of science and of artificial machines and possibly artificial life. As for today? Science fiction is still preoccupied with real-world fears about the potential dangers of AI. "If we feed AI rubbish, it can turn out bad, as we have seen in the examples of countless chatbots," says Nováková. "But there are also caring or helpful robots like Star Warsˈ C-3PO. We should make sure that we are using data we want AI to learn." For Nováková, the power of science fiction lies in storytelling itself. "Publishing might change," she says, "but the thirst for good stories will stay. Itˈs what has been at the core of legends told by the fire and stories whispered before sleep." 32.What is the relationship between science and science fiction according to Nováková? A. They inspire each other. B. They are separate disciplines. C. Science fiction helps explain science. D. Science indirectly limits science fiction. 33.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The origin of the concept of robots. B. The development of Czech literature. C. Karel Čapekˈs contribution to ending slavery. D. Jewish legendsˈ influence on speculative fiction. 34.How does Nováková view AI in science fiction? A. Dangerous and harmful. B. Reliable but uninteresting. C. Uncaring and uncontrollable. D. Risky but potentially helpful. 35.What do Novákováˈs words in the last paragraph suggest about science fiction? A. Publishing trends determine its impact. B. Stories are less significant than scientific ideas. C. Good storytelling is what keeps the genre alive. D. Its popularity will fade as technology advances. 第二节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Writing a science fiction short story can be both exciting and challenging. Though short, it still requires imagination, logic, and careful attention to how the world and story fit together.     (36)  Worldbuilding is just as important for a short story as it is for a novel. In speculative fiction, the world you create must make sense so that readers can stay engaged. Start with the basics — decide on the core concept you want to explore and outline the key rules that shape your world.   (37)  Your characters should be multi-dimensional, with goals and desires that drive their actions. After drafting, revisit the story to add believable details about how your technology works or how your society functions.   (38)  American author Kurt Vonnegut once said, "Give your readers as much information as possible as soon as possible." This holds true no matter the genre you write in. Create an attention-grabber in the first sentence that draws readers in, whether itˈs a touch of the world, an action-packed scene, or a trace of a characterˈs personality.    (39)  By getting to the point fast, you can build interest without overwhelming readers. At the same time, try to avoid too much "technobabble".   (40)  For instance, "The zirconium delta-wave is offline" sounds technical but adds little meaning. Instead, use simple terms that help readers visualize how something works, like "light engines". The goal is to keep the science easy to follow and meaningful to the story. By balancing a believable setting, engaging characters, and clear storytelling, you can create a short story that readers will remember. A．Next, create interesting characters with clear motivations. B．In speculative fiction, both creativity and logic must work together. C．Every great science fiction story begins with strong worldbuilding. D．Another important point is to start your story as quickly as possible. E．Using too many complex and made-up science terms can confuse readers. F．To take your sci-fi story to the next level, it helps to focus on several key points. G．Keep your opening brief, cutting out anything unnecessary to avoid slowing the pace. 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。  AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single field and automatically learns from the data to make specific decisions within that field. It can automatically optimize (优化) human-given goals with     (41)     memory and superhuman accuracy. The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many     (42)     . Itˈs worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the      (43)     that sometimes surround the topic. First, letˈs talk about job displacement. Because AI can     (44)      humans at routine tasks, it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so. But not every job will be replaced by AI.    (45)     , four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a     (46)     to optimize. It cannot      (47)     as scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI     (48)      of single domain and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs wonˈt employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much     (49)     : empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. As well as job displacement, AI has the potential to     (50)     inequality—both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to gain the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to    (51)     job displacement. The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of     (52)     . The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems could be severe. Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation (操纵). Sadly, weˈve already seen     (53)      on this front. A major social media company couldnˈt resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division. All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to     (54)      to develop a new rule book for AI applications. And rather than compare against one another, countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the     (55)      of all. 41.A. deep B. specific C. unlimited D. optimistic 42.A. praises B. possibilities C. decisions D. challenges 43.A. misunderstandings B. underestimates C. consequences D. arguments 44.A. enrich B. outperform C. reject D. enroll 45.A. In fact B. By comparison C. In addition D. As a result 46.A. job B. goal C. risk D. title 47.A. research B. learn C. serve D. invent 48.A. automation B. displacement C. limitation D. complication 49.A. easier B. larger C. smarter D. quicker 50.A. maintain B. remove C. worsen D. conceal 51.A. destabilize B. enhance C. relieve D. preserve 52.A. security B. control C. severity D. advancement 53.A. prejudices B. limitations C. temptations D. failures 54.A. hold on B. work together C. take off D. back up 55.A. competition B. application C. rules D. good 第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Science fiction research is becoming a multidisciplinary(多学科的) field. In recent years, many researchers from disciplines like philosophy, literature, and science culture   (56)  (draw) to science fiction research and produced valuable results. The history of science fiction research in China, closely   (57)  (associate) with the history of the development of Chinese science fiction literature and culture, originated during the late Qing Dynasty when Chinese science fiction and its theory were both   (58)   the earliest stage of development. At that time, authors Liang Qichao and Lu Xun   (59)  (enthusiastic) advocated for science fiction literature and established many   (60)  (influence) theories about the field. In particular, the young Lu Xun's theory of the genre laid the   (61)  (found) for the development of Chinese science fiction   (62)   the exploration of science fiction theory in the following half century. At present, Chinese science fiction theory is becoming more and more fruitful. Science fiction research is often deeply involved in various cultural activities and industrial operations, therefore   (63)  (bond) theory with practice on a diverse basis. Today, Chinese science fiction research and Chinese science fiction itself cannot be ignored by the academic and cultural communities. Perhaps what we need is exactly what generations of science fiction scholars have long been insisting on,   (64)   is about returning to the text and caring about technology, modernity, and wisdom   (65)  (discover) the grand universe and real life. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分 15 分) 66.中国著名科幻小说作家刘慈欣的作品《三体》(The Three-Body Problem)在国际上畅销并引发了国内的科幻热，请你就“科幻小说”这一话题写一篇英语短文给校报投稿，内容包括： (1)说明目前科幻小说的流行； (2)你认为阅读科幻小说的好处是什么。 注意： (1)写作词数应为100左右； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分) 67.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。词数150左右，续写部分分为两段，每段开头已为你写好。 When Cynthia was a young girl, a screening of Star Wars changed her life. The adorable R2-D2 in the movie inspired her dream of creating a robot friend. College was a challenging start. She struggled with difficult engineering courses and failed a robotics exam. Instead of giving up, she spent countless nights in the library, devoted to her studies. Eventually, she graduated with an engineering degree. After graduation, she joined a team under a famous robotics professor to develop a planet-exploring robot. They faced numerous difficulties, especially disagreements within the team on the design. Cynthia firmly insisted on her ideas and finally, they overcame the barriers. However, when the robot was completed, Cynthia realized it lacked the function of companionship she had pictured. Determined to create a truly friendly robot, Cynthia focused on a project for hospitalized children. She visited local hospitals, had in-depth discussions with medical staff and consulted several child psychologists. These experts shared their insights into childrenˈs emotional needs during hospitalization, such as the importance of consistent companionship and the role of positive distractions. Equipped with them, Cynthia began the creation of Huggable, a teddy bear-shaped robot. During its development, Cynthia faced financial shortages. She spent months presenting her project to various investors, suffering countless rejections. But her passion and determination paid off when a local tech-enthusiast learned about her vision and provided the necessary funds. A partnerˈs departure also left her short handed, but she reached out to former classmates and brought in a new, devoted team member. Now, Huggable is in a local childrenˈs hospital, bringing comfort to young patients. However, as Huggableˈs influence grew, so did controversy (争议). Some people worried that relying too much on a robot for comfort might affect childrenˈs normal emotional and social development. They argued that children needed real-human interaction to learn communication skills. Articles and comments against Huggable started appearing on the Internet. Soon, the hospital received calls from concerned parents, demanding an explanation. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1: Facing controversy, Cynthia stood firm, ready to respond positively. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Encouraged by the successful meeting, Cynthia focused on making Huggable even better. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 第1页，共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science fiction单元练习卷 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版 选择性必修第四册答案及解析 （试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟） 第一部分 单词练习（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 单句语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 1. randomly 2. appointment 3. to 4.（ should） raise 5. appointed 6. declaration 7. urgent 8. on 9. to buy 10. being followed 第二节 单词拼写（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 11. division 12. blurred 13. labour 14. suspended 15. dignity 16. dismissed 17. absurd 18. guilty 19. ladders 20. salesman 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. C 第二节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 36. F 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. E 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. C 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. D 第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 56. have been drawn 57.associated 58.at 59.enthusiastically 60.influential 61.foundation 62.and 63.bonding 64.which 65.to discover 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分 15 分) 66. Not only has The Three-Body Problem written by Liu Cixin won worldwide fame,but it has also brought a lasting boom in science fiction.Nowadays,science fiction is enjoying great popularity among teenagers. Reading science fiction brings us numerous benefits.To begin with,it can greatly stimulate our imagination and broaden our horizons.Besides,it exposes us to cutting-edge scientific ideas and sparks our curiosity about the unknown universe.It also offers us a chance to reflect on how technology influences our society and the challenges humanity may face.It is imagination that drives continuous scientific exploration. From my perspective,science fiction connects fantasy with reality.It enlightens us to treat technology wisely.Therefore,it is worthwhile for us to spend time appreciating excellent science fiction works. 第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分) 67. Facing controversy, Cynthia stood firm, ready to respond positively. She organized a public meeting, inviting those child psychologists she consulted , doctors, and some young patients. A psychologist stated, “Huggable is a great emotional release for children in hospital. It helps them deal with fear and loneliness.” Doctors also showed how Huggable could monitor childrenˈs vital signs while entertaining them, which was a huge help during treatment . Some young patients came on stage, sharing how they played and talked with Huggable . Their enthusiasm convinced the audience, gradually changing their negative views. Encouraged by the successful meeting, Cynthia focused on making Huggable even better. She led her team to dive back into research, cooperating with child psychologists again. They added more interactive features, like telling personalized stories based on childrenˈs interests. They also improved Huggableˈs appearance, making it look even more like a real teddy bear. With these improvements happening , Huggable became even more popular in the hospital. It offered children consistent companionship and helped them grow healthily. Seeing Huggableˈs positive impact, Cynthia felt a deep sense of fulfilment. Her childhood dream of creating a robot friend was steadily becoming a reality. 【详细解析】 第一部分 单词练习（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 单句语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 1. 答案：randomly 考点：副词修饰动词 句意：参与者被随机分成四组，置于不同的背景噪音环境中。 解析：空格后是动词divided，修饰动词应当使用副词。random是形容词，意为随机的，其副词形式为randomly。 2. 答案：appointment 考点：名词放在名词所有格后 句意：我致电办公室，想查询我的就诊预约安排在几点。 解析：doctor’s是名词所有格，后面需要接名词。appoint是动词，表示预约、任命，名词形式appointment表示预约。 3. 答案：to 考点：固定短语be superior to 句意：在我们的科学项目里，合作解决问题优于独自完成，因为这样我们可以整合各自独特的优势。 解析：superior本身自带比较含义，不与than连用，固定搭配be superior to，意思是优于、胜过。 4. 答案：(should) raise 考点：urge引导宾语从句的虚拟语气 句意：所有出席会议的人都强烈要求我们提高环保意识。 解析：表示建议、要求、敦促类动词urge后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，结构为(should)+动词原形，should可以省略。 5. 答案：appointed 考点：形容词作定语 句意：首先记住，你最好准时或者比约定时间提前一点到达。 解析：空格修饰名词time，需要形容词。appoint是动词，appointed为形容词，意为约定的。 6. 答案：declaration 考点：名词作主语 句意：汤姆宣布他将休学一年去旅行和做志愿工作，这一宣告遭到了父母复杂的反应。 解析：Tom’s是名词所有格，后面接名词作句子主语。declare是动词，declaration是名词，意为宣告、声明。 7. 答案：urgent 考点：形容词修饰名词 句意：当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，认为应当采取紧急措施来恢复河流原本的美景。 解析：空格修饰名词steps，需要形容词。urge是动词，urgent是形容词，意为紧急的。 8. 答案：on 考点：固定搭配on a regular basis 句意：一个简单的事实是，对于大多数人来说，冲浪的开销太大，无法定期进行。 解析：on a regular basis是固定短语，含义为定期地、经常地。 9. 答案：to buy 考点：不定式作后置定语 句意：这对父母没有钱给孩子买生日礼物。 解析：have no money to do sth是常用结构，不定式to do放在名词后面作后置定语，用来修饰money，表示用来做某事的钱。 10. 答案：being followed 考点：非谓语动词的被动形式 句意：在黑暗中，她感觉有人在跟着她，但是当她回头的时候，身后空无一人。 解析：feel后面接宾语补足语。follow和主语she之间是被动关系，也就是“她被人跟着”；同时强调当时正在发生，所以用being followed，表示正在被跟随。 第二节 单词拼写（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 11. 答案：division 考点：名词 句意：在这件事上他们之间存在明显的分歧。 解析：形容词obvious后接名词，division表示分歧。 12. 答案：blurred 考点：形容词 句意：对我们大多数人而言，记忆是一堆模糊不清、渐渐褪色的生活画面。 解析：and连接并列形容词，和faded并列，blurred表示模糊不清的。 13. 答案：labour 考点：名词 句意：在实践中，我们可以体会劳动的价值，接触各种各样的实用技能。 解析：介词of后面接名词，labour表示劳动。 14. 答案：suspended 考点：被动语态 句意：因为我可笑的失误，会议被迫暂停，同事们都很体谅我。 解析：本句为被动语态be done，suspended表示暂停。 15. 答案：dignity 考点：名词 句意：令我难过的是，他没有尊严地对待我，泪水不受控制地顺着我的脸颊流下。 解析：介词with后面接名词，dignity表示尊严。 16. 答案：dismissed 考点：动词过去式 句意：他们消除了我的恐惧，鼓励我坚持下去。 解析：and连接并列谓语，和encouraged时态保持一致，用一般过去时，dismissed表示消除。 17. 答案：absurd 考点：形容词 句意：他们刻意疏远彼此。这是一个荒谬的局面——两人谁都不愿意先开口说话。 解析：冠词an后面、名词situation前面用形容词，absurd表示荒谬的。 18. 答案：guilty 考点：形容词 句意：我为昨天犯下的愚蠢错误感到内疚，没有语言可以表达我的愧疚。 解析：feel是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，guilty表示内疚的。 19. 答案：ladders 考点：名词复数 句意：我们提着篮子和梯子，先挑选那些色泽最好看的桃子。 解析：and和baskets并列，要用复数形式，ladders表示梯子。 20. 答案：salesman 考点：名词 句意：去年我在一家超市做兼职推销员。 解析：part-time是形容词，后面接名词，salesman表示推销员。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） A 21~23. 语篇解读：这是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了《沙丘》《基地》《火星救援》《神经漫游者》四本经典科幻小说的核心情节、思想内涵及其独特价值。 21. 细节理解题。根据Dune部分中“This planet is the only source of the spice, which is essential for space  travel, extends human life, and can even give people visions of the future.”可知，香料“延长人类寿命”即具有延缓衰老的作用，这构成了其核心价值之一。A项“可在地球种植”、B项“用于治疗疾病”、D项“由科学家种植”均未提及。由此可知，故选C项。 22.  细节理解题。根据Foundation部分中“To preserve knowledge and culture and shorten the dark age,  Seldon gathers the empireˈs best scientists and scholars, and establishes secret foundations...”可知，哈瑞·谢顿建立基地的直接且明确的目的就是为了“保存知识与文化”，即让文明得以延续。A项“发展新科学”是手段而非目的；C项“为银河帝国而战”、D项“探索星系边缘”与原文不符。由此可知，故选B项。 23.  细节理解题。根据Neuromancer部分中“It also correctly forecasts key technological trends of the 21st  century, such as the Internet, AI, and VR.”可知，《神经漫游者》准确预测了互联网、人工智能、虚拟现实等当今数字技术的核心趋势。A项《沙丘》，B项《基地》，C项《火星救援》均未提及对数字技术的预测。故选D。 B 24~27. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了儒勒·凡尔纳是如何成为“科幻小说之父”的。 24.段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Verne isnˈt the only science fiction writer to envision inventions and cultural changes long before they became a part of everyday life.”以及所列举的Aldous Huxley和John Brunner可知，第二段主要列举了几个预测未来的科幻作家。故选C。 25.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Verne was mostly... articles on discoveries in geology and science.”可知，Verne花了很多时间研读科学发现。故选D。 26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Verne would often ask him to double-check what he had written... a mining engineer friend to help him with physics”可知，Verne与有益于自己写作的人待在一起是为了让他们核实自己小说中的科学事实。故选D。 27.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he was reading a lot and talking with people who knew what was going on in the world around him”可知，Rosalind Williams认为Verne的成功归结于他在写作中倾注了巨大的努力。故选A。 C 28~31. [语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，埃隆·马斯克的公司Neuralink已经推出了脑机接口技术。 28.细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，这家公司关注的是将大脑连接到网络上。故选A。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段中的最后两句可推断，这项技术意味着我们可以通过自己的思维来移动物体。故选D。 30.词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Just like how our memories are stored in mobile phones through pictures and videos”可推知，该团队的设计原理与此相似。再根据画线词所在句的意思“马斯克设想我们的大脑——不仅是我们的思维方式，还有我们的性格和习惯——可以被转移到机器人身上”可知，diverted在此意为“转存(移)到……上”。故选C。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段前三句以及最后一段前两句可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的技术。故选 A。 D 32~35. 主题语境：人与社会——文学。本文是论说文。文章探讨了科幻与科幻小说的关系。 32.理解具体信息。根据第一段中的According to Julie Nováková… and ideas for their stories（Julie Nováková认为，科幻小说通过激发人们对科学的兴趣、培养好奇心以及提问的能力来推动科学发展，而科学则通过为作家提供新的发现和故事创意来推动科幻小说的发展）可知，Nováková认为科学与科幻小说是双向促进的关系，故A项正确。原文强调的是科学与科幻小说之间的相互推动关系，并非独立关系，故B项“它们是独立的学科”错误；C项“科幻小说有助于解释科学”在原文中并未提及；D项“科学间接限制科幻小说”与文中提到的“科学为科幻小说提供新发现和创意”的促进作用相悖。 33.理解主旨要义。第二段核心内容围绕robot展开，包括：捷克作家Karel Čapek首次创造“robot”一词、该词的捷克语起源、以及“机器人概念”在捷克推想小说中的前身。这都是在阐述机器人这一概念的来源，故A项正确。 34.理解观点、态度。根据第四段中的“If we feed AI rubbish, it can turn out bad… we want AI to learn.”（Nováková说：“如果给AI输入垃圾信息，它可能会变坏，但也有像《星球大战》中的C-3PO那样关心人或有帮助的机器人。我们要确保使用我们希望AI学习的数据。”）可知，Nováková明确提到AI虽有风险，但同时也可能带来帮助，故D项正确。 35.推断。根据最后一段的内容可知，Nováková认为，虽然出版可能会改变，但人们对好故事的渴望会一直存在，这是围炉讲述的传说和睡前低语的故事的核心，暗指“好的叙事是科幻体裁存续的关键”，故C项正确。A项“出版趋势决定科幻小说的影响力”与原文“出版可能变化，但好故事核心不变”的观点不符；B项“故事不如科学想法重要”与原文“科幻的力量在于叙事本身”相悖；D项“科幻小说的流行度会随着技术进步而消退”与原文“人们对好故事的渴望不变”相矛盾。 第二节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 36~40. 主题语境：人与社会——文学。本文是说明文。文章给出了写好科幻短篇小说的几点建议。 36.设空处承上启下，起过渡作用。上文提到写科幻短篇小说既令人兴奋又具有挑战性，下文开始阐述写科幻短篇小说需要注意的几点内容，由此可推知，设空处需要一个过渡句来引出下文要讲述的写科幻短篇小说的关键要点。F项符合语境。F项中的several key points指代下文中提到的几点注意事项。 37.设空处承接上文，与上文构成顺序递进的关系。根据本段段首句可知，本段主要围绕小说中的世界构建展开，设空处上文指出要先确定核心概念与关键规则，而设空处下文话题转向角色，由此可推知，设空处应当涉及角色塑造，A项符合语境。A项中的Next是明确的表示顺序的语篇标记语，且A项中的create interesting characters with clear motivations与下文中的Your characters should be multi-dimensional, with goals and desires that drive their actions相呼应。 38.设空处位于段首，起引出本段话题的作用。根据设空处下文引用的Kurt Vonnegut的话“尽快给读者提供尽可能多的信息”可知，本段围绕创作故事的节奏展开，D项符合语境。D项中的Another important point承接上一段中的Worldbuilding部分，且D项中的start your story as quickly as possible与本段中的引言及具体建议相呼应。 39.设空处与上文为顺承关系，设空处上文指出创作科幻短篇时开头要抓人眼球，设空处下文强调需要尽快切入主题，避免让读者负担过重，由此可推知，设空处需衔接“开头抓眼球”与“尽快切入主题”，进一步说明“如何做好开头”，G项符合语境。G项中的avoid slowing the pace与后一句中的getting to the point fast相呼应。 40.设空处承接上文，与上文为解释关系，与下文为例证关系。设空处上文指出要避免过多的“技术行话”，设空处下文举例子说明使用复杂编造术语与简单术语产生的不同效果，由此可推知，设空处需要进一步解释使用“技术行话”的弊端，E项符合语境。E项中的complex and made-up science terms与上文中的“technobabble”和下文中的“The zirconium delta-wave is offline”相呼应。E项与上下文构成了“要求—原因—例证”的关系。 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 41~55. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些常见的关于人工智能的误解和使用人工智能的一些风险。 41.考查形容词词义辨析。上文“It can automatically optimize human-given goals”中It指代上文的人工智能，所以是拥有无限的记忆。故选C。 42.考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings”可知，人工智能的兴起也带来了许多挑战。故选D。 43.考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Itˈs worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution”和下文“that sometimes surround the topic”可知，这里指的是对AI的误解，与上文的genuine risks并列。故选A。 44.考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so”可知，此处描述AI的能力超越人类。故选B。 45.考查短语词义辨析。根据上文“But not every job will be replaced by AI.”和下文“four types of jobs are not at risk at all”可知，此处要举例说明实际上有些工作不受AI影响。故选A。 46.考查名词词义辨析。呼应上文“It can automatically optimize human-given goals”，人工智能需要被赋予一个优化的目标。故选B。 47.考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“as scientists, novelists and artists can”可知，人工智能不能像科学家、小说家和艺术家那样发明创造。故选D。 48.考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI”指这类工作的复杂性要超过人工智能的限制，就不会被取代。故选C。 49.考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“… empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.”可知，此处描述这类工作数量众多。故选B。 50.考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“inequality—both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries”可知，此处描述AI可能加剧社会不平等。故选C。 51.考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to gain the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to”可知，此处描述这些国家在应对就业替代方面的能力较弱。故选C。 52.考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems could be severe.”可知，这项技术在安全方面也带来了严峻的挑战。故选A。 53.考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“… at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.”可知，这方面已经有失败的例子了。故选D。 54.考查短语词义辨析。呼应下文“And rather than compare against one another, countries must share best practices and work together”。故选B。 55.考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“And rather than compare against one another, countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the”可知，各国不应相互比较，而应分享最佳做法，共同努力确保这项技术被用于造福所有人，短语for the good of表示“为了某人或某事的利益”。故选D。 第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 56-65【语篇解读】  本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科幻小说研究正成为一个多学科领域，并回顾了中国科幻小说研究的历史，同时展望了其未来的发展。 56.考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据时间状语In recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语many researchers与draw之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been drawn。 57.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词originated，且无其他连词，所以此处应用associate的非谓语形式，主语“The history of science fiction research in China”与associate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作状语。故填associated。 58.考查介词。at the earliest stage of为固定短语，意为“在……的最早阶段”。故填at。 59.考查副词。修饰动词advocated，应用enthusiastic的副词形式，作状语。故填enthusiastically。 60.考查形容词。根据空格后的名词theories可知，此处应用influence的形容词形式influential“有影响力的”作定语。故填influential。 61.考查名词。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处应用found的名词形式foundation“基础”作宾语，且foundation为不可数名词。故填foundation。 62.考查连词。根据句意可知，“the development of Chinese science fiction”和“the exploration of science fiction theory”之间为并列关系，所以用连词and连接。故填and。 63.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语“is often deeply involved”，且句中无其他连词，所以bond应用非谓语形式，bond与Science fiction research为逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用其现在分词形式作状语。故填bonding。 64.考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“what generations of science fiction scholars have long been insisting on”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 65.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表目的，所以应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to discover。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分 15 分) 66.【思路点拨】 第一段：借助《三体》的国际成功，点明科幻小说当下流行的现状； 第二段：重点阐述阅读科幻小说的益处，激发想象力、接触前沿科学、引发对科技与人类未来的深度思考； 第三段：总结，倡议大家品读科幻作品。 【亮点词汇】 boom n.蓬勃发展 stimulate v.激发 broaden one’s horizons拓宽视野 spark one’s curiosity激发好奇心 reflect on思考 enlighten v.启发 【高分句型】 1.Not only has The Three-Body Problem gained global popularity,but it has also fueled a nationwide passion for science fiction. 2.It is imagination that enables us to look beyond the present and explore countless possibilities ahead. 3.While enjoying fascinating plots,we are encouraged to reflect on the relationship between mankind and advanced technology. 【拓展词汇】 fascinating adj.引人入胜的 prospect n.前景 cutting-edge science前沿科学 provoking adj.引人深思的 exploration n.探索 【拓展句型】 1.What makes science fiction appealing lies in its perfect combination of scientific theories and creative plots. 2.Reading science fiction serves as a window through which we can catch a glimpse of the unknown future. 【范文】 Not only has The Three-Body Problem written by Liu Cixin won worldwide fame,but it has also brought a lasting boom in science fiction.Nowadays,science fiction is enjoying great popularity among teenagers. Reading science fiction brings us numerous benefits.To begin with,it can greatly stimulate our imagination and broaden our horizons.Besides,it exposes us to cutting-edge scientific ideas and sparks our curiosity about the unknown universe.It also offers us a chance to reflect on how technology influences our society and the challenges humanity may face.It is imagination that drives continuous scientific exploration. From my perspective,science fiction connects fantasy with reality.It enlightens us to treat technology wisely.Therefore,it is worthwhile for us to spend time appreciating excellent science fiction works. 第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分) 67. 【思路点拨】文章以人物为线索，主要讲述了Cynthia如何克服困难，实现梦想，创造出 Huggable机器人，并积极回应争议，最终使Huggable成为儿童情感和社交发展的工具。 【详解】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“面对争议，Cynthia立场坚定，准备积极回应。”可知，本段可描述 Cynthia如何面对公众对 Huggable的争议，并通过组织公开会议和多方合作，成功地改变了人们对机器人可能影响儿童情感和社会发展的负面看法。 ②由第二段首句内容“在这场成功的会议的鼓舞下，Cynthia专注于把 Huggable做得更好。”可知，本段可描写 Cynthia在会议成功后，进一步改进 Huggable，增加互动功能，促进儿童情感和社交发展。 2. 续写线索：组织会议一解释设计初衷并展示数据—专家支持—父母理解—会议成功—改进Huggable—增加互动功能—促进情感和社交发展—团队受鼓舞—Huggable影响增强。 3.范文 Facing controversy, Cynthia stood firm, ready to respond positively. She organized a public meeting, inviting those child psychologists she consulted , doctors, and some young patients. A psychologist stated, “Huggable is a great emotional release for children in hospital. It helps them deal with fear and loneliness.” Doctors also showed how Huggable could monitor childrenˈs vital signs while entertaining them, which was a huge help during treatment . Some young patients came on stage, sharing how they played and talked with Huggable . Their enthusiasm convinced the audience, gradually changing their negative views. Encouraged by the successful meeting, Cynthia focused on making Huggable even better. She led her team to dive back into research, cooperating with child psychologists again. They added more interactive features, like telling personalized stories based on childrenˈs interests. They also improved Huggableˈs appearance, making it look even more like a real teddy bear. With these improvements happening , Huggable became even more popular in the hospital. It offered children consistent companionship and helped them grow healthily. Seeing Huggableˈs positive impact, Cynthia felt a deep sense of fulfilment. Her childhood dream of creating a robot friend was steadily becoming a reality. 第1页，共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $