精品解析：福建省福州第四十中学2026-2027学年第一学期高二10月月考英语试卷

福州第四十中学2025—2026学年第一学期高二年级英语学科 10月阶段性练习 考试时间： 120分钟 总分： 150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A TV series. B. A star. C. A song. 2. When will the man probably finish the clean-up activity? A. At about 9 a. m. B. At about 11 a. m. C. At about 3 p. m. 3. What is the man’s problem? A. He has a headache. B. He failed his exams. C. He lacks enough exercise. 4. How much money can the speaker’s make on one pen? A.$3. B.$5. C.$8. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a library. C. In a bookstore. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the man try to avoid eating? A. Chips. B. Meat. C. Sugar. 7. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Exchanging ideas. B. Making a diet plan. C. Developing a good sleep habit. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. How long will the woman have to wait for the man at most? A. 10 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 40 minutes. 9. Why does the woman have to wait? A. The man fell asleep. B. The man helped a person. C. The man had an accident. 10. How does the woman sound in the end? A. Understanding. B. Impatient. C. Annoyed. 听第8段录音，回答第11至 13题。 11. Why will the man go to Milan next month? A. To travel. B. To study. C. To work. 12. How long will the man stay in Milan? A. Five days. B. Three days. C. One day. 13. What will the man do next? A. Join a group. B. Surf the Internet. C. Try a walking tour. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. What sport does the woman like? A. Golf. B. Badminton. C. Table tennis. 15. Why did the man start playing basketball? A. To follow his father’s steps. B. To build up his confidence. C. To stay fit. 16. What does the man want to do in the future? A. Master more sports. B. Be a professional athlete. C. Meet James. 17. Where will the speakers go next? A. A golf course. B. A restaurant. C. A company. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the main purpose of the talk? A. To explain a new school rule. B. To introduce a new school club. C. To announce a school competition. 19. What do students need to do to join in the activity? A. Pay a small fee. B. Get a recommendation letter. C. Hand in an application form. 20. What prize will the winner get? A. An electronic dictionary. B. A study tour. C. A set of books. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington has over 140 state parks, hundreds of miles of hiking trails, and boat launches up and down the coast. To park at any of them, you need a Washington State Discover Pass. What Is the Washington State Discover Pass? The Discover Pass is required for motor vehicle access to recreation (娱乐) lands managed by three Washington state organizations: Washington State Parks, the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Is the Discover Pass Worth It? Use this quick breakdown to figure out the right choice for your trips this year. Your Usage Best Option What You Pay 1 to 4 visits per year Day pass ($10 each) $10 to $40 5 or more visits per year Year pass ($45) Start saving money from your 5th visit Every weekend Year pass Save over $400 vs. day passes Things to Know Before You Use It ·It must be seen from outside your vehicle. You can place the pass on your windshield, hang it from your rearview mirror or put it on the dashboard. ·It covers two vehicles. Write both license plate (牌照) numbers on the pass. It can only be used on one vehicle at a time. ·It runs one year from the day you buy it, not a calendar year. ·Walking, biking, and horse-riding are free. The Discover Pass is for motor vehicles only. If you access state lands on foot, by bike, by horse, or by boat, no pass is required. ·It does not cover Sno-Parks or federal lands. Winter Sno-Parks require a separate permit. National Parks, National Forests, and BLM land require either park-specific fees or an America the Beautiful Pass. 1. How much can you save with a year pass if you visit once a month? A. $55. B. $65. C. $75. D. $85. 2. What can we learn about the Washington State Discover Pass? A. It is unnecessary for bikers. B. Free bus rides are provided for its holders. C. It remains useful for two years. D. Two vehicles can use one at the same time. 3. Which of the following requires a different permit from the Discover Pass? A. Winter Sno-Parks. B. Washington State Parks. C. DNR-managed lands. D. WDFW recreation lands. B In February, Dr. Robert Lefkowitz published a memoir (回忆录) called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist. As a physician and biochemist, Lefkowitz is a professor of biochemistry and chemistry at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. In a recent conversation via video, Lefkowitz said that he wanted his memoir to be “funny, interesting, and easy to understand”. In the book, Lefkowitz humorously describes his Journey from a cardiologist (or a heart doctor) to a biochemist. Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old and growing up in the Bronx of New York City. After his father died of a heart attack, Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist. He earned his medical degree at Columbia University. Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments and making discoveries. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. The two scientists were honored for their discoveries that could help unlock the secrets of many diseases. When asked what played the most important role in his success, Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative, hardworking, and not easily disturbed”. He added that being funny could also be very good for you and the people around you. Before winning the Nobel Prize, Lefkowitz did countless experiments, and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK. “With difficult decisions I’ve had to make, I tend to make them with my heart rather than my head.” Lefkowitz said. “However, I don’t mean that deciding with your heart is always right.” At age 78, the scientist has no plans for slowing down. “My body and mind are still working,” he said. “I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.” 4. What directly motivated Lefkowitz to be a doctor? A. His conversation with a cardiologist. B. His father’s death from a heart attack. C. His enthusiasm for a doctor’s memoir. D. His poor physical health in childhood. 5. What is the key to Lefkowitz’s success in his own opinion? A. His good teamwork. B. His family’s support. C. His positive qualities. D. His interest in research. 6. What can we learn about Lefkowitz concerning his experiments? A. He suffered from a lot of failure. B. He always succeeded as planned. C. He considered them less challenging. D. He couldn’t do them on his own. 7. Which of the following can best describe Lefkowitz according to the last paragraph? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Bad luck brings good luck. C. You are never too old to work. D. Experience is the best teacher. C To help address the elder care challenge, a team of MIT engineers is looking to robots. They have built and tested the Elderly Bodily Assistance Robot, or E-BAR, a mobile robot designed to physically support the elderly and prevent them from falling as they move around their homes. E-BAR acts as a set of robotic handlebars (把手) that follows a person from behind. A user can walk independently or lean on the robot’s arms for support. The robot can support the person’s full weight, lifting them from sitting to standing and the other way round. And the arms of the robot can support them by rapidly inflating (充气) side airbags if they begin to fall. With their design, the researchers hope to prevent falls, which today are the leading cause of injury in adults who are 65 and older. “Many older adults don’t realize the risk of falls and refuse to use walking sticks, which are inconvenient, while others overestimate (高估) the risk and may not do exercise, leading to poor mobility,” says Harry Asada, the Ford Professor of Engineering at MIT. “Our aim is to provide older adults having the balance problem with robotic handlebars for holding their body. The handlebars can go anywhere and provide support anytime, whenever they need it,” Asada says. “Elder care conditions can change every few weeks or months. We’d like to provide continuous support as a person’s disability or mobility changes with age.” At present, the robot is run by remote control. In the future, the team plans to improve the robot’s functionality, allowing it to autonomously (自动地) follow and physically help a user. “I think elder care is the next great challenge,” says E-BAR designer Roberto Bolli. “All the data points to a shortage of caregivers, a sharp increase in elderly population, and a strong desire for elderly people to age in place. We see it not only as an unexplored field in America, but also a naturally interesting challenge for robots.” 8. How does E-BAR respond if a user begins to fall? A. It calls a caregiver. B. It sounds an alarm. C. It blows up the airbags. D. It reaches out the handlebars. 9. What’s one feature of E-BAR Asada stresses? A. The affordable price. B. The flexible material. C. The novel appearance. D. The general applicability. 10. What message does Roberto Bolli deliver in the last paragraph? A. The healthcare system needs to be improved. B. Social developments change with the times. C. There will possibly be a huge market for E-BAR. D. More research is required to invent robots like E-BAR. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Role of Robots in Future Life. B. A Robotic Solution for Elderly Support. C. Ways to Improve Elderly People’s Mobility. D. The Challenges of Elder Care in Modern Society. D Modern urban living exposes people to increasing amounts of artificial (人造的) light at night known as light pollution. While bright streetlights and building lights make cities safer and more convenient, scientists have found that constant nighttime light can greatly affect all living things. According to the latest data, the area covered by artificial light on the Earth’s surface grows by nearly 2.5% every year, and over 80% of the world’s population now lives in light pollution — a figure that rises to 99% in Europe and North America. Yet people’s awareness remains surprisingly low. For humans, irregular artificial light breaks the body’s natural biological clock, which adjusts itself according to the sunrise and sunset. Darkness at night signals the body to produce melatonin, a key chemical inside the human body that improves sleep quality. When bright light breaks this process, people may suffer from sleeplessness, daytime tiredness and poor concentration. Long-term exposure is also linked to higher risks of metabolic disorders and mood problems. Worse still, many people fail to connect their sleep troubles with unnecessary nighttime lighting around them. The impacts of artificial light go far beyond human beings. Many species rely on natural light cycles to guide migration (迁徙), breeding and feeding. Migratory birds often mistake bright city lights for starlight, leading them off their original routes and causing crashes with buildings. Sea turtles face similar trouble: newly born turtles depend on moonlight to find the ocean, yet bright coastal lights make them move inland, resulting in high death rates. Even insects, which form the base of many food chains, are attracted to artificial lights in large numbers, wearing themselves out and reducing food sources for birds and other animals. Combined efforts from cities and individuals can lessen the harm caused by light pollution and benefit both humans and wildlife. Cities can use warm, weak streetlights and turn off unnecessary decorative lights at night. Ordinary people can also help by using soft bedroom lights and avoiding screen use before bedtime. Small joint efforts can effectively reduce light pollution and protect both humans and nature. 12. What do the figures in paragraph 2 show? A. The world’s most brightly lit regions. B. The seriousness of light pollution. C. The benefits of urban artificial light. D. People’s growing awareness of light pollution. 13. Why does the author mention melatonin in paragraph 3? A. To show why humans need enough sleep. B. To recommend a treatment for sleeplessness. C. To explain how light pollution affects humans. D. To compare human bodies with those of animals. 14. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The impacts of light pollution on wildlife. B. Common dangers faced by wild animals in cities. C. Different living habits of various wild species. D. The importance of natural light for food chains. 15. What may the author agree with regarding artificial light? A. It protects wildlife occasionally. B. It makes the night sky even darker. C. Its advantages outweigh disadvantages. D. Collective efforts can cut down its harm. 第二节：七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You put a great deal of effort into reaching college of your dreams. It’s time to get started. But what’s next? The beginning of college life can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adapt to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience. To save time and money, use the college’s bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. ____16____It’s also a good way to be environmentally aware. ____17____ You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost a lot. Try buying used textbooks -- it’s a good way to save money and serve the purpose as well. Never look on college life as endless parties and social activities. There is a whole lot more to college if you’re serious about graduating.____18____ Be aware that your living environment can largely affect your studies. If the dorm(寝室) doesn’t suit you, consider living at home with your family or renting your own apartment. ____19____ Find a quiet area, like the library, to study. Alternatively, buy some headphones that block out noise. Be mindful of your diet. Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. ____20____. The “freshman 15” is real, which refers to many college students gain at least 15 pounds during the freshman year. While electives(选修课程) can be helpful when you figure out your major, you shouldn’t entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. Having too much on your plate can hurt your grades. A. Take relaxed attitudes to your diet. B. Don’t take part in too many after-class activities. C. Avoid the foods that are processed or high in sugar. D. Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. E. You won’t have to locate or afford a place to park either. F. The best location for your studies isn’t always your dorm. G. Having a good college experience is all about balancing study and fun. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 That year I was an eight-year-old girl. And every little girl around me had a ____21____. Many wanted to be princesses and some wanted to be teachers. Me? I wanted to see penguins. ____22____, when most of my friends were spending their ____23____ on Barbie dolls and colorful hair ties, I was saving for a ____24____ to New Zealand. When I first heard of the penguin paradise (乐园) in New Zealand, I was ____25____. I decided that I would see those penguins one day. I didn’t have a bank account, but I did have a piggy bank. I spent my days ____26____ hard — I weeded my mom’s garden, and killed spiders for my sister; then I put the hard-earned money into that ____27____. I spent my evenings ____28____ how much money I needed to earn each year to take the trip when I turned 18. Every day, I would look at my ____29____ and congratulate myself on being one step closer to ____30____ the penguin paradise. Unfortunately, my trip hasn’t taken place because of traffic restrictions. I look back now and ____31____ my naive (天真的) behavior, but more than that, I ____32____ that girl who had the courage to work for what she ____33____. Even if the only penguin I ever see is at the zoo, some of that little girl will ____34____ me: her appreciation for nature and her ____35____ to accomplish her dream. 21. A. story B. job C. project D. dream 22. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Moreover 23. A. energy B. time C. effort D. money 24. A. trip B. flight C. task D. donation 25. A. attacked B. refused C. attracted D. scared 26. A. working B. studying C. thinking D. practising 27. A. journey B. account C. pocket D. bank 28. A. deciding on B. figuring out C. looking into D. learning about 29. A. difference B. chance C. progress D. influence 30. A. creating B. visiting C. leaving D. finding 31. A. pay for B. dream of C. laugh at D. worry about 32. A. warn B. beg C. admire D. help 33. A. desired B. demanded C. promised D. deserved 34. A. stand for B. stay with C. depend on D. learn from 35. A. determination B. ability C. opportunity D. reason 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new social robot has been introduced to the public at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The robot called Nadine ____36____ (build) by a research team at the university last month. Nadine has brown hair and human-like skin. She can talk and act like a human and she even has her own personality. The robot can show emotions, like ____37____ (angry) and sadness, depending on the topics she is talking about. Nadine ____38____ (become) one of the most advanced and human-like robots so far. The new social robot has functions ____39____ have never been used in other robots. Nadine can not only remember people she has met before, ____40____ she can recall things she said in earlier conversations as well. Up to now, robots have been used ____41____ (wide) in the manufacturing industry (制造业). Meanwhile, we may also find more and more robots equipped ____42____ social functions. This could be important with the population aging. Working robots could be the solution to the ____43____ (decrease) workforce. On ____44____ other hand, such social robots can care for children or older people. They can play and talk with them or keep them company. Recently, Nadine has a job as a receptionist at the university where she answers questions _____45_____ (ask) by students and other visitors. 第四部分 课内知识(共25分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 单句语法填空 46. We have a strong _________ (prefer) for quiet places. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. The sunset photo taken by Tom was a ________ (remark) shot, a far cry from his last one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. The National Model Worker was awarded to Yuan Longping for his ________（commit）and contribution to Chinese agriculture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. The government _________ (found) in 1945 and has about 20 member states. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. Thank goodness! She ______ (persuade) to see the doctor in time so that her advanced cancer was prevented form developing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。 A. insist on B. under no circumstances C. come to a conclusion D. early on E. prevent...from F. provide...with G. take up a position H. keep track of I. as a consequence of J. keep in touch with 51. Many species have died out ____________ man’s activities. 52. We can easily ____________ from our discussion. 53. If you ____________ doing so, we will have to work overtime. 54. Even though we live apart, we still ____________ each other. 55. Smart toilets can warn us about health problems ____________. 56. Smart systems can ____________ us ____________ real-time health information every day. 57. They can ____________ dangers ____________ causing accidents at home. 58. She left her career as an educator to ____________ with the Arts Council (艺术委员会). 59. ____________ can we look down on others because of their humble (卑微) background. 60. The monitoring system ____________ what is going on in the house. 第五部分 应用文写作(25分) 61. 请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文，介绍你所敬佩的一个人物。主要包括以下内容： 姓名 黄大年 生卒年月 1958年8月至2017年1月 职业 地球物理学家 个人经历 毕业于长春地质学院；1992年被选送到英国攻读博士学位； 2009年毅然回国，致力于教育与科研事业 评价 不计个人名利，把自己的科技成果和经验全部奉献给祖国，在国内外学术界享有很高的声誉 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 福州第四十中学2025—2026学年第一学期高二年级英语学科 10月阶段性练习 考试时间： 120分钟 总分： 150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A TV series. B. A star. C. A song. 2. When will the man probably finish the clean-up activity? A. At about 9 a. m. B. At about 11 a. m. C. At about 3 p. m. 3. What is the man’s problem? A. He has a headache. B. He failed his exams. C. He lacks enough exercise. 4. How much money can the speaker’s make on one pen? A.$3. B.$5. C.$8. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a library. C. In a bookstore. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the man try to avoid eating? A. Chips. B. Meat. C. Sugar. 7. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Exchanging ideas. B. Making a diet plan. C. Developing a good sleep habit. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. How long will the woman have to wait for the man at most? A. 10 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 40 minutes. 9. Why does the woman have to wait? A. The man fell asleep. B. The man helped a person. C. The man had an accident. 10. How does the woman sound in the end? A. Understanding. B. Impatient. C. Annoyed. 听第8段录音，回答第11至 13题。 11. Why will the man go to Milan next month? A. To travel. B. To study. C. To work. 12. How long will the man stay in Milan? A. Five days. B. Three days. C. One day. 13. What will the man do next? A. Join a group. B. Surf the Internet. C. Try a walking tour. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. What sport does the woman like? A. Golf. B. Badminton. C. Table tennis. 15. Why did the man start playing basketball? A. To follow his father’s steps. B. To build up his confidence. C. To stay fit. 16. What does the man want to do in the future? A. Master more sports. B. Be a professional athlete. C. Meet James. 17. Where will the speakers go next? A. A golf course. B. A restaurant. C. A company. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the main purpose of the talk? A. To explain a new school rule. B. To introduce a new school club. C. To announce a school competition. 19. What do students need to do to join in the activity? A. Pay a small fee. B. Get a recommendation letter. C. Hand in an application form. 20. What prize will the winner get? A. An electronic dictionary. B. A study tour. C. A set of books. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington has over 140 state parks, hundreds of miles of hiking trails, and boat launches up and down the coast. To park at any of them, you need a Washington State Discover Pass. What Is the Washington State Discover Pass? The Discover Pass is required for motor vehicle access to recreation (娱乐) lands managed by three Washington state organizations: Washington State Parks, the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Is the Discover Pass Worth It? Use this quick breakdown to figure out the right choice for your trips this year. Your Usage Best Option What You Pay 1 to 4 visits per year Day pass ($10 each) $10 to $40 5 or more visits per year Year pass ($45) Start saving money from your 5th visit Every weekend Year pass Save over $400 vs. day passes Things to Know Before You Use It ·It must be seen from outside your vehicle. You can place the pass on your windshield, hang it from your rearview mirror or put it on the dashboard. ·It covers two vehicles. Write both license plate (牌照) numbers on the pass. It can only be used on one vehicle at a time. ·It runs one year from the day you buy it, not a calendar year. ·Walking, biking, and horse-riding are free. The Discover Pass is for motor vehicles only. If you access state lands on foot, by bike, by horse, or by boat, no pass is required. ·It does not cover Sno-Parks or federal lands. Winter Sno-Parks require a separate permit. National Parks, National Forests, and BLM land require either park-specific fees or an America the Beautiful Pass. 1. How much can you save with a year pass if you visit once a month? A. $55. B. $65. C. $75. D. $85. 2. What can we learn about the Washington State Discover Pass? A. It is unnecessary for bikers. B. Free bus rides are provided for its holders. C. It remains useful for two years. D. Two vehicles can use one at the same time. 3. Which of the following requires a different permit from the Discover Pass? A. Winter Sno-Parks. B. Washington State Parks. C. DNR-managed lands. D. WDFW recreation lands. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍华盛顿州探索通行证，说明其适用范围、不同类型票价及使用规则，同时指出部分场地需要另外办理许可。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格“1 to 4 visits per year; Day pass ($10 each); $10 to $40(每年1至4次出行；单日通行证（每张10美元）；花费10至40美元)”和“5 or more visits per year; Year pass ($45); Start saving money from your 5th visit.(每年5次及以上出行；年票（45美元）；从第5次游览开始省钱。)”可知，一月一次，一年12次，单日票总价12×10=120美元，年票45美元，可节省75美元。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Things to Know Before You Use It部分“Walking, biking, and horse-riding are free. The Discover Pass is for motor vehicles only.(步行、骑自行车和骑马进入是免费的。探索通行证仅针对机动车辆。)”可知，骑行者不需要该通行证。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Things to Know Before You Use It部分“It does not cover Sno-Parks or federal lands. Winter Sno-Parks require a separate permit.(它不包含雪地公园或联邦土地。冬季雪地公园需要单独的许可。)”可知，Winter Sno-Parks需要另一种许可证。 B In February, Dr. Robert Lefkowitz published a memoir (回忆录) called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist. As a physician and biochemist, Lefkowitz is a professor of biochemistry and chemistry at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. In a recent conversation via video, Lefkowitz said that he wanted his memoir to be “funny, interesting, and easy to understand”. In the book, Lefkowitz humorously describes his Journey from a cardiologist (or a heart doctor) to a biochemist. Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old and growing up in the Bronx of New York City. After his father died of a heart attack, Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist. He earned his medical degree at Columbia University. Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments and making discoveries. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. The two scientists were honored for their discoveries that could help unlock the secrets of many diseases. When asked what played the most important role in his success, Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative, hardworking, and not easily disturbed”. He added that being funny could also be very good for you and the people around you. Before winning the Nobel Prize, Lefkowitz did countless experiments, and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK. “With difficult decisions I’ve had to make, I tend to make them with my heart rather than my head.” Lefkowitz said. “However, I don’t mean that deciding with your heart is always right.” At age 78, the scientist has no plans for slowing down. “My body and mind are still working,” he said. “I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.” 4. What directly motivated Lefkowitz to be a doctor? A. His conversation with a cardiologist. B. His father’s death from a heart attack. C. His enthusiasm for a doctor’s memoir. D. His poor physical health in childhood. 5. What is the key to Lefkowitz’s success in his own opinion? A. His good teamwork. B. His family’s support. C. His positive qualities. D. His interest in research. 6. What can we learn about Lefkowitz concerning his experiments? A. He suffered from a lot of failure. B. He always succeeded as planned. C. He considered them less challenging. D. He couldn’t do them on his own. 7. Which of the following can best describe Lefkowitz according to the last paragraph? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Bad luck brings good luck. C. You are never too old to work. D. Experience is the best teacher. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述作为医生和生物化学家的Lefkowitz出版的关于自己职业的回忆录。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After his father died of a heart attack, Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist.(在他的父亲死于心脏病发作后。Lefkowitz下定决心成为一名心脏病专家)”可知，Lefkowitz的父亲死于心脏疾病直接促使Lefkowitz成为一名医生。故选B项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“When asked what played the most important role in his success, Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative, hardworking, and not easily disturbed”.(当被问及在他的成功中什么发挥了最重要的作用时，Lefkowitz提到了自己，他形容自己“相当聪明，有创造力，勤奋，不容易被打扰”)”可知，在Lefkowitz看来，能够成功的关键是自己聪明，有创造力，勤奋，不容易被打扰，这些都是积极的品质。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Before winning the Nobel Prize, Lefkowitz did countless experiments, and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK.(在获得诺贝尔奖之前，Lefkowitz做了无数次实验，50个实验中只有1个结果还行)”可知，Lefkowitz在实验中遭到许多失败。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At age 78, the scientist has no plans for slowing down. “My body and mind are still working,” he said. “I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.”(在78岁时，这位科学家没有放慢脚步的计划。他说：“我的身体和思想仍在工作，我想继续在杜克大学经营我的实验室，撰写和发表研究论文。”)”可知，Lefkowitz即使年纪很大了，依旧不停止工作。故选C项。 C To help address the elder care challenge, a team of MIT engineers is looking to robots. They have built and tested the Elderly Bodily Assistance Robot, or E-BAR, a mobile robot designed to physically support the elderly and prevent them from falling as they move around their homes. E-BAR acts as a set of robotic handlebars (把手) that follows a person from behind. A user can walk independently or lean on the robot’s arms for support. The robot can support the person’s full weight, lifting them from sitting to standing and the other way round. And the arms of the robot can support them by rapidly inflating (充气) side airbags if they begin to fall. With their design, the researchers hope to prevent falls, which today are the leading cause of injury in adults who are 65 and older. “Many older adults don’t realize the risk of falls and refuse to use walking sticks, which are inconvenient, while others overestimate (高估) the risk and may not do exercise, leading to poor mobility,” says Harry Asada, the Ford Professor of Engineering at MIT. “Our aim is to provide older adults having the balance problem with robotic handlebars for holding their body. The handlebars can go anywhere and provide support anytime, whenever they need it,” Asada says. “Elder care conditions can change every few weeks or months. We’d like to provide continuous support as a person’s disability or mobility changes with age.” At present, the robot is run by remote control. In the future, the team plans to improve the robot’s functionality, allowing it to autonomously (自动地) follow and physically help a user. “I think elder care is the next great challenge,” says E-BAR designer Roberto Bolli. “All the data points to a shortage of caregivers, a sharp increase in elderly population, and a strong desire for elderly people to age in place. We see it not only as an unexplored field in America, but also a naturally interesting challenge for robots.” 8. How does E-BAR respond if a user begins to fall? A. It calls a caregiver. B. It sounds an alarm. C. It blows up the airbags. D. It reaches out the handlebars. 9. What’s one feature of E-BAR Asada stresses? A. The affordable price. B. The flexible material. C. The novel appearance. D. The general applicability. 10. What message does Roberto Bolli deliver in the last paragraph? A. The healthcare system needs to be improved. B. Social developments change with the times. C. There will possibly be a huge market for E-BAR. D. More research is required to invent robots like E-BAR. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Role of Robots in Future Life. B. A Robotic Solution for Elderly Support. C. Ways to Improve Elderly People’s Mobility. D. The Challenges of Elder Care in Modern Society. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了MIT的工程师团队研发的一款非常人性化的机器人，它通过跟随式机械扶手和充气气囊系统，为老年人提供身体支撑，防止老人在居家活动时跌倒。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“And the arms of the robot can support them by rapidly inflating (充气) side airbags if they begin to fall. (如果他们快要摔倒，机器人的手臂可以通过快速充气让侧边气囊膨胀来支撑他们)”可知，当人要摔倒时，机器人的手臂会通过快速给侧面的安全气囊充气来提供支撑。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段Asada说的话“Our aim is to provide older adults having the balance problem with robotic handlebars for holding their body. The handlebars can go anywhere and provide support anytime, whenever they need it (我们的目标是为有平衡问题的老年人提供机器人把手来支撑他们的身体。把手可以移动到任何地方，随时随地提供支持)”可知，E-BAR能在老年人需要时随时随地提供支持，具有普遍的适用性。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““I think elder care is the next great challenge,” says E-BAR designer Roberto Bolli. “All the data points to a shortage of caregivers, a sharp increase in elderly population, and a strong desire for elderly people to age in place. We see it not only as an unexplored field in America, but also a naturally interesting challenge for robots.” (“我认为老年人护理是下一个巨大的挑战，”E-BAR设计师罗伯托·博利说。“所有的数据都表明，护理人员短缺，老年人口急剧增加，老年人在当地养老的愿望强烈。我们认为这不仅是美国尚未开发的领域，而且对机器人来说也是一个自然有趣的挑战。”)”可知，Roberto Bolli认为老年护理是重大挑战，存在护理人员短缺、老年人口激增以及老年人希望在家养老等情况，机器人同样面临巨大的挑战，危机中往往蕴含着转机，由此可推断，E-BAR存在巨大的潜在市场。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要围绕MIT团队研发的E-BAR机器人展开，介绍了它为老年人提供身体支持、防止跌倒的功能、设计理念、现状及未来计划等，B项“一款用于协助老年人的机器人解决方案”适合用作文章标题。故选B。 D Modern urban living exposes people to increasing amounts of artificial (人造的) light at night known as light pollution. While bright streetlights and building lights make cities safer and more convenient, scientists have found that constant nighttime light can greatly affect all living things. According to the latest data, the area covered by artificial light on the Earth’s surface grows by nearly 2.5% every year, and over 80% of the world’s population now lives in light pollution — a figure that rises to 99% in Europe and North America. Yet people’s awareness remains surprisingly low. For humans, irregular artificial light breaks the body’s natural biological clock, which adjusts itself according to the sunrise and sunset. Darkness at night signals the body to produce melatonin, a key chemical inside the human body that improves sleep quality. When bright light breaks this process, people may suffer from sleeplessness, daytime tiredness and poor concentration. Long-term exposure is also linked to higher risks of metabolic disorders and mood problems. Worse still, many people fail to connect their sleep troubles with unnecessary nighttime lighting around them. The impacts of artificial light go far beyond human beings. Many species rely on natural light cycles to guide migration (迁徙), breeding and feeding. Migratory birds often mistake bright city lights for starlight, leading them off their original routes and causing crashes with buildings. Sea turtles face similar trouble: newly born turtles depend on moonlight to find the ocean, yet bright coastal lights make them move inland, resulting in high death rates. Even insects, which form the base of many food chains, are attracted to artificial lights in large numbers, wearing themselves out and reducing food sources for birds and other animals. Combined efforts from cities and individuals can lessen the harm caused by light pollution and benefit both humans and wildlife. Cities can use warm, weak streetlights and turn off unnecessary decorative lights at night. Ordinary people can also help by using soft bedroom lights and avoiding screen use before bedtime. Small joint efforts can effectively reduce light pollution and protect both humans and nature. 12. What do the figures in paragraph 2 show? A. The world’s most brightly lit regions. B. The seriousness of light pollution. C. The benefits of urban artificial light. D. People’s growing awareness of light pollution. 13. Why does the author mention melatonin in paragraph 3? A. To show why humans need enough sleep. B. To recommend a treatment for sleeplessness. C. To explain how light pollution affects humans. D. To compare human bodies with those of animals. 14. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The impacts of light pollution on wildlife. B. Common dangers faced by wild animals in cities. C. Different living habits of various wild species. D. The importance of natural light for food chains. 15. What may the author agree with regarding artificial light? A. It protects wildlife occasionally. B. It makes the night sky even darker. C. Its advantages outweigh disadvantages. D. Collective efforts can cut down its harm. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了城市夜间人造光带来的光污染问题，通过数据说明其蔓延现状，阐释了对人类及野生动物的危害，并提出了城市与个人共同治理减轻光污染的可行方向。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“According to the latest data, the area covered by artificial light on the Earth’s surface grows by nearly 2.5% every year, and over 80% of the world’s population now lives in light pollution — a figure that rises to 99% in Europe and North America. (根据最新数据，地球表面人造光覆盖的面积每年增长近2.5%，目前全球超过80%的人口生活在光污染中，这一比例在欧洲和北美上升到99%。)”可知，这些数据清晰展现了人造光覆盖范围不断扩大、受影响人口占比极高的现状，直接说明光污染问题已经十分严峻。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Darkness at night signals the body to produce melatonin, a key chemical inside the human body that improves sleep quality. When bright light breaks this process, people may suffer from sleeplessness, daytime tiredness and poor concentration. (夜晚的黑暗会向身体发出信号，促使身体生成褪黑激素——褪黑激素是人体内提升睡眠质量的关键化学物质。当亮光打破这一过程，人们就可能出现失眠、白天疲惫、注意力不集中等问题。)”可知，作者提及褪黑激素是为了从生理层面解释，人造光是如何通过干扰人体自然节律影响健康的。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The impacts of artificial light go far beyond human beings. (人造光的影响远不止局限于人类。)”可知，首句点明光污染的危害不止局限于人类，随后分别介绍人造光干扰候鸟迁徙、误导新生海龟、消耗昆虫种群，最终破坏食物链，层层展现了光污染对野生动物的影响。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Combined efforts from cities and individuals can lessen the harm caused by light pollution and benefit both humans and wildlife. (城市和个人的共同努力能够减轻光污染造成的危害，造福人类和野生动物。)”以及“Small joint efforts can effectively reduce light pollution and protect both humans and nature. (微小的共同努力可以有效减少光污染，保护人类和自然。)”可知，作者认为城市与民众的共同努力能够有效减轻光污染带来的负面影响。 第二节：七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You put a great deal of effort into reaching college of your dreams. It’s time to get started. But what’s next? The beginning of college life can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adapt to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience. To save time and money, use the college’s bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. ____16____It’s also a good way to be environmentally aware. ____17____ You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost a lot. Try buying used textbooks -- it’s a good way to save money and serve the purpose as well. Never look on college life as endless parties and social activities. There is a whole lot more to college if you’re serious about graduating.____18____ Be aware that your living environment can largely affect your studies. If the dorm(寝室) doesn’t suit you, consider living at home with your family or renting your own apartment. ____19____ Find a quiet area, like the library, to study. Alternatively, buy some headphones that block out noise. Be mindful of your diet. Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. ____20____. The “freshman 15” is real, which refers to many college students gain at least 15 pounds during the freshman year. While electives(选修课程) can be helpful when you figure out your major, you shouldn’t entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. Having too much on your plate can hurt your grades. A. Take relaxed attitudes to your diet. B. Don’t take part in too many after-class activities. C. Avoid the foods that are processed or high in sugar. D. Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. E. You won’t have to locate or afford a place to park either. F. The best location for your studies isn’t always your dorm. G. Having a good college experience is all about balancing study and fun. 【答案】16. E 17. D 18. G 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何迅速适应大学新生活以及充分利用大学经历的建议。 【16题详解】 空格前说“Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns.（在大多数大学城，坐公交车上学既快捷又方便，而且免费。）”，空格后说“It’s also a good way to be environmentally aware.（这也是一个提高环境意识的好方法。）”，因此本段主要讲的是坐公交车上学的好处，E选项 “You won’t have to locate or afford a place to park either.（你也不需要找到或负担一个地方停车。）因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 【17题详解】 根据下文“You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost a lot. Try buying used textbooks -- it’s a good way to save money and serve the purpose as well.”（你甚至可能不需要所有推荐的书。新课本会花很多钱。试着买二手教科书——这是一个省钱的好方法，也能达到目的。）由此可知，本句主要在说不着急买书，等着课程开始时，可以买二手的书籍以达到省钱的目的。D选项“等到上课再买书可以省点钱”切题，为本段的小标题。故选D项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Never look on college life as endless parties and social activities. There is a whole lot more to college if you’re serious about graduating.”（不要把大学生活看成无休止的聚会和社交活动。如果你真的想毕业的话，大学还有很多东西要学习。）由此可知，选项总结上文说明大学要平衡好学业和娱乐。G选项“好的大学经历就是要平衡学习和娱乐”。切题。故选G项。 【19题详解】 空格前说“If the dorm (寝室) doesn’t suit you, consider living at home with your family or renting your own apartment.（如果宿舍不适合你，考虑和家人住在一起或租一套自己的公寓。）”，空格后说“Find a quiet area, like the library, to study.（找一个安静的地方学习，比如图书馆。）”，因此空格处应该说“宿舍不是学习的好地方”，F选项“The best location for your studies isn’t always your dorm.（学习的最佳地点并不总是宿舍。）”说明了宿舍不是学习的好地方，继而引出后面的“图书馆”，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat.”（选择健康的食物并注意你的饮食）可知，选项承接上文说明选择健康的食物并注意你的饮食的具体做法是什么。C选项“避免食用加工过的或含糖量高的食物”切题。故选C项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 That year I was an eight-year-old girl. And every little girl around me had a ____21____. Many wanted to be princesses and some wanted to be teachers. Me? I wanted to see penguins. ____22____, when most of my friends were spending their ____23____ on Barbie dolls and colorful hair ties, I was saving for a ____24____ to New Zealand. When I first heard of the penguin paradise (乐园) in New Zealand, I was ____25____. I decided that I would see those penguins one day. I didn’t have a bank account, but I did have a piggy bank. I spent my days ____26____ hard — I weeded my mom’s garden, and killed spiders for my sister; then I put the hard-earned money into that ____27____. I spent my evenings ____28____ how much money I needed to earn each year to take the trip when I turned 18. Every day, I would look at my ____29____ and congratulate myself on being one step closer to ____30____ the penguin paradise. Unfortunately, my trip hasn’t taken place because of traffic restrictions. I look back now and ____31____ my naive (天真的) behavior, but more than that, I ____32____ that girl who had the courage to work for what she ____33____. Even if the only penguin I ever see is at the zoo, some of that little girl will ____34____ me: her appreciation for nature and her ____35____ to accomplish her dream. 21. A. story B. job C. project D. dream 22. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Moreover 23. A. energy B. time C. effort D. money 24. A. trip B. flight C. task D. donation 25. A. attacked B. refused C. attracted D. scared 26. A. working B. studying C. thinking D. practising 27. A. journey B. account C. pocket D. bank 28. A. deciding on B. figuring out C. looking into D. learning about 29. A. difference B. chance C. progress D. influence 30. A. creating B. visiting C. leaving D. finding 31. A. pay for B. dream of C. laugh at D. worry about 32. A. warn B. beg C. admire D. help 33. A. desired B. demanded C. promised D. deserved 34. A. stand for B. stay with C. depend on D. learn from 35. A. determination B. ability C. opportunity D. reason 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述八岁时作者梦想去新西兰看企鹅并为此存钱，虽未实现，但这份对自然的热爱和决心一直陪伴着作者。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我周围的每个小女孩都有一个梦想。A. story故事；B. job工作；C. project项目；D. dream梦想。根据下文“Many wanted to be princesses and some wanted to be teachers”可知，此处指小女孩们的梦想，dream符合语境。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我的大多数朋友把钱花在芭比娃娃和彩色发带上时，我却在为去新西兰的旅行存钱。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Moreover此外。根据下文“most of my friends were spending their ____ on Barbie dolls and colorful hair ties”以及语境可知，这里指作者与朋友们的做法形成对比，用However表转折。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我的大多数朋友把钱花在芭比娃娃和彩色发带上时，我却在为去新西兰的旅行存钱。A. energy精力；B. time时间；C. effort努力；D. money钱。根据下文“Barbie dolls and colorful hair ties”及“saving”可知，这里指朋友们花钱买玩具，money与后文saving形成对照。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我的大多数朋友把钱花在芭比娃娃和彩色发带上时，我却在为去新西兰的旅行存钱。A. trip旅行；B. flight航班；C. task任务；D. donation捐赠。根据下文“the penguin paradise in New Zealand”以及语境可知，这里指作者存钱是为了去新西兰的旅行，trip符合语境。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次听说新西兰的企鹅天堂时，我被吸引了。A. attacked攻击；B. refused拒绝；C. attracted吸引；D. scared使害怕。根据下文“I decided that I would see those penguins one day”可知，这里指作者被企鹅天堂吸引，决定有一天要去新西兰看一看，attracted符合语义。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每天努力工作 —— 在妈妈的花园里除草，为姐姐杀蜘蛛。A. working工作；B. studying学习；C. thinking思考；D. practising练习。根据下文“I weeded my mom’s garden, and killed spiders for my sister”可知，这些都是属于作者的工作，working符合语境。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后把辛苦挣来的钱放进那个储蓄罐。A. journey旅程；B. account账户；C. pocket口袋；D. bank银行/储蓄罐。根据上文“I didn’t have a bank account, but I did have a piggy bank”可知，此处指作者把钱放进那个储蓄罐（piggy bank），bank是原词复现。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我晚上会算出18岁旅行时每年需要赚多少钱。A. deciding on决定；B. figuring out算出；C. looking into调查；D. learning about了解。根据下文“how much money I needed to earn”以及语境可知，这里指作者算出需要多少钱才能去旅游，figuring out符合语境。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，我都会看着自己的进步，祝贺自己离参观企鹅天堂又近了一步。A. difference差异；B. chance机会；C. progress进展；D. influence影响。根据下文“congratulate myself on being one step closer”以及语境可知，这里表明作者关注存钱的进展，progress符合语境。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，我都会看着自己的进步，祝贺自己离参观企鹅天堂又近了一步。A. creating创造；B. visiting参观；C. leaving离开；D. finding找到。根据下文“the penguin paradise”以及语境可知，这里指作者祝贺自己离参观企鹅天堂又近了一步。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我嘲笑自己的天真行为，但更重要的是，我钦佩那个有勇气为自己想要的东西而努力的女孩。A. pay for支付；B. dream of梦想；C. laugh at嘲笑；D. worry about担心。根据下文“my naive (天真的) behavior”以及语境可知，这里表明成年后作者觉得当年的行为可笑所以嘲笑自己，laugh at符合语义。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我嘲笑自己的天真行为，但更重要的是，我钦佩那个有勇气为自己想要的东西而努力的女孩。A. warn警告；B. beg乞求；C. admire钦佩；D. help帮助。根据下文“who had the courage to work for”以及语境可知，这里指作者对当年充满勇气的自己表达钦佩，admire符合语境。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我嘲笑自己的天真行为，但更重要的是，我钦佩那个有勇气为自己想要的东西而努力的女孩。A. desired渴望；B. demanded要求；C. promised承诺；D. deserved应得。根据上文“wanted to see penguins”以及语境可知，这里表明为渴望的事物而努力，desired与上文wanted语义呼应。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使我见过的唯一企鹅是在动物园里，那个小女孩的一部分也会陪伴着我：她对自然的欣赏和实现梦想的决心。A. stand for代表；B. stay with陪伴；C. depend on依赖；D. learn from向……学习。根据下文“her appreciation for nature ____ accomplish her dream”可知，这里指当年坚持梦想的品质陪伴着作者，stay with符合语境。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使我见过的唯一企鹅是在动物园里，那个小女孩的一部分也会陪伴着我：她对自然的欣赏和实现梦想的决心。A. determination决心；B. ability能力；C. opportunity机会；D. reason原因。根据上文“who had the courage to work for what she ____ ”可知，这里体现出作者的决心，determination符合语境。故选A项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new social robot has been introduced to the public at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The robot called Nadine ____36____ (build) by a research team at the university last month. Nadine has brown hair and human-like skin. She can talk and act like a human and she even has her own personality. The robot can show emotions, like ____37____ (angry) and sadness, depending on the topics she is talking about. Nadine ____38____ (become) one of the most advanced and human-like robots so far. The new social robot has functions ____39____ have never been used in other robots. Nadine can not only remember people she has met before, ____40____ she can recall things she said in earlier conversations as well. Up to now, robots have been used ____41____ (wide) in the manufacturing industry (制造业). Meanwhile, we may also find more and more robots equipped ____42____ social functions. This could be important with the population aging. Working robots could be the solution to the ____43____ (decrease) workforce. On ____44____ other hand, such social robots can care for children or older people. They can play and talk with them or keep them company. Recently, Nadine has a job as a receptionist at the university where she answers questions _____45_____ (ask) by students and other visitors. 【答案】36. was built 37. anger 38. has become 39. that##which 40. but 41. widely 42. with 43. decreasing 44. the 45. asked 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡南洋理工大学推出的一款名为Nadine的社交机器人及其特性。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：上个月，该大学的一个研究团队制造了一个名为纳德琳（Nadine）的机器人。根据时间状语“last month”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，The robot和build为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was built。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：这个机器人能够根据她正在谈论的话题展现出愤怒、悲伤等不同的情绪。此处作宾语应用名词anger“愤怒”，表抽象概念，不可数。故填anger。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：纳德琳（Nadine）已经成为迄今为止最先进、最像人类的机器人之一。根据时间状语“so far”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是Nadine，助动词用has。故填has become。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这种新型社交机器人具备其他机器人从未有过的功能。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是functions，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：纳德琳（Nadine）不仅能记住她之前见过的人，还能回想起之前对话中说过的话。固定句型not only…but (also)…“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：到目前为止，机器人已经在制造业中得到了广泛应用。此处修饰动词have been used，应用副词widely“广泛地”，作状语。故填widely。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：同时，我们也可能会发现越来越多具备社交功能的机器人。固定搭配be equipped with“装备有”。故填with。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着人口老龄化的加剧，这一点可能变得尤为重要。工作型机器人可能是解决劳动力减少问题的一个方案。此处修饰名词workforce，应用形容词decreasing“减少的”，作定语。故填decreasing。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：另一方面，这样的社交机器人还可以照顾儿童或老年人。固定搭配on the other hand“另一方面”。故填the。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，纳德琳（Nadine）在这所大学找到了一份接待员的工作，负责回答学生和其他访客的问题。questions和ask为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填asked。 第四部分 课内知识(共25分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 单句语法填空 46. We have a strong _________ (prefer) for quiet places. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preference 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们对安静的地方有着强烈的偏爱。根据“have a”可知，此空填名词preference，作宾语。have a preference for是固定搭配，表示“对……有偏好”。 47. The sunset photo taken by Tom was a ________ (remark) shot, a far cry from his last one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】remarkable 【解析】 【详解】句意：汤姆拍的这张日落照片堪称佳作，和他上一张作品判若云泥。空处需要形容词修饰名词shot，remark的形容词形式为remarkable，意为“出色的、非凡的”。 48. The National Model Worker was awarded to Yuan Longping for his ________（commit）and contribution to Chinese agriculture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】commitment 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：袁隆平因其对中国农业的献身和贡献被授予全国劳动模范。根据空前的his和and后的contribution可知，空处应用名词，和contribution并列作介词for的宾语。commitment意为“献身，奉献”，为不可数名词。故填commitment。 49. The government _________ (found) in 1945 and has about 20 member states. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was founded 【解析】 【详解】句意：该政府于1945年成立，拥有大约20个成员国。根据时间状语“in 1945”可知，句子使用一般过去时，主语以The government与found之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，此空填was founded。 50. Thank goodness! She ______ (persuade) to see the doctor in time so that her advanced cancer was prevented form developing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been persuaded##was persuaded 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：谢天谢地！她被说服及时去看医生，从而阻止了晚期癌症的发展。结合“was prevented”可知，此处使用一般过去时；或者理解为persuade发生在was prevented之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时，she和persuade为被动关系，需要被动语态，主语为she，be动词用was。故填had been persuaded/was persuaded。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。 A. insist on B. under no circumstances C. come to a conclusion D. early on E. prevent...from F. provide...with G. take up a position H. keep track of I. as a consequence of J. keep in touch with 51. Many species have died out ____________ man’s activities. 52. We can easily ____________ from our discussion. 53. If you ____________ doing so, we will have to work overtime. 54. Even though we live apart, we still ____________ each other. 55. Smart toilets can warn us about health problems ____________. 56. Smart systems can ____________ us ____________ real-time health information every day. 57. They can ____________ dangers ____________ causing accidents at home. 58. She left her career as an educator to ____________ with the Arts Council (艺术委员会). 59. ____________ can we look down on others because of their humble (卑微) background. 60. The monitoring system ____________ what is going on in the house. 【答案】51. as a consequence of 52. come to a conclusion 53. insist on 54. keep in touch with 55. early on 56. ①. provide ②. with 57. ①. prevent ②. from 58. take up a position 59. Under no circumstances 60. keeps track of 【解析】 【51题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：许多物种由于人类活动已经灭绝。前后存在因果关系，此空填as a consequence of，表示“由于”。 【52题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我们可以从讨论中轻易得出结论。根据“from our discussion”以及can后接动词原形可知，此空填come to a conclusion，表示“得出结论”。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：如果你坚持这样做，我们就不得不加班。根据“doing”、句意以及主将从现的规则可知，此空填insist on，表示“坚持”，主句使用一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时表将来，主语为you，谓语动词用原形。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：虽然我们分开居住，但我们仍然互相保持联系。根据“Even though”以及“live apart”可知，此空填keep in touch with，表示“与……保持联系”陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是we，谓语动词用原形。 【55题详解】 考查副词短语。句意：智能马桶能够及早提醒我们健康问题。根据“warn us about health problems”可知，此空填early on，表示“在早期”，作状语。 【56题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：智能系统每天可以为我们提供实时健康信息。根据“Smart systems”、“information”以及can后接动词原形可知，①填provide，②填with。provide...with...是固定搭配，表示“向……提供……”。 【57题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：它们可以防止危险在家中引发事故。根据“dangers”、“causing accidents”以及can后接动词原形可知，①填prevent，②填from。短语 prevent...from...是固定搭配，表示“阻止……做某事”。 【58题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她辞去教育工作，去艺术委员会任职。根据“left her career”以及不定式符号to可知，此空填take up a position，表示“任职”。 【59题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：我们绝不能因为别人卑微的出身而看不起他们。根据倒装结构以及句意可知，此空填Under no circumstances，表示“决不”。 【60题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这套监控系统掌握屋内的动态。根据“monitoring system”以及“what is going on”可知，此空填keeps track of，表示“监测”，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 第五部分 应用文写作(25分) 61. 请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文，介绍你所敬佩的一个人物。主要包括以下内容： 姓名 黄大年 生卒年月 1958年8月至2017年1月 职业 地球物理学家 个人经历 毕业于长春地质学院；1992年被选送到英国攻读博士学位； 2009年毅然回国，致力于教育与科研事业 评价 不计个人名利，把自己的科技成果和经验全部奉献给祖国，在国内外学术界享有很高的声誉 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案: The Person I Admire Most The person I admire most is Huang Danian, a geophysicist who lived from August 1958 to January 2017. He graduated from Changchun College of Geology. In 1992, he was selected to study for his PhD in the UK. In 2009, he resolutely returned to China and devoted himself to education and scientific research. What impresses me most is that he never cared about personal fame or gain. He gave all his achievements and experience to his motherland, enjoying a high reputation in academic circles both at home and abroad. He’s a true hero, and I’ll always remember him. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇短文，介绍自己敬佩的人物黄大年，内容包含生卒年月、职业、个人经历以及对他的评价。 【详解】1.词汇积累 敬佩：admire → esteem 致力于：devote oneself to → commit/dedicate oneself to 个人的：personal→individual 铭记：remember→keep...in mind 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：The person I admire most is Huang Danian, a geophysicist who lived from August 1958 to January 2017. 拓展句：Huang Danian, a distinguished geophysicist whose life spanned from August 1958 to January 2017, is the person I esteem most. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What impresses me most is that he never cared about personal fame or gain. (运用了what引导主语从句和that引导表语从句) 【高分句型2】He gave all his achievements and experience to his motherland, enjoying a high reputation in academic circles both at home and abroad. (运用了现在分词短语earning...作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $