Unit 8 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle（知识清单）英语新教材鲁教版九年级全一册

Unit 8 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、环保术语： 1. pollution（污染） 2. chemical（化学制品） 3. smog（烟雾） 4. global（全球的） 5. pollute（污染） 6. environmental（自然环境的） 7. disturb（打扰） 8. smelly（有臭味的） 二、环保措施： 1. reuse（再次使用） 2. recycle（回收利用） 3. disposal（去掉） 4. ban（明令禁止） 5. clean-up（清扫） 6. bury（覆盖） 7. landfill（垃圾填埋地） 8. bin（垃圾箱） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. throw away（扔掉） 2. donate... to...（把...捐给...） 3. deal with（处理） 4. be caused（由...引起） 5. get trapped（被困住） 6. suffer from（受...折磨） 7. make sure（确保） 8. take action（采取行动） 9. stop... from doing...（阻止...做...） 10. clean up（清理干净） 11. get used to doing sth.（习惯做某事） 12. leave behind（留下） 13. come up with（想出） 二、名词短语 1. air pollution（空气污染） 2. water pollution（水污染） 3. light pollution（光污染） 三、形容词短语 1. global warming（全球变暖） 2. be harmful to（对...有害） 3. be proud of（为...自豪） 句 型 一、环境现状： 1. The fish disappeared because the water was dirty. （鱼消失了，因为水很脏。） 2. We cannot solve the problem unless we work together. （除非一起努力，否则我们无法解决这个问题。） 3. I heard it is even celebrated in other countries like Malaysia and Singapore. （我听说甚至在马来西亚、新加坡等其他国家也庆祝这个节日。） 4. The locals rowed boats and threw rice into the river to keep fish away from his body. （当地人划着船，把米扔进河里，让鱼远离他的身体。） 5. People go into the streets and throw water at each other. （人们走上街头，互相泼水。） 二、环保措施： 1. We should buy only the food we need. （我们应该只买需要的食物。） 2. Glass bottles can be reused many times. （玻璃瓶可以重复使用很多次。） 3. The waste is sorted as soon as it arrives. （垃圾一运到就被分类。） 4. While recycling is useful, reducing waste is also important. （虽然回收利用有用，但减少垃圾也很重要。） 语法 宾语从句 写作 谈一谈你对环保的看法 一、知识点精讲 1、donate /dəʊˈneɪt/v. 捐赠；捐献 【课本例句】 We can also donate our clothes, books, and toys to people who need them. 我们也可以把衣物、书籍和玩具捐给需要它们的人。 【详解】donate sth. to sb. 把某物捐赠给某人 【词形变换】donation n. 捐赠物；捐款 【例句】 We donate some money to the poor kids. 我们给贫困孩子捐一些钱。 2、everyone /ˈevriwʌn /pron. 每人；人人 【详解】everyone是符合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。 【例句】 Everyone likes the interesting film. 每个人都喜欢这部有趣的电影。 【拓展】 常见不定代词 some any every no someone anyone everyone no one somebody anybody everybody nobody something anything everything nothing somewhere anywhere everywhere nowhere 3、parts of 【课本例句】 Back then, parts of the river were smelly because of the waste from factories and homes. 那时候，部分河段散发着臭味，原因是来自工厂和家庭的废弃物。 【详解】parts of ...的部分区域，该短语使用时遵循主谓一致原则，即：parts of + 名词作主语时，中心词是 parts（复数），谓语动词用复数形式。 【例句】 Parts of the book are very interesting. 这本书的部分内容很有趣。 4、steady /ˈstedi/ adj. 稳定的；稳固的 【课本例句】 Now he feels happy because he has a good job and a steady income. 现在他很开心，因为他拥有一份不错的工作和稳定的收入。 【考点补充】 steady income 稳定收入 steady growth 稳定增长 【例句】 He has a steady job in the government. 他在政府部门有一份稳定的工作。 二、核心语法精讲 宾语从句 引导词 从句为陈述句时，引导词为that He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词为if / whether I want to know if / whether he lives here. 从句为特殊疑问句时，引导词为对应的特殊疑问词 Can you tell me where the No. 2 bus stop is? 时态 主过从过 She said, “They will fly to New York next week.” ——She said (that) they would fly to New York next week. 主现从任意 She says, “They will fly to New York next week.” ——She says (that) they will fly to New York next week. 从客永现 Our teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound. 语序 从句用陈述句语序 I think (that) you will like this place very soon. 状语从句 时间状语从句 when When I arrived home, my mother had already finished dinner. while The storm came while we were sleeping. 原因状语从句 because Jack was late because the weather was so terrible. as As the local hospital is poor, he needs to be sent to Beijing for further treatment. 地点状语从句 where Make a mark where you have a question. 目的状语从句 so that Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. 结果状语从句 so... that He got up so early that he could catch the first bus. 条件状语从句 if（主将从现） If it rain tomorrow, we’ll have to stay at home. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 主题：环保问题 话题核心：陈述环境现状，描述环境问题，提出解决措施与倡议。 文体类型：说明文+议论文 核心语法考点：一般现在时为主 2. 写作框架 （1）开头部分，描述现状。 （2）中间部分，陈述环境问题，提出解决措施。 （3）结尾部分，提出倡议与呼吁。 3. 写作素材 【短语】 1、 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2、 处理；应对deal with 2、起初；一开始at first 3、习惯于be used to 4、遭受……之苦suffer from 5、为……感到骄傲be proud of 6、想出（办法）come up with 7、丢下；忘了带leave behind 8、把……冲到岸上wash up 9、由……引起be caused by 10、结果as a result 11、采取行动take action 12、设立；建立set up 13、加入我们的队伍join our teams 14、把...分成不同的组organize... into different groups 15、践行三 R 原则follow the three Rs 16、与……合作cooperate with 17、对……有害be harmful to 18、捡垃圾pick up rubbish 19、减少废物reduce our waste 【句型】 Most of the litter is left by people who go there to enjoy themselves. The problem is becoming more and more serious. We should take action before it is too late. The government should set up more rubbish bins. It is our duty to protect the environment. 4. 范文背诵 My favourite festival Today, I’d love to tell you about my favorite Chinese festival—the Mid-Autumn Festival. It falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. It is a special festival for family reunion. When the night comes, my whole family get together to have a big dinner. We also eat round mooncakes, and we admire the bright full moon in the yard. Although the mooncakes are a little sweet, they are the symbol of family love. This festival reminds us to cherish the time with our relatives. I hope you can come to China and experience this warm festival with me one day. 易错点01 the number of / a number of 【错因辨析】 the number of的意思为“...的数量”，谓语动词要用单数形式。 而a number of的意思为“很多”，谓语动词要用复数形式。 【例句】 The number of pandas is getting smaller. A number of pandas are living in Sichuan. 【对点训练】 1、As a result, the number of animals in the forest ______ (be) dropping quickly. 【答案】was 【详解】主语核心是 the number，为单数概念，主谓一致用单数形式；结合课文描述过去的语境，用一般过去时 was。 2、______ fish in the river is increasing ______ the better environment. A. A number of; because B. The number of; because C. A number of; because of D. The number of; because of 【答案】D 【详解】第一空：谓语动词是 is（单数），说明主语是单数概念，用 the number of（…… 的数量，中心词是 number，表单数）；a number of 后接复数名词，谓语用复数，排除 A、C。 第二空：空格后是名词短语 the better environment，用介词短语 because of；because 后必须接完整句子，排除 B。 1、 单项选择 1．The main threats to oceans include plastic pollution and ________ change. A．weather B．climate C．season D．temperature 【答案】B 【详解】句意：海洋面临的主要威胁包括塑料污染和气候变化。 weather天气；climate气候；season季节；temperature温度。根据“The main threats to oceans”及环保常识可知，此处指全球性的长期环境变化，固定搭配climate change意为“气候变化”，应填climate。 2．My parents say it’s much more fun ________ camping with some ________ equipment. A．go, indoors B．to go, indoor C．to go, outdoor D．going, outdoors 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的父母说带着一些户外设备去露营有更多乐趣。 考查非谓语动词。表达“做某事是有乐趣的”用短语“it is fun to do”，“it”是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。表达“去露营”用动词不定式“to go camping”。indoor室内的，户内的，形容词；indoors室内，副词；outdoor室外的，户外的，形容词；outdoors室外，副词。名词“equipment”用形容词修饰，根据“camping”可知表达“户外的设备”，用形容词“outdoor”作定语。故选C。 3．—Do you know ? —We can try to reduce waste, reuse or recycle things. A．why can we live a green life B．how we can live a green life C．why we can live a green life D．how can we live a green life 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道我们怎样才能过绿色的生活吗？——我们可以努力减少垃圾，重复使用和回收利用东西。 考查宾语从句。作为动词know后的宾语从句，用陈述语序，排查AD两项。根据“We can try to reduce waste, reuse or recycle things.”可知，此处询问过绿色生活的方式，因此用疑问词how，故选B。 4．—________ do you like our environment next year? —There will be more pollution and ________ clean water. A．How; less B．What; less C．What; fewer D．How; fewer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得明年我们的环境怎么样？——将会有更多的污染和更少的干净水。 第一空，询问对某事物的看法或印象，常用句型“How do you like...?”意为“你觉得……怎么样？”，而“What do you like...?”意为“你喜欢什么？”，不符合语境。第二空，water是不可数名词，less意为“更少的”，修饰不可数名词；fewer意为“更少的”，修饰可数名词复数。根据water可知应该用less。应填How；less。 5．There will be ________ pollution and ________ trees in our city soon. A．less; more B．fewer; more C．more; less D．fewer; less 【答案】A 【详解】句意：很快我们的城市将会有更少的污染和更多的树木。 less更少的（不可数）；more更多的；fewer更少的（可数）。第一空修饰pollution（不可数名词），表示“更少的”应用less；第二空修饰trees（可数名词复数），表示“更多的”应用more。 6．More than two ________ people take part in the activity to help protect the environment every year. A．million B．millions C．million of D．millions of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年有超过两百万人参加这项帮助保护环境的活动。 million前面有具体数字修饰时，用单数形式，后面不加of；表示概数“成千上万的”时，用millions of。本题空前有具体数字“two”，所以million用单数且不加of。 7．We need to ________ the park to make it clean and beautiful. A．look up B．clean up C．get up D．stand up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要打扫干净公园，使它干净又漂亮。 look up查阅；clean up打扫干净；get up起床；stand up起立。根据句中“to make it clean and beautiful”使它干净又漂亮可知，前句强调需要把公园“清理干净”，应填clean up。 8．Noise pollution will not only cause hearing problems ________ harm animals in the ocean. A．but also B．and also C．as well 【答案】A 【详解】句意：噪音污染不仅会造成听力问题，还会伤害海洋里的动物。 not only…but also…为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列谓语。没有not only… and also … 这个搭配。as well意为 “也”，一般放在句末，也不和not only搭配。 9．The government has made new laws for the ________ of wild animals, hoping their number will ________ in the coming years. A．increase; protection B．protection; increase C．protecting; increase D．protection; increasing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：政府已经制定了保护野生动物的新法律，希望它们的数量在未来几年会增加。 考查名词和动词的用法。protection保护（名词）；protecting保护（动名词或现在分词）；increase增加（动词）；increasing增加（动名词或现在分词）。定冠词“the”后需接名词，“protection”是名词，构成“for the protection of...”的固定搭配，意为“为了……的保护”；情态动词“will”后需接动词原形，“increase”为动词原形，符合语法规则。故选B。 10．Many trees ________ in our city every spring, and it makes our environment better. A．will be planted B．are planted C．were planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年春天我们城市都会种植许多树，这让我们的环境更好。 根据时间状语“every spring”可知，动作是经常发生的习惯性行为，时态为一般现在时；主语“Many trees”与“plant”之间为被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”。主语是复数，be动词用are。 2、 单词拼写 11．Reducing, reusing and recycling rubbish ________ (be) all important ways. 【答案】are 【详解】句意：减少、再利用和回收垃圾都是重要的办法。本句是三个动名词Reducing, reusing and recycling由and并列作主语，即主语是复数。描述客观事实用一般现在时，应填are。 12．Water pollution results in a lack of ________ (cleanly) drinking water. 【答案】clean 【详解】句意：水污染导致洁净的饮用水短缺。空格后是名词drinking water，需用形容词修饰。 cleanly是副词，其形容词形式为clean。 13．The natural environment ________ (suffer) greatly because of water pollution. 【答案】has suffered 【详解】句意：由于水污染，自然环境已经遭受了严重的破坏。主语the natural environment属于单数，水污染带来的损害从过去延续至今，需要使用现在完成时；现在完成时单数主语结构为“has + 动词过去分词”，suffer的过去分词为suffered，故填has suffered。 14．We should avoid ________ (bother) others without good reason. 【答案】bothering 【详解】句意：我们应该避免没有正当理由打扰他人。根据avoid及空格后bother提示，avoid后接动名词作宾语，构成avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”。bother的动名词形式为bothering。 15．It’s harmful to stay in a ________ (pollute) environment for too long. 【答案】polluted 【详解】句意：待在被污染的环境里太久是有害的。空格处应填形容词修饰名词“environment”。“pollute”的过去分词形式“polluted”可作形容词，意为 “被污染的”，符合语境。故填polluted。 3、 短文填空 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 A Each year, billions of pounds of garbage ends up in the oceans. Sometimes people throw away water 16 (bottle) or other plastic. They do not recycle their garbage. People may not know that wind and rain can move garbage from land to sea. Plastic takes a very long time 17 (break) down. It can remain in the ocean for 18 (hundred) of years. Plastic pieces are very 19 (danger) to sea animals. One group, Washed Ashore, 20 (come) up with a new idea to tell people about the problems in the ocean. First, they took the garbage from a beach. Then, they cleaned and sorted it. 21 (final), they worked with the plastic pieces to make huge works of art. The artwork was mostly of sea creatures (生物). So far Washed Ashore 22 (create) more than seventy of these works of art. Some of them 23 (travel) in a show all over the world now. Each piece 24 (show) the effects of trash. In one show, people learn how plastic fools fish and other sea animals. They think that the plastic is food. Then they eat it, and get very sick or even die. This would not happen if people used 25 (little) plastic and did not litter. The plastic would not end up in the ocean. 【答案】 16．bottles 17．to break 18．hundreds 19．dangerous 20．came 21．Finally 22．has created 23．are traveling/ are travelling 24．shows 25．less 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了海洋垃圾（特别是塑料垃圾）对环境的危害，以及一个名为“Washed Ashore”的团体如何通过收集海洋垃圾制作艺术品来唤起人们环保意识的故事。文章强调了减少塑料使用和垃圾分类的重要性。 【详解】16．句意：有时人们扔掉水瓶或其他塑料。根据后文“or other plastic”以及常识，人们扔掉的瓶子通常不止一个，且bottle是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词a/an，故应用复数形式bottles。 17．句意：塑料需要很长时间才能分解。固定句型“It takes sb./sth. + time + to do sth.”表示“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间”。此处作真正的主语，故填to break。 18．句意：它可以在海洋中存留数百年。固定短语“hundreds of”意为“成百上千的，数以百计的”，表示模糊的数量。故填hundreds。 19．句意：塑料碎片对海洋动物非常危险。句中be动词are后接形容词作表语，构成短语be dangerous to...“对……有危险”。danger是名词，其形容词形式为dangerous。 20．句意：一个名为“Washed Ashore”的团体想出了一个新主意。根据上下文（如 took, cleaned, sorted 等动词均为过去式），整篇文章是在讲述过去发生的事情，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时came。 21．句意：最后，他们用塑料碎片制作了巨大的艺术作品。此处位于句首，用逗号与句子隔开，修饰整个句子，表示时间顺序的最后一步，应用副词Finally。注意首字母大写。 22．句意：到目前为止，“Washed Ashore”已经创作了七十多件这样的艺术作品。句首的时间状语“So far”是现在完成时的标志性词汇，结构为have/has + done。主语One group视为单数整体（或者看作集合名词），故填has created。 23．句意：其中一些作品目前正在世界各地的展览中巡展。句末的时间状语 “now”提示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时be doing。主语Some of them指代works of art，为复数，故填are traveling (或travelling)。 24．句意：每一件作品都展示了垃圾的影响。此处描述的是客观事实或作品本身的功能，应用一般现在时。主语Each piece是单数第三人称，故谓语动词用shows。 25．句意：如果人们使用更少的塑料并且不乱扔垃圾，这就不会发生。根据语境，这里是建议人们比现在使用“更少”的塑料，暗含比较之意，且 little 的比较级为less。故填less。 B We produce a lot of rubbish every day. Where does all the rubbish go? Scientists have made an upside-down pyramid of the different ways 26 (deal) with rubbish. In cities, you seldom see rubbish in open areas 27 people usually collect rubbish and send it to landfills. In some landfills, waste is treated to make it less harmful before it’s 28 (bury). Once a landfill is full, people cover it with soil 29 (safe). A park or playground can be built on top of it then. Another way to deal with rubbish is to burn it. This produces not only energy but also 30 (harm) gases. In some places, these gases are cleaned before they are let off. In the middle of the pyramid is 31 (recycle). This means using rubbish to make new products. For example, people break up waste paper and mix it with water to make new paper. 32 (reuse) is another effective way to deal with rubbish. This means using “waste” in another way. Buying or selling second-hand things online is 33 good example. Waste prevention is at the top 34 the pyramid. It means not producing rubbish in the first place. For example, say no to throwaway plastic cups at the 35 (begin). Choose a glass instead! You can use it over and over again. 【答案】 26．to deal 27．because 28．buried 29．safely 30．harmful 31．recycling 32．Reusing 33．a 34．of 35．beginning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍垃圾处理倒金字塔模型，依次讲解填埋、焚烧、回收、重复利用、源头减废五种垃圾处理方式及其操作与特点。 【详解】26．句意：科学家制作了一个倒金字塔，展示处理垃圾的不同方法。ways是名词，后面需要不定式作后置定语修饰ways，固定搭配the way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”，deal为动词原形，需变为不定式to deal。 27．句意：在城市里你很少在露天看到垃圾，因为人们通常会收集垃圾并送往垃圾填埋场。前半句“很少见到露天垃圾”是结果，后半句解释原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 28．句意：在一些填埋场，垃圾在被填埋前会经过处理，降低危害性。主语waste和bury是被动关系，被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”，bury的过去分词是buried。 29．句意：一旦填埋场填满，人们会用泥土将它安全覆盖。动词cover需要副词修饰，safe是形容词，副词形式为safely，表示“安全地”。 30．句意：这种方式不仅产生能源，还会产生有害气体。名词gases前需要形容词修饰，harm是名词/动词，形容词形式为harmful，意为“有害的”。 31．句意：金字塔中间一层是回收利用。本句为倒装句，正常语序为“Recycling is in the middle of the pyramid”，动名词recycling指代“回收”这件事。 32．句意：重复利用是另一种有效的垃圾处理方式。空格在句首作主语，动词reuse需变为动名词reusing，句首字母大写。 33．句意：线上买卖二手物品就是一个很好的例子。example是可数名词单数，good以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表“一个”。 34．句意：源头减废位于金字塔最顶端。固定搭配at the top of...意为“在……的顶部”，用介词of表所属关系。 35．句意：例如，一开始就拒绝一次性塑料杯。固定短语at the beginning意为“起初、一开始”，begin 是动词，名词形式为beginning。 $Unit 8 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、环保术语： 1. ________（污染） 2. ________（化学制品） 3. ________（烟雾） 4. ________（全球的） 5. ________（污染） 6. ________（自然环境的） 7. ________（打扰） 8. ________（有臭味的） 二、环保措施： 1. ________（再次使用） 2. ________（回收利用） 3. ________（去掉） 4. ________（明令禁止） 5. ________（清扫） 6. ________（覆盖） 7. ________（垃圾填埋地） 8. ________（垃圾箱） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. ____________________（扔掉） 2. ____________________（把...捐给...） 3. ____________________（处理） 4. ____________________（由...引起） 5. ____________________（被困住） 6. ____________________（受...折磨） 7. ____________________（确保） 8. ____________________（采取行动） 9. ____________________（阻止...做...） 10. ____________________（清理干净） 11. ____________________（习惯做某事） 12. ____________________（留下） 13. ____________________（想出） 二、名词短语 1. ____________________（空气污染） 2. ____________________（水污染） 3. ____________________（光污染） 三、形容词短语 1. ____________________（全球变暖） 2. ____________________（对...有害） 3. ____________________（为...自豪） 句 型 一、环境现状： 1. ___________________________________________________________________ （鱼消失了，因为水很脏。） 2. ___________________________________________________________________ （除非一起努力，否则我们无法解决这个问题。） 3. ___________________________________________________________________ （我听说甚至在马来西亚、新加坡等其他国家也庆祝这个节日。） 4. ___________________________________________________________________ （当地人划着船，把米扔进河里，让鱼远离他的身体。） 5. ___________________________________________________________________ （人们走上街头，互相泼水。） 二、环保措施： 1. ___________________________________________________________________ （我们应该只买需要的食物。） 2. ___________________________________________________________________ （玻璃瓶可以重复使用很多次。） 3. ___________________________________________________________________ （垃圾一运到就被分类。） 4. ___________________________________________________________________ （虽然回收利用有用，但减少垃圾也很重要。） 语法 宾语从句、状语从句 写作 谈一谈你对环保的看法 一、知识点精讲 1、donate /dəʊˈneɪt/v. 捐赠；捐献 【课本例句】 We can also donate our clothes, books, and toys to people who need them. 我们也可以把衣物、书籍和玩具捐给需要它们的人。 【详解】donate sth. to sb. 把某物捐赠给某人 【词形变换】donation n. 捐赠物；捐款 【例句】 We donate some money to the poor kids. 我们给贫困孩子捐一些钱。 2、everyone /ˈevriwʌn /pron. 每人；人人 【详解】everyone是符合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。 【例句】 Everyone likes the interesting film. 每个人都喜欢这部有趣的电影。 【拓展】 常见不定代词 some any every no someone anyone everyone no one somebody anybody everybody nobody something anything everything nothing somewhere anywhere everywhere nowhere 3、parts of 【课本例句】 Back then, parts of the river were smelly because of the waste from factories and homes. 那时候，部分河段散发着臭味，原因是来自工厂和家庭的废弃物。 【详解】parts of ...的部分区域，该短语使用时遵循主谓一致原则，即：parts of + 名词作主语时，中心词是 parts（复数），谓语动词用复数形式。 【例句】 Parts of the book are very interesting. 这本书的部分内容很有趣。 4、steady /ˈstedi/ adj. 稳定的；稳固的 【课本例句】 Now he feels happy because he has a good job and a steady income. 现在他很开心，因为他拥有一份不错的工作和稳定的收入。 【考点补充】 steady income 稳定收入 steady growth 稳定增长 【例句】 He has a steady job in the government. 他在政府部门有一份稳定的工作。 二、核心语法精讲 宾语从句 引导词 从句为陈述句时，引导词为that He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词为if / whether I want to know if / whether he lives here. 从句为特殊疑问句时，引导词为对应的特殊疑问词 Can you tell me where the No. 2 bus stop is? 时态 主过从过 She said, “They will fly to New York next week.” ——She said (that) they would fly to New York next week. 主现从任意 She says, “They will fly to New York next week.” ——She says (that) they will fly to New York next week. 从客永现 Our teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound. 语序 从句用陈述句语序 I think (that) you will like this place very soon. 状语从句 时间状语从句 when When I arrived home, my mother had already finished dinner. while The storm came while we were sleeping. 原因状语从句 because Jack was late because the weather was so terrible. as As the local hospital is poor, he needs to be sent to Beijing for further treatment. 地点状语从句 where Make a mark where you have a question. 目的状语从句 so that Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. 结果状语从句 so... that He got up so early that he could catch the first bus. 条件状语从句 if（主将从现） If it rain tomorrow, we’ll have to stay at home. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 主题：环保问题 话题核心：陈述环境现状，描述环境问题，提出解决措施与倡议。 文体类型：说明文+议论文 核心语法考点：一般现在时为主 2. 写作框架 （1）开头部分，描述现状。 （2）中间部分，陈述环境问题，提出解决措施。 （3）结尾部分，提出倡议与呼吁。 3. 写作素材 【短语】 1、 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2、 处理；应对deal with 2、起初；一开始at first 3、习惯于be used to 4、遭受……之苦suffer from 5、为……感到骄傲be proud of 6、想出（办法）come up with 7、丢下；忘了带leave behind 8、把……冲到岸上wash up 9、由……引起be caused by 10、结果as a result 11、采取行动take action 12、设立；建立set up 13、加入我们的队伍join our teams 14、把...分成不同的组organize... into different groups 15、践行三 R 原则follow the three Rs 16、与……合作cooperate with 17、对……有害be harmful to 18、捡垃圾pick up rubbish 19、减少废物reduce our waste 【句型】 Most of the litter is left by people who go there to enjoy themselves. The problem is becoming more and more serious. We should take action before it is too late. The government should set up more rubbish bins. It is our duty to protect the environment. 4. 范文背诵 My favourite festival Today, I’d love to tell you about my favorite Chinese festival—the Mid-Autumn Festival. It falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. It is a special festival for family reunion. When the night comes, my whole family get together to have a big dinner. We also eat round mooncakes, and we admire the bright full moon in the yard. Although the mooncakes are a little sweet, they are the symbol of family love. This festival reminds us to cherish the time with our relatives. I hope you can come to China and experience this warm festival with me one day. 易错点01 the number of / a number of 【错因辨析】 the number of的意思为“...的数量”，谓语动词要用单数形式。 而a number of的意思为“很多”，谓语动词要用复数形式。 【例句】 The number of pandas is getting smaller. A number of pandas are living in Sichuan. 【对点训练】 1、As a result, the number of animals in the forest ______ (be) dropping quickly. 2、______ fish in the river is increasing ______ the better environment. A. A number of; because B. The number of; because C. A number of; because of D. The number of; because of 1、 单项选择 1．The main threats to oceans include plastic pollution and ________ change. A．weather B．climate C．season D．temperature 2．My parents say it’s much more fun ________ camping with some ________ equipment. A．go, indoors B．to go, indoor C．to go, outdoor D．going, outdoors 3．—Do you know ? —We can try to reduce waste, reuse or recycle things. A．why can we live a green life B．how we can live a green life C．why we can live a green life D．how can we live a green life 4．—________ do you like our environment next year? —There will be more pollution and ________ clean water. A．How; less B．What; less C．What; fewer D．How; fewer 5．There will be ________ pollution and ________ trees in our city soon. A．less; more B．fewer; more C．more; less D．fewer; less 6．More than two ________ people take part in the activity to help protect the environment every year. A．million B．millions C．million of D．millions of 7．We need to ________ the park to make it clean and beautiful. A．look up B．clean up C．get up D．stand up 8．Noise pollution will not only cause hearing problems ________ harm animals in the ocean. A．but also B．and also C．as well 9．The government has made new laws for the ________ of wild animals, hoping their number will ________ in the coming years. A．increase; protection B．protection; increase C．protecting; increase D．protection; increasing 10．Many trees ________ in our city every spring, and it makes our environment better. A．will be planted B．are planted C．were planted 2、 单词拼写 11．Reducing, reusing and recycling rubbish ________ (be) all important ways. 12．Water pollution results in a lack of ________ (cleanly) drinking water. 13．The natural environment ________ (suffer) greatly because of water pollution. 14．We should avoid ________ (bother) others without good reason. 15．It’s harmful to stay in a ________ (pollute) environment for too long. 3、 短文填空 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 A Each year, billions of pounds of garbage ends up in the oceans. Sometimes people throw away water 16 (bottle) or other plastic. They do not recycle their garbage. People may not know that wind and rain can move garbage from land to sea. Plastic takes a very long time 17 (break) down. It can remain in the ocean for 18 (hundred) of years. Plastic pieces are very 19 (danger) to sea animals. One group, Washed Ashore, 20 (come) up with a new idea to tell people about the problems in the ocean. First, they took the garbage from a beach. Then, they cleaned and sorted it. 21 (final), they worked with the plastic pieces to make huge works of art. The artwork was mostly of sea creatures (生物). So far Washed Ashore 22 (create) more than seventy of these works of art. Some of them 23 (travel) in a show all over the world now. Each piece 24 (show) the effects of trash. In one show, people learn how plastic fools fish and other sea animals. They think that the plastic is food. Then they eat it, and get very sick or even die. This would not happen if people used 25 (little) plastic and did not litter. The plastic would not end up in the ocean. B We produce a lot of rubbish every day. Where does all the rubbish go? Scientists have made an upside-down pyramid of the different ways 26 (deal) with rubbish. In cities, you seldom see rubbish in open areas 27 people usually collect rubbish and send it to landfills. In some landfills, waste is treated to make it less harmful before it’s 28 (bury). Once a landfill is full, people cover it with soil 29 (safe). A park or playground can be built on top of it then. Another way to deal with rubbish is to burn it. This produces not only energy but also 30 (harm) gases. In some places, these gases are cleaned before they are let off. In the middle of the pyramid is 31 (recycle). This means using rubbish to make new products. For example, people break up waste paper and mix it with water to make new paper. 32 (reuse) is another effective way to deal with rubbish. This means using “waste” in another way. Buying or selling second-hand things online is 33 good example. Waste prevention is at the top 34 the pyramid. It means not producing rubbish in the first place. For example, say no to throwaway plastic cups at the 35 (begin). Choose a glass instead! You can use it over and over again. $