Unit 4 词汇备课讲义 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级下册

新版沪教牛津九年级下册

Unit 4 词汇备课讲义

1. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震

 

 近义词：quake n.地震

 

 词性转换：earth‑quake（合成词）

 

 固定搭配：a big/strong earthquake 大地震；survive an earthquake 在地震中幸存

 

 例句1：A terrible earthquake hit this area many years ago.

翻译：很多年前一场可怕的地震袭击了这个地区。

 

 例句2：Many houses fell down during the earthquake.

翻译：地震期间很多房屋倒塌。

 

词性转换练习

 

1. Lots of people lost their homes in the ______ (earthquake).

 

2. The ______ (earthquake) damage was beyond our imagination.

 

答案&解析

 

1. earthquake；in the earthquake 在地震中，填名词原形

 

2. earthquake；名词作定语修饰damage，earthquake damage 地震带来的损毁

 

2. repair /rɪˈpeə(r)/ v. 修理；修缮

 

 近义词：fix v.修理；mend v.修补

 

 反义词：break v.弄坏；destroy v.毁坏

 

 词性转换：repair n.修理；repairs n.[复数]维修工作；repairable adj.可修理的

 

 固定搭配：repair houses 修缮房屋；under repair 在维修中

 

 例句1：Workers are busy repairing the buildings after the hurricane.

翻译：飓风过后工人们忙着修缮楼房。

 

 例句2：The old bridge is under repair now.

翻译：这座旧桥现在正在维修。

 

词性转换练习

 

1. They spent two days ______ (repair) the broken walls.

 

2. The car is old but still ______ (repair).

 

答案&解析

 

1. repairing；spend time doing sth 花费时间做某事

2. repairable；be动词后接形容词作表语，可修理的

 

3. shut /ʃʌt/ adj. 停业；关门 v.关闭

 

 近义词：closed adj.关闭的

 

 反义词：open adj.开的；营业的

 

 词性转换：shut‑shut‑shut（过去式、过去分词同形）

 

 固定搭配：shut down 停业，关闭；shut up 闭嘴；keep shut 保持关闭

 

 例句1：All shops were shut during the power cut.

翻译：停电的时候所有商店都关门停业。

 

 例句2：The factory shut down because of the bad environment.

翻译：这家工厂因为恶劣环境倒闭停业。

 

词性转换练习

 

1. Please keep the windows ______ (shut) when the storm comes.

 

2. The company ______ (shut) down last winter.

 

答案&解析

 

1. shut；keep + 宾语 + adj，shut此处形容词，关闭的

 

2. shut；last winter过去时间，shut过去式依然shut

 

4. normal /ˈnɔːml/ n. 常态 adj.正常的

 

 近义词：usual adj.平常的

 

 反义词：abnormal adj.反常的

 

 词性转换：normally adv.正常地；abnormally adv.反常地

 

 固定搭配：return to normal 恢复常态；back to normal 回归正常

 

 例句1：Life slowly returned to normal after the disaster.

翻译：灾难过后生活慢慢恢复常态。

 

 例句2：It is normal to feel afraid in an earthquake.

翻译：地震中感到害怕是正常的。

 

词性转换练习

 

1. Everything went back to ______ (normal) soon after the storm.

 

2. The machine does not work ______ (normal).

 

答案&解析

 

1. normal；return to normal 固定短语，恢复常态

2. normally；修饰动词work，用副词normally正常地

 

5. downstairs /ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/ adv. 在楼下；往楼下

 

 近义词：below adv.在下面

 

 反义词：upstairs adv.在楼上；往楼上

 

 词性转换：downstairs adj.楼下的；upstairs 反义词

 

 固定搭配：go downstairs 下楼；live downstairs 住在楼下

 

 例句1：Please go downstairs as quickly as you can when an earthquake happens.

翻译：发生地震时请尽快往楼下走。

 

 例句2：My parents are waiting for you downstairs.

翻译：我父母正在楼下等你。

 

词性转换练习

 

1. He ran ______ (downstairs) to get some water.

 

2. The ______ (downstairs) room is for guests.

 

答案&解析

 

1. downstairs；副词修饰动词ran，往楼下跑

 

2. downstairs；形容词修饰room，楼下的房间

 

6. alright /ˌɔːlˈraɪt/ adj. 安全健康（的）；平安无恙（的）

 

 近义词：fine adj.好的；safe adj.安全的

 

 反义词：hurt adj.受伤的；unwell adj.不舒服

 

 词性转换：all right（分开写同义）

 

 固定搭配：be alright 平安无事；feel alright 感觉还好

 

 例句1：Don’t worry. All the children are alright after the accident.

翻译：别担心，事故之后所有孩子都平安无恙。

 

 例句2：Are you feeling alright after the heavy fall?

翻译：重重摔了一跤后你还好吗？

 

词性转换练习

 

1. Luckily, nobody got hurt. Everyone was ______ (alright).

 

2. —How are you? —I’m ______ (alright), thanks.

 

答案&解析

 

1. alright；be动词后接形容词作表语，平安无恙