Unit 5 Seeing a doctor(知识清单)英语沪教版五四制五年级上册(新教材)

Unit 5 Seeing a doctor 单元知识清单 沪教版五四制五年级上册（新教材） 知识归纳 语音 字母 c、ce 和 ss 在单词中的发音 /s/（Sound: c medicine / ce nice / ss less） c /s/：medicine（药） ce /s/：nice（好的；友好的） ss /s/：less（较少的） 必记单词 cough n. 咳嗽 v. 咳嗽 nurse n. 护士 temperature n. 体温 fever n. 发烧；发热 medicine n. 药 check v. 检查 reduce v. 减少 pain n. 疼痛 常考短语 runny nose 流鼻涕 take it easy 别急；从容点 see a doctor 看医生；看病 take one's temperature 量体温 have a good rest 好好休息 do eye exercises 做眼保健操 health tips 健康建议 watch too much TV 看太多电视 twice a day 一天两次 wake up 醒来；唤醒 have a bad cold 得重感冒 keep it dry 保持它干燥 必会句型 1. How can I help you? 有什么可以帮您的？ 2. Doctor, I can't see clearly these days. 医生，我这几天看不清楚。 3. I'm afraid you use your eyes too much. 恐怕你用眼过度。 4. What should I do then? 那我该怎么办？ 5. Don't watch too much TV or play computer games for hours. 不要看太多电视或连续几个小时玩电脑游戏。 6. You have a fever. Take some medicine. 你发烧了。吃点药。 核心语法 考点 01 should/shouldn't表示建议 考点 02 否定祈使句（Don't...） 考点 03 一般过去时 考点 04 have表示患病（have a fever等） 知识点拨 考点 01 should/shouldn't表示建议 What should I do then? 那我该怎么办？ You shouldn't use your eyes too much. 你不应该过度用眼。 解析：should是情态动词，意为“应该”，用来给别人提出建议；它的否定形式shouldn't是should not的缩写，意为“不应该”。should没有人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。 一、should表示“应该”，用于提出建议 should是情态动词，后面接动词原形，表示建议某人做某事。无论主语是I、you还是he、she，后面都用should。 例句：You should take some medicine. 你应该吃点药。 例句：He should go to see a doctor. 他应该去看医生。 二、shouldn't表示“不应该”，用于劝阻 shouldn't是should not的缩写，后面同样接动词原形，表示建议某人不做某事。 例句：You shouldn't watch too much TV. 你不应该看太多电视。 例句：She shouldn't play computer games for hours. 她不应该连续几个小时玩电脑游戏。 三、询问建议：What should I do? 向别人寻求建议时，常用“What should I do?”（我该怎么办？），也可以用“What should he/she do?”询问他人该怎么做。 例句：— I have a fever. What should I do? 我发烧了。我该怎么办？ 例句：— You should have a good rest. 你应该好好休息。 ⚠ 易错提醒：should后必须接动词原形，不能加to，也不能用动词的第三人称单数形式。如“你应该去睡觉”是You should go to bed.（✓），不能说You should goes to bed.（✗）。 ✎ 大显身手 一、单项选择。 1. — What should I do, Doctor? — You ______ take this medicine twice a day. A. should B. shouldn't C. can't 2. Xiaopu ______ watch too much TV. It's bad for his eyes. A. should B. shouldn't C. can 3. You ______ stay in bed. You can go out and do more activities. A. shouldn't B. should C. must 4. The child has a fever. He ______ stay in bed and have a good rest. A. should B. shouldn't C. doesn't 5. — ______ I take the medicine before meals? — No, you shouldn't. Take it after meals. A. Do B. Should C. Am 二、用 should 或 shouldn't 填空。 1. He has a runny nose. He ______ drink more warm water. 2. You ______ use your eyes too much. 3. — What ______ I do then? — You can do eye exercises twice a day. 4. She ______ play computer games for hours. It's bad for her eyes. 5. We ______ take good care of our eyes. 考点 02 否定祈使句（Don't...） Don't watch too much TV or play computer games for hours. 不要看太多电视或连续几个小时玩电脑游戏。 Don't use your eyes too much. 不要过度用眼。 解析：否定祈使句用来表示“不要做某事”，多用于提醒、劝告或发出指令。它的构成是“Don't + 动词原形”，Don't是Do not的缩写形式。 一、基本构成：Don't + 动词原形 在动词原形前直接加Don't，句子开头Don't首字母大写。 例句：Don't touch it. 不要碰它。 例句：Don't play computer games for hours. 不要连续几个小时玩电脑游戏。 二、Don't后接be动词原形be 否定祈使句中遇到“是；成为”类表达时，用Don't be，不能说Don't are或Don't is。 例句：Don't be afraid. The doctor is very nice. 别害怕。医生很和蔼。 例句：Don't be late for school. 上学不要迟到。 三、肯定祈使句与否定祈使句的转换 肯定祈使句直接在句首加Don't就变成否定祈使句，其余部分不变。 例句：Watch TV every day. → Don't watch TV every day. 每天看电视。→ 不要每天看电视。 例句：Touch it. → Don't touch it. 碰它。→ 不要碰它。 ⚠ 易错提醒：否定祈使句用Don't开头，不能用Doesn't或Not。如“不要哭”是Don't cry.（✓），不能说Doesn't cry.（✗）。 ✎ 大显身手 一、单项选择。 1. ______ watch too much TV. It's bad for your eyes. A. Don't B. Doesn't C. Not 2. ______ touch it. Keep it dry. A. Doesn't B. Don't C. Can't 3. ______ play computer games for hours. Your eyes need a rest. A. Please B. Don't C. Doesn't 4. ______ be afraid. The doctor is very nice. A. Not B. Doesn't C. Don't 5. ______ cry. It's OK. Let me check your arm. A. Don't B. Doesn't C. Not 二、把下列句子改为否定祈使句。 1. Watch TV every day. ______________________________ 2. Touch the medicine. ______________________________ 3. Use your eyes too much. ______________________________ 4. Play computer games for hours. ______________________________ 5. Be late for school. ______________________________ 考点 03 一般过去时 One day, a man came to see Hua Tuo. 一天，一个人来看华佗。 With this plant, Hua Tuo made a medicine called mafeisan. 用这种植物，华佗制成了一种叫麻沸散的药。 解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。本单元Story time用一般过去时讲述华佗的故事，句中的动词要用过去式。 一、规则动词的过去式 一般在动词原形后加-ed，如help→helped；以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed，如cry→cried。 例句：Hua Tuo helped him. 华佗帮助了他。 例句：The man cried, "Ouch! Ouch!" 那个人喊道：“哎哟！哎哟！” 二、常见不规则动词的过去式 come→came（来）、have→had（有）、make→made（制作）、eat→ate（吃）、wake→woke（醒来）。这些动词的过去式需要逐个记忆。 例句：The child ate some white flowers. 那个孩子吃了一些白花。 例句：The boy woke up by himself. 那个男孩自己醒来了。 ⚠ 易错提醒：come的过去式是came，不是comed；eat的过去式是ate，不是eated。不规则动词的过去式没有规律，不能在动词原形后直接加-ed。 ✎ 大显身手 一、单项选择。 1. One day, a man ______ to see Hua Tuo. A. come B. comes C. came 2. When Hua Tuo helped him, the man ______, "Ouch! Ouch!" A. cries B. cried C. crying 3. Hua Tuo ______ an idea, "I need some medicine to make people sleep!" A. had B. has C. have 4. The child ______ some white flowers and his mother couldn't wake him up. A. ate B. eats C. eating 5. With this plant, Hua Tuo ______ a medicine called mafeisan. A. make B. makes C. made 二、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. come ______________________ 2. help ______________________ 3. have ______________________ 4. eat ______________________ 5. make ______________________ 考点 04 have表示患病（have a fever等） You have a fever. 你发烧了。 I cough and my nose is runny. 我咳嗽，流鼻涕。 解析：英语中常用“have + a/an + 疾病名词”来表示“患……病”。主语是第三人称单数时用has。 一、常用患病表达 have a fever 发烧；have a cough 咳嗽；have a runny nose 流鼻涕；have a bad cold 得重感冒；have a bad tooth 牙疼。 例句：She has a bad cold. 她得了重感冒。 例句：The little boy has a cough. 那个小男孩咳嗽了。 二、have/has的选择 主语是I、you、we、they或复数名词时用have；主语是he、she、it或第三人称单数名词时用has。 例句：I have a runny nose today. 我今天流鼻涕。 例句：My mother has a bad cold. 我妈妈得了重感冒。 ⚠ 易错提醒：疾病名词前通常要加冠词a，如have a fever（✓），不能说have fever（✗）。第三人称单数主语后用has，不能再用have。 ✎ 大显身手 一、单项选择。 1. — What's wrong with you? — I ______ a fever. A. am B. have C. has 2. The little boy has ______ and his nose is runny. A. cough B. coughs C. a cough 3. My grandmother ______ a bad cold. She needs to take some medicine. A. has B. have C. is 4. — Do you have ______? — Yes, my temperature is 38°C. A. fevers B. a fever C. fever 5. The girl has a ______. The nurse takes her temperature first. A. fever B. cough C. cold 二、用 have 或 has 填空。 1. I ______ a runny nose today. 2. She ______ a fever. She should stay in bed. 3. The boy ______ a cough. He shouldn't eat ice cream. 4. My mother ______ a bad cold. She needs to see a doctor. 5. You don't feel well. You ______ a fever. 参考答案 考点 01 一、A B A A B 二、1. should　2. shouldn't　3. should　4. shouldn't　5. should 考点 02 一、A B B C A 二、1. Don't watch TV every day.　2. Don't touch the medicine.　3. Don't use your eyes too much.　4. Don't play computer games for hours.　5. Don't be late for school. 考点 03 一、C B A A C 二、1. came　2. helped　3. had　4. ate　5. made 考点 04 一、B C A B A 二、1. have　2. has　3. has　4. has　5. have 第页，共页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $