Unit 3 Section B 1a-1e-【高效课堂】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语同步导学案（人教版·新教材 河南专版）

Section B How do we understand differences? 第四课时 1a-1e 基础闯关 课后巩固·A级 Ⅰ. 根据句意和汉语提示，完成单词。 【1题答案】 【答案】direct 【解析】 【详解】句意：当她听到这个问题，凯茜很快给出了一个直接的答案。direct“直接的”，形容词作定语修饰名词answer。 【2题答案】 【答案】mirror 【解析】 【详解】句意：她出门前照了照镜子。根据汉语提示可知，“镜子”对应的英文单词是“mirror”，可数名词。此处指照一面镜子，应用单数形式mirror。 【3题答案】 【答案】novel 【解析】 【详解】句意：暑假期间，我想要写一本关于医院的小说。novel为“小说”，位于不定冠词a之后用单数名词形式。 【4题答案】 【答案】honest 【解析】 【详解】句意：对朋友和家人诚实是很重要的。句中使用了固定句型It’s important to be +形容词+ with sb.，意为“对某人……是很重要的”；空处需要填入形容词，“诚实的”对应的英文单词为honest。 【5题答案】 【答案】opinion 【解析】 【详解】句意：我不是在征求你的意见，而是在告诉你怎么做。根据汉语提示可知，“意见”对应的英语单词是opinion，此处表示“你的意见”，用单数形式即可。 Ⅱ. 根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。 【6题答案】 【答案】difference 【解析】 【详解】句意：这两部手机唯一的不同之处就是它们的颜色。句中“The only”后接名词，different是形容词，意为“不同的”，其名词形式为difference；The only后常接可数名词单数。 【7题答案】 【答案】interests 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们有相似的兴趣爱好，比如阅读和打篮球。similar后接名词，interest作“兴趣爱好”讲时为可数名词；此处应用复数形式表示泛指，interest的复数直接在词尾加-s。 【8题答案】 【答案】alike 【解析】 【详解】句意：他们看起来如此相像，所有人都以为他们是双胞胎。句中感官动词look后需接形容词作表语，so修饰形容词；此处需表达“长得像的”，应使用like的形容词形式alike，意为“相像的、相似的”，常作表语。 【9题答案】 【答案】friendship 【解析】 【详解】句意：你的友谊对我来说非常重要。相信我，这是真的。句中be动词为is，提示此处主语为单数名词，表示“友谊”的单词为friendship，直接填写单词原形即可。 【10题答案】 【答案】similarities 【解析】 【详解】句意：在这两幅画之间，有一些相似之处。similar为形容词“相似的”，此处表达“相似之处”，需改为其名词形式similarity，放于some之后用复数名词形式similarities。 Ⅲ. 根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 【11题答案】 【答案】 ①. Thanks ②. to 【解析】 【详解】原句中“多亏了”是关键词，表示“多亏”的短语是thanks to，放于句首则其首字母要大写Thanks。 【12题答案】 【答案】 ①. made ②. a ③. mistake 【解析】 【详解】原句中“犯了一个错误”是关键词，表示“犯错误”的固定短语是make a mistake，根据并列句中“had to”可知句子时态为一般过去时，make需变为过去式made，made a mistake在句中作谓语。 【13题答案】 【答案】 ①. sense ②. of ③. humor 【解析】 【详解】原句中“幽默感”是关键词，表示“幽默感”的固定短语是sense of humor。 【14题答案】 【答案】 ①. less ②. interesting 【解析】 【详解】原句中“没有英语那样有趣”是关键词，“有趣的”是interesting，要表达“不如……有趣”，需用副词less修饰多音节形容词原级，构成less interesting than。 【15题答案】 【答案】 ①. more ②. straightforward 【解析】 【详解】原句中“直接明了”是关键词，表示“直接明了的”是straightforward，“更直接明了的”是more straightforward。本句为make+宾语+形容词比较级结构，直接填写比较级形式即可。 能力提升 课后巩固·B级 Ⅳ. 阅读理解。 【16~20题答案】 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了三种不同类型的朋友并分析了它们的特点和差异，最后强调所有友谊都值得珍惜。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。第三段指出第二类朋友（guest friends）比熟人亲近，有共同相处的事情，但不会分享内心感受、深层想法。题干中你和David是邻居同学、一起做事，却不分享心情，完全符合guest friends的定义。 【17题详解】 词句猜测题。第三段介绍了guest friends，本句“you don’t open up to them how you really feel either.”中them指代本段描述的第二类朋友，即Guest friends。 【18题详解】 主旨大意题。第四段详细介绍了最好的朋友的亲密程度、相处模式、彼此相知、分享内心、互相指正、真心相待等特征，整段核心是解释什么是best friend。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。第四段最后一句明确提及“And they never do anything to hurt you.”，即真心好友从不会做伤害你的事；其余选项均与原文内容矛盾。 【20题详解】 篇章结构题。文章第一段总起，引出一共有三类朋友；中间第二、三、四段分段依次详细介绍pest friends、guest friends、best friends；最后一段总结全文，点明要珍惜所有友谊，属于总—分—总结构。 Ⅴ. 【21~25题答案】 【答案】21. D 22. E 23. B 24. C 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍什么是真正的友谊，阐述朋友之间的异同、相处方式以及对友谊的正确理解。 【21题详解】 空前句子“Today, with the new technology and new thinking, people are beginning to forget what true friendship is.”讲述在新技术与新观念下，人们渐渐忘记真正的友谊是什么。D选项“So, I would like to explain what true friends are.”，引出下文对真朋友的讲解，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。 【22题详解】 空前句子“Friends have similarities but they also have their differences.”说明朋友之间既有相同点，也有不同之处。E选项“Being friends does not mean that you have to be the same.”，承接上文，表达成为朋友不代表必须一模一样，和前句的异同点话题呼应。 【23题详解】 空后句子“If you feel annoyed (烦恼的) around the person, then something isn’t quite right.”说明如果和这个人相处时总感到烦恼，那这段关系就有问题。B选项“Friends are always feeling happy together.”，表明朋友在一起总是感到开心，和后面反面的情况形成对比，符合逻辑。 【24题详解】 空后句子“When friends fight with each other, all they need is to forgive (原谅) and forget.”提到朋友发生争执时，需要原谅并放下矛盾。C选项“Friends love you no matter what happens.”，说明无论发生什么，朋友都会爱你，引出后文吵架之后依然可以互相原谅的内容。 【25题详解】 空前句子“Some people think that you have to know someone really well before becoming good friends.”介绍一部分人的观点，认为要非常了解一个人，才能成为好朋友。A选项“No, that’s not true.”，否定前面这个看法，引出后文对错误友谊认知的解释。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section B How do we understand differences? 第四课时 1a-1e 基础闯关 课后巩固·A级 Ⅰ. 根据句意和汉语提示，完成单词。 1. When she heard the question, Cathy gave a ________ (直接的) answer quickly. 2. She looked into the ________ (镜子) before leaving the house. 3. On summer vacation, I want to write a ________ (小说) about a hospital. 4. It’s important to be ________ (诚实的) with your friends and family members. 5. I’m not asking for your ________ (意见). I’m telling you how to do it. Ⅱ. 根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。 6. The only ________ (different) between the two phones is their colour. 7. We have similar ________ (interest), like reading and playing basketball. 8. They look so ________ (like). Everyone thinks they are twins. 9. Your ________ (friend) is very important to me. Believe me; it’s true. 10. There are some ________ (similar) between these two paintings. Ⅲ. 根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 11. 多亏了她的帮助，我按时完成了作业。 ________ ________ her help, I finished my homework on time. 12. 我在数学考试中犯了一个错误，不得不改正。 I ________ ________ ________ in my math exam and had to correct it. 13. 我哥哥很有幽默感，大家都喜欢他。 My brother has a great ________ ________ ________ and everyone likes him. 14. 我认为数学没有英语那样有趣。 I think math is ________ ________ than English. 15. 你如何使这段文字更为直接明了？ How can you make this passage ________ ________? 能力提升 课后巩固·B级 Ⅳ. 阅读理解。 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends：pest friends, guest friends and best friends. The first kind of friend is simply an acquaintance (熟人). All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you usually don’t tell them. That is why they are called pest friends. The second kind of friend can also be called social partners. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You usually have a few things in common. However, you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears, and you don’t open up to them about how you really feel either. The last kind of friend, best friends, is the one you know most deeply. You’re like family and you know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect, but they care about you. And they never do anything to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships because all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 16. If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, what kind of friend are you? A. Pest friends. B. Guest friends. C. Best friends. D. Not friends. 17. What does “them” stand for in Paragraph 3? A. Acquaintances. B. True friends. C. Guest friends. D. Your fears. 18. What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us? A. What a “best friend” is. B. How to learn from best friends. C. How to make a best friend. D. What a best friend can do for you. 19. From the passage, what can we learn? A. A best friend never does anything bad to you. B. Pest friends are more important than guest friends. C. A pest friend will never become your best friend. D. We never miss our best friends when we’re not with them. 20. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. Ⅴ. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 Today, with the new technology and new thinking, people are beginning to forget what true friendship is. ____21____ Friends have similarities but they also have their differences. ____22____ To make the friendship last forever, you need to accept each other’s faults. Although friends have angry moments, they will still love each other. ____23____ If you feel annoyed (烦恼的) around the person, then something isn’t quite right. ____24____ When friends fight with each other, all they need is to forgive (原谅) and forget. Some people think that you have to know someone really well before becoming good friends. ____25____ You may have something that you think no one else in the world could understand. At this time, if you meet someone and spend many hours together talking about it, this is not a real friendship. A. No, that’s not true. B. Friends are always feeling happy together. C. Friends love you no matter what happens. D. So, I would like to explain what true friends are. E. Being friends does not mean that you have to be the same. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $