上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. because 2. Put 3. whether 4. further 5. which 6. to listen 7. may 8. is not known 9. concerning 10. what Section B 11. J 12. D 13. I 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. K II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. A Section B 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. C Section C 47. C 48. E 49. D 50. B III. Summary Writing 51. Stress, a common problem in today’s society, is now experienced by more people today than in the past. Experiencing too much stressed or for too long a time may cause physical or mental problems. However, there are two kinds of stress. Eustress is the kind that will give people positive motivation while distress will affect people negatively. IV. Translation 52.There is no doubt that adequate preparation will increase your chances of success. 53.The teacher was pleased to see the students absorbed in the project. 54.No matter how great the difficulties are, he always finds means to fulfill his promise. 55.Not until the teacher pointed it out did I realize the flaw in the plan. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editor, If I were given the opportunity to create a time capsule for future generations, I would unhesitatingly choose to place a physical paperback book inside it. First and foremost, a book serves as a distinctive and tangible symbol of our era. In this digital age dominated by smartphones and e-readers, a physical book represents a sense of tranquility and traditional intellectual pursuit. It reflects our cultural heritage and the enduring value we place on deep reading. Secondly, books carry profound emotional and cultural weight. A physical book is not merely a compilation of printed pages; it embodies the author's wisdom, the publisher's craftsmanship, and the reader's personal memories. It provides a stark contrast to the fleeting nature of digital information. In conclusion, by placing a book in the time capsule, I hope to convey a message to future generations. I want them to know that amidst the rapid technological evolution, humans still cherished the act of turning pages and the profound wisdom encapsulated in literature. I believe this is the best way to connect our past with their future. 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Mirror Neurons (神经元) Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's 1 ______ we have mirror neurons in our brains. 2 ______ (put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, 3 ______ we actually perform the same action or not. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes 4 ______ (far): mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people. Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas 5 ______ relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences 6 ______ (listen) to (for example: "The hand took hold of the ball"), the same mirror neurons were triggered (触发) as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball). Any problems with mirror neurons 7 ______ well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it 8 ______ (not know) exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders. Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with even more information 9 ______ (concern) how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of 10 ______ Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you'll understand why. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. chairs B. competitors C. contributes D. decline E. emit F. licensed G. limit H. paralleled I. record J. symbol K. worthless Kangaroos in Australia Across Australia's most populous state, at least 5 million kangaroos are thought to have died terrible deaths since one of the country's worst droughts (干旱) began nearly four years ago. The crisis has urged calls for changes to how Australia manages a national (11) ______. Surveys indicate Australia has more than 40 million kangaroos, nearly twice the number of humans. That marks a(n) (12) ______ of about 16 million in recent years, largely due to drought. Rangelands in eastern Australia, home to millions of kangaroos, have just had their driest three-year period on (13) ______. On a recent drive, Geoff Wise, a veterinarian (兽医) from Dubbo, says he spotted a kangaroo dead of hunger or thirst or killed by a passing vehicle roughly every 200 metres. Mr Wise (14) ______ a body that recently held a conference about managing the kangaroo population. State governments allow "commercial harvesting" of four kangaroo species for meat and fur. The kangaroo industry (15) ______ about $170 million a year to Australia's economy. George Wilson of the Australian National University says it could be more if farmers could see kangaroos as livestock (家畜), not as (16) ______ for the grass and water consumed by cattle and sheep. Expanding the industry this way would bring better controls over kangaroos' welfare, and help the environment. Kangaroos can survive on just 1.5 litres of water a day. They (17) ______ far less methane, a greenhouse gas. And their meat has less fat and more protein. The states typically permit (18) ______ professionals to kill up to 15% of the total kangaroo population. Last year, for instance, the (19) ______ across the four states with the biggest number of kangaroos was set at 7 million. But for some time, the kangaroo hunters have used only some of their quotas (定额), sometimes killing just 3.5% of the population. That is because demand for kangaroo meat and fur has been falling. A campaign by animal-rights activists urged California, once a big market, to stop imports three years ago. Mr Wilson says this has made skins "(20) ______", without bringing any improvement in kangaroo welfare. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Basic research, driven by curiosity, freedom and imagination, provides the groundwork for all applied research and technology. And just as we have to break the endless cycle of Band-Aid fixes to roads and rails, long-term investments in (21) ______ are vital. Curiosity-driven basic research has brought truly (22) ______ transformations, such as the rapid growth of computer-based intelligence and the discovery of the genetic basis of life. It also (23) ______ new tools and techniques that spread throughout society, such as the World Wide Web, originally developed for physicists to cultivate scientific cooperation. It (24) ______ the sharpest minds on the toughest challenges, and its products are widely used by industry and society. No one can exclusively capture its rewards—it is a truly (25) ______ good. The path from basic research to applications is not one-directional and linear, but rather it is complex and (26) ______. The (27) ______ technologies enable even more fundamental discoveries, such as quantum mechanics, which has led to computer chips and other inventions that are responsible for a significant part of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). To (28) ______ the full potential of human intellect and imagination, we need to balance short-term expectations with long-term investment. Just as a financial expert would never (29) ______ giving up a retirement fund to enrich an already sufficient checking account, we need to advocate for a balanced portfolio (投资组合) of short- and long-term research initiatives. (30) ______, driven by decreasing funding, against a background of economic uncertainty, and ever shortening time cycles, research is becoming (31) ______ directed toward short-term goals that may address current problems but miss out on huge advances in the long term. It is human to (32) ______ necessities in times of stress. But investing in basic research, just like saving for retirement, is a prerequisite (先决条件) for (33) ______ welfare, innovation and societal progress. Long-term investments in basic research are crucial and lead to an even higher goal: the global (34) ______ of accepting the scientific culture of accuracy, truth seeking, critical questioning and dialogue, healthy skepticism, (35) ______ for facts and uncertainties, and wonder at the richness of nature and the human spirit. 21. A. construction B. imagination C. knowledge D. freedom 22. A. revolutionary B. synthetic C. biological D. social 23. A. depends on B. consists of C. conflicts with D. leads to 24. A. trains B. questions C. congratulates D. enlightens 25. A. lasting B. temporary C. public D. personal 26. A. careful B. pointless C. direct D. cyclic 27. A. resulting B. surprising C. remaining D. disappointing 28. A. add to B. take up C. set about D. tap into 29. A. postpone B. recommend C. escape D. confess 30. A. Besides B. Namely C. Therefore D. However 31. A. necessarily B. dangerously C. successfully D. mutually 32. A. talk about B. focus on C. point at D. carry out 33. A. ensuring B. considering C. cutting D. reforming 34. A. issues B. benefits C. crisis D. economy 35. A. respect B. fitness C. requirement D. context Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Doug Allan films wild animals in cold places. His perfect temperature, he says, is -18°C. Allan trained as a marine biologist and commercial diver. Diving was his first passion, where he learned about survival in cold places. His big break came when a TV crew turned up in Antarctica, where Allan was working, to film a wildlife documentary. 'I ended up taking the crew to different places, and after 48 hours I realised that being a wildlife cameraman had all the things I love: travel, adventure, underwater.' He is now a top cameraman and has worked on many major TV wildlife series. 'My value is field experience in cold conditions. I have a feel for it. I have spent so much time on sea ice it now feels like crossing the street. I do get cold toes but the poles are healthy places. There are no diseases or mosquitoes.' Wildlife filming, Allan says, is full of great successes, but also failures and embarrassments. Once, he was in the Orkneys to film kittiwakes. Unfortunately he could not identify which birds they were. When Allan recently got permission to film sequences (一组镜头) for a major TV series in Kong Karls Land, a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, he did not expect an easy assignment. It is a world of polar bears and is strictly off limits to all but the most fearless or foolish. Usually -32°C in April, the wind is strong and keeping cameras in the deep snow is a nightmare. After walking five or more hours a day and watching polar bear dens (巢穴) in the snow slopes for 23 days, however, Allan had seen just one mother bear and her baby. By day 24, though, he says, he was living in bear world, at bear speed, with bear senses. 'We find a new hole and wait. We try every means to stay warm. Five hours of watching and then with no warning at all I catch a glimpse (瞥见) so brief that I almost miss it. But the camera's locked on the hole on full zoom and my eye's very quickly on the viewfinder. Nothing for a couple of seconds and then an unmistakable black nose. Nose grows bigger to become full head and in less than a minute she has her front legs out and is resting on the snow in front of the hole. She's looking at me but she's not bothered. I've just taken a close-up, thinking this can't get much better... when she sets off on a long slide down the slope. I'd swear it's partly in sheer pleasure,' he recalls, adding that two baby bears then appeared at the den entrances. 'Clearly it's their first view of the world... It's show time on the slopes and we have front-row seats.' 36. What do we learn about Allan in the first paragraph? A. He trained as a diver in order to become a wildlife cameraman. B. Becoming a cameraman suited the interests he already had. C. Finding work as a cameraman allowed him to remain in Antarctica. D. He was given the chance to work as a cameraman by a TV crew he met. 37. Why does Allan compare spending time on sea ice to crossing the street? A. It is an ordinary occurrence for him. B. He thinks it presents a similar level of danger. C. He has learnt to approach it in the same way. D. It requires skills that can be used in winter conditions. 38. When Allan had been on Kong Karls Land for a while, he began to ______. A. be more hopeful that one bear would lead him to others B. feel a deep understanding of how polar bears lived C. get used to the terrible conditions for filming D. stop worrying about the dangers he was facing 39. What feeling does Allan describe in the last paragraph? A. Panic when he nearly fails to film a fantastic sequence. B. Concern that he has disturbed an adult female with her young. C. Amazement at being lucky enough to capture some great shots. D. Delight at being able to move around after waiting quietly for ages. （B） Flexibility Flexitime helps to maintain a work-life balance. Flexitime is a scheme where an organisation offers its employees the opportunity of a flexible working hours arrangement. How does flexitime work? Essentially, your organisation will agree standard or core hours that must be worked by employees as well as flexible working hours where employees can come and go as they please. For example, you might agree to: Arrive for work between 0730-1000 (flexitime) Guarantee to be there between 1000-1200 (core time) Take your lunch break between 1200-1400 (flexible lunch hour) Guarantee to be there from 1400-1600 (core time) Leave between 1600-1930 (flexitime) The hours you work between these times are credited to you. In effect, you set up a time bank with your employer. An employee is obliged to work the basic core hours and has the flexibility to clock in/out during the other hours. Most schemes allow you a credit or debit margin, often of about 10 hours. For example, if you work a 35-hour week, then over four weeks, you will 'owe' your employer 140 hours. These four weeks are your 'accounting period'; if you work more than 140 hours in four weeks then you will be in credit, and if you work fewer hours then you will owe time to your employer. If you go beyond your credit margin, into surplus, you may have to give up your extra hours; if you go beyond your debit margin, into debt, you may be disciplined or lose pay. One of the best-liked features of flexitime is flexileave. You can turn your credit hours into time off. Depending on the scheme you are in, this might be one or two half days a month or one full day, or you may be able to add days to your holiday entitlement. What are the advantages for employees? Flexitime offers several advantages for employees: it allows them to schedule their travel time to avoid congestion; to bank extra hours for leisure or personal activities; and to deal with personal matters without having to take time off. Parents can also schedule their working day so that they can pick up young children. In addition, flexitime reduces absenteeism, reduces stress and exhaustion, and helps employees stay focused. It increases morale and improves employee satisfaction and productivity. For employers, flexitime helps keep and attract new employees. Visits to the doctor or dentist during the working day are made in the employee’s own time. It also makes it easier to measure attendance, because employers pay only for time in attendance, and late arrival caused by traffic congestion, delayed trains and similar problems is at the employee’s expense. Finally, flexitime provides an incentive for employees to complete tasks rather than carry them over to the next day, since extra hours worked count towards the final target. 40. According to how flexitime works, which of the following statements is true? A. You must work over ten hours a day. B. You can't be absent during core hours. C. You can clock out any time as you please. D. You mustn't arrive later than your employer. 41. Your company's scheme requires you work a 35-hour week and allows you a credit or debit margin of 10 hours. Suppose you worked 155 hours in the past four weeks, then how many hours could be turned into time off? A. 35. B. 15. C. 10. D. 5. 42. Which of the following is an advantage of flexitime? A. Employees have more time to travel around. B. Employees will be paid more for their work. C. There will be fewer unnecessary overtime hours. D. There will be fewer visits to doctors at work hours. （C） Why is productivity growth low if information technology is advancing rapidly? A heated topic in the 1980s and early 1990s, this question has in recent years again become one of the hottest in economics. Its importance has grown as techies have become convinced that machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) will soon put many workers out of work (Bill Gates has called for a robot tax and Elon Musk for a universal basic income). A lot of economists think that a huge increase in productivity that would leave millions unemployed is unlikely soon, if at all. Yet this year's meeting of the American Economic Association showed they are taking the tech believes seriously. Recent history seems to support productivity pessimism (悲观). From 1995 to 2004 output per hour worked grew at an annual average pace of 2.5%; from 2004 to 2016 the pace was just 1%. Elsewhere in the G7 group of rich countries, the pace has been slower still. An obvious explanation is that the financial crisis of 2007-08 led firms to delay productivity-promoting investment. Not so, say John Fernald, of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, and co-authors, who estimate that in America the slow-down began in 2006. Productivity has stagnated despite increasing research spending. This supports the popular idea that fewer transformative technologies are left to be discovered. Others take the opposed view. A presentation by Erik Brynjolfsson of MIT pointed to recent sharp gains in machines' ability to recognise patterns. They can, for instance, outperform humans at recognising most images—crucial to the technology behind driverless cars—and match doctors' accuracy in diagnosing skin cancer. Mr Brynjolfsson and his co-authors forecast that such advances will eventually lead to a widespread re-organisation of jobs, affecting high- and low-skilled workers alike. Productivity pessimism remains common among official forecasters, but more academics are trying to understand how automation may affect the economy. In a series of papers, Daron Acemoglu of MIT and Pascual Restrepo of Boston University present new theoretical models of innovation. They propose that technological progress be divided into two categories: the sort that replaces labour with machines; and that which creates new, more complex tasks for humans. The first, automation, pushes down wages and employment. The second, the creation of new tasks, can restore workers' fortunes. Historically, the authors argue, the two types of innovation seem to have been in balance, encouraged by market forces. If automation leads to a labour glut (供应过剩), wages fall, reducing the returns to further automation, so firms find new, more productive ways to put people to work instead. As a result, previous predictions of technology-related joblessness have proved mostly wrong. 43. Bill Gates and Elon Musk are mentioned in the passage in order to ______. A. support some economists' view of productivity pessimism B. illustrate that techies worry about joblessness related to technology C. give examples of tech believers who think robots should be limited D. propose that a new taxation system should be set up in the digital age 44. The word "stagnated" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______. A. kept falling B. continued leaping C. stopped progressing D. quitted working 45. The "opposite view" (in paragraph 3) refers to the opinion that ______. A. people should be optimistic about our job opportunities B. fundamental advancements can still occur in technologies C. low-skilled workers will be more affected by high-skilled ones D. transformative technologies will have a negative effect on productivity 46. Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo are most likely to agree with ______. A. technological progresses will cause more problems than expected B. the two types of innovation prove to be impossible to keep in balance C. we needn't worry about the unemployment associated with technology D. automation will lead to a labour glut and then leave people out of work Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Treated water, meanwhile, will be made drinkable again. B. We will treat and reuse wastewater from toilets as well as gray water sent down drains and released by washing machines. C. Yet applying green construction to multiple buildings at once may be an even better idea. D. These measures should reduce annual electricity consumption by more than half and bring carbon emissions to zero. E. It aims to apply existing technology to dramatically reduce fuel and water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. F. More than a quarter of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions emanate from residences. Sustainable Communities In the past decade the construction and retrofitting (改造) of individual homes to reduce energy and water use has grown explosively. (47) ______ Sharing resources and infrastructure (基础设施) could reduce waste, and retrofitting poor or moderate-income neighborhoods could also bring cost savings and modern technology to people who would typically lack such opportunities. One such example is the Oakland EcoBlock project, which I lead at the University of California, Berkeley. It is a multidisciplinary attempt involving urban designers, engineers, social scientists and policy experts from city, state and federal governments, academia, private industry, nonprofits and grassroots organizations. The program, which has been planned in great detail but has not yet begun construction, will retrofit 30 to 40 old homes in a lower- to middle-income neighborhood near California's famous Golden Gate Bridge. (48) ______ We expect to rapidly get back the money spent on infrastructure with savings from operating expenses while ensuring residents' long-term comfort and security. To bring in renewable power, we will install some devices on buildings throughout the area and send the energy to a smart microgrid (微电网). Extra solar energy will be stored via flywheels housed in a communal building. The residents will also share electric cars, which will have access to more than two dozen local charging stations. (49) ______ The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that as much as 50 percent of California's home water consumption goes towards gardening. (50) ______ The recycled water will go to lawns and gardens. We will collect rainwater and deliver it to toilets and washers and install efficient fixtures and taps. Our estimates suggest that the EcoBlock's system-level redesign will cut demand for water by up to 70 percent. The Oakland EcoBlock project will provide local construction jobs and help revitalize a community. If it is as successful as we predict, it could serve as a model of sustainability that can be copied elsewhere in the world. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Understanding Stress Stress—the way a person responds to changes and difficult situations—is a common experience that people all over the world share. In fact, most people have stressful experiences every day. However, research shows that people experience more stress today than they did in the past. Forty-eight percent of people in the United States report that they feel more stressed today than they did five years ago. In addition, most doctor visits in the world (three out of five) happen because of problems related to stress. Scientists and health workers are interested in this subject because high stress levels have serious consequences that can affect people's health and daily lives. Too much stress—or stress that continues for a long time—can cause serious physical and emotional problems. These problems include trouble sleeping, sickness, and pain. Heart disease and even cancer probably result from stress. Moreover, people under stress are in more danger of having an accident at work or while driving, and they might start bad habits more easily such as smoking or eating too much. It is important to point out that stress is not always bad, however; actually, today's busy lifestyles cause two kinds of stress—eustress and distress. Eustress is the effect of positive events that cause a change in a person's life. Eustress provides the amount of stress that is just right for a person to grow, to stay energetic, and to feel happy with life. For instance, getting married is a happy life event for most people. However, getting married is also a big change, so it causes stress. Distress, on the other hand, is the effect of bad or difficult experiences. Problems with money, school, or relationships are common causes of distress in modern life. Distress can cause serious health and emotional problems, but eustress can actually improve a person's well-being. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 毫无疑问，充分的准备会增加你成功的机会。(chance) 53. 看到学生们全身心投入项目，老师感到很欣慰。(absorb) 54. 无论遇到多大的困难，他总是想方设法履行自己的承诺。(means) 55. 直到老师指出，我才意识到这个方案的缺陷。(Not until) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在学校英语报上看到一个主题为 "Time Capsule" 的征文，你对此很感兴趣。写一篇文章，内容需包括：1) 你计划将什么物品放入 "时间胶囊"；2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $