Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Reading and Thinking 课本知识梳理与重难点精讲 2026-2027学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册　Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land

Reading and Thinking　课本知识梳理与重难点精讲

适用：高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册　｜　范围：Reading and Thinking 与 Using Language 两个语篇　｜　内容：8 个长难句 · 7 组核心词汇 · 40 道检测　｜　建议用时：45 分钟

怎么用：先看"课文脉络"表，把行程和句子号对上；再逐句拆 8 个长难句，重点看"难点"那一行；词汇按"教材例句—搭配—辨析"三层记，别只背汉语；最后 40 道检测一次做完，错哪道就回看对应那句。

一、课文脉络

篇目	课文写了什么	对应句子
温哥华 → 露易丝湖	一早坐火车东行，穿过落基山；到湖边，蓝水美得让人屏息	1、2
露易丝湖 → 贾斯珀	住一晚，改乘北上的长途汽车，穿过落基山	3
埃德蒙顿	冬天冷得刺骨，日平均气温零下十度	4
一路向东	没想到会看到这样空旷的原野，着实吃了一惊	5
听说板块	同伴 Anna 以为中国到处是人，李黛予举出中国的大片空地来纠正（出自 Using Language 听说对话，非加拿大课文）	6
多伦多 → 蒙特利尔	多伦多最大最富，只留几小时，接着赶下一程	7、8

二、长难句精讲

1. The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies.（Reading and Thinking）

难点：两个动作排队，但 passing 前面既没有 and，也没有主语——它不是第三个谓语。

拆解：The next morning ／ the two girls ／ arose early ／ to take the train to Lake Louise ／ passing through the Canadian Rockies

语法：主干是 the two girls arose early。to take... 是不定式作目的状语；passing through... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语是 the two girls——分词本身没有主语，只能借主句的。arise 不及物，arose early 是“早早起身”；它更常见的义项是“出现、发生”，主语多为问题、情况。

词块：arise early 早起；take the train to 坐火车去；pass through 穿过、经过；the Canadian Rockies 加拿大落基山脉

仿写：The next morning we set out at six to catch the first bus to the county town, passing through three villages still half asleep.（第二天我们六点动身，赶头班车去县城，一路穿过三个还没醒的村子。）

 

2. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.（Reading and Thinking）

难点：where 前面有逗号，指的不是“哪里”，而是前面那个地名；literally 也不是“字面上”。

拆解：When the train arrived at the station ／ they took a taxi to Lake Louise ／ where the blue water literally took their breath away ／ with its exceptional beauty

语法：where 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Lake Louise，where 在从句中作地点状语（＝at Lake Louise）。非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导，也不能换成 which——which 在从句里没有位置。literally 在这里是“真的、确实”，不是“字面上地”。with its exceptional beauty 说明“为什么”屏息。

词块：take a taxi to 打车去；take one's breath away 让人屏息、美得说不出话；with its exceptional beauty 因其异常之美

仿写：We went up to the roof at dusk, where the river suddenly opened below us and the lights on both banks took our breath away.（傍晚我们爬上楼顶，江水忽然在脚下铺开，两岸的灯让人一时说不出话。）

 

3. They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.（Reading and Thinking）

难点：bound 后面直接跟 north，中间没有介词——这里最容易写成 bound to the north。

拆解：They spent the night ／ and then took a coach ／ bound north ／ through the Canadian Rockies ／ to Jasper

语法：and 连接两个并列谓语 spent 和 took。bound north 是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰 coach；north 是副词，直接说方向，所以是 bound north。bound 表“前往”时只作表语或后置定语，不作前置定语——不说 a bound coach，要说 a coach bound for Jasper。

词块：spend the night 过夜；take a coach 坐长途汽车；be bound for + 地点 开往某地；be bound to do 一定会做

仿写：We spent the night in a small hotel, and then took a bus bound west along the river to the last county on the map.（我们在一家小旅馆过夜，然后坐上沿江向西的长途车，去地图上最后一个县。）

 

4. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.（Reading and Thinking）

难点：averaging 前面没有谓语动词，后面却带着 -10℃ 这个宾语——它在 with 结构里当谓语用。

拆解：Edmonton ／ is freezing cold ／ in winter ／ with daily temperatures ／ averaging -10℃

语法：with + 宾语 + 补足语，作伴随状语。补足语用 doing 还是 done，看宾语和动词的关系：temperatures 与 average 是主动关系（温度“平均为”多少），用 averaging；宾语与动词是被动关系时用 done，如 with the door locked。average 在这里是动词，“平均为”。

词块：freezing cold 冷得刺骨；in winter 在冬天；daily temperatures 日气温；average -10℃ 平均零下十度

仿写：The old kitchen is boiling hot in summer, with the fan overhead turning all day and doing nothing.（那间旧厨房夏天热得像蒸笼，头顶的风扇整天转着，一点用没有。）

 

5. However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed.（Reading and Thinking）

难点：open 在这里不是“开着的”；anticipate 后面也不能接 to do。

拆解：However ／ they did not anticipate seeing such an open country ／ and ／ were truly amazed

语法：一个主语带两个并列谓语 did not anticipate seeing 和 were amazed，第二个谓语前省略了 they。anticipate 后接动名词，不接不定式；也可说 anticipate sb doing sth、anticipate that...。open country 指“空旷的原野、开阔的乡野”，open 取“空旷、无遮挡”之义。

词块：anticipate doing sth 预料到做某事；open country 空旷的原野；be amazed at／by 对……感到惊讶

仿写：We did not anticipate finding such an open stretch of grass behind the school, and were honestly amazed.（我们没想到学校后面有这么一大片开阔的草地，真有点吃惊。）

 

6. Well, contrary to what many people believe, there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China, actually.（Using Language 听说板块）

难点：to 后面跟的是 what 从句，不是 that 从句；这句是李黛予在纠正同伴——对方以为中国到处是人，她举出中国的大片空地来反驳，说的确实是中国，与加拿大无关。

拆解：Well ／ contrary to what many people believe ／ there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China ／ actually

语法：contrary to 是短语介词，to 后面接名词、代词或 what 从句，不能接 that 从句——介词后面不接 that 从句。what many people believe 作 to 的宾语，what 在从句中作 believe 的宾语。主句是 there be 句型，真正的主语是 a lot of vast and empty spaces。

词块：contrary to 与……相反；what many people believe 很多人的看法；vast and empty spaces 大片空旷之地

仿写：Contrary to what the map suggests, the two villages are a good hour apart on foot.（跟地图给人的印象相反，这两个村子走起来足足要一个小时。）

7. After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, the largest and wealthiest city in Canada, they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal.（Using Language）

难点：句子里夹着两个逗号，中间那截不是从句，是给 Toronto 换一个说法。

拆解：After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto ／ the largest and wealthiest city in Canada ／ they only had a few hours to kill ／ before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal

语法：the largest and wealthiest city in Canada 是 Toronto 的同位语，没有谓语，所以不是定语从句——两个 the 其实共用一个。a few hours to kill 里 to kill 是不定式作定语，修饰 hours。proceed to + 地点＝继续前往；proceed to do sth＝接着做另一件事；proceed with sth＝接着进行某事。

词块：arrive in + 大城市 到达；a few hours to kill 要打发的几个小时；the next leg of the trip 行程的下一段

仿写：After we reached the county town, the busiest place I had seen all week, we had two hours to kill before the next leg of the journey.（到了县城——一周来我见过最热闹的地方——离下一程还有两个小时要打发。）

 

8. It was not until 9:30 that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.（Reading and Thinking）

难点：把 it was 和 that 拿掉，句子还站得住，这才是强调句；而 that 后面并不倒装。

拆解：It was ／ not until 9:30 ／ that ／ they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto

语法：强调句型 It was ... that ...，被强调的是时间状语 not until 9:30。还原后是 They did not reach the capital of Ontario, Toronto until 9:30。判断办法：去掉 It was 和 that，剩下的词能组成完整的句子，就是强调句。若把 not until 提到句首，则要倒装——Not until 9:30 did they finally reach...。句末 Toronto 又是 the capital of Ontario 的同位语，与第7句的写法一致。

词块：not until 直到……才；the capital of Ontario 安大略省省会；finally reach 终于到达

仿写：It was not until the lights went out that we realized the whole building had been empty.（直到灯灭了，我们才意识到整栋楼早就空了。）

三、核心词汇

1．average　v. 平均为；adj. 平均的、普通的；n. 平均数

教材：...with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.

拓展：Rainfall here averages 1,200 mm a year, but last year it was far below average.（这里年降雨量平均 1200 毫米，去年却远低于平均。）

搭配：average ten hours a day 平均每天十小时；on average 平均而言；above／below average 高于／低于平均水平

派生：average 兼作形容词与名词（an average student 中等学生；the average of the three scores 三个分数的平均值）

辨析：作动词时 average 是及物动词，后面直接跟数字，不加介词；说“平均十小时”是 an average of ten hours，of 不能丢。

 

2．freezing　adj. 极冷的、冰冻的

教材：Edmonton is freezing cold in winter...

拓展：The water in the pool was freezing, and nobody stayed in longer than five minutes.（泳池的水冰冷，没人待超过五分钟。）

搭配：freezing cold 冷得刺骨；freezing point 冰点；I'm freezing 我冻坏了（口语）

派生：freeze v. 结冰、冻住（froze, frozen）；frozen adj. 冻住的、冷冻的

辨析：freezing 修饰 cold 时表示“程度”（冷到结冰），不是“结冰的”；同类还有 boiling hot、soaking wet、pitch dark。

 

3．amaze　v. 使惊讶

教材：...and were truly amazed.

拓展：She was amazed at how quickly the children picked up the local accent.（孩子们那么快学会当地口音，她很吃惊。）

搭配：be amazed at／by sth 对……感到惊讶；be amazed to do sth 做某事时很惊讶；be amazed that...

派生：amazing adj. 令人惊讶的；amazed adj. 感到惊讶的；amazement n. 惊讶（to one's amazement）