高中英语单元测试——Unit 1 Science and Scientists（较难版02）

听力考试正式开始。I'm unfamiliar with web application development. I'd mainly use technology to keep in touch with friends and family. This innovation of virtual reality is most interesting to me. Sure, ryan. This new form of video communication will be very useful. Listen to the next question. I was really impressed. I saw all the dishes in the restaurant were delivered . by robots. It's like something from a science fiction film. Listen to the next question. Are you nearly finished with the T. V, or should I watch the game on my computer? This show is almost over. It's really interesting. Scientists have discovered how to make artificial seawater so fresh sea afd can now be farmed in places like shenyang. Listen to the next question. Look, the workers are offering AR glasses to visitors. You can view the old pictures by the glasses. amazing. Let's have a try while there are still afternoon openings left. Look, the workers are offering AR glasses to visitors. You can view the old pictures by the glasses. amazing. Let's have a try. While there are still afternoon openings left. Listen to the next question. Wow, can you see the camera in the video is just on the birds back? Oh. here IT is scientists want to study the physics of flight while the birds are hunting. Listen to the next question. Mammy serious family just got two more dogs. Her mother is keeping three dogs. Now that's hard. I can imagine how much work he needs to do. How come I can't have just one dog? It's not expensive, and I promise i'll take care of IT. I already told you shaan, our apartment is just too small. A dog needs too much space to run and play. If IT can't run around, it'll be sad. Oh, I don't want my dog to be sad. Mommy, serious family just got two more dogs. Her mother is keeping three dogs. Now that's hard. I can imagine how much work he needs to do. How come I can't have just one dog? It's not expensive, and I promise i'll take care of IT. I already told you shaan, our apartment is just too small. A dog needs too much space to run and play. If IT can't run around, it'll be sad. Oh, I don't want my dog to be sad. Listen to the next question. Lucy. We have to write about one of histories, greatest inventors. Yes, i'm excited about this homework for social studies. So who do we focus on? Mister White said. We should write about their lives as well as their scientific achievements. What about Benjamin? Frank in his personal life is quite interesting. We studied him for the end of term exam last year. Remember, i'm afraid we can't tell the class anything new. Thomas Edison, I heard . Fiona and George would choose him for their presentation. What about Edison ones? Big competitor nicos la. Oh, that's a good idea. I read a book about him a couple of years ago. He's the guy elon musk car company is named after. Well, I can't wait to know more about him. Lucy. We have to write about one of history's greatest inventors. Yes, i'm excited about this homework for social studies. So who do we focus on? Mister White said. We should write about their lives as well as their scientific achievements. What about Benjamin fragment? His personal life is interesting. We studied him for the end of term exam last year. Remember, i'm afraid we can't tell the class anything new. Thomas citizen, I heard Fiona . and George would choose him for their presentation. What about Edison on's big competitor? Nicole tesla? Oh, that's a good idea. I read a book about him a couple of years ago. He's the guy. Elon musk car company is named after well. I can't wait to know more about him. Listen to the next question. If you could . have dinner with any famous person from the past who would IT be HMM? That's a thoughtful question. Maybe i'd go with Albert einstein . really are his. There is interesting to you actually are . more curious about his thoughts on modern scientific advancements. And i've always heard he had a good sense of humor. ID love to experience that myself. That does sound interesting. yes. What about you? Who would you pick? I think god choose free to color her. Life seemed full of struggles, yet he was able to create such powerful and emotional art. Her life story is quite inspiring, and her perspective on art and life would be fascinating to study. absolutely. Plus, I want to hear directly from her about the political and cultural climate of the day, as well as era SHE lived in. If you could have dinner with any famous person from the . past who would IT be question, maybe i'd go with Albert einstein. Really are his, there is interesting to you actually . are more curious about his thoughts on modern scientific advancements. And i've always heard he had a good sense of humor. ID love to experience that myself. That does sound interesting. Yes, what about you? Who would you pick? I think god choose free to color. Her life seemed full of struggles, yet he was able to create such powerful and emotional art. Her life story is quite inspiring, and her perspective on art and life would be fascinating to study. absolutely. Plus, I want to hear directly from her about the political and cultural climate of the day as well as era SHE lived in. Listen to the next question. What are we going to do on our project? We'll have to present IT to everyone in mr. Frankly, environmental science course next week. I went to a job and business fair. Last week, hundreds of local business men, teachers and government leaders were present. I heard a scientist deliver a speech about new technology that can protect our environment. Sounds interesting. Please go on. Well, we always hear about using less plastic electricity and gas. Of course, these efforts are important. But the scientists said, we need technology to solve environmental problems. We need modern electricity sources and recycling technology. I've mainly researched urban planning. Some south american cities planted hundreds of plants and trees along highways to reduce air pollution like this. Not quite, but that's important too, he said. We need to spread influence. The more people learn and get excited about new technology that helps the environment, the Better these technologies will do work. His technology involves recycling plastic to three deep print items. Wow, i've never heard of that printing technology before. Plus, I doubt if anyone in the city is using this system. So we need to prepare. I will be responsible for researching more information, and then you can make the result into a video that can be shown . in class OK. I agree. What are we going to do on our project? We'll have to present IT to everyone in mr. Franklin environmental science course next week. I went to a job and business fair. Last week, hundreds of local business man, teachers and government leaders were present. I heard a scientist deliver a speech about new technology that can protect our environment. Sounds interesting. Please go on. Well, we always hear about using less plastic electricity and gas. Of course, these efforts are important. But the scientists said, we need technology to solve environmental problems. We need modern electricity sources and recycling technology. I've mainly researched urban planning. Some south american cities planted hundreds of plants and trees along highways to reduce air pollution like this. Not quite, but that's important too, he said. We need to spread influence. The more people learn and get excited about new technology that helps the environment, the Better these technologies will do work. His technology involves recycling plastic to three deep print items. Wow, i've never heard of that printing technology before. Plus, I doubt if anyone in the city is using this system. So we need to prepare. I will be responsible for researching more information, and then you can make the result into a video that can be shown . in class OK. I . agree. Listen to the next question. Alan turing was turn in nineteen twelve. When he was nineteen, he went to study mathematics at kings college, cambridge. Four years later, he designed a machine to solve mathematical problems. The next year he got his P. H. D. At prince university, the ua. During nineteen forty five to nineteen fifty four, he worked on designs for computers. One of his most famous ideas was the turing test. He thought computers could be made to do everything a person could do. So his test was to see when a computer could be considered to be like a human being. He thought, if a person could communicate with the computer, and you couldn't tell if you talked with a person or a computer, that computer would become just like a human being. Alan turing had made a great contribution to human beings, but unfortunately, he killed himself for depression. Alan turing was born in nineteen twelve. When he was nineteen, he went to study mathematics, edg, kings college, cambridge. Four years later, he designed the machine to solve mathematical problems. The next year he got his P. H. D. At prince university, the U. S. A, during nineteen forty five to fifty four, he worked on designs for computers. One of his most famous ideas was the turing test. He thought computers could be made to do everything a person could do. So his test was to see when a computer could be considered to be like a human being. He thought, if a person could communicate with the computer, and you couldn't tell if you talked with a person or a computer, that computer would become just like a human being. Alan turing had made a great contribution to human beings, but unfortunately, he killed himself for depression. 听力部分到此结束。 高中英语单元测试 —— Unit 1 Science and Scientists 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What is Ryan most excited about? A．Online videos. B．Virtual reality. C．Phone applications. 2．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers talking about? A．Robot service. B．A sci-fi film. C．A new restaurant. 3．（本题1.5分）What is the show about? A．A new technology. B．A new creature. C．A new game. 4．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a restaurant. B．In an art class. C．In a museum. 5．（本题1.5分）Why is the camera put on the bird’s back? A．To do scientific research. B．To catch people’s eyes. C．To take better pictures. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)How many dogs does Sara’s family have now? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. 7．(1.5分)Why doesn’t the woman let the boy have a dog? A．It needs space. B．It’s too expensive. C．It needs too much care. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A．History. B．Science. C．Social studies. 9．(1.5分)Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A．The class have known a lot about him. B．Another group has chosen to study him. C．His personal life is not attractive enough. 10．(1.5分)Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A．Elon Musk. B．Nikola Tesla. C．Thomas Edison. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why does the man want to dine with Albert Einstein? A．To experience Einstein’s sense of humor. B．To learn about Einstein’s personal life. C．To find out the roots of Einstein’s ideas. 12．(1.5分)What does Frida Kahlo do? A．An artist. B．A writer. C．A scientist. 13．(1.5分)What are the speakers doing? A．Planning a historical-themed dinner party. B．Having a history class. C．Sharing interests in historical figures. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)What did the woman do last week? A．She developed a new technology. B．She attended a business event. C．She delivered a speech. 15．(1.5分)What solution did the woman learn from the scientist? A．Using less electricity. B．Reducing plastic pollution. C．Adopting recycling systems. 16．(1.5分)How does the man feel about the new technology? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Excited. 17．(1.5分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Manager and secretary. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)When did Alan Turing design a machine to solve mathematical problems? A．At the age of 19. B．At the age of 23. C．At the age of 24. 19．(1.5分)What kind of computer can pass the Turing Test? A．One that behaves like a human. B．One that helps people work. C．One that looks like a human. 20．(1.5分)What do we know about Alan Turing? A．He studied maths in the USA． B．He died from depression. C．He was fond of computers since childhood. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）AI robots are changing how we live and work. They can help with housework, keep us company, and even assist in healthcare. From simple companions to complex humanoids, there’s something for everyone in today’s market. Aria, the AI girlfriend Aria is making waves as one of the most advanced AI robots on the market today. Created by a US-based tech company, this AI companion can express nearly human-like emotions and facial expressions thanks to 17 motors driving her facial movements. Her realistic expressions and conversation skills make her stand out from other AI robots. Unitree G1 Humanoid The Unitree G1 humanoid robot by Unitree Robotics, based in Hangzhou, is making waves in the AI robotics industry with its impressive physical capabilities. This robot stands out for being the first side-flipping (侧面翻转) humanoid robot in the world. Unitree has worked to create what they call the smoothest humanoid robot available, with fluent motions that look more natural than many competitors. Junko Chihira Junko Chihira is a remarkable trilingual (三语的) android created by Toshiba. Standing 5.5 feet tall, this robot can communicate in Japanese, English, and Chinese, making it perfect for helping international visitors. You can find Junko working full-time at a tourist information center in Tokyo. Her main job is to greet visitors and provide helpful information in multiple languages. Her design mimics (模仿) human facial expressions and movements very closely. Miko, Emotional Support Robot Miko, developed by Miko. ai, an India-based technology company, is an AI-powered robot designed specifically for children that acts as both an educational tool and an emotional companion. This small, friendly robot has been gaining popularity as parents look for tech that supports their children’s development. It recognizes a child’s mood and responds appropriately, offering comfort during sad moments or joining in the excitement during happy times. 21．(2.5分)Which is probably developed by an American company? A．Aria, the AI girlfriend. B．Unitree G1 Humanoid. C．Junko Chihira. D．Miko, Emotional Support Robot. 22．(2.5分)What probably makes Unitree G1 Humanoid special? A．Its rich emotions. B．Its facial expressions. C．Its movement quality. D．Its language learning ability. 23．(2.5分)Why is Miko particularly appealing to parents? A．It has excellent conversation skills. B．It is a relatively cheaper educational toy. C．It is designed by a famous Indian company. D．It addresses children’s learning and emotional needs. （本题10分）Jessica Matthews is an inventor who uses technology to do social good (好事). Born in the United States to Nigerian parents, Jessica grew up experiencing two different cultures. This unique background inspired her to think about global challenges in new ways. At just 19 years old, while studying mechanical engineering in college, Jessica and her classmates brainstormed a groundbreaking idea: a soccer ball that could produce electricity. The idea for this invention came during a family trip to the countryside of Nigeria, where she saw firsthand how families struggled without regular electricity. The Soccket Ball (发电足球), a name combining “soccer” and “socket”, looks like any other soccer ball, but it has a special feature. As you play with it, the ball captures the energy from being kicked and rolled. After a game, this energy can power small devices like LED lights. For many families without regular electricity, this invention can make a big difference. Despite gaining strong support from global organizations and media attention, the product faced unexpected difficulties after its launch. Many disappointed users reported that the balls broke or stopped working within a few months, failing to live up to the promised three years of useful life. The problems led to criticism from users and negative headlines, putting pressure on Uncharted Play, the company Jessica founded. The team openly admitted that they hadn’t expected the equipment to be so damaged by rough play in the country and promised to revise the design with stronger materials and improved internal parts. Despite these setbacks, Jessica and her team at Uncharted Play continued to work on energy solutions. Their latest invention, a portable jump rope (便携式跳绳) that generates electricity, builds on the Soccket’s success with a more durable, lightweight design. Designed for both children and adults, the jump rope can power small devices like phones or flashlights, expanding the reach of their mission. Jessica’s key goal remains unchanged: to provide clean renewable energy to people around the world, where electricity shortage limits education, health, and economic opportunities. Her journey proves that even simple, fun activities — like playing soccer or jumping rope — can be transformed into powerful tools to address pressing global affairs. 24．(2.5分)What inspired Jessica to think about global challenges in new ways? A．Her trip to America with her family. B．Her mechanical engineering studies. C．Her unique cross-cultural background. D．The energy shortage problem she noticed. 25．(2.5分)Why did the Soccket Ball disappoint users? A．It performed with high costs. B．It didn’t last as long as three years. C．It can only power small devices. D．It was uncomfortable to play with. 26．(2.5分)What is Jessica’s key goal? A．To encourage people to exercise more regularly. B．To discover more possible tools for spreading culture. C．To offer renewable energy to human beings globally. D．To achieve worldwide market success for her inventions. 27．(2.5分)Which of the following words can best describe Jessica? A．Creative and polite. B．Honest and selfless. C．Outgoing and careful. D．Ambitious and responsible. （本题10分）Major biotech (生物技术) companies that produce a lot of made-to-order DNA for scientists have protections in place to keep dangerous biological material out of the hands of would-be harmful people. But now, a new study has demonstrated how AI could be used to easily get around those biosafety processes. A team of AI researchers found that protein-design tools could be used to “paraphrase” the DNA codes of poisonous proteins. “Re-writing them in ways that could preserve their structure, and potentially their function,” says Eric Horvitz, Microsoft’s chief scientific officer. Computer scientists used AI to generate DNA codes for more than 75,000 variants (变体) of dangerous proteins and firewalls used by DNA makers weren’t consistently able to catch them. “To our concern,” says Horvitz, “they slipped past the biosecurity screening systems used worldwide by DNA companies to flag dangerous orders.” A fix was quickly written and applied to the biosecurity screening software. But it’s not perfect — it still couldn’t ascertain some variants. “AI-powered protein design is one of science’s most exciting frontiers. We’re seeing advances in medicine and public health,” says Horvitz. “Yet like many powerful technologies, these tools can be misused.” Biologists have debated whether to openly publish certain experimental results, though open discussions are science’s lifeblood. The researchers and the journal behind this study held back some information and will restrict access to their data and software. They enlisted a non-profit third party to decide who has a reasonable need to know. “This is the first time such a model has been employed to manage risks of sharing dangerous information in a scientific publication,” says Horvitz. Scientists, worried about future biosecurity threats, praised this work. “My overall reaction to that was favorable,” says scientist Arturo Casadevall. “Here we have a system in which we are identifying weak points. And what you’re seeing is an attempt to correct known weak points. But what are the weak points that we don’t know about and that will require future corrections?” says Casadevall. 28．(2.5分)How does AI challenge the existing biosecurity defenses? A．By inventing new protein-design tools. B．By monitoring the screening systems. C．By improving the firewalls’ consistency. D．By changing harmful DNA instructions. 29．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “ascertain” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Protect. B．Hide. C．Produce. D．Detect. 30．(2.5分)What is the scientists’ pioneering attempt in biosafety? A．They supported open publication fully. B．They controlled key information access. C．They allowed relevant open discussions. D．They invested heavily in medicine and health. 31．(2.5分)What is Casadevall’s attitude to future biosafety? A．Unclear. B．Confident. C．Concerned. D．Doubtful. （本题10分）Researchers found that they could accurately (准确地) predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips. Put simply: You and your best friends really do think alike. According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are. The study reveals that friends have the most similar neural activity patterns, followed by friends-of-friends who, in turn, have more similar neural activity than people three degrees removed (friends-of-friends-of-friends). Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network. “Neural responses to active, naturalistic stimuli, like videos, can give us a window into people’s unlimited, unplanned thought processes as they unfold. Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways,” says lead author Carolyn Parkinson. The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses in pairs across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network. The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning. Even when the researchers controlled variables (变量), including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the analogy (类比) in neural activity among friends was still evident. The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two. 32．(2.5分)What can we learn about the study mentioned in the text? A．It involved more than 200 students watching various videos. B．It required a professional device to analyze participants’ conversation. C．It has not gained acceptance from the academic world yet. D．It is original and checks people’s neural responses. 33．(2.5分)What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The process of the study. B．The design of the study. C．The findings of the study. D．The breakthrough of the study. 34．(2.5分)What is the author’s attitude towards the findings of the study? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 35．(2.5分)What might be the best title for the passage? A．Neural Responses Shape Social Bonds. B．How Vidos Connect People’s Minds. C．The Science Behind Social Networks. D．Friendship Seen Through Neural Patterns. （本题12.5分）Robot bees, or mechanical bees, are machines created to do the important work of real bees. 36(2.5分) Their popularity is growing because natural bee populations are becoming weaker. While robot bees have some benefits, they also come with certain drawbacks. One major benefit of robot bees is that they are more productive than real bees. Farmers who use these machines can increase their crop yields by 20 to 40 percent compared to those who rely on traditional honey bees. Additionally, robot bees are good at gathering and analyzing data about the crops. 37(2.5分) In this sense, tiny robots could have a big economic impact. Robot bees can also be useful in greenhouses, where they can pollinate (给……授粉) plants without needing to open the space up to the actual wild. 38(2.5分) This offers robot bees a more promising market as they are safer to use in these closed systems. 39(2.5分) There’s this whole food web that is maintained through bees pollinating wildflowers. But robotic bees may not pollinate wildflowers like bees do, unless they are clearly programmed to do so. The wildflower communities would start to collapse, which would then affect all our birds and mammals (哺乳动物). The biggest challenge with robot bees is that they lack the flexibility and skill of real bees. Real bees have evolved (进化) over millions of years to handle various weather conditions, quickly find the right flowers, and manage pollen collection with ease. Even the best robotic systems struggle to match these abilities. 40(2.5分) A．But the noise generated by robot bees can disturb local wildlife. B．Greenhouses are becoming more common as a way to grow food. C．They are used to increase productivity in the agriculture industry. D．Robotic bees are expected to help protect natural bee populations. E．This helps farmers to have more control and make better decisions. F．There is still a long way for robot bees to be fully applied in the field. G．However, robot bees could disturb the given area’s entire ecosystems. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive, the 41 for flooding, and other useful updates. This is happening because cities are 42 the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better. The number of 43 like these sensors will reach 50 billion by 2020. Cities are complex systems of systems that have always 44 vast amounts of information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated with other 45 to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in useful formats that can change 46 for the better. 47 , in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data needed to 48 city operations. Despite the seeming 49 of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists, considering the shift from desktop computing to mobile devices and tablets. Mobile technology has 50 dramatically in the past decade to the point where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional 51 are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more. This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 52 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps. It also raises complex 53 issues that must be dealt with as we face this new era, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their 54 , not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered. It will be a cooperative and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transformation, to 55 the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades. 41．(1分)A．reason B．potential C．hope D．occasion 42．(1分)A．upgrading B．enlarging C．altering D．employing 43．(1分)A．systems B．applications C．devices D．guides 44．(1分)A．weathered B．generated C．adored D．existed 45．(1分)A．sources B．users C．overseers D．means 46．(1分)A．city living B．urban planning C．traffic flow D．basic facilities 47．(1分)A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Thus 48．(1分)A．guide B．apply C．advise D．order 49．(1分)A．specialty B．need C．decrease D．lack 50．(1分)A．decreased B．reformed C．advanced D．increased 51．(1分)A．talents B．capabilities C．qualities D．performances 52．(1分)A．accidentally B．surprisingly C．willingly D．determinedly 53．(1分)A．confidential B．efficiency C．biological D．social 54．(1分)A．community B．performance C．unity D．recreation 55．(1分)A．overlook B．increase C．predict D．address 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qian Qihu, China’s top defence engineering expert, has once again moved many netizens with his charity — donating a total of 500,000 yuan to help children 56(1.5分) (live) in poor conditions. Qian is an academician (院士) from the Chinese Academy of Engineering and also the winner of the 57(1.5分) (high) military award given to individual members of the Chinese military, the August 1 Medal in 2022. Qian, together with his wife and Kunshan Underground Space Technology Research Institute, donated 1 million yuan to Jinhui Charity Fund based in Kunshan, 58(1.5分) (care) for children. He set up the charity fund in 2013, which is named 59(1.5分) his mother and wife, to help excellent students from poor families gain access to schools and quality education. As of now, the program 60(1.5分) (assist) 1,331 students, with funding of about 13.6 million yuan and Qian has 61(1.5分) (personal) donated about 13.38 million yuan. 62(1.5分) (inspire) by the spirit of Qian, many beneficiaries (受助者) have taken him as a role model. “In the future, I hope I can follow his steps and make 63(1.5分) (contribution) to our country,” said a National University of Defence Technology student 64(1.5分) received aid from Qian. Qian has almost donated all his savings to 65(1.5分) charity fund. “I have devoted my whole life to our country and the people,” said Qian. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你的外籍同学Peter对中国杰出人物很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，介绍一位你最敬佩的中国人物，内容包括： 1.人物基本信息； 2.主要事迹与贡献； 3.你敬佩他/她的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 Dear Peter, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Among villagers lived Mark, an odd, thin, short man. Because Mark preferred his ideas for inventions to hard work in a field, he was often laughed at by the villagers. Fortunately, he didn’t have to work in the field, as his grandfather hired him to work at his blacksmith’s workshop. In his spare moments, Mark would devote himself to his inventions. A year ago, his grandfather made a kettle. Once he was waiting for the water to start boiling in the kettle, he saw the steam come out of the kettle and thought, “The steam comes out at pretty high speed. Could a huge kettle produce enough steam to drive a windmill?” It took him four months to create something like a steam engine. Mark continued thinking, “I’ll add wings, and it will be able to fly.” Mark built a wooden construction of an air vehicle and he powered the wings with the steam engine. Wings were waving just as birds do; however, the air vehicle didn’t go up even a little. The trial of starting the air vehicle lasted an hour and completely failed. “Hah! I told you that you wouldn’t make it!” his grandfather said, and many villagers laughed at him. But Mark didn’t mind that; he gathered all the courage and was determined to make a change. He went to the big bookstore in a faraway city and bought books on aircraft construction. He even bought back some parts and used metal sheets from the junkyards. Mark started studying the pictures more exactly. He built a fuselage (机身) with wheels, and he mounted a big airscrew (螺旋桨) on it. He worked hard to gather all the parts needed for the plane according to the drawings. It took Mark another six months to complete his plane. Despite the doubtfulness of his grandfather and other villagers, Mark transported the plane to a cliff atop the mountain with the help of friends. He believed pretty strong winds would significantly help his plane fly and he also believed he could make it this time. Paragraph 1: After getting everything ready, Mark got into his plane with a mixture of excitement and nervousness. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Fifteen minutes later, the plane landed by the riverside safely. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试 —— Unit 1 Science and Scientists 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What is Ryan most excited about? A．Online videos. B．Virtual reality. C．Phone applications. 【答案】B 【原文】M: I’m unfamiliar with web application development. I’d mainly use technology to keep in touch with friends and family. This innovation of virtual reality is most interesting to me. W: Sure, Ryan. This new form of video communication will be very useful! 2．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers talking about? A．Robot service. B．A sci-fi film. C．A new restaurant. 【答案】A 【原文】W: I was really impressed. I saw all the dishes in the restaurant were delivered by robots. M: Yeah. It’s like something from a science fiction film. 3．（本题1.5分）What is the show about? A．A new technology. B．A new creature. C．A new game. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Are you nearly finished with the TV, or should I watch the game on my computer? M: This show is almost over. It’s really interesting! Scientists have discovered how to make artificial seawater. So, Fresh seafood can now be farmed in places like Xinjiang! 4．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a restaurant. B．In an art class. C．In a museum. 【答案】C 【详解】M: Look, the workers are offering AR glasses to visitors. You can view the old pictures by the glasses. W: Amazing. Let’s have a try while there are still afternoon openings left. 5．（本题1.5分）Why is the camera put on the bird’s back? A．To do scientific research. B．To catch people’s eyes. C．To take better pictures. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Wow, can you see the camera in the video? It’s just on the bird’s back. M: Oh, here it is. Scientists want to study the physics of flight while the birds are hunting. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)How many dogs does Sara’s family have now? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. 7．(1.5分)Why doesn’t the woman let the boy have a dog? A．It needs space. B．It’s too expensive. C．It needs too much care. 【答案】6．C 7．A 【原文】M: Mommy, Sara’s family just got two more dogs. W: Her mother is keeping three dogs. Now that’s hard. I can imagine how much work she needs to do. M: How come I can’t have just one dog? It’s not expensive and I promise I’ll take care of it. W: I already told you, Sean. Our apartment is just too small. A dog needs too much space to run and play. If it can’t run around, it’ll be sad. M: Oh, I don’t want my dog to be sad. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A．History. B．Science. C．Social studies. 9．(1.5分)Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A．The class have known a lot about him. B．Another group has chosen to study him. C．His personal life is not attractive enough. 10．(1.5分)Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A．Elon Musk. B．Nikola Tesla. C．Thomas Edison. 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．B 【原文】M: Lucy, we have to write about one of “History’s Greatest Inventors”. W: Yes, I’m excited about this homework for social studies. So, who do we focus on? M: Mr. White said we should write about their lives as well as their scientific achievements. W: What about Benjamin Franklin? His personal life is quite interesting. M: We studied him for the end-of-term exam last year, remember? I’m afraid we can’t tell the class anything new. W: Thomas Edison? M: I heard Fiona and George would choose him for their presentation. W: What about Edison’s big competitor, Nikola Tesla? M: Oh, that’s a good idea. I read a book about him a couple of years ago. He’s the guy Elon Musk’s car company is named after. W: Wow! I can’t wait to know more about him. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why does the man want to dine with Albert Einstein? A．To experience Einstein’s sense of humor. B．To learn about Einstein’s personal life. C．To find out the roots of Einstein’s ideas. 12．(1.5分)What does Frida Kahlo do? A．An artist. B．A writer. C．A scientist. 13．(1.5分)What are the speakers doing? A．Planning a historical-themed dinner party. B．Having a history class. C．Sharing interests in historical figures. 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．C 【原文】W: If you could have dinner with any famous person from the past, who would it be? M: Hmm, that’s a thoughtful question. Maybe I’d go with Albert Einstein. W: Really? Are his theories interesting to you? M: Actually, I’m more curious about his thoughts on modern scientific advancements. And I’ve always heard he had a good sense of humor. I’d love to experience that myself. W: That does sound interesting. M: Yes. What about you? Who would you pick? W: I think I’d choose Frida Kahlo. Her life seemed full of struggles yet she was able to create such powerful and emotional art. M: Her life story is quite inspiring. And her perspective on art and life would be fascinating to study. W: Absolutely. Plus, I want to hear directly from her about the political and cultural climate of the day as well as the era she lived in. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)What did the woman do last week? A．She developed a new technology. B．She attended a business event. C．She delivered a speech. 15．(1.5分)What solution did the woman learn from the scientist? A．Using less electricity. B．Reducing plastic pollution. C．Adopting recycling systems. 16．(1.5分)How does the man feel about the new technology? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Excited. 17．(1.5分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Manager and secretary. 【答案】14．B 15．C 16．A 17．A 【原文】M: What are we going to do on our project? We’ll have to present it to everyone in Mr Franklin’s environmental science course next week. W: I went to a job in business fair last week. Hundreds of local businessmen, teachers and government leaders were present. I heard a scientist deliver a speech about new technology that can protect our environment. M: Sounds interesting. Please go on. W: Well, we always hear about using less plastic electricity and gas. Of course, these efforts are important, but the scientists said we need technology to solve environmental problems. We need modern electricity sources and recycling technology. M: I’ve mainly researched urban planning. Some south American cities planted hundreds of plants and trees along highways to reduce air pollution like this. W: Not quite, but that’s important too. He said we need to spread influence. The more people learn and get excited about new technology that helps the environment, the better these technologies will do work. His technology involves recycling plastic to 3D print items. M: Wow, I’ve never heard of that printing technology before. Plus, I doubt if anyone in the city is using this system. W: So we need to prepare. I will be responsible for researching more information and then you can make the result into a video that can be shown in class. M: Okay, I agree. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)When did Alan Turing design a machine to solve mathematical problems? A．At the age of 19. B．At the age of 23. C．At the age of 24. 19．(1.5分)What kind of computer can pass the Turing Test? A．One that behaves like a human. B．One that helps people work. C．One that looks like a human. 20．(1.5分)What do we know about Alan Turing? A．He studied maths in the USA． B．He died from depression. C．He was fond of computers since childhood. 【答案】18．B 19．A 20．B 【原文】W: Alan Turing was born in 1912. When he was 19, he went to study mathematics at King’s College, Cambridge. Four years later, he designed a machine to solve mathematical problems. The next year, he got his PhD at Princeton University, the USA. During 1945-1954, he worked on designs for computers. One of his most famous ideas was the Turing Test. He thought computers could be made to do everything a person could do. So his test was to see when a computer could be considered to be like a human being. He thought if a person could communicate with the computer and you couldn’t tell if you talked with a person or a computer, that computer would become just like a human being. Alan Turing had made a great contribution to human beings, but unfortunately, he killed himself for depression. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）AI robots are changing how we live and work. They can help with housework, keep us company, and even assist in healthcare. From simple companions to complex humanoids, there’s something for everyone in today’s market. Aria, the AI girlfriend Aria is making waves as one of the most advanced AI robots on the market today. Created by a US-based tech company, this AI companion can express nearly human-like emotions and facial expressions thanks to 17 motors driving her facial movements. Her realistic expressions and conversation skills make her stand out from other AI robots. Unitree G1 Humanoid The Unitree G1 humanoid robot by Unitree Robotics, based in Hangzhou, is making waves in the AI robotics industry with its impressive physical capabilities. This robot stands out for being the first side-flipping (侧面翻转) humanoid robot in the world. Unitree has worked to create what they call the smoothest humanoid robot available, with fluent motions that look more natural than many competitors. Junko Chihira Junko Chihira is a remarkable trilingual (三语的) android created by Toshiba. Standing 5.5 feet tall, this robot can communicate in Japanese, English, and Chinese, making it perfect for helping international visitors. You can find Junko working full-time at a tourist information center in Tokyo. Her main job is to greet visitors and provide helpful information in multiple languages. Her design mimics (模仿) human facial expressions and movements very closely. Miko, Emotional Support Robot Miko, developed by Miko. ai, an India-based technology company, is an AI-powered robot designed specifically for children that acts as both an educational tool and an emotional companion. This small, friendly robot has been gaining popularity as parents look for tech that supports their children’s development. It recognizes a child’s mood and responds appropriately, offering comfort during sad moments or joining in the excitement during happy times. 21．(2.5分)Which is probably developed by an American company? A．Aria, the AI girlfriend. B．Unitree G1 Humanoid. C．Junko Chihira. D．Miko, Emotional Support Robot. 22．(2.5分)What probably makes Unitree G1 Humanoid special? A．Its rich emotions. B．Its facial expressions. C．Its movement quality. D．Its language learning ability. 23．(2.5分)Why is Miko particularly appealing to parents? A．It has excellent conversation skills. B．It is a relatively cheaper educational toy. C．It is designed by a famous Indian company. D．It addresses children’s learning and emotional needs. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四款各具特色的人工智能机器人及其功能、研发背景与应用场景。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据“Aria, the AI girlfriend”部分中的“Aria is making waves as one of the most advanced AI robots on the market today. Created by a US-based tech company, this AI companion can express nearly human-like emotions and facial expressions thanks to 17 motors driving her facial movements.(艾瑞亚（Aria）作为目前市场上最先进的人工智能机器人之一而备受瞩目。这款人工智能陪伴型机器人由一家美国科技公司研发，依托17个驱动面部动作的马达，能够展现出近乎逼真的人类情感与面部表情。)”可知，Aria是由美国公司研发的。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据“Unitree G1 Humanoid”部分中的“The Unitree G1 humanoid robot by Unitree Robotics, based in Hangzhou, is making waves in the AI robotics industry with its impressive physical capabilities. This robot stands out for being the first side-flipping (侧面翻转) humanoid robot in the world. Unitree has worked to create what they call the smoothest humanoid robot available, with fluent motions that look more natural than many competitors.(总部位于杭州的宇树科技所研发的宇树G1人形机器人，凭借其令人惊叹的躯体运动能力在人工智能机器人行业掀起热潮。这款机器人是全球首款可完成侧面翻转动作的人形机器人，凭借这一特点脱颖而出。宇树科技致力于打造一款他们口中 “市面上动作最流畅的人形机器人”，其动作行云流水，相较诸多同类竞品更为自然。)”可知，Unitree G1的独特之处在于它的运动表现，包括首创的侧面翻转能力和流畅自然的动作。故选C项。 23．细节理解题。根据“Miko, Emotional Support Robot”部分中的“Miko, developed by Miko. ai, an India-based technology company, is an AI-powered robot designed specifically for children that acts as both an educational tool and an emotional companion. This small, friendly robot has been gaining popularity as parents look for tech that supports their children’s development.(由印度科技公司Miko.ai研发的机器人米可（Miko），是一款专为儿童设计的人工智能机器人，兼具教育工具与情感陪伴双重功能。这款外形小巧、设计亲切的机器人正日益受到大众青睐，因为家长们都在寻找能够助力孩子成长的科技产品。)”可知，Miko之所以吸引家长，是因为它能同时满足孩子的学习需求和情感需求。故选D项。 （本题10分）Jessica Matthews is an inventor who uses technology to do social good (好事). Born in the United States to Nigerian parents, Jessica grew up experiencing two different cultures. This unique background inspired her to think about global challenges in new ways. At just 19 years old, while studying mechanical engineering in college, Jessica and her classmates brainstormed a groundbreaking idea: a soccer ball that could produce electricity. The idea for this invention came during a family trip to the countryside of Nigeria, where she saw firsthand how families struggled without regular electricity. The Soccket Ball (发电足球), a name combining “soccer” and “socket”, looks like any other soccer ball, but it has a special feature. As you play with it, the ball captures the energy from being kicked and rolled. After a game, this energy can power small devices like LED lights. For many families without regular electricity, this invention can make a big difference. Despite gaining strong support from global organizations and media attention, the product faced unexpected difficulties after its launch. Many disappointed users reported that the balls broke or stopped working within a few months, failing to live up to the promised three years of useful life. The problems led to criticism from users and negative headlines, putting pressure on Uncharted Play, the company Jessica founded. The team openly admitted that they hadn’t expected the equipment to be so damaged by rough play in the country and promised to revise the design with stronger materials and improved internal parts. Despite these setbacks, Jessica and her team at Uncharted Play continued to work on energy solutions. Their latest invention, a portable jump rope (便携式跳绳) that generates electricity, builds on the Soccket’s success with a more durable, lightweight design. Designed for both children and adults, the jump rope can power small devices like phones or flashlights, expanding the reach of their mission. Jessica’s key goal remains unchanged: to provide clean renewable energy to people around the world, where electricity shortage limits education, health, and economic opportunities. Her journey proves that even simple, fun activities — like playing soccer or jumping rope — can be transformed into powerful tools to address pressing global affairs. 24．(2.5分)What inspired Jessica to think about global challenges in new ways? A．Her trip to America with her family. B．Her mechanical engineering studies. C．Her unique cross-cultural background. D．The energy shortage problem she noticed. 25．(2.5分)Why did the Soccket Ball disappoint users? A．It performed with high costs. B．It didn’t last as long as three years. C．It can only power small devices. D．It was uncomfortable to play with. 26．(2.5分)What is Jessica’s key goal? A．To encourage people to exercise more regularly. B．To discover more possible tools for spreading culture. C．To offer renewable energy to human beings globally. D．To achieve worldwide market success for her inventions. 27．(2.5分)Which of the following words can best describe Jessica? A．Creative and polite. B．Honest and selfless. C．Outgoing and careful. D．Ambitious and responsible. 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．C 27．D 【导语】主要讲述发明家杰西卡依托多元文化背景，发明发电足球与跳绳，历经产品挫折仍坚持研发，致力于为全球提供清洁能源的励志故事。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Born in the United States to Nigerian parents, Jessica grew up experiencing two different cultures. This unique background inspired her to think about global challenges in new ways.(杰西卡出生在美国，父母是尼日利亚人，成长过程中体验了两种不同的文化。这一独特的背景启发她以全新的方式思考全球性难题。)”可知，独特的跨文化成长背景促使杰西卡创新思考全球问题。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many disappointed users reported that the balls broke or stopped working within a few months, failing to live up to the promised three years of useful life.(许多失望的用户反馈，这些足球在几个月内就损坏或无法使用，达不到其承诺的三年使用寿命。)”可知，这款发电足球使用寿命远短于承诺年限，因此让用户感到失望。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Jessica’s key goal remains unchanged: to provide clean renewable energy to people around the world, where electricity shortage limits education, health, and economic opportunities.(杰西卡的核心目标始终未变：为世界各地因电力短缺而受限教育、医疗和经济机遇的人们提供清洁的可再生能源。)”可知，杰西卡的核心目标是为全球人类提供清洁可再生能源。 27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“The team openly admitted that they hadn’t expected the equipment to be so damaged by rough play in the country and promised to revise the design with stronger materials and improved internal parts.(团队公开承认未预料到设备会在粗野使用中受损，并承诺采用更坚固材料、优化内部结构改良设计。)”以及第四段中的“Her journey proves that even simple, fun activities — like playing soccer or jumping rope — can be transformed into powerful tools to address pressing global affairs.( 她的经历证明，即便是简单、有趣的活动——比如踢足球或者跳绳，也能够转化为强有力的工具，去解决紧迫的全球问题。)”可知，杰西卡敢于创新研发利民产品、勇于正视产品缺陷积极整改，心怀全球能源问题、坚守初心造福他人，富有志向与责任感。 （本题10分）Major biotech (生物技术) companies that produce a lot of made-to-order DNA for scientists have protections in place to keep dangerous biological material out of the hands of would-be harmful people. But now, a new study has demonstrated how AI could be used to easily get around those biosafety processes. A team of AI researchers found that protein-design tools could be used to “paraphrase” the DNA codes of poisonous proteins. “Re-writing them in ways that could preserve their structure, and potentially their function,” says Eric Horvitz, Microsoft’s chief scientific officer. Computer scientists used AI to generate DNA codes for more than 75,000 variants (变体) of dangerous proteins and firewalls used by DNA makers weren’t consistently able to catch them. “To our concern,” says Horvitz, “they slipped past the biosecurity screening systems used worldwide by DNA companies to flag dangerous orders.” A fix was quickly written and applied to the biosecurity screening software. But it’s not perfect — it still couldn’t ascertain some variants. “AI-powered protein design is one of science’s most exciting frontiers. We’re seeing advances in medicine and public health,” says Horvitz. “Yet like many powerful technologies, these tools can be misused.” Biologists have debated whether to openly publish certain experimental results, though open discussions are science’s lifeblood. The researchers and the journal behind this study held back some information and will restrict access to their data and software. They enlisted a non-profit third party to decide who has a reasonable need to know. “This is the first time such a model has been employed to manage risks of sharing dangerous information in a scientific publication,” says Horvitz. Scientists, worried about future biosecurity threats, praised this work. “My overall reaction to that was favorable,” says scientist Arturo Casadevall. “Here we have a system in which we are identifying weak points. And what you’re seeing is an attempt to correct known weak points. But what are the weak points that we don’t know about and that will require future corrections?” says Casadevall. 28．(2.5分)How does AI challenge the existing biosecurity defenses? A．By inventing new protein-design tools. B．By monitoring the screening systems. C．By improving the firewalls’ consistency. D．By changing harmful DNA instructions. 29．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “ascertain” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Protect. B．Hide. C．Produce. D．Detect. 30．(2.5分)What is the scientists’ pioneering attempt in biosafety? A．They supported open publication fully. B．They controlled key information access. C．They allowed relevant open discussions. D．They invested heavily in medicine and health. 31．(2.5分)What is Casadevall’s attitude to future biosafety? A．Unclear. B．Confident. C．Concerned. D．Doubtful. 【答案】28．D 29．D 30．B 31．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能对现有生物安全防御的挑战，以及科学家们在生物安全方面所做出的开创性尝试，同时表达了科学家对未来生物安全的担忧。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A team of AI researchers found that protein-design tools could be used to “paraphrase” the DNA codes of poisonous proteins. “Re-writing them in ways that could preserve their structure, and potentially their function,” says Eric Horvitz, Microsoft’s chief scientific officer. (一支人工智能研究团队发现，蛋白质设计工具可被用于“重新表述”有毒蛋白质的DNA密码。微软首席科学官埃里克·霍维茨表示：“通过保留其结构和潜在功能的方式对这些编码进行重写，将成为可能。”)”可知，人工智能通过改变有害的DNA指令来挑战现有的生物安全防御。故选D项。 29．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Computer scientists used AI to generate DNA codes for more than 75,000 variants (变体) of dangerous proteins-and firewalls used by DNA makers weren’t consistently able to catch them. (计算机科学家利用人工智能生成了75000多种危险蛋白质变体的DNA密码，而DNA制造商使用的防火墙并不能始终识别它们)”和“A fix was quickly written and applied to the biosecurity screening software. But it’s not perfect — it still couldn’t ascertain some variants. (研究人员很快编写了一个修复程序并应用到生物安全筛查软件中。但它并不完美，它仍然无法ascertain一些变体)”可知，修复程序虽然应用到了生物安全筛查软件中，但它并不完美，即防火墙不能始终检测并识别出一些变体。故划线词“ascertain”意为“检测”，与D项“Detect”意思一致。故选D项。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers and the journal behind this study held back some information and will restrict access to their data and software. They enlisted a non-profit third party to decide who has a reasonable need to know. (该研究团队及相关期刊暂未公布全部信息，并将限制数据与软件的访问权限。他们委托非营利第三方机构来审定具有合理知情需求的人员资格)”可知，科学家们在生物安全方面所做出的开创性尝试是控制关键信息的访问。故选B项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Casadevall的话“But what are the weak points that we don’t know about and that will require future corrections? (但那些尚未被认知、有待未来修正的薄弱环节究竟何在？)”可推知，Casadevall认为一些问题并不明确，对未来生物安全持担忧的态度。故选C项。 （本题10分）Researchers found that they could accurately (准确地) predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips. Put simply: You and your best friends really do think alike. According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are. The study reveals that friends have the most similar neural activity patterns, followed by friends-of-friends who, in turn, have more similar neural activity than people three degrees removed (friends-of-friends-of-friends). Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network. “Neural responses to active, naturalistic stimuli, like videos, can give us a window into people’s unlimited, unplanned thought processes as they unfold. Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways,” says lead author Carolyn Parkinson. The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses in pairs across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network. The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning. Even when the researchers controlled variables (变量), including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the analogy (类比) in neural activity among friends was still evident. The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two. 32．(2.5分)What can we learn about the study mentioned in the text? A．It involved more than 200 students watching various videos. B．It required a professional device to analyze participants’ conversation. C．It has not gained acceptance from the academic world yet. D．It is original and checks people’s neural responses. 33．(2.5分)What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The process of the study. B．The design of the study. C．The findings of the study. D．The breakthrough of the study. 34．(2.5分)What is the author’s attitude towards the findings of the study? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 35．(2.5分)What might be the best title for the passage? A．Neural Responses Shape Social Bonds. B．How Vidos Connect People’s Minds. C．The Science Behind Social Networks. D．Friendship Seen Through Neural Patterns. 【答案】32．D 33．A 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者们通过分析大脑活动模式来预测人际关系的研究，研究发现朋友间的大脑活动模式最为相似。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network.(该研究发表在《自然通讯》上，是首个研究现实世界社交网络中人们神经反应之间联系的研究)”和“Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways(我们的研究结果表明，朋友们以极其相似的方式处理周围的世界)”可知，这项研究是首创的，它检查了人们的神经反应。故选D项。 33．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses in pairs across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network.(该研究分析了280名研究生群体中的友谊或社会关系。研究人员根据相互报告的社会关系来估计个体之间的社会距离。42名学生被要求观看一系列视频，同时他们的大脑活动被功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描仪记录下来。这些视频涵盖了一系列的主题和类型，包括政治、科学、喜剧和音乐视频，预计会产生一系列的反应。每个参与者都按照相同的顺序和相同的指令观看相同的视频。然后，研究人员比较了这组学生中成对神经反应，以确定朋友关系的学生是否比社交网络中关系更远的学生有更相似的大脑活动)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程。故选A项。 34．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章最后一段中“The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning. Even when the researchers controlled variables (变量), including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the analogy (类比) in neural activity among friends was still evident. The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two.(研究结果显示，朋友之间的神经反应相似性最强，这种模式出现在涉及情绪反应和高级推理的大脑区域。即使研究人员控制了变量，包括左撇子或右撇子、年龄、性别、种族和国籍，朋友之间神经活动的类比仍然很明显。研究小组还发现，fMRI反应的相似性不仅可以用来预测一对人是否是朋友，还可以用来预测两人之间的社交距离)”可知，作者在文中介绍了这项研究的内容、过程和发现等，没有表达出明显的个人情感倾向，所以是客观地陈述了研究结果。故选C项。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are.(根据达特茅斯的一项研究发现，朋友对现实世界刺激的神经反应相似，这些相似性可以用来预测谁是你的朋友)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究者们通过分析大脑活动模式来预测人际关系的研究，研究发现朋友间的大脑活动模式最为相似，文章整体围绕通过神经反应揭示友谊的研究展开。故D项“Friendship Seen Through Neural Patterns.(通过神经模式看友谊)”能概括文章内容，适合做文章标题。故选D项。 （本题12.5分）Robot bees, or mechanical bees, are machines created to do the important work of real bees. 36(2.5分) Their popularity is growing because natural bee populations are becoming weaker. While robot bees have some benefits, they also come with certain drawbacks. One major benefit of robot bees is that they are more productive than real bees. Farmers who use these machines can increase their crop yields by 20 to 40 percent compared to those who rely on traditional honey bees. Additionally, robot bees are good at gathering and analyzing data about the crops. 37(2.5分) In this sense, tiny robots could have a big economic impact. Robot bees can also be useful in greenhouses, where they can pollinate (给……授粉) plants without needing to open the space up to the actual wild. 38(2.5分) This offers robot bees a more promising market as they are safer to use in these closed systems. 39(2.5分) There’s this whole food web that is maintained through bees pollinating wildflowers. But robotic bees may not pollinate wildflowers like bees do, unless they are clearly programmed to do so. The wildflower communities would start to collapse, which would then affect all our birds and mammals (哺乳动物). The biggest challenge with robot bees is that they lack the flexibility and skill of real bees. Real bees have evolved (进化) over millions of years to handle various weather conditions, quickly find the right flowers, and manage pollen collection with ease. Even the best robotic systems struggle to match these abilities. 40(2.5分) A．But the noise generated by robot bees can disturb local wildlife. B．Greenhouses are becoming more common as a way to grow food. C．They are used to increase productivity in the agriculture industry. D．Robotic bees are expected to help protect natural bee populations. E．This helps farmers to have more control and make better decisions. F．There is still a long way for robot bees to be fully applied in the field. G．However, robot bees could disturb the given area’s entire ecosystems. 【答案】36．C 37．E 38．B 39．G 40．F 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了机械蜜蜂可助力农业增产、采集作物数据，也适用于温室授粉。但它会破坏生态系统，综合能力远不及天然蜜蜂，目前还难以全面投入应用。 【详解】36．前文“Robot bees, or mechanical bees, are machines created to do the important work of real bees.( 机器人蜜蜂，或称机械蜜蜂，是专为完成真实蜜蜂重要工作而设计的机器。)”提到机器蜜蜂是用来做真正蜜蜂的重要工作的，后文“Their popularity is growing because natural bee populations are becoming weaker.( 随着野生蜂群数量逐渐减少，机器人蜜蜂的受欢迎程度正在上升。)”说它们越来越受欢迎是因为天然蜜蜂数量在减少，C选项“They are used to increase productivity in the agriculture industry.( 它们被用于提高农业产业的生产力。)”既承接了前文机器蜜蜂的用途，又引出下文它们受欢迎的原因，符合语境。 37．前文“Additionally, robot bees are good at gathering and analyzing data about the crops.( 此外，机器人蜜蜂擅长收集和分析有关农作物的数据。)”说机器蜜蜂擅长收集和分析农作物数据，E选项“This helps farmers to have more control and make better decisions.( 这有助于农民更好地控制和做出更好的决策。)”其中“这”指代前文收集和分析数据这件事，符合逻辑。 38．前文“Robot bees can also be useful in greenhouses, where they can pollinate (给……授粉) plants without needing to open the space up to the actual wild.( 机器人蜜蜂在温室中也十分有用，它们可以在不打开温室空间的情况下对植物进行授粉，无需将蜜蜂引入野外。)”提到机器蜜蜂在温室里有用，后文“This offers robot bees a more promising market as they are safer to use in these closed systems.( 这为机器人蜜蜂提供了一个更有前途的市场，因为它们在这些封闭系统中使用更安全。)”说在这些封闭系统中使用它们更安全，B选项“Greenhouses are becoming more common as a way to grow food.( 温室作为一种种植食物的方式正变得越来越普遍。)”解释了为什么温室对机器蜜蜂来说是一个有前景的市场，起到承上启下的作用。 39．后文“There’s this whole food web that is maintained through bees pollinating wildflowers. But robotic bees may not pollinate wildflowers like bees do, unless they are clearly programmed to do so. The wildflower communities would start to collapse, which would then affect all our birds and mammals (哺乳动物).( 有一整套食物网依赖蜜蜂对野花进行授粉来维持。但机器人蜜蜂可能不会像蜜蜂那样为野花传粉，除非它们被明确编程成这样。野花群落将开始崩溃，进而影响我们所有的鸟类和哺乳动物。)”提到通过蜜蜂给野花授粉维持着整个食物网，而机器蜜蜂可能不会像真正的蜜蜂那样给野花授粉，会影响野花群落以及鸟类和哺乳动物，G选项“However, robot bees could disturb the given area’s entire ecosystems.( 然而，机器蜜蜂可能会扰乱特定区域的整个生态系统。)”概括了这一段的主旨，引出下文对机器蜜蜂影响生态系统的阐述。 40．前文“The biggest challenge with robot bees is that they lack the flexibility and skill of real bees. Real bees have evolved (进化) over millions of years to handle various weather conditions, quickly find the right flowers, and manage pollen collection with ease. Even the best robotic systems struggle to match these abilities. ( 机器人蜜蜂面临的最大挑战在于，它们缺乏真正蜜蜂的灵活性和技能。真正的蜜蜂经过数百万年的进化，能够适应各种天气条件，迅速找到合适的花朵，并轻松地完成花粉采集。即便是最先进的机器人系统也难以与这些能力相媲美。)”指出机器蜜蜂缺乏真正蜜蜂的灵活性和技能，真正的蜜蜂经过数百万年进化能应对各种情况，机器蜜蜂难以与之匹敌，F选项“There is still a long way for robot bees to be fully applied in the field.( 机器蜜蜂要在该领域完全应用还有很长的路要走。)”是对前文机器蜜蜂缺点的总结，符合语境。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive, the 41 for flooding, and other useful updates. This is happening because cities are 42 the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better. The number of 43 like these sensors will reach 50 billion by 2020. Cities are complex systems of systems that have always 44 vast amounts of information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated with other 45 to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in useful formats that can change 46 for the better. 47 , in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data needed to 48 city operations. Despite the seeming 49 of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists, considering the shift from desktop computing to mobile devices and tablets. Mobile technology has 50 dramatically in the past decade to the point where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional 51 are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more. This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 52 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps. It also raises complex 53 issues that must be dealt with as we face this new era, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their 54 , not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered. It will be a cooperative and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transformation, to 55 the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades. 41．(1分)A．reason B．potential C．hope D．occasion 42．(1分)A．upgrading B．enlarging C．altering D．employing 43．(1分)A．systems B．applications C．devices D．guides 44．(1分)A．weathered B．generated C．adored D．existed 45．(1分)A．sources B．users C．overseers D．means 46．(1分)A．city living B．urban planning C．traffic flow D．basic facilities 47．(1分)A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Thus 48．(1分)A．guide B．apply C．advise D．order 49．(1分)A．specialty B．need C．decrease D．lack 50．(1分)A．decreased B．reformed C．advanced D．increased 51．(1分)A．talents B．capabilities C．qualities D．performances 52．(1分)A．accidentally B．surprisingly C．willingly D．determinedly 53．(1分)A．confidential B．efficiency C．biological D．social 54．(1分)A．community B．performance C．unity D．recreation 55．(1分)A．overlook B．increase C．predict D．address 【答案】 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．C 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．D 【导语】文章介绍了智慧城市依托传感器、大数据优化城市管理，同时指出老旧城市基建存在不足，随着移动科技进步，普通市民可借助手机参与城市治理，既带来发展机遇，也伴随相关问题，需要多方协作应对城市发展挑战。 【详解】41．考查名词。句意：智慧城市系统向居民播报交通拥堵、下一班公交车的抵达时间、洪水发生的可能性以及其他实用最新消息。A. reason原因；B. potential可能性；C. hope希望；D. occasion场合。根据后文“for flooding”可知，城市预警会提示洪水发生的潜在可能。 42．考查动词。句意：这种情况正在出现，因为各大城市正运用传感器信息流，更好地管理城市系统。A. upgrading升级；B. enlarging扩大；C. altering改变；D. employing使用。根据后文“the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better” 可知，城市在利用传感器信息开展管理工作。 43．考查名词。句意：到2020年，类似传感器这类设备的数量将达到500亿。A. systems系统；B. applications应用；C. devices设备；D. guides指南。根据后文“like these sensors”可知，传感器属于电子设备。 44．考查动词。句意：城市是层层嵌套的复杂系统，一直以来都会产生海量信息。A. weathered经受；B. generated产生；C. adored喜爱；D. existed存在。根据前文“Cities are complex systems of systems”及后文“ vast amounts of information”可知，城市运行会不断产出各类信息。 45．考查名词。句意：来自小型子系统（如城市小型蓄洪区）的流动信息，会与其他信息来源整合，为城市整体运转提供指导。A. sources来源；B. users使用者；C. overseers监督者；D. means方式。根据前文“Information flowing in from many small subsystems”提及各类小型信息系统，对应的是不同的信息来源。 46．考查名词短语。句意：源自复合系统的整合数据，以实用形式呈现给城市管理者，助力城市生活更好发展。A. city living城市生活；B. urban planning城市规划；C. traffic flow车流量；D. basic facilities基础设施。根据前文“city administrators”及“in useful formats”可知，城市管理者以有用的形式利用这些数据肯定会让城市生活变的更好。 47．考查连词。句意：然而，在许多城市，未来的人口增长将会给即便经验丰富的城市管理者带来挑战，许多城市陈旧的基础设施，并不具备收集所需数据的能力，无法指导城市运转。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides此外；C. However然而；D. Thus因此。根据后文“the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data”可知，前文讲述智慧城市的优势，本段转而介绍城市发展难题，前后为转折关系。 48．考查动词。句意同上。A. guide指导；B. apply应用；C. advise建议；D. order命令。根据前文“provide guidance on the overall operation of a city”可知，数据的作用是指导城市运行。 49．考查名词。句意：尽管收集数据的基础设施看似匮乏，但从台式电脑向移动设备转变的趋势下，我们仍有别的解决办法。A. specialty特色；B. need需求；C. decrease减少；D. lack缺乏。根据前文“ the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data”可知，旧基建功能不足，说明数据基建存在短缺问题。 50．考查动词。句意：在过去十年里，移动科技飞速发展，轻薄的智能手机能够收集各类数据，例如位置信息、当地温度以及环境噪音分贝。A. decreased减少；B. reformed改革；C. advanced发展；D. increased增加。根据后文“a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data”可知，手机可多功能采集数据，说明移动技术取得巨大进步。 51．考查名词。句意：此外，在不久的将来，更多功能不难实现，传感器将能够检测化学污染、局部光照、震动强度等指标。A. talents天赋；B. capabilities功能；C. qualities品质；D. performances表现。根据后文“sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more”罗列传感器新增检测功能，说明未来设备有更多功能。 52．考查副词。句意：这将开启一个全新的时代：市民能够参与城市管理，优化城市运行所需的部分数据，在一定程度上由市民通过手机应用自愿提供。A. accidentally意外地；B. surprisingly惊人地；C. willingly自愿地；D. determinedly坚定地。根据前文“citizens are able to participate in city management”可知，市民主动参与城市管理，是自发自愿分享信息。 53．考查形容词。句意：这也催生了复杂的社会问题，在迈入新时代的过程中，这些问题亟待解决。A. confidential机密的；B. efficiency效率；C. biological生物的；D. social社会的。根据前文“citizens are able to participate in city management”可知，全民参与城市治理，涉及大众公共生活，属于社会层面问题。 54．考查名词。句意：但与此同时，这也为市民创造了机会，让大家能够积极参与社区建设：不仅可以上报关键的环境与交通数据，还能主动行动，去解决身边遇到的各类问题。A. community社区；B. performance表现；C. unity团结；D. recreation娱乐。根据前文“for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their”可知，市民日常生活与社区紧密相关，参与治理可以改善社区环境。 55．考查动词。句意：这将是一场协作共建、信息互通的行动，借助信息技术推动社会变革，以应对未来数十年城市日益严峻的各类挑战。A. overlook忽视；B. increase增加；C. predict预测；D. address应对。根据后文“challenges”可知，文章旨在说明合力解决城市发展困境。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qian Qihu, China’s top defence engineering expert, has once again moved many netizens with his charity — donating a total of 500,000 yuan to help children 56(1.5分) (live) in poor conditions. Qian is an academician (院士) from the Chinese Academy of Engineering and also the winner of the 57(1.5分) (high) military award given to individual members of the Chinese military, the August 1 Medal in 2022. Qian, together with his wife and Kunshan Underground Space Technology Research Institute, donated 1 million yuan to Jinhui Charity Fund based in Kunshan, 58(1.5分) (care) for children. He set up the charity fund in 2013, which is named 59(1.5分) his mother and wife, to help excellent students from poor families gain access to schools and quality education. As of now, the program 60(1.5分) (assist) 1,331 students, with funding of about 13.6 million yuan and Qian has 61(1.5分) (personal) donated about 13.38 million yuan. 62(1.5分) (inspire) by the spirit of Qian, many beneficiaries (受助者) have taken him as a role model. “In the future, I hope I can follow his steps and make 63(1.5分) (contribution) to our country,” said a National University of Defence Technology student 64(1.5分) received aid from Qian. Qian has almost donated all his savings to 65(1.5分) charity fund. “I have devoted my whole life to our country and the people,” said Qian. 【答案】 56．living 57．highest 58．to care 59．after 60．has assisted 61．personally 62．Inspired 63．contributions 64．who/that 65．the 【导语】主要讲述我国国防工程专家钱七虎院士投身慈善事业，捐款帮扶贫困学子，受助者也深受其精神感召。 【详解】56．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国顶尖国防工程专家钱七虎再一次用他的善举感动了众多网友——共计捐赠50万元帮助生活在贫困环境中的孩子。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，live与逻辑主语children之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词living。 57．考查形容词最高级。句意：钱七虎是中国工程院院士，也是2022年授予中国军队个人的最高军事奖项八一勋章获得者。结合句意以及空前的定冠词“the”可知，此处要用形容词high的最高级highest修饰名词military award，表示“最高的”。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：钱七虎连同妻子以及昆山地下空间技术研究院，向位于昆山的金辉慈善基金会捐赠100万元，用于关爱儿童。此处为非谓语动词作状语，表示捐款的目的，所以用动词不定式to care作目的状语。 59．考查介词。句意：他在2013年设立该慈善基金会，基金会以他的母亲和妻子的名字命名，帮助贫困家庭的优秀学生获得入学机会与优质教育。此处为固定搭配name after，意为“以……命名”，所以此处为介词after。 60．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，该项目已经资助1331名学生，资助金额约1360万元，钱七虎个人捐赠约1338万元。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语As of now可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的结果，要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语the program是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has assisted。 61．考查副词。句意：到目前为止，该项目已经资助1331名学生，资助金额约1360万元，钱七虎个人捐赠约1338万元。此处修饰动词donated，需要使用副词作状语，personal的副词形式为personally，意为“亲自，个人地”。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到钱七虎精神的鼓舞，许多受助者把他当作榜样。此处为非谓语动词作状语，inspire与逻辑主语many beneficiaries之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词inspired，位于句首，首字母需大写。 63．考查名词复数。句意：一名获得钱七虎资助的国防科技大学学生说：“将来，我希望能够追随他的脚步，为我们的国家做出贡献。”此处为名词作宾语，固定搭配make contributions to，意为“为……做贡献”，要用名词复数形式，所以此处为contributions。 64．考查定语从句关系词。句意：一名获得钱七虎资助的国防科技大学学生说：“将来，我希望能够追随他的脚步，为我们的国家做出贡献。”此处为关系词引导定语从句，先行词是student，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以此处为关系代词who/that。 65．考查冠词。句意：钱七虎几乎把自己全部积蓄都捐赠给了这个慈善基金会。charity fund此处特指上文已经提到过的金辉慈善基金会，为特指，所以用定冠词the。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你的外籍同学Peter对中国杰出人物很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，介绍一位你最敬佩的中国人物，内容包括： 1.人物基本信息； 2.主要事迹与贡献； 3.你敬佩他/她的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 Dear Peter, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文 Dear Peter, I’m excited to hear that you’re interested in China’s great figures. The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice.” To begin with, born in 1930, Yuan devoted his whole life to agricultural science. In the 1970s, he successfully developed the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain, which dramatically increased rice production. His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, lifting countless people out of hunger. In addition, what I admire most is his perseverance and humility. Despite his monumental achievements, he continued working in the fields like an ordinary farmer, always saying that his dream was to see rice growing as tall as sorghum. He proved that science can change the world, and his down-to-earth spirit inspires me to pursue my own goals with patience and dedication. Finally, if you want to know more, I’d love to share a book about him. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外籍同学Peter写封邮件，介绍一位自己最敬佩的中国人物，讲述其基本信息、主要事迹和贡献，以及敬佩原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的、激动的：excited→thrilled/ 提高、增加：increase→boost 普通的：ordinary→common 激励：inspire→motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, lifting countless people out of hunger. 拓展句：His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, which lifted countless people out of hunger. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the 1970s, he successfully developed the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain, which dramatically increased rice production.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In addition, what I admire most is his perseverance and humility.（运用了what引导的主语从句） 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Among villagers lived Mark, an odd, thin, short man. Because Mark preferred his ideas for inventions to hard work in a field, he was often laughed at by the villagers. Fortunately, he didn’t have to work in the field, as his grandfather hired him to work at his blacksmith’s workshop. In his spare moments, Mark would devote himself to his inventions. A year ago, his grandfather made a kettle. Once he was waiting for the water to start boiling in the kettle, he saw the steam come out of the kettle and thought, “The steam comes out at pretty high speed. Could a huge kettle produce enough steam to drive a windmill?” It took him four months to create something like a steam engine. Mark continued thinking, “I’ll add wings, and it will be able to fly.” Mark built a wooden construction of an air vehicle and he powered the wings with the steam engine. Wings were waving just as birds do; however, the air vehicle didn’t go up even a little. The trial of starting the air vehicle lasted an hour and completely failed. “Hah! I told you that you wouldn’t make it!” his grandfather said, and many villagers laughed at him. But Mark didn’t mind that; he gathered all the courage and was determined to make a change. He went to the big bookstore in a faraway city and bought books on aircraft construction. He even bought back some parts and used metal sheets from the junkyards. Mark started studying the pictures more exactly. He built a fuselage (机身) with wheels, and he mounted a big airscrew (螺旋桨) on it. He worked hard to gather all the parts needed for the plane according to the drawings. It took Mark another six months to complete his plane. Despite the doubtfulness of his grandfather and other villagers, Mark transported the plane to a cliff atop the mountain with the help of friends. He believed pretty strong winds would significantly help his plane fly and he also believed he could make it this time. Paragraph 1: After getting everything ready, Mark got into his plane with a mixture of excitement and nervousness. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Fifteen minutes later, the plane landed by the riverside safely. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: After getting everything ready, Mark got into his plane with a mixture of excitement and nervousness. He felt the weight of his dream resting on his shoulders. He started the engine, and the plane was seen slowly sliding down the cliff. Despite the heavy weight of the fuselage, his plane was able to fly. How happy Mark was! The engine worked pretty well, and the plane made several circles above the village. Looking down below, Mark noticed many villagers jumping and waving to him as if they were celebrating. Paragraph 2: Fifteen minutes later, the plane landed by the riverside safely. The villagers all ran there cheering, and Mark saw his grandfather as well, who gave him the thumbs-up sign. The villagers all regarded him as a hero. As Mark watched the sun setting over the horizon, he saw a new world and he felt a desire to reach it. He knew that this was just the beginning of his journey into the realms of invention and discovery. With newfound confidence, he resolved to continue pushing the boundaries of what was possible, fueled by his unshakable belief in the power of innovation. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了马克热衷发明，首次尝试失败后，他继续努力，最终成功让飞机起飞的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“准备好一切后，马克既兴奋又紧张地上了飞机。”可知，第一段可描写马克第一次试飞成功，村民们为他欢呼。 ②由第二段首句内容“十五分钟后，飞机安全降落在河边。”可知，第二段可描写马克成功降落，得到了村民们的认可，他决心继续创新。 2. 续写线索：Mark上飞机——飞机成功起飞——村民欢呼——飞机安全降落——村民认可——Mark决心继续创新 3. 词汇激活 行为类： ①滑行：sliding down/gliding down ②起飞：fly/take off ③竖起大拇指：give him the thumbs-up sign/show approval with a thumbs-up 情绪类： ①高兴的：happy/delighted/pleased ②自信：confidence/self-assurance 【点睛】【高分句型1】Looking down below, Mark noticed many villagers jumping and waving to him as if they were celebrating. (运用了as if引导的状语从句) 【高分句型2】The villagers all ran there cheering, and Mark saw his grandfather as well, who gave him the thumbs-up sign. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 2 / 2 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $