上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级英语学科4月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Reading the Story It's the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful—being asked to read the same book for many many times. But 1 ______ the constant repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for children to learn new words, according to research. The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope 2 ______ they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar will achieve far more. Dr. Jessica Horst of the University of Sussex's WORD Lab devised an experiment 3 ______ (check) how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and recall six new words. The children 4 ______ (visit) three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three different stories. All had the same number of new words 5 ______ appeared the same amount of times. When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had typically learned 3.6 of the new words, while those 6 ______ (expose) to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6. They also noted the "repetition" group learned at a faster rate than those in the "variety" group. Dr. Horst said, "We are showing that less is more, to a point. And, obviously, the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help him or her. But you 7 ______ (not need) to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. 8 ______ (read) the same books over and over again helps." Speaking of the previous studies, we have found one in three parents don't read to their children 9 ______ putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one reading periods can improve reading age 10 ______ nearly two years in less than five months. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. comparisons B. crucially C. cultivate D. descriptions E. extends F. findings G. frequently H. presented I. preserve J. supports K. useful Smells and Sensibility The human sense of smell is weak. And the relative weakness of smell compared with sight (11) ______ to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to smells. Some researchers suggest it is a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words (12) ______ to their speakers. A study, by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands and Nicole Kruspe at Lund University in Sweden, (13) ______ this. To test how important people's way of life is to their use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid and Dr Kruspe looked at how two groups of people used terms for colours and smells. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who (14) ______ rice. And (15) ______ although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest. Dr Majid and Dr Kruspe asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name smells and colours (16) ______ to them at random. The two researchers found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for smells 86% of the time—about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour (17) ______ at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing smells they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while turning to (18) ______ such as "banana-like" and "chocolate-like", 56% of the time. Moreover, the Semaq Beri more (19) ______ agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai. Given these (20) ______, Dr Majid and Dr Kruspe argue that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is important to the use of abstract names for smells. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Every decade, the average height of people in Europe grows another centimetre. Every year, more and more truly big people are born. However, this does not mean humanity is producing a new super race. In fact, we are (21) ______ what we were like as cavemen. Only now are we (22) ______ the effects of generations of poor diet. For most of human history, our ancestors got their food from a wide variety of sources: women gathered herbs (草药), fruits and berries, while men added to these with occasional kills of animals. One research study found that they based their diet on 85 different wild plants, for example. Then about 9,000 years ago, agriculture was (23) ______, with destructive consequences. Most of the planet's green places have been gradually (24) ______ by farmers, with the result that just three carbohydrate (碳水化合物)-rich plants—wheat, rice and maize—provide more than half of the calories consumed by the human race today. This poor diet has had a disastrous effect. Over the centuries we have lived on soups and breads that have left us underfed and (25) ______. In one study in Ohio, scientists discovered that when they began to grow corn, healthy hunter-gatherers were turned into sickly, underweight (26) ______. Tooth decay increased, as did diseases. Far from being one of the (27) ______ of the New World, corn was a public health disaster, according to some anthropologists (人类学家). (28) ______, from then on agriculture spread because a piece of farmed land could support ten times the number of people who had previously lived off it as hunter-gatherers. The fact that most people relying on this system are poorly nourished has only (29) ______ been handled, even by the world's wealthier nations. Only in some countries are diets again reflecting the (30) ______ of our ancestors' diets. As a result, the average man in the US is now 179 cm, in Holland 180 cm, and in Japan 177 cm. It is a(n) (31) ______ trend, though not without its own problems. Heights may have risen, but the world has not moved on, it seems. A standard bed-length has remained at 190 cm since 1860. (32) ______, leg-room in planes and trains seems to have shrunk rather than grown, while clothes manufacturers are constantly having to revise their range of products. However, scientists add one note of qualification. Individuals may be growing taller because of improved nutrition, but as a species we are actually (33) ______. During the last ice age, 10,000 years ago, members of the human race were slightly rounder and taller—an evolutionary response to the (34) ______. Since the climate warmed, we appear to have got slightly thinner and smaller, even when (35) ______ fed. And as the planet continues to heat up, we may get even thinner and smaller. 21. A. returning to B. relying on C. agreeing with D. looking for 22. A. suffering B. defending C. losing D. seeing 23. A. invented B. discussed C. neglected D. replaced 24. A. taken over B. settled down C. passed on D. made up 25. A. over-rated B. over-consumed C. under-corrected D. underdeveloped 26. A. workers B. farmers C. researchers D. soldiers 27. A. discovery B. symbol C. nature D. blessings 28. A. Nevertheless B. Consequently C. Furthermore D. Namely 29. A. unintentionally B. theoretically C. recently D. scarcely 30. A. shortage B. safety C. quantity D. richness 31. A. average B. similar C. welcome D. curious 32. A. In effect B. To conclude C. For example D. Even worse 33. A. developing B. awakening C. shrinking D. suspecting 34. A. wildlife B. cold C. starvation D. crisis 35. A. unhealthily B. properly C. randomly D. regularly Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） It is a cold November evening and I am sitting at the top of a tall stepladder in a village hall. On the floor, 16 dogs stare up at me curiously. They are arranged in a square, four by four. I watch through the viewfinder of my video camera. This, I think to myself, could make me famous. I hadn't thought up the idea myself—it all came about at the request of my editor. We want you to write about viral video, he had told me a couple of weeks earlier. Go and find out why some videos go viral. What makes people share them? It sounded straightforward enough. He sent me a link to Charlie Bit My Finger, a video of a baby biting his little brother. It is currently YouTube's most watched video of all time. "I want you to make your own viral and become internet famous," he said. "If this can get 135 million hits, you can do it too." To better understand what makes people share videos, I turned to Judith Donath of MIT, who studies online social networks. She argues that the factors driving people to share stuff over the web are not that different from the reasons apes pick bugs out of each other's fur: it's a way of establishing social bonds. Other researchers have argued that in human societies, language—especially gossip—has taken on the social function of such grooming. Sharing videos through email or within social networks is just the next step. Donath argues, "Sharing online is equivalent to small talk," she says. "It's a little gift of information. It shows I'm thinking of you." Video sharing is also a way of making a statement. "In addition, people use videos as a way of showing their position in the 'information-technology ecology'," Donath says. "A video reflects on the person who sends it." In other words, people will pass on a video if they think it's cool—because it makes them look cool too. I have friends and colleagues who are cool, so I quizzed them for inspiration. Eventually, we hit upon a winning idea. I called it Pets Teach Science. The aim is to demonstrate tricky concepts ranging from quantum physics to chemical structure with the help of man's best friend and other furry companions. 36. The writer is on a ladder at the beginning of the passage because ______. A. some dogs are watching him from below B. someone is filming him with some animals C. he is trying to make a special type of video D. he is observing people making a film 37. What does the writer's editor want him to do? A. To make them both famous. B. To get a film of some rare dogs. C. To investigate the success of video-sharing websites. D. To discover the reasons for the popularity of some videos. 38. The phrase 'such grooming' (in paragraph 3) refers to ______. A. using small talk B. sharing stuff on the web C. looking after each other like animals do D. establishing social networks through gossiping 39. Which of the following does Donath give as a further reason why people share videos? A. People enjoy entertaining their friends. B. People think it gives them a good image. C. People use videos as a statement of their ideas. D. People want to practice their technical skills. （B） Yvonne Morones, owning a pet dog named Scamp the Wonder, is talking with the Pet Journal about Scamp. 40          When I saw Scamp on Petfinder, all of a sudden I understood what love was like. I suddenly found I loved him because I fell in love with his face. What did you know about him when you adopted him? He'd been living on the street in Compton, California, and people were feeding him McDonald's. And his name was Muffin Man, which didn't seem to fit him at all. What do you do to give him that bed head look? It's au naturel! He does get a mango shampoo and a coconut conditioner, but these gray dreads just appear on his head, back, and tail. The pet hairdresser says his hair is uncontrollable. Scamp works with you as a social therapy dog too. How do people react to his unusual looks? The first time he went to the senior center with me, the seniors just laughed and said, "Yvonne, what have you got there?" Then they fell in love with him. They'll even write little adventure stories about Scamp. He just inspires people. Has being awarded the world's ugliest dog changed him? He's no longer Scamp the Wonder. He's now Scamp the Champ. Now I have to get him a new dog tag. 40. Which of the following best fits the blank numbered 40          in the passage? A. Why did you go to Petfinder so often? B. What did you often find on Petfinder? C. Who brought you Scamp the Wonder? D. How did you first meet Scamp the Wonder? 41. By "It's au naturel!", Yvonne means that A. Scamp turned gray after being adopted by her B. Scamp is fond of being washed with shampoo C. nothing has been done to change Scamp's appearance D. it is the pet hairdresser who has given Scamp his new look 42. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scamp used to live a hard life on the street. B. Scamp is popular with children as well as seniors. C. Yvonne changed Scamp's name after the award. D. Yvonne writes adventure stories about Scamp. （C） Researchers have been looking for genes related to schizophrenia, a mental disease, for at least 50 years. What makes them think they will find them is that the disorder has a high heritability (遗传力). This term is often interpreted as a measure of the relative role played by genes. Heritability is usually expressed as a percentage between 0 and 100 percent. Scientists have estimated the heritability of schizophrenia using several approaches, including studies of twins. Most estimates are around 80 percent. Many researchers argue that heritability estimates for schizophrenia can be very misleading, however. They question key suppositions, including the so-called equal environment assumption (EEA), which considers both identical and fraternal twins (同卵及异卵双胞胎) to be subject to the same environmental influences. "These basic assumptions are wrong," says Roar Fosse, a neuroscientist at the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust in Norway, who led a recent critical assessment of the EEA. But twin researchers have mounted a vigorous defense of the approach. "I don't think it's likely that current heritability numbers are substantially overestimated," says Kenneth Kendler, a psychiatrist at the Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Medicine. Some researchers have an even deeper critique of heritability. They argue that the technical calculations of the term do not account for the relative role of genes and environment. Heritability, rather, measures only how much the variation of a trait (特征) in a particular population—whether height, IQ or being diagnosed with schizophrenia—reflects genetic differences in that group. As an example of how misleading heritability estimates can be, Eric Turkheimer, a geneticist at the University of Virginia, points to the human trait of having two arms. Nearly everyone in a given population has two of them, and there is normally no difference in the number of arms between identical twins—who share nearly 100 percent of their DNA sequence—and fraternal twins, who are assumed to share 50 percent of their genes on average. Thus, when heritability for arm number is calculated using standard heritability equations, it comes out to 0. And yet we know that having two arms is almost entirely genetically determined. Figuring out what heritability for schizophrenia actually means is key, says Evan Eichel at the University of Washington, Seattle, because even the most high-powered genetic studies have identified only about a third of the predicted genetic part. Will this so-called missing heritability eventually show up in more complicated studies? Or will it turn out that genes are not playing as big a role as heritability estimates have long predicted? Let's wait and see. 43. It can be inferred from the passage that some researchers criticize heritability because ______. A. it leads to underestimation of possible cases of schizophrenia B. it puts emphasis on a small number of genetic differences C. it fails to take the effect of the environment into account D. it relies too much on the studies of two kinds of twins 44. According to the passage, ______ is a supporter of EEA. A. Roar Fosse B. Kenneth Kendler C. Eric Turkheimer D. Evan Eichel 45. Why is the human trait of two arms mentioned in the passage (in paragraph 5)? A. As an example of the zero difference between twins. B. To illustrate how wrong heritability estimates can be. C. To argue against using both identical and fraternal twins. D. As an approach to explaining what is genetically determined. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Heritability: Missing or Just Hiding? B. Heritability: A Self-Evident Concept C. Heritability: A New Method of Research? D. Heritability: High-powered genetic studies Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. The transfer of energy from one species to another can occur several times, but eventually the chain ends. B. The first organism in the food chain cannot feed on other organisms and is called a producer because it makes its own food. C. Consumers are classified depending on their place in the chain. D. Firstly, producers are those that rely on green plants for energy. E. They are a source of energy for the organism in the next step in the chain, a consumer. F. Once a cycle ends, it starts another one. What is a Food Chain A food chain shows the relationship between organisms which feed on each other. This essay will describe the three types of organism which form food chains, and explain how each organism acts as a food source for the next one in the chain. (47) ______ Green plants are an example of a producer. They use photosynthesis (光合作用), that is, the process of turning carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds (有机化合物) using energy from light from the sun. These organic compounds are found in various parts of the plant such as the leaves, fruit, and roots. (48) ______ Consumers are generally animals and humans who eat the products of photosynthesis. Examples of this are sheep eating grass, and birds eating seeds. (49) ______ For instance, when humans eat vegetables, they are primary consumers. In other words, they are directly eating a product of photosynthesis. When they eat meat, they are secondary consumers. Consumers can also be divided into groups according to what they eat: herbivores, which eat only plants or plant products, carnivores, which eat animals, and omnivores, which eat both plants and animals. (50) ______ When the final consumer dies, its body is broken down into simple molecules (分子) by decomposers such as bacteria, in the final steps of the chain. These molecules are returned to the soil, where they are used by plants, and the food chain begins again. To summarize, a food chain shows that every organism is dependent on another for its source of energy, and in turn acts as a food source for the next organism in the chain. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hosting the Olympics Today, the Olympic Games are one of the most popular and most watched events in the world. Every four years many countries enter the fierce competition to host the Games. Why do they do this? What are the advantages of hosting such an event? A world-class event demands world-class facilities from the host city, and any which do not already exist will have to be built. These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over. An example of this is the accommodation which will have to be built, not only for the athletes in their Olympic village, but also for the visitors. Later this can be turned into permanent accommodation for tourists and students. The transport system must also be taken into consideration. Hosting the Olympics means having an effective wide-reaching system, which is necessary to carry people safely and quickly to their destinations. Such a transport system is a great advantage for any city and will be in place for many years to come. Funding any great event is an expensive business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal opportunity for advertising. This means that advertising profits can easily cover a large proportion of the costs involved. In addition, the broadcasting rights can be a source of finance. For example, the national American TV company NBC paid $3.5 billion to broadcast the Olympic Games between 2000 and 2008. Another consideration is employment. High-tech video cameras are already common in most of our big cities today, and increasing the manpower necessary to guarantee the safety of all concerned provides valuable employment opportunities. Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering, and hospitality. In conclusion, it is generally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure. But this is not all. Not only do the improved facilities remain after the Games have gone, but the city also becomes a significant place in its own right. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 亨利抓住弟弟的手臂。(by) 53. 越靠近那幢屋子，我们的步伐就越缓慢。(close) 54. 在一次心理课上，当我必须要表态是否喜欢这个课程时，你可以想象这有多尴尬。(embarrassing) 55. 这个应用程序很快就无人问津的原因是它的开发者没有将用户的实际需求考虑在内。(account) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你的英国笔友Tom来信，询问疫情期间你们学校是采取什么措施保障同学们学习进度的。请你写一封回信，内容包括：1) 学校采取的两项主要措施；2) 你的感受。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. while/although/though 2. that 3. to check 4. were visited 5. which 6. exposed 7. don’t need 8. Reading 9. before 10. by Section B 11. E 12. K 13. J 14. C 15. B 16. H 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. F II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B Section B 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A Section C 47. B 48. E 49. C 50. A III. Summary Writing 51. Hosting the Olympics, held every four years, has many advantages. Facilities, like accommodation and transport, will remain for the citizens to enjoy after the Games. Besides, companies will compete to fund the Games, as they can make profits from advertising or broadcasting. It also creates job opportunities. Above all, the host city will gain a place in the world. IV. Translation 52. Henry held his brother by the arm. 53. The closer we were to the house, the more slowly we walked. 54. You can imagine how embarrassing it was when I was asked during a psychology class to say whether I liked this course. 55. The reason why no one showed interest in this application soon was that its developer didn’t take users’ actual needs into account. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Tom, I am thrilled to hear from you, and I am more than happy to share with you how our school has ensured our academic progress during the COVID-19 pandemic. First and foremost, our school rapidly transitioned to a comprehensive online teaching platform. Teachers utilized various interactive video conferencing tools to deliver live lectures, ensuring that our education was not interrupted despite the physical closure of the campus. This measure effectively maintained our academic momentum. Secondly, the school adopted flexible assessment methods and prioritized our mental well-being. Assignments were adjusted to be more manageable, and professional psychological counselors were made available online to alleviate our anxiety. The school also encouraged us to maintain a healthy daily routine. Personally, I found these measures incredibly reassuring. Although it was challenging to adapt to the virtual environment initially, the dedication of our teachers and the supportive online community made me feel safe and motivated. I firmly believe that we will overcome these difficulties together. Yours, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $