专题14 阅读理解（记叙文）（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2027年春季高考英语

专题14 阅读理解（记叙文） 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 考核心考点精讲 3 考点一：记叙文要素与情节梳理（重点） 3 考点二：细节理解题（重点） 5 考点三：人物情感性格态度推断（重点） 6 考点四：主旨大意与标题概括 7 实战演练 8 考试要求 记叙文是江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语阅读理解中的常见体裁，多以人物经历、成长故事、校园生活为内容。记叙文通常按时间顺序展开情节，围绕who、what、when、where、why、how六要素组织材料，常在结尾处抒发情感或点明道理。合格考对记叙文的考查以细节理解为主，兼及推理判断（人物情感、性格、态度）与主旨大意、标题概括题。 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 记叙文要素与情节 5年5考 六要素的提取与情节先后顺序的梳理；人物、时间、地点的快速定位 预测2026年继续以人物成长、志愿服务类短文考查情节梳理 细节·推理·主旨 5年4考 细节信息定位；由言行推断人物情感、性格与态度；主旨大意与标题概括 预测2026年将结合文化传承、健康生活话题考查推理与标题题 记叙文以“讲故事”的方式记叙人物的经历与感受，阅读核心是“理要素—梳情节—品情感”。抓住时间线索与人物言行，既能迅速定位细节，又能据此推断人物情感、性格，并概括文章主旨与标题。 知识点1 记叙文的六要素与情节梳理 记叙文一般包含时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、原因（why）与方式（how）六要素，并按时间先后组织情节。把握六要素与情节线索，是读懂记叙文的第一步。 ①六要素 时间多由时间状语给出（On a rainy morning、Last summer）；地点由地点状语给出（in the village、outside the gate）；人物、事件须抓住主句的“谁做了什么”。 ②情节结构 一般按“开端—发展—高潮—结局”展开。题目常问事件发生的先后顺序，须依据first、then、after that、finally等信号词排序。 ③时间顺序与倒叙 多数记叙文按时间顺序叙述，也有文章以回忆（倒叙）开头。阅读时要区分“故事发生的时间”与“叙述的时间”，避免张冠李戴。 ④首尾呼应 记叙文常在首段交代背景、在末段抒发感受或点明道理（如I learned that…），首尾往往是主旨题与标题题的答案所在。 知识点2 细节理解题的定位与比对 记叙文的细节题占比最高，多为“谁做了什么、何时何地、为什么”。掌握从题干找关键词、回原文定位、再与选项比对的方法，可直接得分。 ①题干关键词定位 圈出题干中的人名、时间、地点、动作等实词，回到原文找到对应句子；记叙文答案往往就在该句或紧邻的上下句中。 ②注意代词指代 记叙文常用he、she、they、it、this等代词，题目若问“谁做了某事”，须回原文确认代词所指，避免张冠李戴。 ③因果与转折 because、so、as a result表示因果；but、however、although表示转折。转折词之后往往是作者真正想强调的信息，也是命题热点。 ④同义替换 正确选项常对原文进行同义改写（如repaired the bridge与fixed the bridge），须看意思而非字面，谨防“形似神非”。 知识点3 推理判断与主旨概括 ①情感态度推断 由人物的表情、动作与语言描写推断情感：jumped up and hugged表示excited；with tears in her eyes多为moved或thankful。 ②性格特征推断 由人物言行与评价推断性格：主动帮助他人体现kind、helpful；坚持不放弃体现determined、brave。 ③主旨与标题概括 主旨题看首尾段与反复出现的关键词；标题题要求简洁、涵盖全文，既不能以偏概全，也不能过于宽泛。 必记结论：记叙文解题“先理六要素，再梳情节线，后品人物情”；细节题回原文定位并核对代词指代；推理题依据人物言行，不作过度推断；主旨/标题题抓首尾段与高频词，忌以偏概全。 ⚠️避坑指南 ❌ 混淆情节顺序：题目问“先做什么”时，须依据first、then、finally等信号词排序，不要凭阅读印象作答。 ❌ 代词指代误判：he、she、they到底指谁，务必回原文确认，避免把甲做的事安到乙身上。 ❌ 过度推断情感或主旨：推理题以原文描写为依据，如无明示不可主观加码；主旨题不可把文中的细枝末节当作中心。 · 考点一 记叙文要素与情节梳理 例1On a rainy Monday morning, Jack found a small dog shivering outside the school gate. He took it to the animal shelter after class. Where did Jack find the little dog? A. In the classroom. B. Outside the school gate. C. At the animal shelter. D. In his home. 【答案】B 【解析】考查细节理解题（地点要素）。原文：Jack found a small dog shivering outside the school gate. 由outside the school gate可知小狗是在校门外被发现的，故选B。C是“送去”的地点，属偷换；A、D原文未提及。 例2Mary got up early, cooked breakfast for her sick mother, and then hurried to school. Which of the following shows the correct order of what Mary did? A. Cooked breakfast → got up → went to school. B. Got up → cooked breakfast → went to school. C. Went to school → cooked breakfast → got up. D. Cooked breakfast → went to school → got up. 【答案】B 【解析】考查情节顺序题。原文：Mary got up early, cooked breakfast for her sick mother, and then hurried to school. 由got up、cooked和then hurried to school的顺序可知先是起床，再做饭，最后上学，故选B。A、C、D均打乱了先后顺序。 解题策略 1.要素定位法题干问when/where/who/what时，分别回到原文的时间状语、地点状语与主句的“谁做了什么”。 2.时间顺序法遇到排序题，依据first、then、after that、finally等信号词，为事件排出正确顺序。 3.首尾呼应法记叙文首段交代背景、末段抒发感受或点明道理，是主旨与标题题的重要依据。 · 记叙文要素与情节梳理考点总结 要素/结构 提问方式与提示 时间 when 题干问When…，回到表示时间的状语 地点 where 题干问Where…，注意in/at/on等地点短语 人物 who 题干问Who…，留意人名与代词指代 情节顺序 排序题依据first/then/finally等信号词 【变式训练1·基础巩固】Last Saturday, Lucy volunteered at the community library and helped children choose books. Where did Lucy volunteer last Saturday? A. At school. B. In the community library. C. In the park. D. At home. 【答案】B 【解析】考查细节理解题（地点要素）。原文：Lucy volunteered at the community library... 由at the community library可知露西在社区图书馆做志愿服务，故选B。A、C、D原文均未提及。 【变式训练2·能力提升】Sam washed his face, put on his school uniform and rushed out of the door without breakfast. Which of the following shows the correct order of what Sam did? A. Put on his uniform → washed his face → rushed out. B. Washed his face → put on his uniform → rushed out. C. Rushed out → washed his face → put on his uniform. D. Washed his face → rushed out → put on his uniform. 【答案】B 【解析】考查情节顺序题。原文：Sam washed his face, put on his school uniform and rushed out of the door... 由动作的先后可知先洗脸、再穿校服、最后冲出门，故选B。A、C、D均打乱了顺序。 · 考点二 细节理解题 例1Tom's mother gave him a small box on his birthday. Inside was a hand-made bookmark she had made herself. What was in the box? A. A book. B. A bookmark. C. A pen. D. A photo. 【答案】B 【解析】考查细节理解题。原文：Inside was a hand-made bookmark she had made herself. 由a hand-made bookmark可知盒子里是一枚手工书签，故选B。A、C、D原文均未提及，属无中生有。 例2After the heavy flood, the villagers rebuilt the bridge in only ten days. How long did it take the villagers to rebuild the bridge? A. Ten days. B. Ten weeks. C. Ten months. D. Two years. 【答案】A 【解析】考查细节理解题（数字信息）。原文：the villagers rebuilt the bridge in only ten days. 由in only ten days可知村民仅用十天就重建了大桥，故选A。B、C、D的单位均与原文不符，属偷换单位。 解题策略 1.原句比对法细节题答案必在原文有依据，找到对应句后逐词比对，不要凭印象或常识作答。 2.指代确认法题目问“谁做了什么”时，先回原文确认he/she/they的指代对象，再判断选项主语是否正确。 3.转折关注法关注but、however、although之后的句子，作者真正强调的信息常在转折之后。 · 记叙文细节理解题考点总结 选项特征 是否可入选 说明 原文原句或同义转述 入选 能在原文找到明确依据 原文未提及的信息 排除 无中生有 主语张冠李戴的选项 排除 把甲做的事安到乙身上 数字单位被偷换的选项 排除 如days被换成weeks 与原文意思相反的表述 排除 正反颠倒 【变式训练1·基础巩固】On his first day at the new school, Ben felt nervous and stood alone in the corner of the playground. How did Ben feel on his first day? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Angry. D. Proud. 【答案】B 【解析】考查细节理解题。原文：Ben felt nervous and stood alone... 由felt nervous可知本感到紧张，故选B。A、C、D均与原文不符。 【变式训练2·能力提升】Grace borrowed a book from the school library last week and promised to return it before Friday. When did Grace promise to return the book? A. Before Monday. B. Before Friday. C. Before Sunday. D. Next month. 【答案】B 【解析】考查细节理解题（时间信息）。原文：promised to return it before Friday. 由before Friday可知格蕾丝答应周五前还书，故选B。A、C、D的时间均与原文不符。 · 考点三 推理判断题（人物情感、性格、态度） 例1"Don't worry. I will help you finish the work," said Lucy with a smile. What kind of person is Lucy? A. Lazy. B. Helpful and kind. C. Shy and quiet. D. Careless. 【答案】B 【解析】考查推理判断题。原文：I will help you finish the work和with a smile表明露西乐于助人、待人友善，故选B。A“懒惰”、C“害羞安静”、D“粗心”均与她的言行相矛盾，属无依据的推断。 例2When the teacher announced the result, Peter jumped up and hugged his classmates. How did Peter feel? A. Sad. B. Angry. C. Excited. D. Nervous. 【答案】C 【解析】考查推理判断题（情感）。原文：Peter jumped up and hugged his classmates. 由jumped up and hugged（跳起来并拥抱同学）可知彼得非常兴奋，故选C。A、B、D与这些动作所传达的积极情绪不符。 解题策略 1.言行推断法由人物的语言和动作推断其情感与性格，如jumped up表excited、with a smile表friendly。 2.评价词推断法留意文中他人对人物的评价性形容词与副词，它们往往直接揭示人物性格。 3.合理推断法推断须以原文描写为依据，避免加入原文未提供的个人想象，防止“过度推断”。 · 人物情感、性格与态度推断题考点总结 题目问法 推断依据 结论词示例 How did sb. feel? 表情、动作、心理描写 excited / sad / nervous What kind of person is sb.? 人物言行与他人评价 kind / brave / honest What is sb.'s attitude? 评价性形容词与副词 positive / negative What can we infer? 上下文逻辑与常识 合理推断，勿过度 Why did sb. do sth.? 文中因果信号词 because / so / in order to 【变式训练1·基础巩固】Although it was raining hard, Ann kept running and never stopped until she reached the finishing line. What kind of person is Ann? A. Lazy. B. Determined. C. Careless. D. Shy. 【答案】B 【解析】考查推理判断题（性格）。原文：kept running and never stopped until she reached the finishing line表明安在雨中坚持跑完全程，体现出坚强、有毅力，故选B。A、C、D与其坚持到底的行为不符。 【变式训练2·能力提升】Hearing the good news that his team had won, Mr. Green could hardly hold back his tears of joy. How did Mr. Green feel? A. Disappointed. B. Frightened. C. Deeply moved and happy. D. Bored. 【答案】C 【解析】考查推理判断题（情感）。原文：could hardly hold back his tears of joy表明格林先生因好消息而激动、喜悦得几乎落泪，故选C。A、B、D与tears of joy所表达的积极情感不符。 · 考点四 主旨大意与标题概括题 例1A poor boy from a small village studied hard and finally became a famous doctor who saved many lives. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Poor Boy. B. From a Poor Boy to a Famous Doctor. C. How to Save Lives. D. A Difficult Test. 【答案】B 【解析】考查标题概括题。全文讲述一个穷孩子通过努力成为救死扶伤的著名医生，标题应涵盖“贫寒”与“成名”两方面，故选B。A只写“穷孩子”过于片面，C只涉及“救命”，D与全文无关。 例2Amy practised the violin for two hours every day. At last she won first prize in the city competition. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Practice leads to success. B. Music is difficult to learn. C. Competitions are unfair. D. Violins are expensive. 【答案】A 【解析】考查主旨大意题。全文讲艾米每天苦练小提琴最终获奖，主旨是“坚持练习带来成功”，故选A。B、C、D或只涉及局部信息，或为原文未提及的观点。 解题策略 1.首尾提炼法记叙文的主旨常在首段背景与末段感受、议论句中，抓住首尾段即可把握主旨。 2.高频词提炼法反复出现的人、事、物往往是文章的核心，据此概括主旨、拟定标题。 3.选项筛查法排除过于宽泛（over-general）、过于狭窄（too narrow）或原文未提及的选项，选出最能涵盖全文的一项。 · 主旨大意与标题概括题考点总结 题型 识别标志 解题要点 主旨大意题 mainly about / main idea 抓首尾段与高频词 标题概括题 best title 简洁、涵盖全文、忌以偏概全 写作意图题 purpose of the passage 关注写作缘由与结尾议论 段落大意题 What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? 概括该段中心句 寓意启示题 What can we learn from the story? 从结尾议论句提炼道理 选项排除法 干扰项常过宽或过窄 排除超范围、无依据项 【变式训练1·基础巩固】A young man lost his job but kept learning new skills online. One year later, he started his own company. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Lost Job. B. Never Give Up and Learn. C. The Internet Is Useful. D. How to Start a Company. 【答案】B 【解析】考查标题概括题。全文讲年轻人失业后不断学习新技能，最终创业成功，标题应体现“不放弃、坚持学习”，故选B。A只写“失业”片面，C、D均非全文重点。 【变式训练2·能力提升】Every weekend, Grandma Li cleans the small park near her home, though nobody asks her to do so. "I just want my neighbours to have a clean place to relax," she says. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Grandma Li likes cleaning. B. Grandma Li does something good for her neighbours without being asked. C. The park is always dirty. D. Old people should rest at home. 【答案】B 【解析】考查主旨大意题。全文围绕李奶奶“无人要求却坚持为邻居打扫公园”展开，主旨是她乐于为他人无私奉献，故选B。A只停留在表面，C、D均与文意不符。 一、模拟基础练 Passage 1 Last Friday was our school sports meeting. I was the last runner of the 4×100-metre relay, and I had practised the baton (接力棒) pass for three weeks. When the starter's gun went off, our first runner got away quickly, but by the third leg we were half a step behind Class 5. Then the baton was in my hand. I ran as fast as I could. About twenty metres before the finishing line, my left foot hit a stone and I fell hard. My knee burned, and the baton rolled away. For a second I wanted to stay on the ground. Then I heard my classmates shouting my name from the side of the track. I got up, picked up the baton and kept going. I crossed the line last, but the whole stands stood up and clapped. That evening my knee was still hurting, but I felt strangely light. Our team did not win a medal that day. Yet our coach said something I will not forget: “A relay is not only about speed. It is about what you do when the baton is in your hand and everything goes wrong.” I did not become a faster runner this year. But I learned that finishing the race matters more than where you finish. 1. Which leg of the relay did the writer run? A. The first. B. The second. C. The third. D. The last. 2. What happened about twenty metres before the finishing line? A. The writer lost the baton but did not fall. B. The writer fell down. C. Class 5 was disqualified. D. The starter's gun went off. 3. How did the writer feel that evening? A. Angry and ashamed. B. Tired but peaceful inside. C. Proud of winning a medal. D. Sorry for the classmates. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Winning is the only goal of a relay. B. Finishing the race matters more than the result. C. Practice makes a fast runner. D. Stones on the track are dangerous. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇校园记事。作者在校运会接力赛中摔倒后重新爬起跑完全程，从中懂得“跑完”比“跑第几”更重要。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was the last runner of the 4×100-metre relay”(我是4×100米接力的最后一棒)可知作者跑最后一棒，故选D。A、B、C均与原文交代的位置不符。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“About twenty metres before the finishing line, my left foot hit a stone and I fell hard.”(距终点约二十米处，我左脚踢到石头，重重摔倒)可知B正确。A项只说掉棒、未提摔倒，漏掉主要情节；C项Class 5被取消资格、D项发令枪响，都发生在这一时间点之前或原文未提，属时间错位。 3．推理判断题（情感）。根据第四段“That evening my knee was still hurting, but I felt strangely light.”(那晚膝盖还疼，心里却莫名轻松)可知作者身体疼痛而内心释然，故选B。C项与“Our team did not win a medal”相矛盾，A、D与strangely light所传达的平静不符。 4．主旨大意题。末段“I did not become a faster runner this year. But I learned that finishing the race matters more than where you finish.”(我没有跑得更快，但我明白跑完全程比名次更重要)点明主旨，故选B。A与文意相反，C、D只涉及局部细节，属以偏概全。 Passage 2 Last summer, I signed up to be a young guide at the city museum. I thought it would be easy: I only had to tell visitors about twelve old pots. I was wrong. On my first morning, I stood in front of a group of thirty people and forgot every word I had prepared. My face turned red, and I could hear my own heart beating. A woman in a blue coat smiled and said, “Take your time, dear.” I took a deep breath and began with the smallest pot, the one I knew best. Once I started, the words came back. By the third week, I could answer questions about the pots without looking at my notes. A boy once asked me why one pot had a hole in its bottom. I did not know, so I wrote his question down and asked the museum staff. The next day I found him and gave him the answer. He looked at me as if I were a professor. On the last day, the head of the museum gave each young guide a small card. Mine said, “Thank you for making history friendly.” I still keep it in my desk drawer. I went to the museum to teach others something about the past. In the end, I learned something about myself. 5. What did the writer think of the job at first? A. It would be easy. B. It would be boring. C. It would be too hard. D. It would be badly paid. 6. What helped the writer start speaking on the first morning? A. A written speech. B. A gentle word from a visitor. C. The museum staff. D. A cup of water. 7. What did the writer do with the boy's question? A. He ignored it. B. He asked the boy to look it up. C. He found the answer and told him. D. He changed the topic. 8. What is the best title for the passage? A. Twelve Old Pots. B. A Shy Boy at the Museum. C. Learning While Teaching. D. How to Be a Guide. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇成长经历。作者暑期到市博物馆当少年讲解员，从紧张忘词到能脱稿答疑，在“教别人”的过程中也认识了自己。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“I thought it would be easy: I only had to tell visitors about twelve old pots.”(我原以为很轻松：只需向游客介绍十二只旧陶罐)可知作者起初认为工作容易，故选A。B、C、D与原文心理不符，属无中生有。 6．推理判断题（情节细节）。根据第二段“A woman in a blue coat smiled and said, ‘Take your time, dear.’ I took a deep breath and began”(一位穿蓝外套的女士笑着说“慢慢来，孩子”，我深吸一口气开始讲)可知是游客的鼓励让作者开口，故选B。A项与“forgot every word I had prepared”相矛盾，C项是第三周以后的事，属时间错位，D项无依据。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“I wrote his question down and asked the museum staff. The next day I found him and gave him the answer.”(我记下问题去请教馆员，第二天找到他并给出答案)可知C正确。A、B、D均与原文做法相反或无依据。 8．标题概括题。全文写作者从“忘词、脸红”到“能脱稿答疑”，并在结尾“I went to the museum to teach others something about the past. In the end, I learned something about myself.”(我本想去讲过去，最后却认识了自己)点题，C项“在教中学”最能涵盖全文。A、B只涉及局部情节，D把记叙文误作说明文，均不恰当。 Passage 3 Every Saturday morning, the small room on the second floor of the Sunshine Community Centre smells of ink (墨). Six children sit around a long table, holding brushes. At the head of the table stands Mr. Gu, 72, a retired Chinese teacher. Mr. Gu started the free calligraphy (书法) class four years ago. At first only two children came. “They ran in from the playground with dirty hands,” he remembers, laughing. “I told them that a clean heart matters more than clean hands.” Word spread, and now he has a waiting list. Mr. Gu does not only teach children how to write. Before each class, he tells a short story about a character — where it came from and what it once meant. The children then practise that character until the paper is full. “A character is not a picture to copy,” he often says. “It carries the thoughts of people who lived long before you.” The class costs nothing. Mr. Gu buys paper and ink with his own money, and refuses to accept payment from parents. “My eyes are not as good as before,” he says, “but my hand still remembers. As long as one child wants to learn, I will keep the door open.” Last month, one of his first students won a prize in a city competition. The boy brought the certificate to the community centre and put it on Mr. Gu's table. Mr. Gu looked at it for a long time, then said quietly, “This belongs to the room, not to me.” 9. How many children came to Mr. Gu's class at first? A. Two. B. Six. C. Twelve. D. Thirty. 10. What does Mr. Gu do before each class? A. He cleans the room. B. He tells a story about a character. C. He checks the children's hands. D. He reads the newspaper. 11. What can we learn about Mr. Gu from his words in Paragraph 4? A. He is proud of his eyesight. B. He is devoted to teaching children. C. He wants parents to pay him. D. He plans to close the class soon. 12. Why did Mr. Gu say the certificate belonged to the room? A. He did not like the boy. B. He thought the class shared the honour. C. He wanted to sell it. D. He had no place to put it. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物故事。72岁的退休语文教师顾老师在社区免费教孩子书法，不仅教写字，也讲汉字背后的文化，把荣誉归于整个课堂。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first only two children came.”(起初只有两个孩子来)可知A正确。B项six children是现在上课的人数，属时间张冠李戴；C、D在原文均无依据。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Before each class, he tells a short story about a character”(每次上课前，他都讲一个关于汉字的小故事)可知B正确。A、C、D在原文均无依据，属无中生有。 11．推理判断题（人物态度）。根据第四段“My eyes are not as good as before, but my hand still remembers. As long as one child wants to learn, I will keep the door open.”(眼力不如从前，但手还记得；只要有一个孩子想学，我就一直开着门)可知顾老师执着于教学，故选B。A项与not as good as before相反，C项与refuses to accept payment相反，D项与keep the door open相反。 12．推理判断题（言外之意）。根据末段“This belongs to the room, not to me.”(这属于这间教室，不属于我)可知他把荣誉归于整个课堂，故选B。A、C、D均属脱离语境的主观想象。 Passage 4 At 17, Wang Lin from Nantong has already helped save more than three tonnes of food. Her tool is not a truck but a small programme on a phone. The idea came from her grandmother. “She never throws food away,” Wang Lin says. “But in our school canteen, I saw trays with half-eaten rice going into the bin every day.” In her second year of senior high school, Wang Lin began to write a mini programme called Share a Meal. Restaurants, bakeries and school canteens can put unsold but still good food on it shortly before closing time. Users nearby get a message and pay a very low price — or nothing at all. The first months were hard. Some shop owners worried that free food would harm their business. Wang Lin visited them one by one after school, showing them the numbers: food thrown away costs money too. Slowly, twenty shops joined. Today the programme has about 3,000 users in the city. It has also become a small classroom: each order comes with a short note explaining how much water and land were used to produce that food. Wang Lin is now busy with her college entrance examination. Two younger students have taken over the daily work. “I hope the programme will live longer than my school years,” she says. “Food is not rubbish. It is the work of many hands.” 13. Where did Wang Lin get the idea? A. From a TV programme. B. From her grandmother's habit. C. From a shop owner. D. From her teacher. 14. What do users do through Share a Meal? A. Order food at a low price or for free. B. Cook meals for others. C. Sell their own vegetables. D. Teach children about farming. 15. Why were the first months hard? A. The programme often broke down. B. Some shop owners doubted the idea. C. Wang Lin had no phone. D. The city refused to help. 16. What can we learn about Wang Lin? A. She is creative and caring. B. She is shy and quiet. C. She is careless with money. D. She is tired of school. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻人物报道。17岁的王琳受祖母影响，开发“分享一餐”小程序，把临期食物以低价或免费提供给需要的人，减少浪费。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“The idea came from her grandmother.”(这个想法来自她的祖母)可知B正确。A、C、D均与原文出处不符，属张冠李戴。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Users nearby get a message and pay a very low price — or nothing at all.”(附近用户收到消息后以很低的价格——或分文不付——取餐)可知A正确。B、C、D把平台功能说错，原文并无“代做饭”“卖菜”“教农事”的内容。 15．推理判断题（因果）。根据第三段“Some shop owners worried that free food would harm their business.”(一些店主担心免费食物会影响生意)可知阻力来自店主的疑虑，故选B。A、C、D原文均未提及。 16．推理判断题（人物性格）。由“Her tool is not a truck but a small programme on a phone”“visited them one by one after school, showing them the numbers”与“Food is not rubbish. It is the work of many hands.”可知她善想办法、关心资源浪费，故选A。B、C、D与她的行动和言语不符。 Passage 5 The new boy arrived in our class in the middle of October. His name was Ahmed, and he had moved to Nanjing with his family from Sudan. On his first day he sat at the back, said nothing, and ate lunch alone. Our teacher, Ms. Zhou, did not make a speech about welcoming him. Instead, she gave our group a task: we were to design a poster about our school for the parents' meeting. Ahmed could draw, we soon discovered. His picture of the school gate, with the old tree beside it, was better than anything we had done. That was how the talking started. He told us that he had been in the school football team in his old city, and that he missed the sound of the crowd. So we invited him to join our lunchtime match. The first time he played, he scored twice. By December, Ahmed had learned enough Chinese to joke with us. When the poster won first prize, he stood on the stage with the rest of the group. Ms. Zhou took a photo, and later she put it on the classroom wall with a line under it: “Nobody is a stranger after one shared afternoon.” I used to think making a new classmate feel at home was the teacher's job. Now I know it is something we can do ourselves, with a pencil, a football, or simply a seat at the table. 17. Where did Ahmed come from? A. Sudan. B. Japan. C. Australia. D. Canada. 18. What was the group's task? A. To clean the classroom. B. To design a poster for the parents' meeting. C. To play a football match. D. To write a welcome letter. 19. How did the writer's class help Ahmed? A. By giving him money. B. By doing his homework. C. By drawing and playing football together with him. D. By asking the teacher to help him. 20. What can we learn from the passage? A. New students should sit at the back. B. Making a newcomer feel at home is something students can do. C. Football is the best way to make friends. 、 D. Teachers should not give group tasks. 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇校园记事。苏丹男孩艾哈迈德转入新班后沉默寡言，同学们通过一起画海报、踢足球让他融入集体，作者也因此懂得“归属感”可以靠自己去营造。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“he had moved to Nanjing with his family from Sudan”(他和家人从苏丹搬到南京)可知A正确。B、C、D均与原文国籍不符。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“she gave our group a task: we were to design a poster about our school for the parents' meeting”(她给我们组一个任务：为家长会设计一张介绍学校的海报)可知B正确。A、C、D均非任务内容，属张冠李戴。 19．推理判断题（情节归纳）。由第二段“His picture of the school gate ... was better than anything we had done”与第三段“we invited him to join our lunchtime match”可知同学们通过一起画画、踢球帮他融入，故选C。A、B、D与原文做法不符。 20．主旨大意题。末段“I used to think making a new classmate feel at home was the teacher's job. Now I know it is something we can do ourselves.”(我原以为让新同学有归属感是老师的事，现在知道我们自己也能做到)点明主旨，故选B。A与全文相反，C、D说法过于绝对，均属过度推断。 二、真题演练 Passage 1 （2025·江苏合格考） Peng Jingxuan plucks the strings (拨动琴弦) of her guzheng, a 13-string Chinese instrument. She is giving a street performance. And it is under the Eiffel Tower in Paris! In another French city, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. She wears traditional Chinese costume (戏装) and a pair of sunglasses, making her a combination of an ancient poet and a modern rock star. Both Peng and Zhao are popular on Chinese video platforms (平台), where they post videos of their street performances in France. They also share their videos on foreign social platforms, attracting many viewers from all over the world, who leave a lot of praises in different languages. Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, Peng has seen foreigners' increasing interest in Chinese culture. Some viewers even came up to thank her. Although they had never been to China, her music had touched them. Zhao's costume also draws crowds. “Our Chinese clothes and instruments are really eye-catching,” she said. “Viewers take photos on their phones.” To spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different periods in Chinese history and uses them to show the richness of Chinese culture to the world. She adds modern elements as well. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is mysterious (神秘的) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has unlimited possibilities and vitality (活力),” she explained. 1. Why did Peng Jingxuan and Zhao Yang play instruments in the streets of France? A. To recall good old days. B. To beg food from passers-by. C. To spread Chinese culture. D. To collect money for charity. 2. What might have driven the two girls to give performances? A. Warm weather. B. A comfortable life. C. A good income. D. National pride. 3. How do foreigners feel about the two girls' performances? A. Interested. B. Bored. C. Doubtful. D. Calm. 4. What is the feature of Zhao Yang's performance? A. Loud music. B. Strange costumes. C. Modern hairstyles. D. Mixed elements. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文（人物报道）。彭静旋与赵阳在法国街头演奏古筝、琵琶，以中国服饰与民乐吸引各国观众，主动传播中国文化。 1．细节理解题。根据末段“To spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different periods in Chinese history”(为了传播中国文化，赵阳研究了中国历史上不同时期的服饰与发型)可知两人街头演奏的目的是传播中国文化，故选C。A、D在原文无依据；B项把“街头表演”曲解为“乞讨”，属主观臆断。 2．推理判断题（人物动机）。由第四段“Peng has seen foreigners' increasing interest in Chinese culture. Some viewers even came up to thank her.”与第五段“Our Chinese clothes and instruments are really eye-catching”(我们的中国服饰和乐器真的很引人注目)可知，支撑她们坚持演奏的是对本民族文化的自豪，故选D。A、B与她们主动传播文化的行为相矛盾，C项“收入可观”文中未提及。 3．推理判断题（他人态度）。根据第三段“attracting many viewers from all over the world, who leave a lot of praises in different languages”(吸引世界各地众多观众，他们用不同语言留下大量赞美)可知外国观众很感兴趣，故选A。B、C、D均为消极或中性态度，与praises、interest相矛盾。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“making her a combination of an ancient poet and a modern rock star”与末段“She adds modern elements as well”(她还加入现代元素)可知赵阳的表演融合古今元素，故选D。A、B各执一端，C项把“古今结合”窄化为“现代发型”，属以偏概全。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏合格考） Have you ever been in a sports field when the crowd is so loud that it shakes the structure of the stands (看台)? Have you ever thought of using the loud noise? When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior high school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source. Lily Min was inspired by Pixar's film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children's screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy. To test her theory, she built a 22×12-inch size model of a typical sports field. She then played sounds at either 70 decibels (分贝) or 100 decibels like the noise in the sports field. The experiment's equipment wasn't good enough, unfortunately, and the amounts of electricity gathered were small. Lily found that with more advanced equipment and on a larger size, enough power could be produced. Lily says, “Turning sound into electrical energy makes a great contribution to reducing the energy use of a typical sports field. In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity, contributing to the energy needs of city development. Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy, thus reducing their total energy consumption (消耗).” 5. What really inspired Lily to turn sound into energy? A. A science experiment. B. A movie called Monsters, Inc. C. A basketball match. D. A visit to a sports field. 6. What was the purpose of Lily's experiment? A. To make noise in the sports field. B. To test how loudly crowds can shout. C. To find more advanced equipment. D. To prove noises can be changed into electricity. 7. Where might Lily's idea be applied? A. Schools and libraries. B. Factories and busy streets. C. Gardens and hotels. D. Cinemas and museums. 8. Which of the following best describes Lily? A. Curious and creative. B. Honest and confident. C. Brave and responsible. D. Careful and generous. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文（少年科创报道）。高中生Lily Min从动画电影获得灵感，设计装置把噪音转化为电能，并设想其在球场、街道与工厂的应用。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Lily Min was inspired by Pixar's film Monsters, Inc.”(莉莉受到皮克斯电影《怪兽电力公司》的启发)可知灵感来自电影，故选B。C项看NBA比赛只是引发疑问的场景，A、D也都不是她动念的直接来源，属张冠李戴。 6．推理判断题（行为目的）。根据第三段“To test her theory, she built a 22×12-inch size model of a typical sports field.”(为验证自己的设想，她做了一个运动场模型)可知实验目的是证明噪音可以转化为电能，故选D。A、B、C均把实验的手段或困难当成了目的。 7．细节理解题。根据末段“in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity”与“Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy”(交通繁忙城市的车辆噪音、工厂持续的噪音都可用来发电)可知B正确。A、C、D的地点组合在原文均未出现。 8．推理判断题（人物性格）。由第一段“wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source”(想能否把噪音变成能源)与第二段“designed a collection system”(设计了收集系统)可知莉莉好奇且富有创造力，故选A。B、C、D中的honest、brave、generous等品质在文中没有对应情节，属无依据推断。 Passage 3 （2024·江苏合格考英语） Fifteen-year-old Chen Ye has become the youngest Chinese champion in the 2023 Asian Games after winning the skateboarding (滑板) park men's finals. It's also the first gold medal for the Chinese team in the world championships for skateboarding. “I'm deeply thankful to my father for building two bowl training grounds for me,” Chen said in an interview. “When I started skateboarding, I felt it was a very exciting sport. I felt very happy after completing each move,” Chen said, comparing it with the piano and other hobbies that his father, Chen Wanqin, tried to introduce to him but which he found boring. Once Chen Ye showed his true interest, his father respected his choice and supported him. In 2019, Chen Ye joined the Guangdong provincial skateboarding team. To help his son's training, Chen Wanqin rented a large warehouse (仓库) to build a bowl training ground. After finishing second in the men's skateboarding park event at the 2021 National Games of China, Chen Wanqin built a new 900-square-meter skateboarding park in order to improve his son's performance. He even quit his job and spent all his savings in support of his son's interest. But his efforts paid off. After winning this gold medal, Chen Ye now had the confidence to aim higher. He hoped to perform better in global events and, if possible, take part in more Olympic ranking events. 9. What did Chen Ye thank his father for? A. Teaching him to play the piano. B. Building bowl training grounds for him. C. Taking him to the Asian Games. D. Buying him a new skateboard. 10. How did Chen Ye feel when he started skateboarding? A. Tired. B. Frightened. C. Happy. D. Bored. 11. What did Chen Wanqin do after his son showed true interest in skateboarding? A. He respected and supported him. B. He asked him to give it up. C. He sent him to another school. D. He sold the training ground. 12. What can we learn about Chen Ye from the last paragraph? A. He has decided to quit skating. B. He is confident and aims higher. C. He has won an Olympic gold medal. D. He will stop training with his father. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文（人物故事）。15岁的陈烨夺得2023年亚运会滑板公园赛冠军，父亲从建碗池、租仓库到辞去工作全力支持，父子二人的努力终有回报。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“I'm deeply thankful to my father for building two bowl training grounds for me”(我深深感谢父亲为我建了两个碗池训练场)可知B正确。A项与“tried to introduce to him but which he found boring”相反，C、D原文未提及，属无中生有。 10．推理判断题（情感）。根据第二段“When I started skateboarding, I felt it was a very exciting sport. I felt very happy after completing each move.”(刚开始滑板时觉得这项运动很刺激，每完成一个动作都很开心)可知他感到快乐，故选C。A、B、D与exciting、happy的表述相反，属正反颠倒。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段“Once Chen Ye showed his true interest, his father respected his choice and supported him.”(一旦陈烨表现出真正的兴趣，父亲便尊重他的选择并支持他)可知A正确。B、C、D与父亲“租仓库、建滑板公园、辞去工作”的一系列做法相矛盾。 12．推理判断题（结尾走向）。根据末段“Chen Ye now had the confidence to aim higher. He hoped to perform better in global events”(陈烨有了更高的目标，希望在全球赛事中表现更好)可知他信心增强、目标更高，故选B。C项把“希望参加更多奥运积分赛”说成“已获奥运金牌”，属偷换；A、D与原文相反。 Passage 4 （2023·江苏合格考） In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules (舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream (网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it's like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ‘space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 13. What was Wang Yaping's 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 14. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 15. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 16. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping's 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文（新闻特写）。2021年12月“天宫课堂”开讲，王亚平太空授课、翟志刚拍摄记录，学生们在惊叹与好奇中感受失重的奇妙。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities.”(12月，他们从太空为香港、北京等地学生上了一堂物理课)可知B正确。A、C、D均与physics不符。 14．推理判断题（情感）。根据第二段“Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement.”(学生们兴致勃勃地听这堂关于失重对物体运动影响的课)可知学生感到兴奋，故选A。B、C、D与excited、enjoyed所传达的积极情绪相矛盾。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests.”(她此前与翟志刚在舱外停留数小时，维修设备并做实验)可知D正确。A项是翟志刚在授课过程中的分工，B项是王亚平的任务，均属张冠李戴。 16．细节理解题。根据末段“the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer”(课堂内容更丰富多彩，直播更流畅、画面更清晰)可知C正确。A、B、D均与原文的比较结果相反。 Passage 5 （2023·江苏合格考） With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 17. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 18. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 19. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 20. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文（环保纪实）。文章叙述珠峰登山垃圾成灾的由来、2014年“带回18磅垃圾”规定的失效，以及尼泊尔方面推出的三条新规。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder.”(随着登山者增多，这座自然奇观上被留下更多垃圾)可知灾难由登山者遗留的垃圾造成，故选B。A项villagers、C项官员、D项自然产生，均与原文不符。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition, there is the problem with human waste. ... The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply.”(此外还有人类排泄物问题……污染当地水源)可知A正确。B、C、D只是登山装备，原文并未说其污染水源，属张冠李戴。 19．细节理解题。根据第二段“requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain”(要求登山者下山时带回18磅垃圾)可知D正确。A、B、C均与2014年的规定不符，属无中生有。 20．细节理解题（数量归纳）。末段以“First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths”“In addition, heavy fines will be given”“Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain”列出三条新规，故选B。A项漏计，C、D多计。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14 阅读理解（记叙文） 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 考核心考点精讲 3 考点一：记叙文要素与情节梳理（重点） 3 考点二：细节理解题（重点） 5 考点三：人物情感性格态度推断（重点） 6 考点四：主旨大意与标题概括 7 实战演练 8 考试要求 记叙文是江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语阅读理解中的常见体裁，多以人物经历、成长故事、校园生活为内容。记叙文通常按时间顺序展开情节，围绕who、what、when、where、why、how六要素组织材料，常在结尾处抒发情感或点明道理。合格考对记叙文的考查以细节理解为主，兼及推理判断（人物情感、性格、态度）与主旨大意、标题概括题。 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 记叙文要素与情节 5年5考 六要素的提取与情节先后顺序的梳理；人物、时间、地点的快速定位 预测2026年继续以人物成长、志愿服务类短文考查情节梳理 细节·推理·主旨 5年4考 细节信息定位；由言行推断人物情感、性格与态度；主旨大意与标题概括 预测2026年将结合文化传承、健康生活话题考查推理与标题题 记叙文以“讲故事”的方式记叙人物的经历与感受，阅读核心是“理要素—梳情节—品情感”。抓住时间线索与人物言行，既能迅速定位细节，又能据此推断人物情感、性格，并概括文章主旨与标题。 知识点1 记叙文的六要素与情节梳理 记叙文一般包含时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、原因（why）与方式（how）六要素，并按时间先后组织情节。把握六要素与情节线索，是读懂记叙文的第一步。 ①六要素 时间多由时间状语给出（On a rainy morning、Last summer）；地点由地点状语给出（in the village、outside the gate）；人物、事件须抓住主句的“谁做了什么”。 ②情节结构 一般按“开端—发展—高潮—结局”展开。题目常问事件发生的先后顺序，须依据first、then、after that、finally等信号词排序。 ③时间顺序与倒叙 多数记叙文按时间顺序叙述，也有文章以回忆（倒叙）开头。阅读时要区分“故事发生的时间”与“叙述的时间”，避免张冠李戴。 ④首尾呼应 记叙文常在首段交代背景、在末段抒发感受或点明道理（如I learned that…），首尾往往是主旨题与标题题的答案所在。 知识点2 细节理解题的定位与比对 记叙文的细节题占比最高，多为“谁做了什么、何时何地、为什么”。掌握从题干找关键词、回原文定位、再与选项比对的方法，可直接得分。 ①题干关键词定位 圈出题干中的人名、时间、地点、动作等实词，回到原文找到对应句子；记叙文答案往往就在该句或紧邻的上下句中。 ②注意代词指代 记叙文常用he、she、they、it、this等代词，题目若问“谁做了某事”，须回原文确认代词所指，避免张冠李戴。 ③因果与转折 because、so、as a result表示因果；but、however、although表示转折。转折词之后往往是作者真正想强调的信息，也是命题热点。 ④同义替换 正确选项常对原文进行同义改写（如repaired the bridge与fixed the bridge），须看意思而非字面，谨防“形似神非”。 知识点3 推理判断与主旨概括 ①情感态度推断 由人物的表情、动作与语言描写推断情感：jumped up and hugged表示excited；with tears in her eyes多为moved或thankful。 ②性格特征推断 由人物言行与评价推断性格：主动帮助他人体现kind、helpful；坚持不放弃体现determined、brave。 ③主旨与标题概括 主旨题看首尾段与反复出现的关键词；标题题要求简洁、涵盖全文，既不能以偏概全，也不能过于宽泛。 必记结论：记叙文解题“先理六要素，再梳情节线，后品人物情”；细节题回原文定位并核对代词指代；推理题依据人物言行，不作过度推断；主旨/标题题抓首尾段与高频词，忌以偏概全。 ⚠️避坑指南 ❌ 混淆情节顺序：题目问“先做什么”时，须依据first、then、finally等信号词排序，不要凭阅读印象作答。 ❌ 代词指代误判：he、she、they到底指谁，务必回原文确认，避免把甲做的事安到乙身上。 ❌ 过度推断情感或主旨：推理题以原文描写为依据，如无明示不可主观加码；主旨题不可把文中的细枝末节当作中心。 · 考点一 记叙文要素与情节梳理 例1On a rainy Monday morning, Jack found a small dog shivering outside the school gate. He took it to the animal shelter after class. Where did Jack find the little dog? A. In the classroom. B. Outside the school gate. C. At the animal shelter. D. In his home. 例2Mary got up early, cooked breakfast for her sick mother, and then hurried to school. Which of the following shows the correct order of what Mary did? A. Cooked breakfast → got up → went to school. B. Got up → cooked breakfast → went to school. C. Went to school → cooked breakfast → got up. D. Cooked breakfast → went to school → got up. 解题策略 1.要素定位法题干问when/where/who/what时，分别回到原文的时间状语、地点状语与主句的“谁做了什么”。 2.时间顺序法遇到排序题，依据first、then、after that、finally等信号词，为事件排出正确顺序。 3.首尾呼应法记叙文首段交代背景、末段抒发感受或点明道理，是主旨与标题题的重要依据。 · 记叙文要素与情节梳理考点总结 要素/结构 提问方式与提示 时间 when 题干问When…，回到表示时间的状语 地点 where 题干问Where…，注意in/at/on等地点短语 人物 who 题干问Who…，留意人名与代词指代 情节顺序 排序题依据first/then/finally等信号词 【变式训练1·基础巩固】Last Saturday, Lucy volunteered at the community library and helped children choose books. Where did Lucy volunteer last Saturday? A. At school. B. In the community library. C. In the park. D. At home. 【变式训练2·能力提升】Sam washed his face, put on his school uniform and rushed out of the door without breakfast. Which of the following shows the correct order of what Sam did? A. Put on his uniform → washed his face → rushed out. B. Washed his face → put on his uniform → rushed out. C. Rushed out → washed his face → put on his uniform. D. Washed his face → rushed out → put on his uniform. · 考点二 细节理解题 例1Tom's mother gave him a small box on his birthday. Inside was a hand-made bookmark she had made herself. What was in the box? A. A book. B. A bookmark. C. A pen. D. A photo. 例2After the heavy flood, the villagers rebuilt the bridge in only ten days. How long did it take the villagers to rebuild the bridge? A. Ten days. B. Ten weeks. C. Ten months. D. Two years. 解题策略 1.原句比对法细节题答案必在原文有依据，找到对应句后逐词比对，不要凭印象或常识作答。 2.指代确认法题目问“谁做了什么”时，先回原文确认he/she/they的指代对象，再判断选项主语是否正确。 3.转折关注法关注but、however、although之后的句子，作者真正强调的信息常在转折之后。 · 记叙文细节理解题考点总结 选项特征 是否可入选 说明 原文原句或同义转述 入选 能在原文找到明确依据 原文未提及的信息 排除 无中生有 主语张冠李戴的选项 排除 把甲做的事安到乙身上 数字单位被偷换的选项 排除 如days被换成weeks 与原文意思相反的表述 排除 正反颠倒 【变式训练1·基础巩固】On his first day at the new school, Ben felt nervous and stood alone in the corner of the playground. How did Ben feel on his first day? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Angry. D. Proud. 【变式训练2·能力提升】Grace borrowed a book from the school library last week and promised to return it before Friday. When did Grace promise to return the book? A. Before Monday. B. Before Friday. C. Before Sunday. D. Next month. · 考点三 推理判断题（人物情感、性格、态度） 例1"Don't worry. I will help you finish the work," said Lucy with a smile. What kind of person is Lucy? A. Lazy. B. Helpful and kind. C. Shy and quiet. D. Careless. 例2When the teacher announced the result, Peter jumped up and hugged his classmates. How did Peter feel? A. Sad. B. Angry. C. Excited. D. Nervous. 解题策略 1.言行推断法由人物的语言和动作推断其情感与性格，如jumped up表excited、with a smile表friendly。 2.评价词推断法留意文中他人对人物的评价性形容词与副词，它们往往直接揭示人物性格。 3.合理推断法推断须以原文描写为依据，避免加入原文未提供的个人想象，防止“过度推断”。 · 人物情感、性格与态度推断题考点总结 题目问法 推断依据 结论词示例 How did sb. feel? 表情、动作、心理描写 excited / sad / nervous What kind of person is sb.? 人物言行与他人评价 kind / brave / honest What is sb.'s attitude? 评价性形容词与副词 positive / negative What can we infer? 上下文逻辑与常识 合理推断，勿过度 Why did sb. do sth.? 文中因果信号词 because / so / in order to 【变式训练1·基础巩固】Although it was raining hard, Ann kept running and never stopped until she reached the finishing line. What kind of person is Ann? A. Lazy. B. Determined. C. Careless. D. Shy. 【变式训练2·能力提升】Hearing the good news that his team had won, Mr. Green could hardly hold back his tears of joy. How did Mr. Green feel? A. Disappointed. B. Frightened. C. Deeply moved and happy. D. Bored. · 考点四 主旨大意与标题概括题 例1A poor boy from a small village studied hard and finally became a famous doctor who saved many lives. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Poor Boy. B. From a Poor Boy to a Famous Doctor. C. How to Save Lives. D. A Difficult Test. 例2Amy practised the violin for two hours every day. At last she won first prize in the city competition. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Practice leads to success. B. Music is difficult to learn. C. Competitions are unfair. D. Violins are expensive. 解题策略 1.首尾提炼法记叙文的主旨常在首段背景与末段感受、议论句中，抓住首尾段即可把握主旨。 2.高频词提炼法反复出现的人、事、物往往是文章的核心，据此概括主旨、拟定标题。 3.选项筛查法排除过于宽泛（over-general）、过于狭窄（too narrow）或原文未提及的选项，选出最能涵盖全文的一项。 · 主旨大意与标题概括题考点总结 题型 识别标志 解题要点 主旨大意题 mainly about / main idea 抓首尾段与高频词 标题概括题 best title 简洁、涵盖全文、忌以偏概全 写作意图题 purpose of the passage 关注写作缘由与结尾议论 段落大意题 What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? 概括该段中心句 寓意启示题 What can we learn from the story? 从结尾议论句提炼道理 选项排除法 干扰项常过宽或过窄 排除超范围、无依据项 【变式训练1·基础巩固】A young man lost his job but kept learning new skills online. One year later, he started his own company. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Lost Job. B. Never Give Up and Learn. C. The Internet Is Useful. D. How to Start a Company. 【变式训练2·能力提升】Every weekend, Grandma Li cleans the small park near her home, though nobody asks her to do so. "I just want my neighbours to have a clean place to relax," she says. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Grandma Li likes cleaning. B. Grandma Li does something good for her neighbours without being asked. C. The park is always dirty. D. Old people should rest at home. 一、模拟基础练 Passage 1 Last Friday was our school sports meeting. I was the last runner of the 4×100-metre relay, and I had practised the baton (接力棒) pass for three weeks. When the starter's gun went off, our first runner got away quickly, but by the third leg we were half a step behind Class 5. Then the baton was in my hand. I ran as fast as I could. About twenty metres before the finishing line, my left foot hit a stone and I fell hard. My knee burned, and the baton rolled away. For a second I wanted to stay on the ground. Then I heard my classmates shouting my name from the side of the track. I got up, picked up the baton and kept going. I crossed the line last, but the whole stands stood up and clapped. That evening my knee was still hurting, but I felt strangely light. Our team did not win a medal that day. Yet our coach said something I will not forget: “A relay is not only about speed. It is about what you do when the baton is in your hand and everything goes wrong.” I did not become a faster runner this year. But I learned that finishing the race matters more than where you finish. 1. Which leg of the relay did the writer run? A. The first. B. The second. C. The third. D. The last. 2. What happened about twenty metres before the finishing line? A. The writer lost the baton but did not fall. B. The writer fell down. C. Class 5 was disqualified. D. The starter's gun went off. 3. How did the writer feel that evening? A. Angry and ashamed. B. Tired but peaceful inside. C. Proud of winning a medal. D. Sorry for the classmates. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Winning is the only goal of a relay. B. Finishing the race matters more than the result. C. Practice makes a fast runner. D. Stones on the track are dangerous. Passage 2 Last summer, I signed up to be a young guide at the city museum. I thought it would be easy: I only had to tell visitors about twelve old pots. I was wrong. On my first morning, I stood in front of a group of thirty people and forgot every word I had prepared. My face turned red, and I could hear my own heart beating. A woman in a blue coat smiled and said, “Take your time, dear.” I took a deep breath and began with the smallest pot, the one I knew best. Once I started, the words came back. By the third week, I could answer questions about the pots without looking at my notes. A boy once asked me why one pot had a hole in its bottom. I did not know, so I wrote his question down and asked the museum staff. The next day I found him and gave him the answer. He looked at me as if I were a professor. On the last day, the head of the museum gave each young guide a small card. Mine said, “Thank you for making history friendly.” I still keep it in my desk drawer. I went to the museum to teach others something about the past. In the end, I learned something about myself. 5. What did the writer think of the job at first? A. It would be easy. B. It would be boring. C. It would be too hard. D. It would be badly paid. 6. What helped the writer start speaking on the first morning? A. A written speech. B. A gentle word from a visitor. C. The museum staff. D. A cup of water. 7. What did the writer do with the boy's question? A. He ignored it. B. He asked the boy to look it up. C. He found the answer and told him. D. He changed the topic. 8. What is the best title for the passage? A. Twelve Old Pots. B. A Shy Boy at the Museum. C. Learning While Teaching. D. How to Be a Guide. Passage 3 Every Saturday morning, the small room on the second floor of the Sunshine Community Centre smells of ink (墨). Six children sit around a long table, holding brushes. At the head of the table stands Mr. Gu, 72, a retired Chinese teacher. Mr. Gu started the free calligraphy (书法) class four years ago. At first only two children came. “They ran in from the playground with dirty hands,” he remembers, laughing. “I told them that a clean heart matters more than clean hands.” Word spread, and now he has a waiting list. Mr. Gu does not only teach children how to write. Before each class, he tells a short story about a character — where it came from and what it once meant. The children then practise that character until the paper is full. “A character is not a picture to copy,” he often says. “It carries the thoughts of people who lived long before you.” The class costs nothing. Mr. Gu buys paper and ink with his own money, and refuses to accept payment from parents. “My eyes are not as good as before,” he says, “but my hand still remembers. As long as one child wants to learn, I will keep the door open.” Last month, one of his first students won a prize in a city competition. The boy brought the certificate to the community centre and put it on Mr. Gu's table. Mr. Gu looked at it for a long time, then said quietly, “This belongs to the room, not to me.” 9. How many children came to Mr. Gu's class at first? A. Two. B. Six. C. Twelve. D. Thirty. 10. What does Mr. Gu do before each class? A. He cleans the room. B. He tells a story about a character. C. He checks the children's hands. D. He reads the newspaper. 11. What can we learn about Mr. Gu from his words in Paragraph 4? A. He is proud of his eyesight. B. He is devoted to teaching children. C. He wants parents to pay him. D. He plans to close the class soon. 12. Why did Mr. Gu say the certificate belonged to the room? A. He did not like the boy. B. He thought the class shared the honour. C. He wanted to sell it. D. He had no place to put it. Passage 4 At 17, Wang Lin from Nantong has already helped save more than three tonnes of food. Her tool is not a truck but a small programme on a phone. The idea came from her grandmother. “She never throws food away,” Wang Lin says. “But in our school canteen, I saw trays with half-eaten rice going into the bin every day.” In her second year of senior high school, Wang Lin began to write a mini programme called Share a Meal. Restaurants, bakeries and school canteens can put unsold but still good food on it shortly before closing time. Users nearby get a message and pay a very low price — or nothing at all. The first months were hard. Some shop owners worried that free food would harm their business. Wang Lin visited them one by one after school, showing them the numbers: food thrown away costs money too. Slowly, twenty shops joined. Today the programme has about 3,000 users in the city. It has also become a small classroom: each order comes with a short note explaining how much water and land were used to produce that food. Wang Lin is now busy with her college entrance examination. Two younger students have taken over the daily work. “I hope the programme will live longer than my school years,” she says. “Food is not rubbish. It is the work of many hands.” 13. Where did Wang Lin get the idea? A. From a TV programme. B. From her grandmother's habit. C. From a shop owner. D. From her teacher. 14. What do users do through Share a Meal? A. Order food at a low price or for free. B. Cook meals for others. C. Sell their own vegetables. D. Teach children about farming. 15. Why were the first months hard? A. The programme often broke down. B. Some shop owners doubted the idea. C. Wang Lin had no phone. D. The city refused to help. 16. What can we learn about Wang Lin? A. She is creative and caring. B. She is shy and quiet. C. She is careless with money. D. She is tired of school. Passage 5 The new boy arrived in our class in the middle of October. His name was Ahmed, and he had moved to Nanjing with his family from Sudan. On his first day he sat at the back, said nothing, and ate lunch alone. Our teacher, Ms. Zhou, did not make a speech about welcoming him. Instead, she gave our group a task: we were to design a poster about our school for the parents' meeting. Ahmed could draw, we soon discovered. His picture of the school gate, with the old tree beside it, was better than anything we had done. That was how the talking started. He told us that he had been in the school football team in his old city, and that he missed the sound of the crowd. So we invited him to join our lunchtime match. The first time he played, he scored twice. By December, Ahmed had learned enough Chinese to joke with us. When the poster won first prize, he stood on the stage with the rest of the group. Ms. Zhou took a photo, and later she put it on the classroom wall with a line under it: “Nobody is a stranger after one shared afternoon.” I used to think making a new classmate feel at home was the teacher's job. Now I know it is something we can do ourselves, with a pencil, a football, or simply a seat at the table. 17. Where did Ahmed come from? A. Sudan. B. Japan. C. Australia. D. Canada. 18. What was the group's task? A. To clean the classroom. B. To design a poster for the parents' meeting. C. To play a football match. D. To write a welcome letter. 19. How did the writer's class help Ahmed? A. By giving him money. B. By doing his homework. C. By drawing and playing football together with him. D. By asking the teacher to help him. 20. What can we learn from the passage? A. New students should sit at the back. B. Making a newcomer feel at home is something students can do. C. Football is the best way to make friends. 、 D. Teachers should not give group tasks. 二、真题演练 Passage 1 （2025·江苏合格考） Peng Jingxuan plucks the strings (拨动琴弦) of her guzheng, a 13-string Chinese instrument. She is giving a street performance. And it is under the Eiffel Tower in Paris! In another French city, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. She wears traditional Chinese costume (戏装) and a pair of sunglasses, making her a combination of an ancient poet and a modern rock star. Both Peng and Zhao are popular on Chinese video platforms (平台), where they post videos of their street performances in France. They also share their videos on foreign social platforms, attracting many viewers from all over the world, who leave a lot of praises in different languages. Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, Peng has seen foreigners' increasing interest in Chinese culture. Some viewers even came up to thank her. Although they had never been to China, her music had touched them. Zhao's costume also draws crowds. “Our Chinese clothes and instruments are really eye-catching,” she said. “Viewers take photos on their phones.” To spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different periods in Chinese history and uses them to show the richness of Chinese culture to the world. She adds modern elements as well. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is mysterious (神秘的) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has unlimited possibilities and vitality (活力),” she explained. 1. Why did Peng Jingxuan and Zhao Yang play instruments in the streets of France? A. To recall good old days. B. To beg food from passers-by. C. To spread Chinese culture. D. To collect money for charity. 2. What might have driven the two girls to give performances? A. Warm weather. B. A comfortable life. C. A good income. D. National pride. 3. How do foreigners feel about the two girls' performances? A. Interested. B. Bored. C. Doubtful. D. Calm. 4. What is the feature of Zhao Yang's performance? A. Loud music. B. Strange costumes. C. Modern hairstyles. D. Mixed elements. Passage 2 （2025·江苏合格考） Have you ever been in a sports field when the crowd is so loud that it shakes the structure of the stands (看台)? Have you ever thought of using the loud noise? When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior high school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source. Lily Min was inspired by Pixar's film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children's screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy. To test her theory, she built a 22×12-inch size model of a typical sports field. She then played sounds at either 70 decibels (分贝) or 100 decibels like the noise in the sports field. The experiment's equipment wasn't good enough, unfortunately, and the amounts of electricity gathered were small. Lily found that with more advanced equipment and on a larger size, enough power could be produced. Lily says, “Turning sound into electrical energy makes a great contribution to reducing the energy use of a typical sports field. In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity, contributing to the energy needs of city development. Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy, thus reducing their total energy consumption (消耗).” 5. What really inspired Lily to turn sound into energy? A. A science experiment. B. A movie called Monsters, Inc. C. A basketball match. D. A visit to a sports field. 6. What was the purpose of Lily's experiment? A. To make noise in the sports field. B. To test how loudly crowds can shout. C. To find more advanced equipment. D. To prove noises can be changed into electricity. 7. Where might Lily's idea be applied? A. Schools and libraries. B. Factories and busy streets. C. Gardens and hotels. D. Cinemas and museums. 8. Which of the following best describes Lily? A. Curious and creative. B. Honest and confident. C. Brave and responsible. D. Careful and generous. Passage 3 （2024·江苏合格考英语） Fifteen-year-old Chen Ye has become the youngest Chinese champion in the 2023 Asian Games after winning the skateboarding (滑板) park men's finals. It's also the first gold medal for the Chinese team in the world championships for skateboarding. “I'm deeply thankful to my father for building two bowl training grounds for me,” Chen said in an interview. “When I started skateboarding, I felt it was a very exciting sport. I felt very happy after completing each move,” Chen said, comparing it with the piano and other hobbies that his father, Chen Wanqin, tried to introduce to him but which he found boring. Once Chen Ye showed his true interest, his father respected his choice and supported him. In 2019, Chen Ye joined the Guangdong provincial skateboarding team. To help his son's training, Chen Wanqin rented a large warehouse (仓库) to build a bowl training ground. After finishing second in the men's skateboarding park event at the 2021 National Games of China, Chen Wanqin built a new 900-square-meter skateboarding park in order to improve his son's performance. He even quit his job and spent all his savings in support of his son's interest. But his efforts paid off. After winning this gold medal, Chen Ye now had the confidence to aim higher. He hoped to perform better in global events and, if possible, take part in more Olympic ranking events. 9. What did Chen Ye thank his father for? A. Teaching him to play the piano. B. Building bowl training grounds for him. C. Taking him to the Asian Games. D. Buying him a new skateboard. 10. How did Chen Ye feel when he started skateboarding? A. Tired. B. Frightened. C. Happy. D. Bored. 11. What did Chen Wanqin do after his son showed true interest in skateboarding? A. He respected and supported him. B. He asked him to give it up. C. He sent him to another school. D. He sold the training ground. 12. What can we learn about Chen Ye from the last paragraph? A. He has decided to quit skating. B. He is confident and aims higher. C. He has won an Olympic gold medal. D. He will stop training with his father. Passage 4 （2023·江苏合格考） In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules (舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream (网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it's like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ‘space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 13. What was Wang Yaping's 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 14. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 15. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 16. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping's 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. Passage 5 （2023·江苏合格考） With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 17. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 18. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 19. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 20. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $