学考专题05 非谓语动词：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，广东专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题05 非谓语动词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 动词不定式 考点二 动名词与现在分词 考点三 过去分词 考点四 非谓语三步判断法 研|核心专题精讲 考点一：动词不定式 考点二：动名词与现在分词 考点三：过去分词 考点四：非谓语三步判断法 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》将"非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）"列为必修阶段语法学习的基础内容，要求学生"在语境中理解和运用非谓语动词的表达功能"，即不仅会辨认形式，更要在读写中读懂"谁做、何时做、主动还是被动"。 广东学考（合格性考试）对非谓语动词的考查不出"纯语法选择题"，而是把它放进语篇：语法填空每年稳定设空 1～2 空，完形填空与阅读理解的正确选项也经常以非谓语形式出现。因此本专题按"形式—功能—判断法"三条线索组织，最终落到一套可操作的三步判断法上。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标语法项目 具体内容要求 广东学考考查方式 动词不定式（to do） 理解不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法；掌握常用动词后接不定式的固定搭配 语法填空有提示词空：2023年第36空、2024年第38空、2022年第45空、2019年第36空 动名词与现在分词（doing） 理解动名词作主语、宾语的用法；理解现在分词作定语、状语、补语的用法；掌握介词后接动名词的规则 语法填空有提示词空：2026年第37、41空、2024年第41空、2021年第41空、2020年第39空、2019年第39空 过去分词（done） 理解过去分词表"被动、完成"的核心意义；掌握过去分词作定语、表语的常见搭配 近7年语法填空未单独设空，但在完形、阅读语篇中高频出现，是读懂长难句的关键 非谓语动词的判断 能根据句子结构判断谓语与非谓语，根据逻辑主语判断主动与被动，根据时间关系判断先后 语法填空解题主线：每年必考，7套真题卷全部出现 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第38空 manage to get——manage 后接不定式作宾语 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 taking——现在分词作伴随状语 2025年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第36、39空 becoming，working——现在分词作伴随状语 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第37空 watching——enjoy doing 固定搭配 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 using——现在分词作方式状语 2023年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第36空 to do——不定式作后置定语（参照） 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第45空 to recover——it takes sb. time to do（参照） 2021年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 saying——介词 instead of 后接动名词（参照） 2019年1月 广东学考A卷 Ⅳ 语法填空 第36、39空 to work（want to do）、selling（by + doing）（参照） 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：非谓语是语法填空的"必客"。7 套真题语法填空没有一套缺席非谓语动词，年均 1～2 空、每空 2 分。判断依据永远是三件事：句中有没有谓语、逻辑主语是谁、主动还是被动——这正是本专题考点四要训练的能力。 规律二：固定搭配是主要载体。11 个真题空中有 8 个落在固定搭配上：want to do、manage to do、enjoy doing、stop doing、be likely to do、it takes sb. time to do、by doing、instead of doing。把"搭配—形式"配成组块记忆，比临场分析更快更稳。 规律三：非谓语全部是有提示词的题。70 个语法填空空中，有提示词的共 47 空（67%）。也就是说，非谓语空不用猜词，只需判断"用哪种形式"——这是全卷最"讲道理"的 2～4 分，务必拿满。 规律四：过去分词考"读懂"不考"填空"。近 7 年语法填空未单独设空考查过去分词，但过去分词（made from、encouraged、stolen 等）在阅读、完形语篇中大量出现，读不懂它就读不懂长难句。复习重心放在"识别＋翻译"。 考点一 动词不定式 一、核心概念 不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，在句中兼有名词、形容词和副词的特性，可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。不定式没有人称和数的变化，它表示的动作通常发生在谓语动作之后，或与谓语同时存在。 判断口诀：不定式多表"将来、目的"。看到"打算、计划、想要、有机会、有勇气"做某事，后面基本都接 to do。 二、句法功能总览 句法功能 用法说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 作宾语 want, decide, hope, manage, plan, agree, offer, refuse, learn, begin 等动词后接不定式作宾语 Recently he managed to get a better job at another university.（2024年真题）最近他在另一所大学谋到了一份更好的工作。 作宾语补足语 want / ask / tell / invite / encourage sb. to do sth.；help sb. (to) do sth.（to 可省略） One group was encouraged to doodle.（2024年真题语篇）一组人被鼓励去涂鸦。 作定语 不定式作后置定语，修饰 chance, courage, thing, way 等名词 it's important to know the right and wrong things to do（2023年真题）知道该做和不该做的事很重要 作状语 表目的（read widely to open our eyes）或跟在 likely 等形容词后 young adults ... were more likely to succeed（2020年真题）更可能成功 作主语 多用 it 作形式主语，把不定式放到后面：It takes sb. time to do sth. It took me the next eight days in hospital to recover.（2022年真题）我住了八天院才康复。 三、常接不定式的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义与用法 真题出处 want to do sth. 想要做某事 didn't want to work at all（2019年第36空） manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 managed to get a better job（2024年第38空） It takes sb. time to do sth. 某人花时间做某事 It took me eight days to recover（2022年第45空） be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 were more likely to succeed（2020年第41空） used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） People used to think...（2024年真题语篇） a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 the right and wrong things to do（2023年第36空） 四、省 to 的不定式 类型 规则 例句 help 后 help sb. (to) do，to 可省略 It helps companies (to) improve management effectiveness.（2024年真题语篇）它帮助企业提高管理效率。 使役动词后 make / let / have + sb. + do（省 to）；被动语态中 to 要还原 He made me do it. → I was made to do it. 感官动词后 see / hear / watch / notice + sb. + do（省 to） I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。 并列省略 几个不定式并列时，后面的 to 通常省略 She likes to sing and dance. 她喜欢唱歌跳舞。 考点二 动名词与现在分词 一、核心概念 -ing 形式有两种身份：动名词相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，表示抽象的、一般性的行为；现在分词相当于形容词和副词，作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，表示进行的、主动的动作。 判断口诀：介词后面用 doing（by selling、instead of saying）；只接 doing 的动词要背清单；作状语看逻辑主语——分词动作是句子主语发出的，就用 doing。 二、动名词的句法功能 句法功能 用法说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 作主语 动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数 Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it.（2024年真题语篇）走开去画一画，可能反而帮你解决问题。 作宾语 enjoy, stop, mind, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, keep, miss 后只接 doing you can enjoy watching different forms of Chinese opera（2026年第37空）你可以欣赏各种形式的中国戏曲 作介词宾语 介词后面一律接 doing earn money by selling them（2019年第39空）靠卖它们赚钱；Instead of saying something bad（2021年第41空）不说坏话 作表语 说明主语的内容 That is doing household chores.（2020年真题语篇）那就是做家务。 作定语 单个 -ing 词放名词前，表用途或状态 a talking frog（2023年真题完形）一只会说话的青蛙 三、现在分词作状语与定语 用法 说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 现在分词作状语 分词的逻辑主语＝句子主语，主动关系用 doing Three workers came, taking the things out of the house.（2024年第41空）三个工人来了，把东西搬出房子。 方式状语 常置于谓语之后，补充说明方式 you can 'visit' past places using AI（2026年第41空）你可以借助AI'参观'过去的地方 完成式 having done 分词动作发生在谓语动作之前 The frog, having made fun of Johnny, laughed loudly.（2023年真题完形）青蛙捉弄了Johnny之后，大笑着跑了。 现在分词作定语 单个分词前置，短语后置，表主动、进行 young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4（2020年真题语篇）三四岁就开始做家务的年轻人 考点三 过去分词 一、核心概念 过去分词（done）的核心意义是"被动＋完成"：及物动词的过去分词表被动，不及物动词的过去分词表完成。它像形容词和副词一样，在句中作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。 近7年广东语法填空未单独设空考查过去分词，但它是阅读、完形长难句的常客，也是 -ing / -ed 情感形容词之辨的基础，必须做到"一眼认出、准确翻译"。 二、过去分词的句法功能 句法功能 用法说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 作后置定语 过去分词短语放在名词后，表被动 the creamy and smooth ice creams made from cow's milk（2024年真题语篇）用牛奶做的柔滑冰淇淋 作前置定语 单个过去分词放名词前，表被动或状态 Uncontrolled anger can lead to fights.（2023年真题语篇）不受控制的愤怒会导致打架。 作表语 be + 过去分词构成的形容词短语 We were greatly surprised.（2021年真题语篇）我们非常吃惊。 固定搭配 be lost in（陷入）、be interested in（对……感兴趣）、be made from（由……制成） While he was lost in thought...（2019年真题语篇）当他陷入沉思时…… with 复合结构 with + 宾语 + done（被动）/ doing（主动） with his eyes fixed on the book 他的眼睛盯着书 三、-ed 与 -ing 情感形容词之辨 -ed 形容词 -ing 形容词 例句 修饰人，"感到……的"：interested, surprised, excited, bored, moved 修饰物，"令人……的"：interesting, surprising, exciting, boring, moving Are you interested in traditional Chinese opera?（2026年真题语篇）你对传统中国戏曲感兴趣吗？ 考点四 非谓语三步判断法 一、三步判断法 广东卷的非谓语空全部有提示词，不需要猜词，只需要回答三个问题。三步走完，答案唯一，这是全卷最有把握的 2～4 分。 第一步找谓语：一个简单句（或从句）只能有一个谓语动词，已经出现谓语的，第二个动词就要变形为非谓语；两个动作同时发生且同等重要时，用并列谓语。 第二步辨语态：确定空格动词的逻辑主语，主语发出动作用 doing / to do，承受动作用 done（或 to be done）。 第三步定时序：动作发生在谓语之前用 having done 或 done；发生在之后或表目的用 to do；与谓语同时用 doing。 二、真题空逐空演示 真题空 第一步：谓语在哪 第二步：主动/被动 第三步：时序 答案 didn't want ___ (work) didn't want 是谓语 he 主动去工作 want 后接将来的动作 to work earn money by ___ (sell) could earn 是谓语 he 主动卖鸡蛋 介词 by 后一律 doing selling enjoy ___ (watch) can enjoy 是谓语 you 主动观看 enjoy 只接 doing watching visit places ___ (use) AI can visit 是谓语 you 主动使用AI 与谓语同时发生 using have stopped ___ (do) have stopped 是谓语 they 主动做 stop 只接 doing doing 三、固定搭配速查表 结构 后接形式 例句与出处 want / plan / manage / learn + ____ to do plan to share（浙江专题改编）计划分享 enjoy / stop / avoid / mind + ____ doing enjoy watching（2026年真题） be likely / be happy + ____ to do be likely to succeed（2020年真题） It takes sb. time + ____ to do It took me eight days to recover（2022年真题） 介词（by / of / about / for）+ ____ doing by selling（2019年真题）；Instead of saying（2021年真题） a chance / courage / time + ____ to do（定语） things to do（2023年真题） 考点一：动词不定式 例题全部取自2019—2026年广东学考／合格考真题（考点三取真题语篇改编并注明），逐题标注年份、卷别与题号。 例1.(2024年1月广东合格考·语法填空第38空) Recently he managed ________ (get) a better job at another university. 例2.(2022年1月广东合格考·语法填空第45空) It took me the next eight days in hospital ________ (recover). 1. The Nigerian blogger plans ________ (share) the spirit of Guan Gong in Nigeria. 2. The place still offers visitors a chance ________ (explore) its natural beauty and traditional lifestyle. 3. It gave her great courage ________ (move) forward. 4. We read widely — ________ (open) our eyes to the world. 考点二：动名词与现在分词 例3.(2021年1月广东学考·语法填空第41空) Peter looks happy today. Instead of ________ (say) something bad, he smiles to everyone he meets. 例4.(2026年1月广东合格考·语法填空第37空) As usual, you can enjoy ________ (watch) different forms of Chinese opera in the center. 例5.(2026年1月广东合格考·语法填空第41空) You can also 'visit' past places ________ (use) AI to set the scene for some historical operas with VR technology. 1. Then he could earn a small amount of money by ________ (sell) them at a very good price. 2. He enjoyed ________ (talk) and accepted my offer of some desserts. 3. That is ________ (do) household chores. That is the one thing that can bring success, the study says. 4. Another study finds that compared with the kids who didn't do household chores, young adults ________ (begin) chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to succeed. 考点三：过去分词 例6.(2024年1月广东合格考·阅读第二节（七选五）语篇改编) They taste just like the creamy and smooth ice creams ________ (make) from cow's milk. 例7.(2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解语篇改编) ________ (control) anger can lead to fights, car accidents, bad relationships with others, and many other problems. 1. One of my sisters brought his bread, already ________ (butter) for him. 2. The man ________ (suspect) of stealing money should be to blame. 3. In 2009, one group of people was ________ (encourage) to doodle while listening to a phone message. 4. We opened the gift box and were greatly ________ (surprise). 考点四：非谓语三步判断法 例8.(2019年1月广东学考A卷) Once, there lived a poor man in a small village. He was very clever but didn't want ________ (work) at all. 例9.(2024年1月广东合格考) Three workers came, ________ (take) the things out of the house and loading them into a truck. 1. My husband and I were watering flowers in the yard when an old man passing by ________ (stop) to talk with us. 2. While he was lost in thought, he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. That ________ (bring) an end to the man's beautiful dream. 3. He would become much richer, ________ (build) a big house and marry a pretty woman. 4. I have met many difficulties, especially when it comes to ________ (create) materials for my students. 一、单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. I must tell him that ________ computer games too much is bad for his health. A. play B. playing C. played D. to playing 2. Many people think doodling may stop you ________ attention to what you are doing. A. pay B. paying C. to pay D. paid 3. That is the one thing that has proven ________ success. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought 4. One of my sisters brought his bread, already ________ for him. A. butter B. buttering C. to butter D. buttered 5. Children are sometimes punished for ________ anger in an uncontrolled way. A. express B. expressing C. expressed D. to express 6. You can learn ________ traditional Chinese opera from Miss Yue, our opera teacher. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. sung 7. Are you ________ in traditional Chinese opera? A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. to interest 8. If you doubt it, you may go to a local store and ________ all the ice creams that do not use cows' milk. A. counting B. counted C. count D. to count 9. Since these ice creams are made from different kinds of plant milk, less water and energy ________ in the production. A. require B. are required C. requiring D. required 10. She admits that people see doodling as ________ nothing. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. People used ________ (think) that plant-based ice creams tasted less delicious. 2. ________ (walk) away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it. 3. You might think that ________ (be) good at drawing is important for doodling. 4. She owns a business that helps companies ________ (improve) management effectiveness through doodling. 5. And when you doodle while ________ (listen) to a lecture, you are using all four. 6. Neither group knew that they would be asked ________ (remember) information from the message. 7. Personal happiness begins by ________ (learn) to be kind and helpful to their parents at home. 8. One solution is ________ (talk) about it with someone we trust, for example, a good friend. 9. While he was ________ (lose) in thought, he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. 10. He thought that a ________ (talk) frog was so amazing. 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项；阅读C为七选五（5选5），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A One Saturday, Mary and I were playing with a ball and suddenly the ball went into a big man's house. We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball. He said, "No." We felt helpless. Then I had an idea. There was a water tank (水箱) behind the man's house. I looked at it and told Mary that we could climb onto the water tank and jump over the wall. Mary agreed, but we were both wearing skirts. So we decided to get our ball the next day. The next morning Mary and I went to the water tank very early. We were both wearing shorts. Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her. We looked for the ball and found it under a bed. Along with the ball were some gold bars! In a rush, we climbed back with the ball. When we reached Mary's house, the TV was on. It was news time. We couldn't believe our ears when we heard that 20 gold bars were stolen from a gold shop. They showed a picture of the gold bars which were exactly the same as the ones we had seen under the big man's bed. We rushed to tell Mary's mother about the gold bars and she called the police immediately. The police came at once and caught the man. They found the gold bars in his house. Several days later a police officer came and said, "Thank you children for helping us catch the thief. Here is the reward for you." We opened the gift box and were greatly surprised. There were some detective (侦探的) storybooks. 6. What can we learn about the big man from Paragraph 1? A. He was unhappy. B. He was crazy. C. He was unfriendly. D. He was rich. 7. Why did the girls decide not to climb onto the water tank that Saturday? A. Because they got no permission. B. Because they were afraid of the big man. C. Because they didn't know how to climb onto it. D. Because they didn't wear suitable clothes. 8. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? A. Mary was followed by the man. B. Mary went to the water tank alone. C. Both of the girls got into the house. D. The girls ran out with the gold bars. 9. How did the girls know that the gold bars were stolen from a gold shop? A. By watching the TV news. B. By questioning the man. C. By asking Mary's mother. D. By calling the police. 10. What is the best title for the passage? A. Two Honest Girls B. A Ball and Gold Bars C. Skirts and Shorts D. A Stupid Thief B Have you ever drawn pictures on your notebooks when you are sitting in class? If so, your teacher might have told you to stop. Many people think doodling(胡写乱画) may stop you paying attention to what you are doing. But it might be just the opposite. One study shows that doodling may help you remember things you hear. In 2009, researchers asked two groups of people to listen to a phone message. One group was encouraged to doodle, but the other was not. Neither group knew that they would be asked to remember information from the message. But the group that doodled remembered 29% more. Other people suggest other uses for doodling. Jesse Prinz, a professor who studies doodling, says it can help you think creatively. Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it. When you come back, you will have a fresh idea and get an answer more quickly. An author named Sunni Brown wrote a book on doodling. She argues that doodling is a tool that can help people think. She admits that people see doodling as doing nothing but she wants to change that. In fact, she owns a business that helps companies improve management effectiveness through doodling. Brown believes doodling is helpful because it includes more than one way of learning. You learn in four ways: seeing, hearing, reading and writing. The more ways you use, the better you learn. And when you doodle while listening to a lecture, you are using all four. You might think that being good at drawing is important for doodling. But if the point of doodling is to help you think, then it doesn't matter what the picture looks like. Even if you are not an artist, doodling can help you. So next time you need to focus, pick up a pen and doodle away. 11. What does the last sentence in Paragraph 1 suggest? A. Doodling might be allowed in class. B. Drawing is the first step to doodle. C. Doodling might help students focus. D. Doodling is popular with students. 12. The underlined word "that" in Paragraph 4 refers to the fact that ________. A. doodling can help people think B. Sunni Brown does business by doodling C. people consider doodling as doing nothing D. Sunni Brown wrote a book about doodling 13. According to the last two paragraphs, doodling ________. A. helps people become better learners B. is useless in listening to a lecture C. requires very good drawing skills D. does not attract any artists 14. The purpose of the passage is to ________ A. do research by doodling B. solve problems by doodling C. help people learn how to doodle D. introduce the benefits of doodling 15. In which section of a newspaper can we probably find this passage? A. Health. B. Education. C. Technology. D. Economy. C City life is cool, but is country life cooler? The answer is yes. As cities grow ever bigger, lots of people would like to leave their city and live in the countryside. 16 Cities like Liverpool and Glasgow have lost about 30% of their population in 30 years. But Britain's population is still growing. 17 They are moving to the countryside. The English countryside has a classic image. People imagine that life in the countryside is slow and calm; that people have more space and most houses have gardens; that there are no traffic jams, no pollution, and no crime. 18 People in Britain want to live in the countryside. It is causing problems in some rural areas. People live in the countryside and work in the city. 19 Of course they don't use buses (they are too slow) or trains (they don't stop in the countryside); they use cars. Little villages now have traffic problems in the morning, just like big cities! What's more, although many people live in the countryside, they want to use supermarkets and good fast roads... But they do not want to see the crowds to and from such supermarkets or hear the noise of the roads. 20 There is not enough to do. There are not enough activities or excitements. 【选项】 A. Where are the people going? B. In some places, this is true; but in others it is not. C. So they travel long distances each day to go to work. D. The population of British cities has been falling for years. E. Besides, lots of young people say that life in the countryside is boring. 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 One day, a small boy named Johnny was walking to school. Suddenly he heard a 21 in the tall grass along the side of the road. He 22 to see what it was. He pushed the grass apart and there he saw a green frog 23 him. And to his great 24 , the frog began to speak. It asked Johnny for a 25 so that it could turn back into a beautiful princess. After 26 for a while, Johnny put the frog into his pocket and continued to go to his 27 . He thought that he couldn't do anything with a princess but a talking frog was so 28 . When he arrived at school, he showed his new 29 to his friends. Johnny told them 30 that the frog could talk. But no matter how hard the boys tried, the frog just wouldn't 31 . After all the other boys left, Johnny asked the frog why it had 32 that way. The frog explained that it 33 wanted to be turned back into a princess by a kiss. Then Johnny had to kiss the frog, but to his anger, 34 happened. "I did as you said, but you're still a frog," Johnny said. The frog, having made fun of Johnny, 35 loud, jumped out of his hands and went away. 21 A. secret B. sound C. song D. speech 22 A. pretended B. agreed C. stopped D. expected 23 A. looking at B. marching to C. shouting at D. flying to 24 A. anxiety B. disappointment C. relief D. surprise 25 A. hug B. kiss C. smile D. touch 26 A. sleeping B. searching C. hesitating D. feeding 27 A. school B. house C. friend's D. teacher's 28 A. boring B. horrible C. lucky D. amazing 29 A. classmate B. pet C. brother D. insect 30 A. slowly B. doubtfully C. sadly D. excitedly 31 A. jump B. play C. talk D. cry 32 A. thought B. behaved C. lied D. moved 33 A. just B. even C. already D. almost 34 A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything 35 A. answered B. shouted C. coughed D. laughed 三、语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（题源：2023年1月广东合格考·语法填空） When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it's important to know the right and wrong things____36____(do). For example, in some parts of the world, it's OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if in a restaurant there isn't____37____(noise) and lively, you may think there's something wrong with it. In some other parts of the world, however, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might____38____(strong) complain to the owner of the restaurant. How to pay the bill is also different from country____39____country. In some countries one person usually____40____(pay) for everybody. In other countries,____41____friends eat together, they usually share the bill. This____42____(call) "going Dutch". Also, they usually leave a tip for the waiter. They tip between 15% and 20% of the bill, depending on____43____good the service is. Different countries have different____44____(custom). When you travel to another country please follow what____45____(it) people do. 四、书面表达（共1题） 李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢？请用下面所给的提示词，写一篇80词左右的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。（题源：2020年1月广东学考·书面表达第37题） 提示词：give up（放弃）；concentrate on（专注于）；be（become）interested in（对……感兴趣） 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 非谓语动词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 动词不定式 考点二 动名词与现在分词 考点三 过去分词 考点四 非谓语三步判断法 研|核心专题精讲 考点一：动词不定式 考点二：动名词与现在分词 考点三：过去分词 考点四：非谓语三步判断法 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》将"非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）"列为必修阶段语法学习的基础内容，要求学生"在语境中理解和运用非谓语动词的表达功能"，即不仅会辨认形式，更要在读写中读懂"谁做、何时做、主动还是被动"。 广东学考（合格性考试）对非谓语动词的考查不出"纯语法选择题"，而是把它放进语篇：语法填空每年稳定设空 1～2 空，完形填空与阅读理解的正确选项也经常以非谓语形式出现。因此本专题按"形式—功能—判断法"三条线索组织，最终落到一套可操作的三步判断法上。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标语法项目 具体内容要求 广东学考考查方式 动词不定式（to do） 理解不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法；掌握常用动词后接不定式的固定搭配 语法填空有提示词空：2023年第36空、2024年第38空、2022年第45空、2019年第36空 动名词与现在分词（doing） 理解动名词作主语、宾语的用法；理解现在分词作定语、状语、补语的用法；掌握介词后接动名词的规则 语法填空有提示词空：2026年第37、41空、2024年第41空、2021年第41空、2020年第39空、2019年第39空 过去分词（done） 理解过去分词表"被动、完成"的核心意义；掌握过去分词作定语、表语的常见搭配 近7年语法填空未单独设空，但在完形、阅读语篇中高频出现，是读懂长难句的关键 非谓语动词的判断 能根据句子结构判断谓语与非谓语，根据逻辑主语判断主动与被动，根据时间关系判断先后 语法填空解题主线：每年必考，7套真题卷全部出现 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第38空 manage to get——manage 后接不定式作宾语 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 taking——现在分词作伴随状语 2025年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第36、39空 becoming，working——现在分词作伴随状语 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第37空 watching——enjoy doing 固定搭配 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 using——现在分词作方式状语 2023年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第36空 to do——不定式作后置定语（参照） 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第45空 to recover——it takes sb. time to do（参照） 2021年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 saying——介词 instead of 后接动名词（参照） 2019年1月 广东学考A卷 Ⅳ 语法填空 第36、39空 to work（want to do）、selling（by + doing）（参照） 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：非谓语是语法填空的"必客"。7 套真题语法填空没有一套缺席非谓语动词，年均 1～2 空、每空 2 分。判断依据永远是三件事：句中有没有谓语、逻辑主语是谁、主动还是被动——这正是本专题考点四要训练的能力。 规律二：固定搭配是主要载体。11 个真题空中有 8 个落在固定搭配上：want to do、manage to do、enjoy doing、stop doing、be likely to do、it takes sb. time to do、by doing、instead of doing。把"搭配—形式"配成组块记忆，比临场分析更快更稳。 规律三：非谓语全部是有提示词的题。70 个语法填空空中，有提示词的共 47 空（67%）。也就是说，非谓语空不用猜词，只需判断"用哪种形式"——这是全卷最"讲道理"的 2～4 分，务必拿满。 规律四：过去分词考"读懂"不考"填空"。近 7 年语法填空未单独设空考查过去分词，但过去分词（made from、encouraged、stolen 等）在阅读、完形语篇中大量出现，读不懂它就读不懂长难句。复习重心放在"识别＋翻译"。 考点一 动词不定式 一、核心概念 不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，在句中兼有名词、形容词和副词的特性，可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。不定式没有人称和数的变化，它表示的动作通常发生在谓语动作之后，或与谓语同时存在。 判断口诀：不定式多表"将来、目的"。看到"打算、计划、想要、有机会、有勇气"做某事，后面基本都接 to do。 二、句法功能总览 句法功能 用法说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 作宾语 want, decide, hope, manage, plan, agree, offer, refuse, learn, begin 等动词后接不定式作宾语 Recently he managed to get a better job at another university.（2024年真题）最近他在另一所大学谋到了一份更好的工作。 作宾语补足语 want / ask / tell / invite / encourage sb. to do sth.；help sb. (to) do sth.（to 可省略） One group was encouraged to doodle.（2024年真题语篇）一组人被鼓励去涂鸦。 作定语 不定式作后置定语，修饰 chance, courage, thing, way 等名词 it's important to know the right and wrong things to do（2023年真题）知道该做和不该做的事很重要 作状语 表目的（read widely to open our eyes）或跟在 likely 等形容词后 young adults ... were more likely to succeed（2020年真题）更可能成功 作主语 多用 it 作形式主语，把不定式放到后面：It takes sb. time to do sth. It took me the next eight days in hospital to recover.（2022年真题）我住了八天院才康复。 三、常接不定式的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义与用法 真题出处 want to do sth. 想要做某事 didn't want to work at all（2019年第36空） manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 managed to get a better job（2024年第38空） It takes sb. time to do sth. 某人花时间做某事 It took me eight days to recover（2022年第45空） be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 were more likely to succeed（2020年第41空） used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） People used to think...（2024年真题语篇） a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 the right and wrong things to do（2023年第36空） 四、省 to 的不定式 类型 规则 例句 help 后 help sb. (to) do，to 可省略 It helps companies (to) improve management effectiveness.（2024年真题语篇）它帮助企业提高管理效率。 使役动词后 make / let / have + sb. + do（省 to）；被动语态中 to 要还原 He made me do it. → I was made to do it. 感官动词后 see / hear / watch / notice + sb. + do（省 to） I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。 并列省略 几个不定式并列时，后面的 to 通常省略 She likes to sing and dance. 她喜欢唱歌跳舞。 考点二 动名词与现在分词 一、核心概念 -ing 形式有两种身份：动名词相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，表示抽象的、一般性的行为；现在分词相当于形容词和副词，作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，表示进行的、主动的动作。 判断口诀：介词后面用 doing（by selling、instead of saying）；只接 doing 的动词要背清单；作状语看逻辑主语——分词动作是句子主语发出的，就用 doing。 二、动名词的句法功能 句法功能 用法说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 作主语 动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数 Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it.（2024年真题语篇）走开去画一画，可能反而帮你解决问题。 作宾语 enjoy, stop, mind, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, keep, miss 后只接 doing you can enjoy watching different forms of Chinese opera（2026年第37空）你可以欣赏各种形式的中国戏曲 作介词宾语 介词后面一律接 doing earn money by selling them（2019年第39空）靠卖它们赚钱；Instead of saying something bad（2021年第41空）不说坏话 作表语 说明主语的内容 That is doing household chores.（2020年真题语篇）那就是做家务。 作定语 单个 -ing 词放名词前，表用途或状态 a talking frog（2023年真题完形）一只会说话的青蛙 三、现在分词作状语与定语 用法 说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 现在分词作状语 分词的逻辑主语＝句子主语，主动关系用 doing Three workers came, taking the things out of the house.（2024年第41空）三个工人来了，把东西搬出房子。 方式状语 常置于谓语之后，补充说明方式 you can 'visit' past places using AI（2026年第41空）你可以借助AI'参观'过去的地方 完成式 having done 分词动作发生在谓语动作之前 The frog, having made fun of Johnny, laughed loudly.（2023年真题完形）青蛙捉弄了Johnny之后，大笑着跑了。 现在分词作定语 单个分词前置，短语后置，表主动、进行 young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4（2020年真题语篇）三四岁就开始做家务的年轻人 考点三 过去分词 一、核心概念 过去分词（done）的核心意义是"被动＋完成"：及物动词的过去分词表被动，不及物动词的过去分词表完成。它像形容词和副词一样，在句中作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。 近7年广东语法填空未单独设空考查过去分词，但它是阅读、完形长难句的常客，也是 -ing / -ed 情感形容词之辨的基础，必须做到"一眼认出、准确翻译"。 二、过去分词的句法功能 句法功能 用法说明 例句（选自广东学考真题语篇） 作后置定语 过去分词短语放在名词后，表被动 the creamy and smooth ice creams made from cow's milk（2024年真题语篇）用牛奶做的柔滑冰淇淋 作前置定语 单个过去分词放名词前，表被动或状态 Uncontrolled anger can lead to fights.（2023年真题语篇）不受控制的愤怒会导致打架。 作表语 be + 过去分词构成的形容词短语 We were greatly surprised.（2021年真题语篇）我们非常吃惊。 固定搭配 be lost in（陷入）、be interested in（对……感兴趣）、be made from（由……制成） While he was lost in thought...（2019年真题语篇）当他陷入沉思时…… with 复合结构 with + 宾语 + done（被动）/ doing（主动） with his eyes fixed on the book 他的眼睛盯着书 三、-ed 与 -ing 情感形容词之辨 -ed 形容词 -ing 形容词 例句 修饰人，"感到……的"：interested, surprised, excited, bored, moved 修饰物，"令人……的"：interesting, surprising, exciting, boring, moving Are you interested in traditional Chinese opera?（2026年真题语篇）你对传统中国戏曲感兴趣吗？ 考点四 非谓语三步判断法 一、三步判断法 广东卷的非谓语空全部有提示词，不需要猜词，只需要回答三个问题。三步走完，答案唯一，这是全卷最有把握的 2～4 分。 第一步找谓语：一个简单句（或从句）只能有一个谓语动词，已经出现谓语的，第二个动词就要变形为非谓语；两个动作同时发生且同等重要时，用并列谓语。 第二步辨语态：确定空格动词的逻辑主语，主语发出动作用 doing / to do，承受动作用 done（或 to be done）。 第三步定时序：动作发生在谓语之前用 having done 或 done；发生在之后或表目的用 to do；与谓语同时用 doing。 二、真题空逐空演示 真题空 第一步：谓语在哪 第二步：主动/被动 第三步：时序 答案 didn't want ___ (work) didn't want 是谓语 he 主动去工作 want 后接将来的动作 to work earn money by ___ (sell) could earn 是谓语 he 主动卖鸡蛋 介词 by 后一律 doing selling enjoy ___ (watch) can enjoy 是谓语 you 主动观看 enjoy 只接 doing watching visit places ___ (use) AI can visit 是谓语 you 主动使用AI 与谓语同时发生 using have stopped ___ (do) have stopped 是谓语 they 主动做 stop 只接 doing doing 三、固定搭配速查表 结构 后接形式 例句与出处 want / plan / manage / learn + ____ to do plan to share（浙江专题改编）计划分享 enjoy / stop / avoid / mind + ____ doing enjoy watching（2026年真题） be likely / be happy + ____ to do be likely to succeed（2020年真题） It takes sb. time + ____ to do It took me eight days to recover（2022年真题） 介词（by / of / about / for）+ ____ doing by selling（2019年真题）；Instead of saying（2021年真题） a chance / courage / time + ____ to do（定语） things to do（2023年真题） 考点一：动词不定式 例题全部取自2019—2026年广东学考／合格考真题（考点三取真题语篇改编并注明），逐题标注年份、卷别与题号。 例1.(2024年1月广东合格考·语法填空第38空) Recently he managed ________ (get) a better job at another university. 【答案】to get 【详解】考查固定搭配。manage to do sth. 意为"设法做成某事"，manage 后接不定式作宾语。句意：最近他在另一所大学谋到了一份更好的工作。 【点睛】同类动词清单：want / decide / hope / plan / agree / learn + to do。 例2.(2022年1月广东合格考·语法填空第45空) It took me the next eight days in hospital ________ (recover). 【答案】to recover 【详解】考查固定句式。It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 意为"某人花时间做某事"，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式 to recover。句意：我住了八天院才康复。 【点睛】看到 It + take/spend 类结构，先想 it 作形式主语，真正主语在后面——填不定式。 选题自同类学考真题语篇与2024届春季高考模拟卷，按考点顺序排列，只练一个点、练透一个点。 1. The Nigerian blogger plans ________ (share) the spirit of Guan Gong in Nigeria. 【答案】to share 【详解】plan to do sth. 表示"计划做某事"，plan 后接不定式作宾语。句意：这位尼日利亚博主计划在尼日利亚分享关公精神。（改编自浙江《学考专题》语法填空） 2. The place still offers visitors a chance ________ (explore) its natural beauty and traditional lifestyle. 【答案】to explore 【详解】a chance to do sth. 为固定搭配，不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词 chance。句意：这里仍为游客提供探索其自然美景和传统生活方式的机会。（改编自浙江《学考专题》语法填空） 3. It gave her great courage ________ (move) forward. 【答案】to move 【详解】不定式作后置定语修饰 courage。句意：这给了她继续向前的巨大勇气。（改编自浙江《学考专题》定语从句分册） 4. We read widely — ________ (open) our eyes to the world. 【答案】to open 【详解】破折号后表示目的，应用不定式 to open 作目的状语。句意：我们广泛阅读——开阔眼界认识世界。 考点二：动名词与现在分词 例3.(2021年1月广东学考·语法填空第41空) Peter looks happy today. Instead of ________ (say) something bad, he smiles to everyone he meets. 【答案】saying 【详解】考查介词后接动名词。instead of 中的 of 是介词，后面一律接动名词 doing。句意：彼得今天看起来很开心，他不说坏话，而是对遇到的每个人都微笑。 【点睛】介词（by / of / for / about / before / after）后面接 doing 是语法填空的送分点。 例4.(2026年1月广东合格考·语法填空第37空) As usual, you can enjoy ________ (watch) different forms of Chinese opera in the center. 【答案】watching 【详解】考查固定搭配。enjoy doing sth. 意为"喜欢做某事"，enjoy 后接动名词作宾语。句意：像往常一样，你可以在中心欣赏各种形式的中国戏曲。 【点睛】只接 doing 的动词清单：enjoy, stop, mind, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, keep, miss。 例5.(2026年1月广东合格考·语法填空第41空) You can also 'visit' past places ________ (use) AI to set the scene for some historical operas with VR technology. 【答案】using 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。逻辑主语 you 与 use 是主动关系，用现在分词作方式状语。句意：你还可以借助AI"参观"过去的地方，用VR技术为一些历史戏曲布置场景。 【点睛】分词作状语三步：先看逻辑主语（=句子主语 you），再看主动被动（主动），再看时序（与谓语同时）——doing。 1. Then he could earn a small amount of money by ________ (sell) them at a very good price. 【答案】selling 【详解】介词 by 后一律接动名词 doing。句意：这样他就能以很好的价格卖掉鸡蛋，赚一小笔钱。（改编自2019年广东学考A卷语法填空第39空） 2. He enjoyed ________ (talk) and accepted my offer of some desserts. 【答案】talking 【详解】enjoy 后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.。句意：他喜欢聊天，并接受了我提供的一些甜点。 3. That is ________ (do) household chores. That is the one thing that can bring success, the study says. 【答案】doing 【详解】考查动名词作表语。That 指代上文的"帮父母做家务"这件事，is 后说明其内容，用动名词 doing。句意：那就是做家务，研究表明这正是能带来成功的那件事。（改编自2020年广东学考阅读理解语篇） 4. Another study finds that compared with the kids who didn't do household chores, young adults ________ (begin) chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to succeed. 【答案】beginning 【详解】句子谓语是 were，begin 需变非谓语；young adults 与 begin 是主动关系且同时进行，用现在分词作后置定语。句意：与不做家务的孩子相比，三四岁就开始做家务的年轻人更可能成功。 考点三：过去分词 例1.(2024年1月广东合格考·阅读第二节（七选五）语篇改编) They taste just like the creamy and smooth ice creams ________ (make) from cow's milk. 【答案】made 【详解】考查过去分词作后置定语。ice creams 与 make 之间是被动关系（冰淇淋"被制成"），故用过去分词 made 作后置定语。句意：它们的味道就像用牛奶做成的柔滑冰淇淋。 【点睛】近7年语法填空未单独设空考查过去分词，本题取自真题语篇设题。过去分词表"被动＋完成"，是读懂长难句的关键。 例2.(2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解语篇改编) ________ (control) anger can lead to fights, car accidents, bad relationships with others, and many other problems. 【答案】Uncontrolled 【详解】考查过去分词作前置定语。anger 与 control 之间是被动关系（愤怒"被控制"），作前置定语用单个过去分词，注意句首大写。句意：不受控制的愤怒会导致打架、车祸等许多问题。 【点睛】单个过去分词前置、过去分词短语后置；-ing 前置表主动（a talking frog），-ed 前置表被动（uncontrolled anger）。 1. One of my sisters brought his bread, already ________ (butter) for him. 【答案】buttered 【详解】bread 与 butter 之间是被动关系（面包"被涂上黄油"），already 提示状态已完成，用过去分词作后置定语。句意：我的一个姐妹端来他的面包，已经替他涂好了黄油。 2. The man ________ (suspect) of stealing money should be to blame. 【答案】suspected 【详解】man 与 suspect 之间是被动关系（"被怀疑"），用过去分词短语 suspected of... 作后置定语。句意：那个被怀疑偷了钱的人应该受到责备。 3. In 2009, one group of people was ________ (encourage) to doodle while listening to a phone message. 【答案】encouraged 【详解】group 与 encourage 之间是被动关系，was 后接过去分词构成被动语态 be encouraged to do。句意：2009年，其中一组人被鼓励在听电话留言时涂鸦。 4. We opened the gift box and were greatly ________ (surprise). 【答案】surprised 【详解】人作主语，"感到吃惊的"用 -ed 形式，过去分词 surprised 作表语。句意：我们打开礼盒，感到非常吃惊。 考点四：非谓语三步判断法 例8.(2019年1月广东学考A卷·语法填空第36空) Once, there lived a poor man in a small village. He was very clever but didn't want ________ (work) at all. 【答案】to work 【详解】考查不定式作宾语与三步判断法。句中谓语是 didn't want，work 不能再作谓语；he 与 work 是主动关系；want to do 是固定搭配，want 后接"将来的动作"。故填 to work。句意：他非常聪明但什么都不想做。 【点睛】第一步找谓语：看到 want 已带宾语位置，第二个动词必须变非谓语。 例9.(2024年1月广东合格考·语法填空第41空) Three workers came, ________ (take) the things out of the house and loading them into a truck. 【答案】taking 【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句子谓语是 came，take 不能再用谓语形式；workers 与 take 是主动关系；taking 与 loading 并列，与 came 同时发生。故填 taking。句意：三个工人来了，把东西搬出房子、装上卡车。 【点睛】and 后的 loading 是形式对照的"路标"：并列成分形式一致，前空必为 -ing。 1. My husband and I were watering flowers in the yard when an old man passing by ________ (stop) to talk with us. 【答案】stopped 【详解】第一步找谓语：主句已有 were watering，when 从句的主语 an old man 需要自己的谓语，stop 应用过去式 stopped，而不是非谓语。句意：我和丈夫在院子里浇花时，一位路过的老人停下来和我们聊天。 2. While he was lost in thought, he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. That ________ (bring) an end to the man's beautiful dream. 【答案】brought 【详解】That 是主语，本句没有其他谓语，bring 应作谓语；全文叙述过去的事，用一般过去时 brought。句意：这就结束了那个人美丽的梦想。 3. He would become much richer, ________ (build) a big house and marry a pretty woman. 【答案】build 【详解】would 后并列三个动词原形 become、build、marry，build 与前后动词并列作谓语，填动词原形——这是"并列谓语"陷阱，不是非谓语。句意：他会变得更富有，盖一座大房子，娶一位漂亮妻子。（改编自2019年广东学考A卷语法填空语篇） 4. I have met many difficulties, especially when it comes to ________ (create) materials for my students. 【答案】creating 【详解】when it comes to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词 creating。句意：我遇到过很多困难，尤其是在为学生创造材料的时候。 一、单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. I must tell him that ________ computer games too much is bad for his health. A. play B. playing C. played D. to playing 【答案】B 【详解】动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数 is。句意：我必须告诉他，玩太多电脑游戏对健康有害。 2. Many people think doodling may stop you ________ attention to what you are doing. A. pay B. paying C. to pay D. paid 【答案】B 【详解】stop sb. (from) doing sth. 为固定搭配，介词后接动名词。句意：很多人认为涂鸦会让你无法专注于正在做的事。 3. That is the one thing that has proven ________ success. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought 【答案】C 【详解】prove to do sth. 表示"被证明能做某事"，用不定式作宾语。句意：那就是被证明能带来成功的那件事。 4. One of my sisters brought his bread, already ________ for him. A. butter B. buttering C. to butter D. buttered 【答案】D 【详解】面包与"涂黄油"是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。句意：我的一个姐妹端来已经替他涂好黄油的面包。 5. Children are sometimes punished for ________ anger in an uncontrolled way. A. express B. expressing C. expressed D. to express 【答案】B 【详解】介词 for 后接动名词。句意：孩子们有时会因为失控地表达愤怒而受到惩罚。 6. You can learn ________ traditional Chinese opera from Miss Yue, our opera teacher. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. sung 【答案】C 【详解】learn to do sth. 表示"学会做某事"，learn 后接不定式。句意：你可以跟我们的戏曲老师岳老师学唱传统中国戏曲。 7. Are you ________ in traditional Chinese opera? A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. to interest 【答案】C 【详解】be interested in 为固定搭配，-ed 形容词修饰人表示"感到感兴趣的"。句意：你对传统中国戏曲感兴趣吗？ 8. If you doubt it, you may go to a local store and ________ all the ice creams that do not use cows' milk. A. counting B. counted C. count D. to count 【答案】C 【详解】may 后的 go 与 count 由 and 并列，共用作谓语，填动词原形——并列谓语，不是非谓语。句意：如果你怀疑，可以去当地商店数一数不用牛奶做的冰淇淋。 9. Since these ice creams are made from different kinds of plant milk, less water and energy ________ in the production. A. require B. are required C. requiring D. required 【答案】B 【详解】water and energy 与 require 是被动关系且为复数主语，本句需要谓语，用一般现在时被动语态 are required。句意：因为这些冰淇淋用各种植物奶制成，生产所需的水和能源更少。 10. She admits that people see doodling as ________ nothing. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 【答案】B 【详解】see...as 中 as 是介词，后接动名词 doing。句意：她承认人们把涂鸦看作无所事事。 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 1. People used ________ (think) that plant-based ice creams tasted less delicious. 【答案】to think 【详解】used to do sth. 表示"过去常常做某事（现在不做了）"。句意：人们过去认为植物基冰淇淋没那么美味。 2. ________ (walk) away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it. 【答案】Walking 【详解】动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数 might。句意：暂时走开去画一画，可能反而帮你解决问题。注意句首大写。 3. You might think that ________ (be) good at drawing is important for doodling. 【答案】being 【详解】that 从句中已有谓语 is，good at 前面的动词作从句主语，用动名词 being。句意：你可能认为擅长画画对涂鸦很重要。 4. She owns a business that helps companies ________ (improve) management effectiveness through doodling. 【答案】improve / to improve 【详解】help sb. (to) do sth. 中 to 可省略，两种形式都对。句意：她开办了一家企业，通过涂鸦帮助企业提高管理效率。 5. And when you doodle while ________ (listen) to a lecture, you are using all four. 【答案】listening 【详解】while 后省略 you are，用现在分词 listening 作状语。句意：当你边听讲座边涂鸦时，四种学习方式就都用上了。 6. Neither group knew that they would be asked ________ (remember) information from the message. 【答案】to remember 【详解】ask sb. to do sth. 的被动式为 be asked to do sth.。句意：两组人都不知道之后会被要求记住留言中的信息。 7. Personal happiness begins by ________ (learn) to be kind and helpful to their parents at home. 【答案】learning 【详解】介词 by 后接动名词。句意：个人的幸福始于在家里学会对父母友善、乐于相助。 8. One solution is ________ (talk) about it with someone we trust, for example, a good friend. 【答案】to talk 【详解】不定式作表语，说明主语 solution 的内容。句意：一个解决方法是和我们信任的人谈谈，例如好朋友。 9. While he was ________ (lose) in thought, he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. 【答案】lost 【详解】be lost in thought 为固定搭配，意为"陷入沉思"，用过去分词作表语。句意：正当他陷入沉思时，他被石头绊倒，所有鸡蛋都摔到了地上。 10. He thought that a ________ (talk) frog was so amazing. 【答案】talking 【详解】现在分词作前置定语，表示主动、进行："会说话的青蛙"。句意：他觉得一只会说话的青蛙太神奇了。 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项；阅读C为七选五（5选5），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A One Saturday, Mary and I were playing with a ball and suddenly the ball went into a big man's house. We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball. He said, "No." We felt helpless. Then I had an idea. There was a water tank (水箱) behind the man's house. I looked at it and told Mary that we could climb onto the water tank and jump over the wall. Mary agreed, but we were both wearing skirts. So we decided to get our ball the next day. The next morning Mary and I went to the water tank very early. We were both wearing shorts. Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her. We looked for the ball and found it under a bed. Along with the ball were some gold bars! In a rush, we climbed back with the ball. When we reached Mary's house, the TV was on. It was news time. We couldn't believe our ears when we heard that 20 gold bars were stolen from a gold shop. They showed a picture of the gold bars which were exactly the same as the ones we had seen under the big man's bed. We rushed to tell Mary's mother about the gold bars and she called the police immediately. The police came at once and caught the man. They found the gold bars in his house. Several days later a police officer came and said, "Thank you children for helping us catch the thief. Here is the reward for you." We opened the gift box and were greatly surprised. There were some detective (侦探的) storybooks. 6. What can we learn about the big man from Paragraph 1? A. He was unhappy. B. He was crazy. C. He was unfriendly. D. He was rich. 7. Why did the girls decide not to climb onto the water tank that Saturday? A. Because they got no permission. B. Because they were afraid of the big man. C. Because they didn't know how to climb onto it. D. Because they didn't wear suitable clothes. 8. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? A. Mary was followed by the man. B. Mary went to the water tank alone. C. Both of the girls got into the house. D. The girls ran out with the gold bars. 9. How did the girls know that the gold bars were stolen from a gold shop? A. By watching the TV news. B. By questioning the man. C. By asking Mary's mother. D. By calling the police. 10. What is the best title for the passage? A. Two Honest Girls B. A Ball and Gold Bars C. Skirts and Shorts D. A Stupid Thief 【答案】6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述"我"和Mary为捡回掉进邻居院子的皮球，第二天翻墙进院，意外在床下发现与新闻中被盗金条一模一样的金条，随即报警协助抓获小偷并获得奖励的故事。情节有两次转折：捡球变成发现金条、奖励竟是侦探故事书。语篇中 if he could let us in、told Mary that we could climb、wearing shorts 等表达值得留意。（题源：2021年1月广东学考） 6. 【详解】C。推理判断题。第一段中两个孩子想进院子拿球，他只说了一个字"No."，可知他待人冷淡、不友好，故选C。 7. 【详解】D。细节理解题。根据第一段末"Mary agreed, but we were both wearing skirts. So we decided to get our ball the next day."可知，当天穿裙子不便攀爬，所以改到第二天，故选D。 8. 【详解】C。细节理解题。第二段"Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her."可知两人都进了院子，故选C；A、B、D均与原文不符。 9.【详解】 A。细节理解题。第三段"When we reached Mary's house, the TV was on. It was news time... we heard that 20 gold bars were stolen from a gold shop."可知是通过电视新闻得知的，故选A。 10.【详解】 B。主旨大意题。全文由"一个皮球"引出"一批金条"，A Ball and Gold Bars 最能概括文章内容，故选B。 B Have you ever drawn pictures on your notebooks when you are sitting in class? If so, your teacher might have told you to stop. Many people think doodling(胡写乱画) may stop you paying attention to what you are doing. But it might be just the opposite. One study shows that doodling may help you remember things you hear. In 2009, researchers asked two groups of people to listen to a phone message. One group was encouraged to doodle, but the other was not. Neither group knew that they would be asked to remember information from the message. But the group that doodled remembered 29% more. Other people suggest other uses for doodling. Jesse Prinz, a professor who studies doodling, says it can help you think creatively. Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it. When you come back, you will have a fresh idea and get an answer more quickly. An author named Sunni Brown wrote a book on doodling. She argues that doodling is a tool that can help people think. She admits that people see doodling as doing nothing but she wants to change that. In fact, she owns a business that helps companies improve management effectiveness through doodling. Brown believes doodling is helpful because it includes more than one way of learning. You learn in four ways: seeing, hearing, reading and writing. The more ways you use, the better you learn. And when you doodle while listening to a lecture, you are using all four. You might think that being good at drawing is important for doodling. But if the point of doodling is to help you think, then it doesn't matter what the picture looks like. Even if you are not an artist, doodling can help you. So next time you need to focus, pick up a pen and doodle away. 11. What does the last sentence in Paragraph 1 suggest? A. Doodling might be allowed in class. B. Drawing is the first step to doodle. C. Doodling might help students focus. D. Doodling is popular with students. 12. The underlined word "that" in Paragraph 4 refers to the fact that ________. A. doodling can help people think B. Sunni Brown does business by doodling C. people consider doodling as doing nothing D. Sunni Brown wrote a book about doodling 13. According to the last two paragraphs, doodling ________. A. helps people become better learners B. is useless in listening to a lecture C. requires very good drawing skills D. does not attract any artists 14. The purpose of the passage is to ________ A. do research by doodling B. solve problems by doodling C. help people learn how to doodle D. introduce the benefits of doodling 15. In which section of a newspaper can we probably find this passage? A. Health. B. Education. C. Technology. D. Economy. 【答案】11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，话题为"涂鸦（doodling）的益处"。文章按"提出反面看法——研究证据——专家观点——学习方式解释——消除顾虑"的顺序展开，是典型的"观点+论证"结构。语篇中含有大量非谓语动词（stop you paying、Walking away from a problem、being good at、while listening 等），是本专题最好的语篇读本。（题源：2024年1月广东合格考） 11. 【详解】C。推理判断题。根据第一段末句"But it might be just the opposite."（但事实可能恰恰相反）可知，作者是在反驳"涂鸦让你分心"的说法，暗示涂鸦可能反而帮助学生专注，故选C。 12. 【详解】C。指代理解题。第四段中"She admits that people see doodling as doing nothing but she wants to change that."，that 指代前半句"人们把涂鸦看作无所事事"这一事实，她想要改变这一看法，故选C。 13. A。细节理解题。根据第四、五段：涂鸦能帮助思考、包含多种学习方式（seeing, hearing, reading and writing），"The more ways you use, the better you learn."可知涂鸦帮助人们成为更好的学习者，故选A。 14. 【详解】D。写作目的题。全文围绕涂鸦有助于记忆、有助创造性思考、是学习工具等展开，目的是介绍涂鸦的好处，故选D。 15.【详解】 B。文章出处题。文章谈论学习方式与专注力，最可能出现在报纸的教育版块，故选B。 C City life is cool, but is country life cooler? The answer is yes. As cities grow ever bigger, lots of people would like to leave their city and live in the countryside. 16 Cities like Liverpool and Glasgow have lost about 30% of their population in 30 years. But Britain's population is still growing. 17 They are moving to the countryside. The English countryside has a classic image. People imagine that life in the countryside is slow and calm; that people have more space and most houses have gardens; that there are no traffic jams, no pollution, and no crime. 18 People in Britain want to live in the countryside. It is causing problems in some rural areas. People live in the countryside and work in the city. 19 Of course they don't use buses (they are too slow) or trains (they don't stop in the countryside); they use cars. Little villages now have traffic problems in the morning, just like big cities! What's more, although many people live in the countryside, they want to use supermarkets and good fast roads... But they do not want to see the crowds to and from such supermarkets or hear the noise of the roads. 20 There is not enough to do. There are not enough activities or excitements. 【选项】 A. Where are the people going? B. In some places, this is true; but in others it is not. C. So they travel long distances each day to go to work. D. The population of British cities has been falling for years. E. Besides, lots of young people say that life in the countryside is boring. 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. E 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，讨论"英国人迁往乡村"的现象及其带来的问题：城市人口下降、乡村吸纳人口、乡村生活并非想象中美好、通勤与购物带来交通噪音等问题。空位类型包括段首主题句（16）、问答衔接（17）、转折补充（18）、因果衔接（19）与段尾总结（20），衔接手段集中在指代与转折。本卷为5选5形式，即5个选项分别对应5个空，无干扰项。（题源：2023年1月广东合格考） 16.【详解】 D。根据下文"Cities like Liverpool and Glasgow have lost about 30% of their population in 30 years."可知，下文举例说明城市人口在下降，D项"英国城市人口多年来一直在下降"符合语境，故选D。 17. 【详解】A。根据下文"They are moving to the countryside."可知，空格处应出现They的指代对象，A项"人们要去哪里？"与下文构成问答，符合语境，故选A。 18.【详解】 B。上文描述英国人对乡村生活的美好想象（慢节奏、有花园、无拥堵），B项"在某些地方这是真的，但在其他地方则不然"对上文进行补充转折，符合语境，故选B。 19. 【详解】C。上文"People live in the countryside and work in the city."（住在乡村、在城市工作），C项"所以他们每天长途跋涉去上班"承接因果，且与下文"they don't use buses... they use cars"衔接，故选C。 20.【详解】 E。下文"There is not enough to do. There are not enough activities or excitements."解释乡村生活无聊，E项"此外，很多年轻人说乡村生活很无聊"引出该话题，故选E。 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 One day, a small boy named Johnny was walking to school. Suddenly he heard a 21 in the tall grass along the side of the road. He 22 to see what it was. He pushed the grass apart and there he saw a green frog 23 him. And to his great 24 , the frog began to speak. It asked Johnny for a 25 so that it could turn back into a beautiful princess. After 26 for a while, Johnny put the frog into his pocket and continued to go to his 27 . He thought that he couldn't do anything with a princess but a talking frog was so 28 . When he arrived at school, he showed his new 29 to his friends. Johnny told them 30 that the frog could talk. But no matter how hard the boys tried, the frog just wouldn't 31 . After all the other boys left, Johnny asked the frog why it had 32 that way. The frog explained that it 33 wanted to be turned back into a princess by a kiss. Then Johnny had to kiss the frog, but to his anger, 34 happened. "I did as you said, but you're still a frog," Johnny said. The frog, having made fun of Johnny, 35 loud, jumped out of his hands and went away. 21 A. secret B. sound C. song D. speech 22 A. pretended B. agreed C. stopped D. expected 23 A. looking at B. marching to C. shouting at D. flying to 24 A. anxiety B. disappointment C. relief D. surprise 25 A. hug B. kiss C. smile D. touch 26 A. sleeping B. searching C. hesitating D. feeding 27 A. school B. house C. friend's D. teacher's 28 A. boring B. horrible C. lucky D. amazing 29 A. classmate B. pet C. brother D. insect 30 A. slowly B. doubtfully C. sadly D. excitedly 31 A. jump B. play C. talk D. cry 32 A. thought B. behaved C. lied D. moved 33 A. just B. even C. already D. almost 34 A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything 35 A. answered B. shouted C. coughed D. laughed 【答案】 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Johnny上学途中遇到一只会说话的青蛙，青蛙索求一个吻以便变回公主，但得到亲吻后并未变成公主，反而大笑着扬长而去——原来这只是青蛙捉弄Johnny的方式。文章情节点在"亲吻之后什么都没发生"这一反转处。语篇中 a talking frog、having made fun of Johnny 等非谓语表达是理解情节的关键。（题源：2023年1月广东合格考·完形填空） 21.【详解】 B。考查名词词义辨析。根据前文"he heard"及后文"he saw a green frog"可知，他听到草丛中传来的声音，故选B（sound）。 22.【详解】 C。考查动词词义辨析。他正在去上学的路上，听到声音后停下脚步去查看，故选C（stopped）。 23.【详解】 A。考查动词短语辨析。根据"he saw a green frog"可知，青蛙正看着他，故选A（looking at）。 24. 【详解】D。考查名词词义辨析。青蛙开口说话会使他很惊讶，to his great surprise"令他大为惊讶的是"，故选D。 25. 【详解】B。考查名词词义辨析。根据后文"turned back into a princess by a kiss"可知，青蛙需要一个吻才能变回公主，故选B（kiss）。 26. 【详解】C。考查动词词义辨析。根据后文Johnny并没有照做而是把青蛙放进口袋继续上学可知，他听完话后犹豫了一会儿，故选C（hesitating）。 27.【详解】 A。考查名词词义辨析。根据后文"When he arrived at school"可知，他继续去上学，故选A（school）。 28. 【详解】D。考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文"a talking frog"可知，会说话的青蛙是神奇的，故选D（amazing）。 29. 【详解】B。考查名词词义辨析。这只会说话的青蛙是Johnny的新宠物，故选B（pet）。 30. 【详解】D。考查副词词义辨析。青蛙会说话这件事使Johnny非常激动，故选D（excitedly）。 31.【详解】 C。考查动词词义辨析。虽然Johnny宣称青蛙会说话，但当着大家的面青蛙并没有说话，故选C（talk）。 32. 【详解】B。考查动词词义辨析。Johnny询问青蛙为什么要在众人面前表现出不会说话的样子（为什么这样做），故选B（behaved）。 33. 【详解】A。考查副词词义辨析。青蛙仅仅想要一个吻去变回公主，并不想在人前炫耀，故选A（just）。 34. 【详解】A。考查不定代词辨析。根据后文"you're still a frog"可知，亲吻之后什么都没有发生，故选A（nothing）。 35. 【详解】D。考查动词词义辨析。根据前文"having made fun of Johnny"可知，青蛙捉弄了Johnny，笑得很开心，故选D（laughed）。 三、语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（题源：2023年1月广东合格考·语法填空） When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it's important to know the right and wrong things____36____(do). For example, in some parts of the world, it's OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if in a restaurant there isn't____37____(noise) and lively, you may think there's something wrong with it. In some other parts of the world, however, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might____38____(strong) complain to the owner of the restaurant. How to pay the bill is also different from country____39____country. In some countries one person usually____40____(pay) for everybody. In other countries,____41____friends eat together, they usually share the bill. This____42____(call) "going Dutch". Also, they usually leave a tip for the waiter. They tip between 15% and 20% of the bill, depending on____43____good the service is. Different countries have different____44____(custom). When you travel to another country please follow what____45____(it) people do. 【答案】 36. to do 37. noisy 38. strongly 39. to 40. pays 41. when 42. is called 43. how 44. customs 45. its 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍世界各地餐馆的就餐与付账习俗：有些地方喧闹热闹，有些地方安静低声；付账方式有请客与AA制之分，还涉及小费文化。其中第36空"things to do"（不定式作后置定语）正是本专题考点一的核心考法。 36.【详解】 to do。考查动词不定式作定语。空格处应填入非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰things，应用不定式to do，表示"要做的……事情"。 37. 【详解】noisy。考查形容词。根据空后and lively可知，空格处应填入形容词与lively并列作表语。noise的形容词形式为noisy。 38. 【详解】strongly。考查副词。空格处应填入副词作状语修饰动词complain。strong的副词形式为strongly，意为"强烈地"。 39. 【详解】to。考查介词。from...to...是固定结构，句意为"因国家而异"。 40. 【详解】pays。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知应用一般现在时，主语one person是第三人称单数，故填pays。 41. 【详解】when。考查状语从句。根据句意"当朋友们一起吃饭时"，此处是时间状语从句，应用when引导。 42. 【详解】is called。考查动词时态和语态。根据上文they usually share the bill可知应用一般现在时；This与call构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态is called，意为"这被称为AA制"。 43.【详解】 how。考查宾语从句。根据空格后的形容词good可知，此处应用how引导，表示服务有多好。 44. 【详解】customs。考查名词的数。根据空格前的different可知，空格处应填入名词复数形式。 45. 【详解】its。考查物主代词。根据空格后的people可知，应填形容词性物主代词its。 四、书面表达（共1题） 李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢？请用下面所给的提示词，写一篇80词左右的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。（题源：2020年1月广东学考·书面表达第37题） 提示词：give up（放弃）；concentrate on（专注于）；be（become）interested in（对……感兴趣） 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Firstly, I think he should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer games. And then I'll ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. At the same time, I'll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 【详解】 1.高分句型一：I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. 　 译文：其次，我必须告诉他，玩太多的电脑游戏对他的健康有害，特别是对他的眼睛。 　 分析：that 引导宾语从句；从句主语 playing computer games too much 是动名词短语作主语（非谓语考点）。 2.高分句型二：If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 　 译文：如果我试试这些，我相信他很快就会取得很大进步。 　 分析：if 引导条件状语从句。 3.非谓语运用提示：范文中 instead of computer games 前后对比、become more interested in（-ed 形容词）、concentrate more on（动身短语）等表达，都是本专题知识在写作中的直接运用；写作时用"动名词作主语"开头（如 Playing games too much wastes time.）能自然展示语法功底。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $