精品解析：上海市上海师范大学附属宝山罗店中学2026-2027学年第一学期高三年级第一次诊断调研英语

2026 学年第一学期高三年级第一次诊断调研 英语 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （10 分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Timeless Tradition of Chinese Tea Ceremony The Chinese tea ceremony, known as gongfu cha, represents one of China’s ____1____ (refined) cultural practices, blending philosophy, etiquette, and sensory appreciation into a single ritual. ____2____ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), this tradition has evolved into a meditative art form that continues to captivate both practitioners and observers worldwide. The tea ceremony is built around four key elements: good tea, clean water, the right teapot, and proper brewing methods. Tea experts first heat special Yixing clay teapots — these teapots improve with repeated use ____3____ they soak up tea flavors. Then they add oolong or Pu’er tea leaves. The water is kept hot but never boiling ____4____ (bring) out the tea’s best taste, and the same leaves are used to make several cups of tea. Every action ____5____ (matter), from washing the leaves to pouring tea into small cups, following traditional rules that require full concentration. The tea ceremony is not just about making tea. It teaches important life values like peace and respect, which Confucius taught long ago. When tea is poured in circles, it represents how life keeps going. Serving tea to older people first shows respect for elders. Scientists now prove ____6____ ancient people knew — a substance called L-theanine in tea helps people feel calm but focused. This natural relaxing effect ____7____ (exist) hundreds of years before people started talking about “mindfulness”. Interestingly, regional variations reveal cultural diversity. Fujian’s ceremonies emphasize floral aromas, ____8____ Tibetan butter tea addresses high-altitude nutritional needs. Contemporary adaptations include tea-meditation hybrids in Shanghai skyscrapers, proving this ancient practice remains dynamically relevant. As globalization accelerates, the tea ceremony offers a counterbalance — a space ____9____ time slows down, relationships deepen, and we reconnect with nature’s rhythms. This 1,300-year-old tradition still teaches us invaluable lessons ____10____ patience, precision, and presence in our fast-paced world. Section B （10 分） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfamiliar B. redefine C. distinguish D. measurable E. impressions F. coining G. social H. standard I. undeserved J. breakdown K. wealth Do you sometimes feel like a cheat? Recently we have become interested in a particular aspect of fraudulence — impostor syndrome — the sense that our accomplishments are in some way ____11____, even if the evidence is to the contrary. Impostor syndrome seems to have become increasingly common. That is partly because we have given the phenomenon a name. Two psychologists, Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes, are credited with ____12____ the term in a landmark study in the late 1970s, in which they identified the “internal experience” of feeling like an “intellectual cheat”. But our growing preoccupation (念念不忘) with impostorism is also a result of fundamental ____13____ change. In the past, most people were employed to make things — and it’s fairly easy to ____14____ an expert chairmaker or bricklayer from a green hand. Many more of us now work in the service economy: our lives are spent creating ____15____ rather than real items. There is no objective____16____ for providing a “great customer experience”. To be an excellent manager is a vague thing. At every level of every field, the number of roles where achievement is neither entirely ____17____ nor objective has grown. Professional life today leaves us trying to____18____ourselves. We no longer have “a job for life”, but instead search endlessly for promotion and variety, which leads us to promise things we don’t yet know how to do. The ____19____ of class structures has worsened this phenomenon. The disappearance of the feudal (封建的) system is a good thing, but when we are no longer born into a role, or when we find ourselves in a job that would have been ____20____ to, or even impossible for, our parents, it’s hardly surprising that we worry about whether or not we deserve it. III. Reading Comprehension Section A （15 分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it—consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create____21____to a solution. Now a new study____22____on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem. When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation（TMR）, aimed at further enhancing____23____memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets____24____. In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether____25____the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of____26____. First, they____27____spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement—and a device played the sounds ____28____to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again.（Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.） All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the ____29____puzzles. The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their _____30_____." says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to _____31_____the component processes that are actually being influenced." Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have _____32_____implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible—and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before _____33_____. Still, sleep is not _____34_____; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally _____35_____cancer research." 21. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways 22. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes 23. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened 24. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched 25. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting 26. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation 27. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified 28. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced 29. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested 30. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks 31. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about 32. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective 33. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling 34. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible 35. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant of Section B （22 分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away — for example, because he owns a house and has a family — he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail (保释金). At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there are enough reasons to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted (宣判有罪), the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation (缓刑). The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government. 36. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people. B. The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent. C. Under the American court system, the judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty. D. The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect. 37. According to the passage, “he can go free” (para. 3) means ________. A. the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him B. the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent C. the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial D. the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not 38. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail? A. To pay for the judge and the trial. B. To ensure that the suspect will return to court. C. To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect. D. To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison. 39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. The jury considers the evidence in the court room. B. The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons. C. It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent. D. The American justice system sometimes operates not so quickly. （B） measure ['meʒə] noun, verb ●noun 1.[C, often pl.] an action that is intended to achieve or deal with something: a temporary measure to stop the problem, taken stronger measures against drug abuse 2. [C] an amount of a particular quality that is neither large nor small 3.[+of] a way of judging something: a measure of one’s ability 4.[C] an object such as a RULER used for finding out a particular measurement 4a a system used for expressing a particular quantity: liquid and dry measures [PHR] ①be a measure of sth to show how good a particular quality is ②beyond measure very large great: The beauty of the West Lake is beyond measure. ③for good measure as a way of making something complete or better. Add some salt to the soup for good measure. ④the full measure of sth something at is strongest, most powerful etc.: We were treated to the full measure of her anger. ⑤take sb’s measure to know or understand what someone is really like so that you can decide how to deal with them or defeat them. ⑥half measures action that fails to deal with something completely or effectively. ⑦in full measure to the greatest degree or in the largest amount [IDM] ①measure for measure: to do something harmful or unpleasant to someone because they have done something harmful or unpleasant to you ②for good measure as an extra part ③keep measures with: be not mean to ●verb 1. to find the exact size, amount speed etc. of something using a special tool or special equipment: measure the distance between the two points/measure the atmospheric gases responsible for the or one destruction 2.[linking verb] to be a particular size: The room measures about 12 feet by 13 feet 3. to find the size of someone’s body in order to buy or make clothes for them: measure sb. for a new suit 4. [often passive] to form an opinion about how good or bad something is 5.[PHRV] 1. measure off: to measure a particular length, width, height etc, often at a point where something is to be cut: He took a piece of cloth and measured off a couple of meters. 2. measure out: to take a particular amount of something from a larger amount 3. measure up ①to be good enough. ②to measure something in preparation for making, building, or fitting something else. I measure up the boards and then Joe cuts them into pieces. 40. —The manager lost his face at the meeting yesterday as the employees spoke out against him. —I think the punishment is________ because he is always rude to us. A. for good measure B. a measure of him C. measure for measure D. beyond measure 41. If a car does not________ to the standard or expectations of customers. it won’t sell well on the market. A. measure up B. measure out C. measure off D. measure about 42. Which of the following italicized ‘measure’ does not agree with the others in meaning? A. Their joys and laughs were a good measure of satisfaction with the meal. B. Record sales are not always a measure of a singer’s popularity. C. With the exception of Jordan, each achieved a measure of success. D. The headmaster has no reliable measure of the damage done to his reputation. （C） With economies in free fall, managers need up-to-date information about what is happening to their businesses, so that they can change course rapidly if necessary. Cisco, an American network-equipment giant, has invested over many years in the technology needed to generate such data. Frank Calderoni, the firm’s CEO, says that every day its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment (部分). And at the end of each month, the firm can get reliable financial results within four hours of closing its books. Most firms have to wait days or even weeks for such certainty. Admittedly, Cisco’s financial results have not made happy reading recently because, in common with many other large technology companies, it has seen demand for its products drop in the downturn. In early February, it announced that its fiscal second-quarter revenues of $ 9.1 billion were 7.5% lower than the same period in 2008 and that its profit had fallen by 27%, to $1.5 billion. In response to hard times, Cisco plans to cut $1 billion from its costs this year by, among other things, making use of its own video-conferencing and other communication technologies to reduce the amount its executives travel. It is also using these facilities to convey information from employees on the ground to its senior managers, and to get instructions from Cisco’s leaders back out to its staff of 67,000. A rapid exchange of information and instructions is especially valuable if the company wants to alter course during stormy times. If everybody in a company can rapidly grasp what they have to do and how it is changing, they are more likely to get the job done. But some firms are reluctant to share their goals with the wider world. Unilever, a big Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group, has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy. “We’re not just going to provide numbers for the sake of it,” explains James Allison, the company’s head of investor relations. Other companies that have decided not to provide annual earnings estimates for 2009 include Costco, a big American retailer, and Union Pacific, an American railway company. Some firms, such as Intel, seem to have chosen to take things quarter by quarter. The giant chip maker said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90%. Several retail chains have also stopped providing monthly sales estimates because they cannot see what the future holds. Retailers, chip makers and firms in many other industries may have to wait a while before the economic fog finally lifts. 43. What can we learn about Cisco from the passage? A. It will keep a record of the orders from its sales teams. B. It plans to cut $1 billion in costs by solely relying on its own technologies. C. Only employees can use the video-conferencing technologies to pass on information. D. Unlike other technology companies, its financial reports are encouraging. 44. The underlined word “downturn” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. reverse B. slow down C. policy D. expansion 45. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. Economic prospects play a key role in investment decisions. B. Unilever is unwilling to forecast its finances due to its poor performance. C. Those who refuse to update will be eliminated from their companies. D. Employees who are willing to share their goals can do the job well. 46. What can we know about the chip maker Intel from the passage? A. Intel chain stores used to report sales estimates by the year. B. Intel’s profits had greatly decreased in the last quarter of 2008. C. Only retailers and chip makers have been affected by the economic downturn. D. It did not issue a first-quarter forecast because of its big decrease in profit in January. Section C （8 分） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Professor Theodore Levitt, an American economist and professor at Harvard Business School, believes that 20th-century American railroads defined their business too narrowly, especially when they expressly stated, “We are in the railroad business!” ____47____ So railroads failed to develop strategies to compete with airlines, barges, pipelines, and trucks. As a result, many railroads merged (合并) or went bankrupt. Railroads should have realized they were in “the transportation business.” Similarly, the publishing industry defined its business as being only about the printing of newspapers and magazines. The dramatic decline in demand for print publications, however, suggests that it should view itself as being in the information and entertainment business. With today’s increased global competition, many organizations are rethinking their business models — the strategies an organization develops to provide value to the customers it serves. Technological innovation is often the trigger for this business model change, particularly when it is linked to consumer needs. ____48____ It shifted its original DVD rental model to a video streaming model, and then to an original content production model. Bookstore retailer Barnes & Noble, too, is rethinking its business model as e-book readers like Amazon’s Kindle and Apple’s iPad have gained widespread popularity. ____49____ The company started as a limousine service called UberCab. Soon the business was redefined as a ride-sharing service when it added UberX and UberPool apps which allowed drivers to use their own cars. The definition expanded further, to transportation, when UberRush was added to provide package delivery and UberEats was added to provide food delivery from restaurants. ___50___ In fact, Forbes magazine simply describes Uber’s business model as a “frictionless (无摩擦的) middleman.” A. In the early 20th century, railroad executives made a disastrous error, believing they were only in the railroad business. B. Uber, the recent start-up known for its car transportation services, is continually redefining its business. C. Today, taking a lesson from Theodore Levitt, Uber sees itself as much more than a cab service, ride-sharing service or delivery service. D. The repeated change of the definition of Uber has aroused much controversy. E. Netflix, for example, changed its business model several times. F. This near-sighted focus caused them to lose sight of who their customers were and what they needed. IV. Summary Writing （10 分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to poor counterparts. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good. It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives. However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled (盗用) by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food on their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to a country’s long-term development. In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, and governments throughout the world should be prudent (审慎的) when it comes to sending and receiving aid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation （15 分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 万一在地铁上发生紧急状况，请击碎玻璃并按下红色按钮。(case) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 这所小学计划调整课表，以使学生进行户外活动并午睡成为可能。(it) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 这款手机样式新颖，功能多样，而且操作简单，一定能满足不同人群的多样化需求。(bound) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 这个开在公路旁的老字号餐馆极其讲究食材的原汁原味，所用海鲜都是从沿海地区直接空运而来。(emphasis) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing （25 分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 明启中学下周将举办校运会。假如你是高三（1）班的班长李明，计划带领本班志愿者服务队为参赛选手和观众提供志愿者服务。请起草一份倡议书，向全班同学说明你的计划，倡议书的内容如下： 1. 高三（1）班志愿者服务的具体工作内容和人员安排； 2. 提供该项志愿者服务的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026 学年第一学期高三年级第一次诊断调研 英语 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （10 分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Timeless Tradition of Chinese Tea Ceremony The Chinese tea ceremony, known as gongfu cha, represents one of China’s ____1____ (refined) cultural practices, blending philosophy, etiquette, and sensory appreciation into a single ritual. ____2____ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), this tradition has evolved into a meditative art form that continues to captivate both practitioners and observers worldwide. The tea ceremony is built around four key elements: good tea, clean water, the right teapot, and proper brewing methods. Tea experts first heat special Yixing clay teapots — these teapots improve with repeated use ____3____ they soak up tea flavors. Then they add oolong or Pu’er tea leaves. The water is kept hot but never boiling ____4____ (bring) out the tea’s best taste, and the same leaves are used to make several cups of tea. Every action ____5____ (matter), from washing the leaves to pouring tea into small cups, following traditional rules that require full concentration. The tea ceremony is not just about making tea. It teaches important life values like peace and respect, which Confucius taught long ago. When tea is poured in circles, it represents how life keeps going. Serving tea to older people first shows respect for elders. Scientists now prove ____6____ ancient people knew — a substance called L-theanine in tea helps people feel calm but focused. This natural relaxing effect ____7____ (exist) hundreds of years before people started talking about “mindfulness”. Interestingly, regional variations reveal cultural diversity. Fujian’s ceremonies emphasize floral aromas, ____8____ Tibetan butter tea addresses high-altitude nutritional needs. Contemporary adaptations include tea-meditation hybrids in Shanghai skyscrapers, proving this ancient practice remains dynamically relevant. As globalization accelerates, the tea ceremony offers a counterbalance — a space ____9____ time slows down, relationships deepen, and we reconnect with nature’s rhythms. This 1,300-year-old tradition still teaches us invaluable lessons ____10____ patience, precision, and presence in our fast-paced world. 【答案】1. most refined 2. Dating 3. because##since##as 4. to bring 5. matters 6. what 7. had existed 8. while 9. where 10. such as 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国功夫茶这一悠久的茶道传统，涵盖其历史起源、核心要素、承载的文化价值、不同地域的特色差异，以及在当代社会的独特意义。 【1题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：被称为功夫茶的中国茶道是中国最精致的文化实践之一，将哲学、礼仪和感官欣赏融合为一套仪式。句子结构为“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”，表示“最……的之一”，refined的最高级形式为most refined。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一传统追溯到唐朝（公元618-907年），已经演变成一种冥想的艺术形式，持续吸引着全球的从业者和观赏者。本句中谓语动词为has evolved，设空处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语this tradition与date back to为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。首字母大写。 【3题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：茶艺师先预热特制的宜兴紫砂壶——这类茶壶越用越好，因为它们会吸附茶香。前后分句为因果关系，后一分句是前一分句的原因，可用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：水要保持温热但绝不能煮沸，以激发茶的最佳风味，相同的茶叶可以用来冲泡好几杯茶。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”。 【5题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从洗茶到往小杯里倒茶的每一个动作都很重要，整个过程要遵循需要全神贯注的传统规则。全文主体时态为一般现在时，主语Every action是单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：如今科学家证实了古人所知晓的事——茶叶中一种名为L-茶氨酸的物质能帮助人们感到平静且专注。设空处引导宾语从句，作prove的宾语，从句中knew后缺少宾语，表示“……的事物”，用连接代词what。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：这种天然的放松效应早在人们开始谈论“正念”的数百年前就已经存在了。“人们开始谈论正念”是过去的动作，“效应存在”发生在该过去动作的数百年之前，属于“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时。 【8题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：福建的茶道强调花香，而西藏的酥油茶则满足高海拔地区的营养需求。前后两分句对比不同地域茶道的差异，while作连词可表示“而，然而”，用于对比。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：随着全球化加速，茶道提供了一种平衡——一个时间放缓、关系深化、我们重新与自然节奏联结的空间。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a space，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 【10题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这一拥有1300年历史的传统，至今仍向我们传递着宝贵的教诲，例如在快节奏的现代生活中培养耐心、精确和专注。此处表示举例说明，译为“例如”用such as。 Section B （10 分） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfamiliar B. redefine C. distinguish D. measurable E. impressions F. coining G. social H. standard I. undeserved J. breakdown K. wealth Do you sometimes feel like a cheat? Recently we have become interested in a particular aspect of fraudulence — impostor syndrome — the sense that our accomplishments are in some way ____11____, even if the evidence is to the contrary. Impostor syndrome seems to have become increasingly common. That is partly because we have given the phenomenon a name. Two psychologists, Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes, are credited with ____12____ the term in a landmark study in the late 1970s, in which they identified the “internal experience” of feeling like an “intellectual cheat”. But our growing preoccupation (念念不忘) with impostorism is also a result of fundamental ____13____ change. In the past, most people were employed to make things — and it’s fairly easy to ____14____ an expert chairmaker or bricklayer from a green hand. Many more of us now work in the service economy: our lives are spent creating ____15____ rather than real items. There is no objective____16____ for providing a “great customer experience”. To be an excellent manager is a vague thing. At every level of every field, the number of roles where achievement is neither entirely ____17____ nor objective has grown. Professional life today leaves us trying to____18____ourselves. We no longer have “a job for life”, but instead search endlessly for promotion and variety, which leads us to promise things we don’t yet know how to do. The ____19____ of class structures has worsened this phenomenon. The disappearance of the feudal (封建的) system is a good thing, but when we are no longer born into a role, or when we find ourselves in a job that would have been ____20____ to, or even impossible for, our parents, it’s hardly surprising that we worry about whether or not we deserve it. 【答案】11. I 12. F 13. G 14. C 15. E 16. H 17. D 18. B 19. J 20. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讨论了“冒名顶替综合征”为何越来越普遍。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最近，我们对欺诈行为的一个特定方面——冒名顶替综合征产生了兴趣，该综合征指的是即便有相反证据，仍认为自己的成就在某种程度上是不应得的感受。此处位于be动词are之后、in some way之后，需形容词说明accomplishments的性质；按语境，应用形容词undeserved“不应得的”。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：两位心理学家保罗琳·克兰斯和苏珊娜·艾姆斯在20世纪70年代末的一项开创性研究中首次提出了这一术语，他们明确了感觉自己像“智力骗子”的内在体验。be credited with中with为介词，后接名词/动名词；coin a term表示“创造/提出术语”，coin应用动名词形式。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但我们对冒名顶替现象的日益执着，也是根本性的社会变化的结果。此处修饰名词change；后文由制造业转向服务业、阶级结构瓦解均属社会变化，应用形容词social“社会的”，作定语。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：过去，大多数人从事的是生产性工作——要区分一位技艺精湛的椅子匠或泥瓦匠和一名新手工人相当容易。固定句型It is+adj.+to do...中it为形式主语，真正主语为不定式；distinguish...from...表示“把……和……区分开”符合语境。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今，我们中有更多人从事服务型经济工作：我们的生活被用来创造印象，而非生产实际产品。creating后接名词作宾语；与real items相对，服务经济产出的是impression“印象/感受”，可数名词，与items是并列成分，应用复数形式。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：提供“绝佳客户体验”并没有客观标准。objective为形容词，后接名词；固定句型There is no objective standard for...表示“……没有客观标准”。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在各行各业各个层级，成就既非完全可衡量、也非完全客观的角色越来越多。neither...nor...连接并列表语，nor后为objective，故空格也用形容词 measurable“可衡量的”，与 objective 呼应。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当今的职业生活让我们不断试图重新定义自己。try to do sth.后接动词原形；后文“不再一份职业做到老，而是不断寻找晋升和变化”说明要redefine ourselves“重新定义自我”。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：阶级结构的瓦解加剧了这一现象。此处作主语，应用名词；the breakdown of...表示“……的瓦解/崩溃”，与后文封建制度消失呼应。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：封建制度的消失是一件好事，但当我们不再生来就有一个角色，或者当我们发现自己从事的工作对我们的父母来说是不熟悉的，甚至是不可能的，我们担心自己是否配得上它，这并不奇怪。此处是固定短语be unfamiliar to sb.“为某人所不熟悉”；与impossible并列，说明岗位的新异性。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A （15 分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it—consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create____21____to a solution. Now a new study____22____on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem. When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation（TMR）, aimed at further enhancing____23____memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets____24____. In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether____25____the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of____26____. First, they____27____spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement—and a device played the sounds ____28____to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again.（Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.） All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the ____29____puzzles. The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their _____30_____." says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to _____31_____the component processes that are actually being influenced." Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have _____32_____implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible—and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before _____33_____. Still, sleep is not _____34_____; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally _____35_____cancer research." 21. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways 22. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes 23. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened 24. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched 25. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting 26. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation 27. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified 28. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced 29. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested 30. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks 31. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about 32. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective 33. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling 34. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible 35. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant of 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究通过使用声音线索将睡眠中的大脑集中在一个目标问题上，进一步来研究“潜伏期”的影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，休息或小睡可以帮助大脑创造通往解决方案的路径。A. applications申请，应用；B. commitment许诺，承诺；C. attention注意； D. pathways路径，途径。根据后文的to a solution可知，空处应使用pathways，表示“解决问题的途径”。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，一项新的研究通过使用声音线索将睡眠中的大脑集中在一个目标问题上，来扩大研究这种所谓的潜伏期的影响。A. counts数数；B. expands扩展；C. insists坚持；D. passes传递。前文“Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create____1____to a solution.”提到了“潜伏期”的影响。而新的研究应该是扩大研究“潜伏期”的影响。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，研究人员开发了一种技术，称为定向记忆再激活(TMR) ，旨在进一步增强选定的记忆：当一个声音与记忆联系起来，然后在睡眠中播放时，记忆就会被激活。A. treasured珍视的，宝贵的；B. selected 挑选的，选定的；C. devoted投入的；D. shortened缩短的。根据前文中的targeted memory reactivation中的targeted可知，空处应填近义词selected。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，研究人员开发了一种技术，称为定向记忆再激活(TMR) ，旨在进一步增强选定的记忆：当一个声音与记忆联系起来，然后在睡眠中播放时，记忆就会被激活。A. dimmed使…暗淡；B. stored存储；C. reactivated使恢复活力；D. researched研究。根据前文中的targeted memory reactivation中的reactivation可知，空处应填reactivated。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年11月发表在《心理科学》杂志上的一项研究中，科学家们测试了是否在睡眠中重温一个谜题的记忆也能提高解决问题的能力。A. neglecting忽视；B. examining检查；C. erasing抹去，消除；D. revisiting再访。根据空后的during sleep可推出，应该是白天没有解出谜题，晚上睡觉时再访（revisit）该记忆。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约60名参与者在睡觉前后参观了实验室。A. sleep睡觉；B. experiment实验；C. training训练；D. relaxation放松。根据空前的a night of可推知，应该是一夜睡眠（sleep）。后文中的sleep也印证了答案。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们尝试了空间、语言和概念性的难题，每个难题背景中都有一个独特的音乐片段，直到他们完成了六个他们无法解决的难题。A. created创造；B. solved 解决；C. attempted尝试；D. classified归类。根据后文中的“until they had worked on”可知，在work on之前，他们应该是尝试（attempt）解决谜题。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整整一夜，他们佩戴电极来检测慢波睡眠，这可能对增强记忆很重要--并且一个设备播放分配给六个未解决的谜题中三个的声音。A. assigned分配；B. transformed改变；C. explained解释；D. introduced介绍。be assigned to为固定搭配，意为“分配给…”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，受试者解决了32% 的声音刺激的难题，相比之下，只解决了21% 的非靶向性的难题。A. unsettled未解决的；B. untargeted非靶向性的；C. unstated未陈述的；D. untested未检验的。根据前文的compared with可知，空处应使用与sound-stimulated相反的词，untargeted “非靶向性的”，即没有声音刺激的，符合题意。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员非常勇敢地进行涉及许多复杂处理的相当复杂的任务，并且他们惊人地发现这些在他们所有的任务中真正强大的效果。A. puzzles谜；B. brains脑子；C. processes过程；D. tasks任务。根据空前的tasks可知，空处也应使用tasks，前后叙述一致。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，我们需要走出去，首先复制它们，然后试图找出实际上正在受到影响的组件过程，从而试图理解它们。A. work out解决；B. turn to转向…；C. take on承担；D. bring about促成。根据空前的try to understand them可知，空处应使用work out，表达“解决”之意，才能understand them。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了提供新的证据证明人类在睡眠中重组记忆外，这项研究还可能有实际意义。A. individual个人的；B. conceptual概念的；C. practical 实际的；D. collective集体的，共同的。根据后文的“In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems,”提出的实际意义可知，空处应填practical。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：睡眠监测技术正变得越来越容易使用--即使没有设备，未来的解决者也可以在睡前专注于重要的问题。A. dinner晚餐；B. dawn日出；C. bed床；D. schooling学校教育。根据前文的Sleep-monitoring technology中的sleep可知，空处应使用bed。前后语义相关。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，睡眠并不是魔法。A. significant重要的；B. magic神奇的，魔法的；C. fixed固定的；D. possible可能的。前文提到了该技术的多种好处，后文 “I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique” 却提到该技术的局限性，因此推测这项技术不是魔法（magic）。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：因为我对癌症研究一无所知。A. dependent on取决于；B. curious about 对…好奇；C. interested in对…感兴趣；D. ignorant of对…无知。根据前文“I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique”可知，Sanders应是对癌症知识不熟悉（ignorant）。故选D项。 Section B （22 分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away — for example, because he owns a house and has a family — he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail (保释金). At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there are enough reasons to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted (宣判有罪), the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation (缓刑). The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government. 36. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people. B. The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent. C. Under the American court system, the judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty. D. The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect. 37. According to the passage, “he can go free” (para. 3) means ________. A. the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him B. the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent C. the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial D. the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not 38. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail? A. To pay for the judge and the trial. B. To ensure that the suspect will return to court. C. To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect. D. To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison. 39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. The jury considers the evidence in the court room. B. The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons. C. It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent. D. The American justice system sometimes operates not so quickly. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍美国司法体系的目的、完整办案流程，强调该体系旨在保护公民权利。 【36题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people.(美国法院体系的目的是保护人民的权利。)”以及尾段 “The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people.(美国司法体系非常复杂，有时运行缓慢。但每一步都是为了保护人民的权利。)” 可知，全文核心是美国法院体系旨在保护民众权利。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away — for example, because he owns a house and has a family — he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail (保释金).(法官决定嫌疑人应被关押还是释放。如果嫌疑人没有犯罪前科，法官认为他会出庭而不会逃跑，例如他有房产和家庭，he can go free。否则嫌疑人必须缴纳保释金。)” 可知，没有犯罪前科，法官认为他会出庭而不会逃跑，例如他有房产和家庭，这些条件可以保证嫌疑人在审判前不用待在监狱，也不用交钱，可以在外等候庭审。所以he can go free指嫌疑人在审判前不用待在监狱，也不用交钱，可以在外等候庭审。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away — for example, because he owns a house and has a family — he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail（保释金）.(如果嫌疑人没有犯罪前科，法官认为他会出庭而不会逃跑，例如他有房产和家庭，那么他可以获得释放。否则嫌疑人必须缴纳保释金。)” 可推断，缴纳保释金的目的是确保嫌疑人会返回法庭受审，不会弃保潜逃。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly.(美国司法体系非常复杂，有时运行缓慢。)” 可知，美国司法系统有时运转没那么快。 （B） measure ['meʒə] noun, verb ●noun 1.[C, often pl.] an action that is intended to achieve or deal with something: a temporary measure to stop the problem, taken stronger measures against drug abuse 2. [C] an amount of a particular quality that is neither large nor small 3.[+of] a way of judging something: a measure of one’s ability 4.[C] an object such as a RULER used for finding out a particular measurement 4a a system used for expressing a particular quantity: liquid and dry measures [PHR] ①be a measure of sth to show how good a particular quality is ②beyond measure very large great: The beauty of the West Lake is beyond measure. ③for good measure as a way of making something complete or better. Add some salt to the soup for good measure. ④the full measure of sth something at is strongest, most powerful etc.: We were treated to the full measure of her anger. ⑤take sb’s measure to know or understand what someone is really like so that you can decide how to deal with them or defeat them. ⑥half measures action that fails to deal with something completely or effectively. ⑦in full measure to the greatest degree or in the largest amount [IDM] ①measure for measure: to do something harmful or unpleasant to someone because they have done something harmful or unpleasant to you ②for good measure as an extra part ③keep measures with: be not mean to ●verb 1. to find the exact size, amount speed etc. of something using a special tool or special equipment: measure the distance between the two points/measure the atmospheric gases responsible for the or one destruction 2.[linking verb] to be a particular size: The room measures about 12 feet by 13 feet 3. to find the size of someone’s body in order to buy or make clothes for them: measure sb. for a new suit 4. [often passive] to form an opinion about how good or bad something is 5.[PHRV] 1. measure off: to measure a particular length, width, height etc, often at a point where something is to be cut: He took a piece of cloth and measured off a couple of meters. 2. measure out: to take a particular amount of something from a larger amount 3. measure up ①to be good enough. ②to measure something in preparation for making, building, or fitting something else. I measure up the boards and then Joe cuts them into pieces. 40. —The manager lost his face at the meeting yesterday as the employees spoke out against him. —I think the punishment is________ because he is always rude to us. A. for good measure B. a measure of him C. measure for measure D. beyond measure 41. If a car does not________ to the standard or expectations of customers. it won’t sell well on the market. A. measure up B. measure out C. measure off D. measure about 42. Which of the following italicized ‘measure’ does not agree with the others in meaning? A. Their joys and laughs were a good measure of satisfaction with the meal. B. Record sales are not always a measure of a singer’s popularity. C. With the exception of Jordan, each achieved a measure of success. D. The headmaster has no reliable measure of the damage done to his reputation. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章是从字典上摘录下来的一个关于measure的用法英文解释及其用法。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章中“[IDM] ①measure for measure: to do something harmful or unpleasant to someone because they have done something harmful or unpleasant to you ([习语]一报还一报:因为别人做了对你有害或不愉快的事，所以对别人做了有害或不愉快的事)”可知，measure for measure为“一报还一报；恶有恶报”之意，符合所给语境。故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章中“3. measure up ①to be good enough. ②to measure something in preparation for making, building, or fitting something else. (3. measure up ①足够好；合格。②为制造、建造或安装其他东西而测量。)”可知，如果一辆车没有达到顾客的标准或期望。它在市场上卖不好。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。A.Their joys and laughs were a good measure of satisfaction with the meal.（他们的欢声笑语很好地说明了他们对这顿饭的满意程度。）B.Record sales are not always a measure of a singer’s popularity.（唱片销量并不总是衡量歌手受欢迎程度的标准。） C.With the exception of Jordan, each achieved a measure of success.（除了约旦，每个国家都取得了一定程度的成功。）D.The headmaster has no reliable measure of the damage done to his reputation.（校长不知道他的声誉受到了多大的损害。）结合每个选项的语境不难发现ABD选项都有“是某物品性好的证明”之意，而C选项中a measure of意为“一定程度的”。故选C。 （C） With economies in free fall, managers need up-to-date information about what is happening to their businesses, so that they can change course rapidly if necessary. Cisco, an American network-equipment giant, has invested over many years in the technology needed to generate such data. Frank Calderoni, the firm’s CEO, says that every day its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment (部分). And at the end of each month, the firm can get reliable financial results within four hours of closing its books. Most firms have to wait days or even weeks for such certainty. Admittedly, Cisco’s financial results have not made happy reading recently because, in common with many other large technology companies, it has seen demand for its products drop in the downturn. In early February, it announced that its fiscal second-quarter revenues of $ 9.1 billion were 7.5% lower than the same period in 2008 and that its profit had fallen by 27%, to $1.5 billion. In response to hard times, Cisco plans to cut $1 billion from its costs this year by, among other things, making use of its own video-conferencing and other communication technologies to reduce the amount its executives travel. It is also using these facilities to convey information from employees on the ground to its senior managers, and to get instructions from Cisco’s leaders back out to its staff of 67,000. A rapid exchange of information and instructions is especially valuable if the company wants to alter course during stormy times. If everybody in a company can rapidly grasp what they have to do and how it is changing, they are more likely to get the job done. But some firms are reluctant to share their goals with the wider world. Unilever, a big Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group, has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy. “We’re not just going to provide numbers for the sake of it,” explains James Allison, the company’s head of investor relations. Other companies that have decided not to provide annual earnings estimates for 2009 include Costco, a big American retailer, and Union Pacific, an American railway company. Some firms, such as Intel, seem to have chosen to take things quarter by quarter. The giant chip maker said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90%. Several retail chains have also stopped providing monthly sales estimates because they cannot see what the future holds. Retailers, chip makers and firms in many other industries may have to wait a while before the economic fog finally lifts. 43. What can we learn about Cisco from the passage? A. It will keep a record of the orders from its sales teams. B. It plans to cut $1 billion in costs by solely relying on its own technologies. C. Only employees can use the video-conferencing technologies to pass on information. D. Unlike other technology companies, its financial reports are encouraging. 44. The underlined word “downturn” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. reverse B. slow down C. policy D. expansion 45. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. Economic prospects play a key role in investment decisions. B. Unilever is unwilling to forecast its finances due to its poor performance. C. Those who refuse to update will be eliminated from their companies. D. Employees who are willing to share their goals can do the job well. 46. What can we know about the chip maker Intel from the passage? A. Intel chain stores used to report sales estimates by the year. B. Intel’s profits had greatly decreased in the last quarter of 2008. C. Only retailers and chip makers have been affected by the economic downturn. D. It did not issue a first-quarter forecast because of its big decrease in profit in January. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍在经济萧条背景下，思科等企业依靠实时信息快速调整经营策略，同时部分企业因经济前景不明朗，选择不再发布财务预测。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Frank Calderoni, the firm’s CEO, says that every day its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment (部分).(该公司首席执行官弗兰克・卡尔德罗尼表示，公司高管每天都可以精准追踪全球销售团队收到的订单，并识别各个地区和细分市场的新趋势。)”可知，思科会记录销售团队的订单。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段 “Admittedly, Cisco’s financial results have not made happy reading recently because, in common with many other large technology companies, it has seen demand for its products drop in the downturn.(诚然，思科近期的财务数据并不乐观，和许多其他大型科技公司一样，在经济低迷时期，其产品需求也出现了downturn。)”可知，近期的财务数据并不乐观，是因为它遭遇了产品需求在经济低迷时期发展缓慢，由此可推知，downturn表示经济放缓，slow down(慢下来)与之词义最接近。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Unilever, a big Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group, has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy.(英荷大型消费品集团联合利华决定不向投资者发布 2009 年财务预测，理由是考虑到严峻的全球经济形势，很难预判未来走向。)”可推知，经济前景会对投资决策起到关键作用。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The giant chip maker said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90%.(这家芯片巨头在一月份表示，由于 2008 年第四季度利润下降 90%，它不会发布 2009 年第一季度的官方预测。)”可知，英特尔在 2008 年第四季度利润大幅下滑。 Section C （8 分） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Professor Theodore Levitt, an American economist and professor at Harvard Business School, believes that 20th-century American railroads defined their business too narrowly, especially when they expressly stated, “We are in the railroad business!” ____47____ So railroads failed to develop strategies to compete with airlines, barges, pipelines, and trucks. As a result, many railroads merged (合并) or went bankrupt. Railroads should have realized they were in “the transportation business.” Similarly, the publishing industry defined its business as being only about the printing of newspapers and magazines. The dramatic decline in demand for print publications, however, suggests that it should view itself as being in the information and entertainment business. With today’s increased global competition, many organizations are rethinking their business models — the strategies an organization develops to provide value to the customers it serves. Technological innovation is often the trigger for this business model change, particularly when it is linked to consumer needs. ____48____ It shifted its original DVD rental model to a video streaming model, and then to an original content production model. Bookstore retailer Barnes & Noble, too, is rethinking its business model as e-book readers like Amazon’s Kindle and Apple’s iPad have gained widespread popularity. ____49____ The company started as a limousine service called UberCab. Soon the business was redefined as a ride-sharing service when it added UberX and UberPool apps which allowed drivers to use their own cars. The definition expanded further, to transportation, when UberRush was added to provide package delivery and UberEats was added to provide food delivery from restaurants. ___50___ In fact, Forbes magazine simply describes Uber’s business model as a “frictionless (无摩擦的) middleman.” A. In the early 20th century, railroad executives made a disastrous error, believing they were only in the railroad business. B. Uber, the recent start-up known for its car transportation services, is continually redefining its business. C. Today, taking a lesson from Theodore Levitt, Uber sees itself as much more than a cab service, ride-sharing service or delivery service. D. The repeated change of the definition of Uber has aroused much controversy. E. Netflix, for example, changed its business model several times. F. This near-sighted focus caused them to lose sight of who their customers were and what they needed. 【答案】47. A 48. E 49. B 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章以铁路行业、出版业、网飞公司和优步公司为例，阐述企业不能狭隘定义自身业务，要根据时代变化重新思考、调整商业模式。 【47题详解】 前文“Professor Theodore Levitt, an American economist and professor at Harvard Business School, believes that 20th-century American businesses defined their business too narrowly, especially when they expressly stated, ‘We are in the railroad business!’(美国经济学家、哈佛商学院教授西奥多・莱维特认为，20 世纪的美国企业对自身业务的定义过于狭隘，尤其是当他们明确宣称：‘我们从事铁路行业！’)”介绍铁路企业对自身业务的狭隘定位，后文“So railroads failed to develop strategies to compete with airlines, buses, pipelines, and trucks.(因此铁路公司无法制定策略与航空、巴士、管道运输以及卡车运输行业展开竞争。)”讲述该定位带来的不良后果。A项“在20世纪早期，铁路高管犯下了一个灾难性的错误，他们认为自己只属于铁路行业。”承接上文铁路企业的例子，引出下文的恶果。 【48题详解】 前文“Technological innovation is often the trigger for this business model change, particularly when it is linked to consumer needs.(技术创新往往是商业模式变革的诱因，尤其当它和消费者需求相关时。)”提出技术创新推动商业模式变革，后文“It shifted its original DVD rental model to a video streaming model, and then to an original content production model. Bookstore retailer Barnes & Noble, too, is rethinking its business model as e-book readers like Amazon’s Kindle and Apple’s iPad have gained widespread popularity.(它从最初的DVD租赁模式转型为视频流媒体模式，之后又转型为原创内容制作模式。随着亚马逊Kindle、苹果iPad等电子书阅读器广为流行，书店零售商巴诺书店也在重新思考自身商业模式。)”列举企业转型实例。E项“例如，网飞公司多次改变其商业模式。”举例支撑前面观点，引出下文的具体说明。 【49题详解】 后文“The company started as a limousine service called UberCab. Soon the business was redefined as a ride-sharing service when it added UberX and UberPool apps which allowed drivers to use their own cars. The definition expanded further, to transportation, when UberRush was added to provide package delivery and UberEats was added to provide food delivery from restaurants.(这家公司最初是一家名为UberCab的豪华轿车服务公司。不久，该业务被重新定义为拼车服务，它上线UberX和UberPool应用，允许司机使用私家车接单。在新增提供包裹配送的UberRush和提供餐厅外卖的UberEats之后，业务定义进一步拓展至交通运输领域。)”详细介绍优步不断重新定义业务的发展历程。B项“优步，这家凭借汽车运输服务为人熟知的新兴企业，一直在重新定义自身业务。”总领本段优步的例子。 【50题详解】 前文“The company started as a limousine service called UberCab. Soon the business was redefined as a ride-sharing service when it added UberX and UberPool apps which allowed drivers to use their own cars. The definition expanded further, to transportation, when UberRush was added to provide package delivery and UberEats was added to provide food delivery from restaurants.(这家公司最初是一家名为UberCab的豪华轿车服务公司。不久，该业务被重新定义为拼车服务，它上线UberX和UberPool应用，允许司机使用私家车接单。在新增提供包裹配送的UberRush和提供餐厅外卖的UberEats之后，业务定义进一步拓展至交通运输领域。)”介绍优步业务范围不断扩大，后文“In fact, Forbes magazine simply describes Uber's business model as a ‘frictionless (无摩擦的) middleman.’(事实上，《福布斯》杂志简单地将优步的商业模式描述为一名‘无摩擦的中间商’。)”概括优步商业模式的本质。C项“如今，吸取西奥多・莱维特的教训，优步认为自身远不止是出租车服务、拼车服务或是配送服务商。”承接上文业务拓展，引出后文对其商业模式的总结。 IV. Summary Writing （10 分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to poor counterparts. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good. It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives. However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled (盗用) by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food on their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to a country’s long-term development. In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, and governments throughout the world should be prudent (审慎的) when it comes to sending and receiving aid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although international aid benefits poor countries by building infrastructure, providing clean water and disaster relief, it has more serious drawbacks. Aid may be embezzled by corrupt officials, finance weapons in war zones, disrupt local markets and create dependence, hindering long-term development. Thus, despite limited merits, aid often defeats its purpose, so governments should handle it prudently. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍国际援助虽能给贫困国家带来一些好处，但弊端更多，援助容易被挪用、助长冲突、破坏本土市场并催生依赖，因此各国对待国际援助应当审慎。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. ② It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives. ③ However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled (盗用) by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. ④ In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. 2.缜密构思 将第①②点整合为让步，概括国际援助的有限益处；第③点概括援助的多项弊端；第④点作为结论，提出各国对待援助需谨慎。 3.遣词造句 Although international aid can help poor countries construct infrastructure, supply clean water and offer disaster relief, it has more disadvantages. Aid may be stolen by corrupt officials, fuel conflicts, disturb local markets and cause reliance, blocking long-term development. So governments should treat international aid cautiously despite its limited advantages. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Although international aid can help poor countries construct infrastructure, supply clean water and offer disaster relief, it has more disadvantages. (运用了although引导让步状语从句) 【高分句型2】Aid may be stolen by corrupt officials, fuel conflicts, disturb local markets and cause reliance, blocking long-term development. (运用现在分词短语blocking long-term development作结果状语) V. Translation （15 分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 万一在地铁上发生紧急状况，请击碎玻璃并按下红色按钮。(case) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In case of an emergency on the subway, please break the glass and press the red button. 【解析】 【详解】“万一”表达为in case of；“紧急状况”表达为an emergency； “在地铁上”表达为on the subway；“击碎玻璃”表达为break the glass；“按下红色按钮”表达为press the red button；本句为公共场合的指令类提示语，主句用祈使句。 53. 这所小学计划调整课表，以使学生进行户外活动并午睡成为可能。(it) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The primary school plans to adjust its timetable to make it possible for students to have outdoor activities and take a nap. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“这所小学”应用The primary school，作主语；表示“计划”应用plans，表示按计划发生的事情应用一般现在时；表示“调整课表”应用to adjust its timetable，不定式作plan的宾语；表示“以使……成为可能”应用to make it possible，不定式作目的状语，it作形式宾语；表示“学生进行户外活动并午睡”应用for students to have outdoor activities and take a nap，不定式复合结构作make真正的宾语。 54. 这款手机样式新颖，功能多样，而且操作简单，一定能满足不同人群的多样化需求。(bound) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 This mobile phone, with a novel design, diverse functions and easy operation, is bound to meet the diverse needs of different groups of people. 【解析】 【详解】“样式新颖”表达为novel design；“功能多样”表达为diverse functions；“操作简单”表达为easy operation，三者是手机的固有属性，用with引导伴随状语置于主语后，句式更简洁地道。固定搭配为be bound to do sth.，表“必定、一定会”，恰好对应原句“一定”的语义。“满足不同人群的多样化需求”是常用固定表达，译为meet the diverse needs of different groups of people。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语this mobile phone为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。 55. 这个开在公路旁的老字号餐馆极其讲究食材的原汁原味，所用海鲜都是从沿海地区直接空运而来。(emphasis) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The time-honored restaurant beside the highway lays great emphasis on the original flavor of its ingredients, and all the seafood it uses is directly airlifted from coastal areas. 【解析】 【详解】句子描述当前状态用一般现在时，“这个开在公路旁的老字号餐馆”译为the time-honored restaurant beside the highway，作主语，“极其讲究”译为lay great emphasis on，主语是restaurant，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式lays great emphasis on，“食材的原汁原味”译为the original flavor of its ingredients，前后句子之间是并列关系，应使用并列连词and连接，后句主语“海鲜”译为all the seafood，“海鲜”使用定语从句结构修饰all the seafood，译为it uses，先行词指物，且前边由all修饰，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词that引导从句，且关系词可以省略，“直接空运而来”译为directly airlift，与主语之间是被动关系，使用被动语态，即is directly airlifted，“从沿海地区”译为from coastal areas，即The time-honored restaurant beside the highway lays great emphasis on the original flavor of its ingredients, and all the seafood it uses is directly airlifted from coastal areas. VI. Guided Writing （25 分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 明启中学下周将举办校运会。假如你是高三（1）班的班长李明，计划带领本班志愿者服务队为参赛选手和观众提供志愿者服务。请起草一份倡议书，向全班同学说明你的计划，倡议书的内容如下： 1. 高三（1）班志愿者服务的具体工作内容和人员安排； 2. 提供该项志愿者服务的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear classmates, Our school sports meeting is to be held next week. As monitor of Class 1, Senior 3, I’m writing to appeal to you to join our volunteer team. We will divide volunteers into two groups. One group will offer help for competitors, preparing water and first-aid supplies. The other will guide audiences to their seats and keep order. While buried in heavy revision for the college entrance examination, we can still spare some time for this activity. Not only can we serve others, but we will also develop our sense of responsibility. It is teamwork that makes the sports meeting a success. I hope more classmates will sign up. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生起草一份倡议书，向全班同学说明你计划带领本班志愿者服务队为参赛选手和观众提供志愿者服务。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：join→participate in 引导：guide→usher 沉浸在：(be) buried in→(be) immersed in 腾出时间：spare time→set aside time 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The other will guide audiences to their seats and keep order. 拓展句：The other group, whose task is to maintain order, will guide audiences to their seats. 【点睛】【高分句型1】While buried in heavy revision for the college entrance examination, we can still spare some time for this activity. (运用了while引导的状语从句的省略) 【高分句型2】Not only can we serve others, but we will also develop our sense of responsibility.(not only...but also连接句子时，not only位于句首，该部分用部分倒装) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $