Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、人物身份类： 1. gentleman（绅士）Tom shook hands with Ben like a ________.（汤姆像绅士一样和本握了手。） 2. novelist（小说家）Twain is ________ a great American novelist.（吐温被视为伟大的美国小说家。） 3. journalist（记者）Twain worked as a ________ for a while.（吐温当过一段时间记者。） 4. pilot（领航员）Twain became a riverboat ________ on the Mississippi.（吐温在密西西比河上当了河船领航员。） 5. public speaker（演说家）A good public speaker holds the audience's attention.（优秀的演说家能抓住听众的注意力。） 6. writer（作家）Mark Twain is best known as a ________.（马克·吐温以作家身份最为著名。） 二、文学创造类： 1. novel（小说）The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a famous ________.（《汤姆·索亚历险记》是一部著名小说。） 2. character（人物）Tom is the main ________ of the novel.（汤姆是小说的主角。） 3. plot（情节）The ________ of the story is interesting.（故事的故事情节很有趣。） 4. review（评论）Wang Yao wrote a ________ of the story.（王瑶为这个故事写了一篇评论。） 5. genre（体裁）What ________ of literature do you like?（你喜欢什么文学体裁？） 6. literary（文学的）The game is about famous ________ works.（这个游戏和著名的文学作品有关。） 三、行为动作类： 1. paint（粉刷）Tom had to ________ the fence.（汤姆不得不刷栅栏。） 2. pretend（假装）He ________ painting was fun.（他假装刷栅栏很有趣。） 3. survey（仔细查看）He ________ his progress and sat down.（他仔细查看了进展，然后坐下。） 4. crouch（蹲下）The monkey ________ before it jumped.（猴子跳之前先蹲下。） 5. regard（认为）He is ________ a great writer.（他被视为伟大的作家。） 6. appreciate（欣赏）I ________ Mark Twain's writing style.（我欣赏马克·吐温的写作风格。） 四、情感评价类 1. absorbed（全神贯注的）He was ________ his work.（他全神贯注于工作。） 2. naughty（顽皮的）Tom is clever but ________.（汤姆聪明但顽皮。） 3. appealing（吸引人的）What makes a story ________?（什么让故事吸引人？） 4. particular（挑剔的）Aunt Polly is ________ her fence.（波莉姨妈对栅栏很挑剔。） 5. boring（无聊的）Tom thought painting the fence was ________.（汤姆觉得刷栅栏很无聊。） 6. impressive（令人印象深刻的）Tom is really ________.（汤姆真的很令人印象深刻。） 五、事物地点类 1. fence（栅栏）The fence was 30 yards long.（栅栏有30码长。） 2. marble（玻璃弹子）Johnny offered Tom twelve ________.（约翰尼给了汤姆十二颗玻璃弹子。） 3. cave（洞穴）Tom and Becky got lost in the ________.（汤姆和贝基在洞穴里迷了路。） 4. adventure（冒险）Tom dreamt of going on an ________.（汤姆梦想出去冒险。） 5. fortune（财富）Twain dreamt of making a ________.（吐温梦想发财。） 6. failure（失败）He had both successes and ________.（他既有成功也有失败。） 六、状态感受类 1. concern（担忧）He passed Ben the brush with a look of ________.（他带着担忧的神情把刷子递给本。） 2. progress（进展）He surveyed his ________.（他仔细查看了进展。） 3. task（任务）He carried on with the ________ at hand.（他继续做手头的任务。） 4. spring（活力）Tom set off with a ________ in his step.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 5. courage（勇气）Tom showed great ________ in the cave.（汤姆在洞穴里表现出极大的勇气。） 6. judge（法官）Becky's father is Judge Thatcher.（贝基的父亲是撒切尔法官。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. carry on (with)（继续）He ________ the task at hand.（他继续做手头的任务。） 2. go on（继续）She ________ painting the fence.（她继续刷栅栏。） 3. pay ... back（偿还）He managed to ________ the money ________.（他设法把钱还清了。） 4. set off（出发）Tom ________ with a spring in his step.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 5. look up to（敬仰）Robin Hood was the hero that Tom ________.（罗宾汉是汤姆敬仰的英雄。） 6. come up with（想出）Tom ________ a clever idea.（汤姆想出了一个聪明的办法。） 二、介词短语 1. be absorbed in（全神贯注于）He was ________ his work.（他全神贯注于工作。） 2. be particular about（对…讲究）Aunt Polly is ________ her fence.（波莉姨妈对她的栅栏很讲究。） 3. be regarded as（被视为）He is ________ a great novelist.（他被视为伟大的小说家。） 4. be best known as（以…最为著名）He is ________ a writer.（他以作家身份最为著名。） 5. with a pretend look of concern（带着假装担心的神情）He passed Ben the brush ________.（他带着假装担心的神情把刷子递给本。） 6. with a spring in his step（步伐轻快）Tom set off ________.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 三、名词短语 1. pen name（笔名）Mark Twain was the ________ of Samuel Clemens.（马克·吐温是塞缪尔·克莱门斯的笔名。） 2. main character（主角）Tom is the ________ of the novel.（汤姆是小说的主角。） 3. a brief introduction（简要介绍）Give a ________ to the story.（简要介绍这个故事。） 4. a story review（故事评论）Write a ________ and share it.（写一篇故事评论并分享。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、描述人物： 1. The main character of the story is ...（故事的主角是……）The main character of the story is ________.（故事的主角是汤姆·索亚。） 2. ... is clever but naughty.（……聪明但顽皮。）________.（汤姆聪明但顽皮。） 3. Among all the characters, ... impressed me the most.（在所有人物中，……最令我印象深刻。）Among all the characters, ________.（在所有人物中，汤姆最令我印象深刻。） 4. ... is the most ... character I have ever read about.（……是我读到过的最……的人物。）He is the most ________ character I have ever read about.（他是我读到过的最有趣的人物。） 二、表达观点评价： 1. I think ... is clever but naughty.（我认为……聪明但顽皮。）I think Tom is ________.（我认为汤姆聪明但顽皮。） 2. ... is regarded as one of the greatest ...（……被视为最伟大的……之一。）Mark Twain is regarded as one of the ________.（马克·吐温被视为最伟大的美国小说家之一。） 3. I've never read about ... than ...（我从未读到过比……更……的人物。）I've never read about a ________ than Tom.（我从未读到过比汤姆更聪明的男孩。） 4. He / She is really impressive.（他/她真的很令人印象深刻。）________.（汤姆真的很令人印象深刻。） 三、描述情感和感受 1. ... pretends that ...（……假装……）He ________ painting the fence is fun.（他假装刷栅栏很有趣。） 2. ... had an idea.（……有了一个主意。）Just then, Tom ________.（就在这时，汤姆有了一个主意。） 3. ... paid no attention to ...（……没理会……）Tom ________ Ben.（汤姆没有理会本。） 4. ... set off with a spring in his step.（……步伐轻快地出发了。）Tom set off ________.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 语法 1. ________（Relative clauses with who/that/which） 2. 指人用 ________，指物用 ________ 3. 关系词作从句宾语时可省略 写作 Writing a ________（写故事评论） 一、知识点精讲 1. pretend v. 假装 【句型】 ①pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 He ________ in his work. 他假装全神贯注于工作。 ②pretend that 从句 He ________ painting the fence was fun. 他假装刷栅栏很有趣。 ③pretend to be + n./adj. 假装是… She ________ a lady. 她假装是一位淑女。 【助记】pretend（假装）≠ present（礼物；呈现），注意拼写区别。 2. absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 【中考频次】2024—2026年考查2次（be absorbed in 固定搭配） 【句型】be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注于… He was ________ his work. 他全神贯注于工作。 【辨析】be absorbed in 强调注意力完全投入，相当于 be concentrated on。 3. regard v. 认为；把…视为 【中考频次】2024—2026年考查3次 【句型】regard ... as ... = be regarded as ... 把…视为／被视为 Mark Twain is ________ one of the greatest American novelists. 马克·吐温被视为最伟大的美国小说家之一。 4. particular adj. 讲究的；挑剔的 【中考频次】2024—2026年考查1次 【句型】be particular about 对…讲究／挑剔 Aunt Polly is very ________ her fence. 波莉姨妈对她的栅栏非常讲究。 5. carry on (with) 继续 【句型】carry on with sth. / carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 He ________ the task at hand. 他继续做手头的任务。 【辨析】carry on（继续）与 go on（继续）常可互换；carry on with 后接名词。 6. survey v. 仔细查看；调查 【记忆】survey 由 sur-（在上面）+ vey（看）构成，字面义“从上往下看”。 He ________ his progress and sat down to rest. 他仔细查看了进展，然后坐下来休息。 2、 核心语法精讲 定语从句（Relative clauses with who / that / which） 1. 定义：用一个句子（从句）修饰前面的名词（先行词），引导从句的词叫________。 2. ________时用 ________；________时用 ________。 3. that 可以代替 who 和 which；口语中多用 that，书面语中多用 who / which。 4. 关系词在从句中作________，作________。 5. 例句： The person ________ was his aunt Polly. 照看汤姆的人是波莉姨妈。 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a novel ________. 《汤姆·索亚历险记》是马克·吐温写的小说。 The writer ________ is Mark Twain. 他最喜欢的作家是马克·吐温。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题是“写一篇故事评论”（a story review）。评论一般分三部分：简要介绍故事及其主要人物、讲述故事情节、表达自己的评论（如最喜欢的人物及理由）。文体是记叙与议论结合的书评，要求条理清晰、观点明确。 2. 写作框架 开头（Introduction）：介绍故事标题、作者、主要人物。 正文（Plot）：简述故事的主要情节。 结尾（Comments）：表达个人观点与评价，说明喜欢的理由。 3. 写作素材 描述人物：clever（聪明的），brave（勇敢的），naughty（顽皮的），kind（善良的），impressive（令人印象深刻的）。 常用句型：The main character is ... / Among all the characters, ... impressed me the most. / I think he is ... but ... / It is a funny and interesting story. 4. 范文背诵 范文一（故事评论） "Tom Sawyer paints the fence" is a short story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer written by Mark Twain. The main characters are Tom Sawyer and Ben Rogers. In the story, Aunt Polly wants Tom to paint the fence. Tom does not want to do it, so he pretends that painting is fun. He tricks Ben and the other boys into painting the fence for him. I think Tom is clever but a little naughty. Although he tricks his friends, everyone is happy at the end. This story is funny, and it teaches us that clever ideas can make hard work easier. 范文二（整体评论） The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of my favourite novels. It was written by Mark Twain, a great American writer. The story is about a clever boy named Tom Sawyer. He lives with his aunt Polly and always looks for adventures. He and his friends have many exciting and funny experiences. Among all the characters, Tom impresses me the most. He is clever, brave and full of ideas. I have never read about a more interesting boy than him. This novel is funny and meaningful, and I really enjoy reading it. 易错点01 定语从句关系词 Who/that/which混用 【助记口诀】人用who物用which，that万能都能替 【错因辨析】 1. 修饰“人”用 who 或 that；修饰“物”用 which 或 that。 2. that 既可以指人也可以指物，是“万能”关系词。 3. 常见错误：把指物的 which 用在“人”前，或把 who 用在“物”前。 【对点训练】 1. The boy ____ is painting the fence is Tom Sawyer. A. who　　B. which　　C. where 2. The novel ____ was written by Mark Twain is very famous. A. who　　B. which　　C. whom 3. Do you know the writer ____ wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? A. which　　B. who　　C. what 易错点02 关系词的省略误判 【助记口诀】宾语可省主语留 【错因辨析】 1. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：The book (which/that) he likes is ... 2. 关系词在从句中作主语时不能省略：The boy who is painting the fence is Tom.（who 不能省） 3. 常见错误：把作主语的 who/that 误省，造成句子缺少主语。 【对点训练】 1. The story ____ Aunt Polly told us is very funny. A. who　　B. /　　C. where 2. The man ____ is standing under the tree is my uncle. A. /　　B. that　　C. whose 3. This is the book ____ I bought yesterday. A. that　　B. who　　C. when 易错点03 pretend的用法 【一句话辨异】pretend to do（假装做）≠ prepare to do（准备做） 【错因辨析】 1. pretend 后接不定式 to do 或 that 从句。 2. 不能接动词原形或动词-ing。 3. pretend to be + n./adj. 表示“假装是…”。 【对点训练】 1. He pretended ____ absorbed in his work. A. to be　　B. be　　C. being 2. Tom pretended ____ he was very busy. A. to　　B. that　　C. which 易错点04 regard …as 的用法 【一句话辨异】be regarded as（被视为）≠ be regarded to be（错误搭配） 【错因辨析】 1. regard ... as ... 把…视为…；被动式为 be regarded as。 2. 不可写成 be regarded to be 或 regard as + 句子。 【对点训练】 1. Mark Twain is ____ one of the greatest American novelists. A. regarded to　　B. regarded as　　C. regarded 2. People ____ Tom as a clever and brave boy. A. regard　　B. regards　　C. regarding 一、根据所给提示填空 1. Tom had to ______ (paint) the fence for his aunt. 2. He was fully ______ (absorb) in his work. 3. Mark Twain is ______ (regard) as a great writer. 4. Aunt Polly is very ______ (particular) about her fence. 5. Don't ______ (pretend) that you know everything. 6. Tom ______ (survey) his progress and sat down. 7. The ______ (write) he likes most is Mark Twain. 8. He set off with a ______ (spring) in his step. 9. The boys dreamt of going on an ______ (adventure). 10. He managed to ______ (pay) the money back in the end. 二、单项选择 1. The person ____ looked after Tom was his aunt Polly. A. which　　B. who　　C. where 2. The novel ____ was written by Mark Twain is very famous. A. who　　B. whom　　C. which 3. This is the writer ____ I like best. A. which　　B. who　　C. what 4. He pretended ____ painting the fence. A. enjoy　　B. to enjoy　　C. enjoyed 5. Aunt Polly is very particular ____ her fence. A. about　　B. with　　C. at 6. Tom carried on ____ the task at hand. A. for　　B. with　　C. at 7. Mark Twain is regarded ____ one of the greatest novelists. A. as　　B. to　　C. for 8. The story ____ Tom told us is really funny. A. which　　B. who　　C. whom 三、句型转换 1. The boy is Tom. The boy is painting the fence. The boy ____ is painting the fence is Tom. 2. The novel is very famous. The novel was written by Mark Twain. The novel ____ was written by Mark Twain is very famous. 3. I like the writer. The writer wrote funny stories. I like the writer ____ wrote funny stories. 4. This is the book. He likes the book most. This is the book ____ he likes most. 四、阅读理解 A Mark Twain was a great American writer. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, and “Mark Twain” was his pen name. It came from a term used by boatmen on the Mississippi River. Twain was born in 1835 and died in 1910. Twain wrote many famous novels. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of them. In the story, a clever boy named Tom Sawyer has many exciting adventures. Twain's own life influenced his writing. When he was a child, he lived near the Mississippi River, so many of his stories are about life on the river. He also wrote about both the happy and the sad things in life. Today, Mark Twain is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 1. What was Mark Twain's real name? A. Tom Sawyer　　B. Samuel Langhorne Clemens　　C. Huckleberry Finn 2. What does “Mark Twain” come from? A. A famous novel　　B. A term used by boatmen　　C. A river 3. Why are many of Twain's stories about life on the river? A. Because he liked swimming.　　 B. Because he lived near the Mississippi River when he was young.　　 C. Because he was a boatman. 4. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Mark Twain's life and his works　　B. How to write a novel　　C. The Mississippi River B In the story “Tom Sawyer paints the fence”, Aunt Polly asks Tom to paint a long fence. Tom thinks it is a boring task. Just then, his friend Ben Rogers comes along. Ben is eating an apple and makes fun of Tom. Tom pretends that painting is fun and says that very few boys can paint a fence. Ben becomes interested and asks to try. Tom refuses at first, but later he lets Ben paint. In the end, Ben gives Tom his apple, and many other boys come to paint the fence too. Tom does not do the work himself, but he is very happy. What a clever boy he is! 1. What does Aunt Polly ask Tom to do? A. To paint the fence.　　B. To eat an apple.　　C. To see Ben. 2. Why does Tom pretend that painting is fun? A. Because he likes painting.　　B. To make Ben interested.　　C. Because the fence is short. 3. What does Ben give Tom in the end? A. A fence.　　B. A marble.　　C. An apple. 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Tom is lazy but clever.　　B. Tom is a hard-working boy.　　C. Friends never help each other. 五、（用 who / that / which 或适当的词填空，每空一词） Tom Sawyer was a clever boy ____(1) always sought adventure. Becky was a girl ____(2) had a lively spirit. One day, they went to a cave ____(3) was filled with bats. They escaped by running into different passages. The story ____(4) they experienced is full of excitement. 六、书面表达 假如你是王瑶，请根据以下提示，写一篇短文介绍你最喜爱的作家马克·吐温（Mark Twain）和他的作品《汤姆·索亚历险记》（The Adventures of Tom Sawyer）。 提示： 1. 他是美国著名作家，真名塞缪尔·克莱门斯（Samuel Langhorne Clemens）； 2. 他的作品以幽默（humour）著称； 3. 书中主人公汤姆·索亚聪明、勇敢，总爱冒险； 4. 你很喜欢这本书及理由。 要求：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 可适当发挥，使行文连贯。 写作提示：描述人物可用 clever / brave / naughty，表达观点可用 I think ... is ...、Among all the characters, ... impressed me the most。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、人物身份类： 1. gentleman（绅士）Tom shook hands with Ben like a gentleman.（汤姆像绅士一样和本握了手。） 2. novelist（小说家）Twain is regarded as a great American novelist.（吐温被视为伟大的美国小说家。） 3. journalist（记者）Twain worked as a journalist for a while.（吐温当过一段时间记者。） 4. pilot（领航员）Twain became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi.（吐温在密西西比河上当了河船领航员。） 5. public speaker（演说家）A good public speaker holds the audience's attention.（优秀的演说家能抓住听众的注意力。） 6. writer（作家）Mark Twain is best known as a writer.（马克·吐温以作家身份最为著名。） 二、文学创造类： 1. novel（小说）The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a famous novel.（《汤姆·索亚历险记》是一部著名小说。） 2. character（人物）Tom is the main character of the novel.（汤姆是小说的主角。） 3. plot（情节）The plot of the story is interesting.（故事的故事情节很有趣。） 4. review（评论）Wang Yao wrote a review of the story.（王瑶为这个故事写了一篇评论。） 5. genre（体裁）What genre of literature do you like?（你喜欢什么文学体裁？） 6. literary（文学的）The game is about famous literary works.（这个游戏和著名的文学作品有关。） 三、行为动作类： 1. paint（粉刷）Tom had to paint the fence.（汤姆不得不刷栅栏。） 2. pretend（假装）He pretended that painting was fun.（他假装刷栅栏很有趣。） 3. survey（仔细查看）He surveyed his progress and sat down.（他仔细查看了进展，然后坐下。） 4. crouch（蹲下）The monkey crouched before it jumped.（猴子跳之前先蹲下。） 5. regard（认为）He is regarded as a great writer.（他被视为伟大的作家。） 6. appreciate（欣赏）I appreciate Mark Twain's writing style.（我欣赏马克·吐温的写作风格。） 四、情感评价类 1. absorbed（全神贯注的）He was absorbed in his work.（他全神贯注于工作。） 2. naughty（顽皮的）Tom is clever but naughty.（汤姆聪明但顽皮。） 3. appealing（吸引人的）What makes a story appealing?（什么让故事吸引人？） 4. particular（挑剔的）Aunt Polly is particular about her fence.（波莉姨妈对栅栏很挑剔。） 5. boring（无聊的）Tom thought painting the fence was boring.（汤姆觉得刷栅栏很无聊。） 6. impressive（令人印象深刻的）Tom is really impressive.（汤姆真的很令人印象深刻。） 五、事物地点类 1. fence（栅栏）The fence was 30 yards long.（栅栏有30码长。） 2. marble（玻璃弹子）Johnny offered Tom twelve marbles.（约翰尼给了汤姆十二颗玻璃弹子。） 3. cave（洞穴）Tom and Becky got lost in the cave.（汤姆和贝基在洞穴里迷了路。） 4. adventure（冒险）Tom dreamt of going on an adventure.（汤姆梦想出去冒险。） 5. fortune（财富）Twain dreamt of making a fortune.（吐温梦想发财。） 6. failure（失败）He had both successes and failures.（他既有成功也有失败。） 六、状态感受类 1. concern（担忧）He passed Ben the brush with a look of concern.（他带着担忧的神情把刷子递给本。） 2. progress（进展）He surveyed his progress.（他仔细查看了进展。） 3. task（任务）He carried on with the task at hand.（他继续做手头的任务。） 4. spring（活力）Tom set off with a spring in his step.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 5. courage（勇气）Tom showed great courage in the cave.（汤姆在洞穴里表现出极大的勇气。） 6. judge（法官）Becky's father is Judge Thatcher.（贝基的父亲是撒切尔法官。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. carry on (with)（继续）He carried on with the task at hand.（他继续做手头的任务。） 2. go on（继续）She went on painting the fence.（她继续刷栅栏。） 3. pay ... back（偿还）He managed to pay the money back.（他设法把钱还清了。） 4. set off（出发）Tom set off with a spring in his step.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 5. look up to（敬仰）Robin Hood was the hero that Tom looked up to.（罗宾汉是汤姆敬仰的英雄。） 6. come up with（想出）Tom came up with a clever idea.（汤姆想出了一个聪明的办法。） 二、介词短语 1. be absorbed in（全神贯注于）He was fully absorbed in his work.（他全神贯注于工作。） 2. be particular about（对…讲究）Aunt Polly is particular about her fence.（波莉姨妈对她的栅栏很讲究。） 3. be regarded as（被视为）He is regarded as a great novelist.（他被视为伟大的小说家。） 4. be best known as（以…最为著名）He is best known as a writer.（他以作家身份最为著名。） 5. with a pretend look of concern（带着假装担心的神情）He passed Ben the brush with a pretend look of concern.（他带着假装担心的神情把刷子递给本。） 6. with a spring in his step（步伐轻快）Tom set off with a spring in his step.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 三、名词短语 1. pen name（笔名）Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Clemens.（马克·吐温是塞缪尔·克莱门斯的笔名。） 2. main character（主角）Tom is the main character of the novel.（汤姆是小说的主角。） 3. a brief introduction（简要介绍）Give a brief introduction to the story.（简要介绍这个故事。） 4. a story review（故事评论）Write a story review and share it.（写一篇故事评论并分享。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、描述人物： 1. The main character of the story is ...（故事的主角是……）The main character of the story is Tom Sawyer.（故事的主角是汤姆·索亚。） 2. ... is clever but naughty.（……聪明但顽皮。）Tom is clever but naughty.（汤姆聪明但顽皮。） 3. Among all the characters, ... impressed me the most.（在所有人物中，……最令我印象深刻。）Among all the characters, Tom impressed me the most.（在所有人物中，汤姆最令我印象深刻。） 4. ... is the most ... character I have ever read about.（……是我读到过的最……的人物。）He is the most interesting character I have ever read about.（他是我读到过的最有趣的人物。） 二、表达观点评价： 1. I think ... is clever but naughty.（我认为……聪明但顽皮。）I think Tom is clever but naughty.（我认为汤姆聪明但顽皮。） 2. ... is regarded as one of the greatest ...（……被视为最伟大的……之一。）Mark Twain is regarded as one of the greatest American novelists.（马克·吐温被视为最伟大的美国小说家之一。） 3. I've never read about ... than ...（我从未读到过比……更……的人物。）I've never read about a cleverer boy than Tom.（我从未读到过比汤姆更聪明的男孩。） 4. He / She is really impressive.（他/她真的很令人印象深刻。）Tom is really impressive.（汤姆真的很令人印象深刻。） 三、描述情节和感受 1. ... pretends that ...（……假装……）He pretends that painting the fence is fun.（他假装刷栅栏很有趣。） 2. ... had an idea.（……有了一个主意。）Just then, Tom had an idea.（就在这时，汤姆有了一个主意。） 3. ... paid no attention to ...（……没理会……）Tom paid no attention to Ben.（汤姆没有理会本。） 4. ... set off with a spring in his step.（……步伐轻快地出发了。）Tom set off with a spring in his step.（汤姆步伐轻快地出发了。） 语法 1. 定语从句（Relative clauses with who/that/which） 2. 指人用 who / that，指物用 which / that 3. 关系词作从句宾语时可省略 写作 Writing a story review（写故事评论） 介绍故事及主要人物 + 故事情节 + 个人评论 一、知识点精讲 1. pretend v. 假装 【句型】 ①pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 He pretended to be absorbed in his work. 他假装全神贯注于工作。 ②pretend that 从句 He pretended that painting the fence was fun. 他假装刷栅栏很有趣。 ③pretend to be + n./adj. 假装是… She pretended to be a lady. 她假装是一位淑女。 【助记】pretend（假装）≠ present（礼物；呈现），注意拼写区别。 2. absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 【中考频次】2024—2026年考查2次（be absorbed in 固定搭配） 【句型】be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注于… He was fully absorbed in his work. 他全神贯注于工作。 【辨析】be absorbed in 强调注意力完全投入，相当于 be concentrated on。 3. regard v. 认为；把…视为 【中考频次】2024—2026年考查3次 【句型】regard ... as ... = be regarded as ... 把…视为／被视为 Mark Twain is regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 马克·吐温被视为最伟大的美国小说家之一。 4. particular adj. 讲究的；挑剔的 【中考频次】2024—2026年考查1次 【句型】be particular about 对…讲究／挑剔 Aunt Polly is very particular about her fence. 波莉姨妈对她的栅栏非常讲究。 5. carry on (with) 继续 【句型】carry on with sth. / carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 He carried on with the task at hand. 他继续做手头的任务。 【辨析】carry on（继续）与 go on（继续）常可互换；carry on with 后接名词。 6. survey v. 仔细查看；调查 【记忆】survey 由 sur-（在上面）+ vey（看）构成，字面义“从上往下看”。 He surveyed his progress and sat down to rest. 他仔细查看了进展，然后坐下来休息。 二、核心语法精讲 定语从句（Relative clauses with who / that / which） 1. 定义：用一个句子（从句）修饰前面的名词（先行词），引导从句的词叫关系代词。 2. 先行词指人时用 who 或 that；先行词指物时用 which 或 that。 3. that 可以代替 who 和 which；口语中多用 that，书面语中多用 who / which。 4. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不能省略。 5. 例句： The person who looked after Tom was his aunt Polly. 照看汤姆的人是波莉姨妈。 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a novel which was written by Mark Twain. 《汤姆·索亚历险记》是马克·吐温写的小说。 The writer (who/that) he likes most is Mark Twain. 他最喜欢的作家是马克·吐温。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题是“写一篇故事评论”（a story review）。评论一般分三部分：简要介绍故事及其主要人物、讲述故事情节、表达自己的评论（如最喜欢的人物及理由）。文体是记叙与议论结合的书评，要求条理清晰、观点明确。 2. 写作框架 开头（Introduction）：介绍故事标题、作者、主要人物。 正文（Plot）：简述故事的主要情节。 结尾（Comments）：表达个人观点与评价，说明喜欢的理由。 3. 写作素材 描述人物：clever（聪明的），brave（勇敢的），naughty（顽皮的），kind（善良的），impressive（令人印象深刻的）。 常用句型：The main character is ... / Among all the characters, ... impressed me the most. / I think he is ... but ... / It is a funny and interesting story. 4. 范文背诵 范文一（故事评论） "Tom Sawyer paints the fence" is a short story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer written by Mark Twain. The main characters are Tom Sawyer and Ben Rogers. In the story, Aunt Polly wants Tom to paint the fence. Tom does not want to do it, so he pretends that painting is fun. He tricks Ben and the other boys into painting the fence for him. I think Tom is clever but a little naughty. Although he tricks his friends, everyone is happy at the end. This story is funny, and it teaches us that clever ideas can make hard work easier. 范文二（整体评论） The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of my favourite novels. It was written by Mark Twain, a great American writer. The story is about a clever boy named Tom Sawyer. He lives with his aunt Polly and always looks for adventures. He and his friends have many exciting and funny experiences. Among all the characters, Tom impresses me the most. He is clever, brave and full of ideas. I have never read about a more interesting boy than him. This novel is funny and meaningful, and I really enjoy reading it. 易错点01 定语从句关系词 Who/that/which混用 【助记口诀】人用who物用which，that万能都能替 【错因辨析】 1. 修饰“人”用 who 或 that；修饰“物”用 which 或 that。 2. that 既可以指人也可以指物，是“万能”关系词。 3. 常见错误：把指物的 which 用在“人”前，或把 who 用在“物”前。 【对点训练】 1. The boy ____ is painting the fence is Tom Sawyer. A. who　　B. which　　C. where 【答案】A 【解析】先行词 the boy 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故选 who。 2. The novel ____ was written by Mark Twain is very famous. A. who　　B. which　　C. whom 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 the novel 指物，关系词作从句主语，故选 which。 3. Do you know the writer ____ wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? A. which　　B. who　　C. what 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 the writer 指人，关系词作主语，故选 who。 易错点02 关系词的省略误判 【助记口诀】宾语可省主语留 【错因辨析】 1. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：The book (which/that) he likes is ... 2. 关系词在从句中作主语时不能省略：The boy who is painting the fence is Tom.（who 不能省） 3. 常见错误：把作主语的 who/that 误省，造成句子缺少主语。 【对点训练】 1. The story ____ Aunt Polly told us is very funny. A. who　　B. /　　C. where 【答案】B 【解析】关系词在从句 told us 中作宾语，可以省略，故选 /。 2. The man ____ is standing under the tree is my uncle. A. /　　B. that　　C. whose 【答案】B 【解析】关系词作从句主语不能省略，that 可指人作主语。 3. This is the book ____ I bought yesterday. A. that　　B. who　　C. when 【答案】A 【解析】关系词作 bought 的宾语，可省略或用 that，故选 that。 易错点03 pretend的用法 【一句话辨异】pretend to do（假装做）≠ prepare to do（准备做） 【错因辨析】 1. pretend 后接不定式 to do 或 that 从句。 2. 不能接动词原形或动词-ing。 3. pretend to be + n./adj. 表示“假装是…”。 【对点训练】 1. He pretended ____ absorbed in his work. A. to be　　B. be　　C. being 【答案】A 【解析】pretend to do sth. 假装做某事，故选 to be。 2. Tom pretended ____ he was very busy. A. to　　B. that　　C. which 【答案】B 【解析】pretend 后接 that 从句，故选 that。 易错点04 regard …as 的用法 【一句话辨异】be regarded as（被视为）≠ be regarded to be（错误搭配） 【错因辨析】 1. regard ... as ... 把…视为…；被动式为 be regarded as。 2. 不可写成 be regarded to be 或 regard as + 句子。 【对点训练】 1. Mark Twain is ____ one of the greatest American novelists. A. regarded to　　B. regarded as　　C. regarded 【答案】B 【解析】be regarded as + 名词，故选 B。 2. People ____ Tom as a clever and brave boy. A. regard　　B. regards　　C. regarding 【答案】A 【解析】主语 people 为复数，一般现在时用动词原形，故选 regard。 一、根据所给提示填空 1. Tom had to ______ (paint) the fence for his aunt. 2. He was fully ______ (absorb) in his work. 3. Mark Twain is ______ (regard) as a great writer. 4. Aunt Polly is very ______ (particular) about her fence. 5. Don't ______ (pretend) that you know everything. 6. Tom ______ (survey) his progress and sat down. 7. The ______ (write) he likes most is Mark Twain. 8. He set off with a ______ (spring) in his step. 9. The boys dreamt of going on an ______ (adventure). 10. He managed to ______ (pay) the money back in the end. 二、单项选择 1. The person ____ looked after Tom was his aunt Polly. A. which　　B. who　　C. where 2. The novel ____ was written by Mark Twain is very famous. A. who　　B. whom　　C. which 3. This is the writer ____ I like best. A. which　　B. who　　C. what 4. He pretended ____ painting the fence. A. enjoy　　B. to enjoy　　C. enjoyed 5. Aunt Polly is very particular ____ her fence. A. about　　B. with　　C. at 6. Tom carried on ____ the task at hand. A. for　　B. with　　C. at 7. Mark Twain is regarded ____ one of the greatest novelists. A. as　　B. to　　C. for 8. The story ____ Tom told us is really funny. A. which　　B. who　　C. whom 三、句型转换 1. The boy is Tom. The boy is painting the fence. The boy ____ is painting the fence is Tom. 2. The novel is very famous. The novel was written by Mark Twain. The novel ____ was written by Mark Twain is very famous. 3. I like the writer. The writer wrote funny stories. I like the writer ____ wrote funny stories. 4. This is the book. He likes the book most. This is the book ____ he likes most. 四、阅读理解 A Mark Twain was a great American writer. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, and “Mark Twain” was his pen name. It came from a term used by boatmen on the Mississippi River. Twain was born in 1835 and died in 1910. Twain wrote many famous novels. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of them. In the story, a clever boy named Tom Sawyer has many exciting adventures. Twain's own life influenced his writing. When he was a child, he lived near the Mississippi River, so many of his stories are about life on the river. He also wrote about both the happy and the sad things in life. Today, Mark Twain is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 1. What was Mark Twain's real name? A. Tom Sawyer　　B. Samuel Langhorne Clemens　　C. Huckleberry Finn 2. What does “Mark Twain” come from? A. A famous novel　　B. A term used by boatmen　　C. A river 3. Why are many of Twain's stories about life on the river? A. Because he liked swimming.　　 B. Because he lived near the Mississippi River when he was young.　　 C. Because he was a boatman. 4. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Mark Twain's life and his works　　B. How to write a novel　　C. The Mississippi River B In the story “Tom Sawyer paints the fence”, Aunt Polly asks Tom to paint a long fence. Tom thinks it is a boring task. Just then, his friend Ben Rogers comes along. Ben is eating an apple and makes fun of Tom. Tom pretends that painting is fun and says that very few boys can paint a fence. Ben becomes interested and asks to try. Tom refuses at first, but later he lets Ben paint. In the end, Ben gives Tom his apple, and many other boys come to paint the fence too. Tom does not do the work himself, but he is very happy. What a clever boy he is! 1. What does Aunt Polly ask Tom to do? A. To paint the fence.　　B. To eat an apple.　　C. To see Ben. 2. Why does Tom pretend that painting is fun? A. Because he likes painting.　　B. To make Ben interested.　　C. Because the fence is short. 3. What does Ben give Tom in the end? A. A fence.　　B. A marble.　　C. An apple. 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Tom is lazy but clever.　　B. Tom is a hard-working boy.　　C. Friends never help each other. 五、（用 who / that / which 或适当的词填空，每空一词） Tom Sawyer was a clever boy ____(1) always sought adventure. Becky was a girl ____(2) had a lively spirit. One day, they went to a cave ____(3) was filled with bats. They escaped by running into different passages. The story ____(4) they experienced is full of excitement. 六、书面表达 假如你是王瑶，请根据以下提示，写一篇短文介绍你最喜爱的作家马克·吐温（Mark Twain）和他的作品《汤姆·索亚历险记》（The Adventures of Tom Sawyer）。 提示： 1. 他是美国著名作家，真名塞缪尔·克莱门斯（Samuel Langhorne Clemens）； 2. 他的作品以幽默（humour）著称； 3. 书中主人公汤姆·索亚聪明、勇敢，总爱冒险； 4. 你很喜欢这本书及理由。 要求：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 可适当发挥，使行文连贯。 写作提示：描述人物可用 clever / brave / naughty，表达观点可用 I think ... is ...、Among all the characters, ... impressed me the most。 参考答案 一、根据所给提示填空 1. paint　2. absorbed　3. regarded　4. particular　5. pretend　6. surveyed　7. writer　8. spring　9. adventure　10. pay 二、单项选择 1—5：B B B B A　　6—8：B A A 三、句型转换 1. who/that　2. which/that　3. who/that　4. which/that（可省略） 四、阅读理解 A篇 1—4：B B B A　　B篇 1—4：A B C A 五、短文填空 (1) who/that　(2) who/that　(3) which/that　(4) which/that（可省略） 六、书面表达 参考范文：Mark Twain is a great American writer. His real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens. His works are famous for humour. I like The Adventures of Tom Sawyer best. Its main character is Tom Sawyer. He is clever, brave and full of ideas. He always looks for adventures with his friends. I think the story is funny and interesting, and it teaches me to be brave and kind. If you want to read a happy story, this novel is a good choice. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $