精品解析：上海市洋泾中学2026-2027学年高三上学期10月阶段质量检测英语试卷

高三年级10月份阶段质量检测 英语试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 满分：140分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Home. B. The hospital. C. The cafeteria. D. The restaurant. 2. A. Two passengers on the bus. B. Policeman and driver. C. Hotel receptionist and traveler. D. Passenger and taxi driver. 3. A. $10. B. $15. C. $20. D. $25. 4. A. Lock the door carefully. B. Open the door. C. Fix the door himself. D. Call a repairman. 5. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy. B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person. C. The man is meeting the woman instead of Mr. Brown. D. The man feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come. 6. A. Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech. B. Alice needs more training in making public speeches. C. The man could hardly understand Alice’s presentation. D. The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation. 7. A. The new dress is for warm weather. B. The new dress makes her look cool. C. She doesn’t like cold weather at all. D. She bought the dress when it was warm. 8. A. She thinks it is a serious problem. B. She hates working in McDonald’s. C. She opposes building a McDonald’s. D. She longs to enjoy McDonald’s food. 9. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D. Sensitive. 10. A. They will hold a furniture display. B. They will hold a lecture tonight. C. They are short of chairs for the audience. D. They haven’t prepared the lecture well. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Engine trouble. B. Poor weather. C. Tall waterfalls. D. A tight budget. 12. A. Amazing as well as tough. B. Funny while incredible. C. Disappointing but rewarding. D. Fascinating and well-paid. 13. A. A mechanic. B. A photographer. C. A travel writer. D. A weather man. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report. 14. A. Hangzhou held four United Nations World Data Forums. B. The Agenda for Sustainable Development will be conducted in 2030. C. A new philosophy includes innovation, coordination and openness. D. Sustainable development leads to prosperity of data sharing. 15. A. Many countries have been invited. B. It has been held in China before. C. Its slogan is innovation, coordinated and green. D. The forum is organized by the government of Zhejiang Province. 16. A. To build a win-win international cooperation. B. To improve digital infrastructure. C. To strengthen data and statistical capacity building. D. To draft the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. To demand the date of the goods’ delivery. B. To get goods insurance. C. To make sure whether the goods will be delivered on time. D. To inquire about the position of the man. 18. A. The man forgot the deadline. B. The man has gone through some technical problems. C. The man had not done his best. D. There were some serious problems with the goods. 19. A. The woman will cancel half the order. B. The woman will end the contract with the man. C. The man will face some technical problems. D. The man will have to pay a great penalty. 20. A. Worried. B. Grateful. C. Guilty. D. Relived. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 9:00 A. M., Saturday, November 14 The moment Fatima Bennett had dreamed of was finally here. Therefore, she couldn’t be ___1___(happy). The 4C Challenge (also known as the Clark County Coding Competition) was the event of the year ___2___target participants were STEM-minded eighth graders like Fatima and her two best friends, Julia Sheen and Felipe Alvarez. Their classmates were busy posting pictures on social media of their glorious summer vacations while the three best friends, who called ___3___Team Java Time, had spent countless hours storyboarding, coding, and adjusting their program. Their app, Romeo and Juliet Remixed, turned the famous play into a multiplayer adventure that retold the story,___4___(integrate) Shakespeare’s language with the rhymes of songs. The completed app was due by September 1, and the teens had worked hard to get it done.___5___at any point they lost momentum (动力), they were pushed by weekly texts from Neil Green, who had taken over the competition coordination (协调) this year. On the day when their app ___6___ (submit) to the competition’s submission website, Fatima said, “A prize would be great, but we all know the very best reward.” The teens shouted, “K-J-H-S!” Fatima, Julia, and Felipe were excited to show off their digital skills in front of the other teams of eighth graders, but they were most interested in the reward ___7___(give) to the top three teams: guaranteed admission to Katherine Johnson High School, the county’s STEM magnet school. Felipe, Fatima, and Julia, friends since kindergarten,___8___barely contain their excitement. Their dream of going to KJHS together was ___9___their reach! That was ____10____Fatima didn’t mind getting out of bed at 8 A.M. on this cold November Saturday to spend the day at Clarksville University, the site of the annual competition. 【答案】1. happier 2. whose 3. themselves 4. integrating 5. If 6. was submitted 7. given 8. could 9. within 10. why 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了三个好朋友Fatima，Julia，和Felipe积极参加编程竞赛，以获得精英中学的入学资格。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，她再高兴不过了。句型：can’t be+形容词比较级，意为“再……也不过分”。故填happier。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：4C挑战赛（也被称为克拉克县编程比赛）是今年的活动，目标参与者是有stem思维的八年级学生，比如Fatima和她的两个最好的朋友Julia Sheen 和 Felipe Alvarez。考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the event”，和“target”之间为所有关系，用whose。故填whose。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：同学们忙着在社交媒体上晒自己暑假的照片，而这三个自称“Java时间团队”的好朋友花了无数个小时制作故事板、编码和调整程序。指代主语，用反身代词；主语为who，指的是“the three best friends”，用themselves。故填themselves。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的应用程序《罗密欧与朱丽叶混音版》将这部著名的戏剧变成了一款多人冒险游戏，将莎士比亚的语言与歌曲的押韵结合在一起，重新讲述了这个故事。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“their app”之间为主动关系，用动词ving形式。故填integrating。 【5题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：如果在任何时候他们失去了动力，他们就会受到Neil Green每周发来的短信的推动，他今年接管了竞争协调工作。这里为状语从句的连接词，根据句意可知，空处指的是“如果”，用if引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填If。 【6题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：当他们的应用程序被提交到竞赛的提交网站时，Fatima说：“获奖固然很好，但我们都知道最好的奖励是什么。” 这里为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“on the day”可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为their app，单数，和动词submit之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was submitted。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Fatima，Julia，和Felipe很兴奋地在其他八年级学生面前展示他们的数字技能，但他们最感兴趣的是给前三名的奖励：保证进入凯瑟琳约翰逊高中，这是该县的STEM精英中学。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，动词“give”和被修饰词“the reward”之间存在被动关系，用动词的过去分词。故填given。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：Felipe，Fatima，和Julia从幼儿园开始就是朋友，他们几乎不能抑制自己的兴奋。根据句意可知，三个好朋友决定胜利在望，所以不能抑制自己的兴奋，用情态动词could。故填could。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们一起去KJHS的梦想就在眼前！固定短语：within one’s reach，意为“伸手可及”。故填within。 【10题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么Fatima不介意在这个寒冷的11月周六早上8点起床，去克拉克斯维尔大学度过一天的原因，那里是一年一度的比赛的举办地。这里为表语从句的连接词，根据句意可知，表语从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。故填why。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. resting B. commonly C. intervals D. scheduled E. consequently F. desired G. needing H. coping I. affects J. subsequent K. alternatives Why People Snooze Their Alarm Getting up early in the morning is no easy task for plenty of people. That’s why alarms are important — they ensure that you wake up at your ____11____ time in the morning. However, nobody can deny how tempting it is to try and squeeze in a few more minutes of sleep. About 57 percent of people snooze in the morning, which is defined as ____12____ multiple alarms to wake up. If you set a single alarm and snooze it repeatedly or set several alarms at regular ____13____ until the time you absolutely need to get up, you are a snoozer. Waking up on the first alarm is ____14____ recommended, but does it really make a difference if you are woken up by one alarm compared to several ones? In a recent Sleep study, researchers examine how snoozing ____15____ an individual’s health and sleep. According to the study, people snooze for a variety of reasons. Most of the participants said that they just can’t get up with only the first alarm. Some say they snooze because they feel comfortable in bed, while others do it because they feel less tired when they do get up. “I think snoozing might be a sign that people are waking up because of important ____16____ activities rather than because they have adequately rested,” says Stephen M. Mattingly, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Notre Dame who was involved in the study. The participants wore an activity tracker for the study, which allowed the authors to observe that snoozing is generally associated with lighter sleep in the last hour before waking up and a higher ____17____ heart rate across the night. The study found that snoozing isn’t necessarily associated with decreased sleep duration, increased sleepiness or more naps. This suggests that there might not be much of a difference between waking up on the first alarm or the ____18____ ones when it comes to shorter sleep duration or daytime sleepiness. What might matter more is whether you are sleep-deprived in the first place or not. “I don’t like to think of snoozing in terms of ‘bad’ or ‘good.’” says Mattingly. “I think the best answer is ‘there may be situations where it’s better than ____19____.’ I see snoozing as a possible ____20____ mechanism for not sleeping enough. Thus, ‘good’ is sleeping as much as your body needs.” 【答案】11. F 12. G 13. C 14. B 15. I 16. D 17. A 18. J 19. K 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们早晨反复按掉闹钟、贪睡回笼觉的现象，并结合一项睡眠研究说明贪睡与睡眠、健康之间的关系及可能原因。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：闹钟之所以重要，是因为它们能确保你在早晨你期望的时间醒来。所填词作定语修饰名词time，应用形容词；结合That’s why alarms are important可知，方框中的形容词desired表示“期望的、想要的”，符合本句语境。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：约57%的人早上会贪睡，这被定义为需要多个闹钟才能醒来。所填词作介词as的宾语，结合multiple alarms to wake up可知，方框中的动名词needing表示“需要”，可放在介词之后作宾语，符合本句语境。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你只设一个闹钟并反复贪睡，或是每隔固定间隔设好几个闹钟，直到你绝对不得不起床的时间，你就是一个贪睡者。所填词作介词at的宾语，前面有形容词regular修饰，应用名词；结合set several alarms at regular可知，方框中的名词intervals表示“间隔”，符合本句语境。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：通常建议在第一个闹钟响起时就醒来，但被一个闹钟叫醒和被好几个闹钟叫醒真的有区别吗？所填词作状语修饰动词recommended，应用副词；结合but does it really make a difference可知，方框中的副词commonly表示“通常”，符合本句语境。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：在最近一项睡眠期刊研究中，研究人员考察了贪睡如何影响一个人的健康和睡眠。本句陈述客观事实，主句researchers examine用了一般现在时，所填词在宾语从句how snoozing ________ an individual’s health and sleep作谓语，也要用该时态，主语snoozing表示单数概念，所填谓语应用动词的第三人称单数形式；结合an individual's health and sleep可知，方框中的动词affects是动词的第三人称单数形式，表示“影响”，符合本句语境。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我认为贪睡可能是一个信号：人们醒来是因为有重要的既定活动，而不是因为他们已经休息充分了。所填词作定语修饰名词activities，要填形容词；结合snoozing might be a sign that people are waking up可知，方框中的形容词scheduled表示“已安排的、预定的”，符合本句语境。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究参与者佩戴了活动追踪器，这让研究者得以观察到：贪睡通常与醒来前最后一小时的浅睡眠以及整夜更高的静息心率相关。所填词作定语修饰名词heart rate，方框中的形容词resting表示“静止的”，构成固定短语resting heart rate，意为“静息心率”，符合本句语境。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这表明，在缩短睡眠时间或白天嗜睡方面，第一个闹钟醒来与随后的闹钟醒来可能并没有太大差别。所填词作定语修饰代词ones，要填形容词；结合原文the first alarm or可知，所填词和the first体现时间上的先后顺序，方框中的形容词subsequent表示“随后的”，符合本句语境。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：我认为最佳答案是‘在某些情形下，贪睡可能比其他选择更好’。句中的it指代前句中的snoozing，所填词作介词than的宾语，要填名词；结合I think the best answer is可知，方框中的名词alternatives表示“可供选择的事物”，符合本句语境。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我把贪睡看作睡眠不足时一种可能的应对机制。所填词作定语修饰名词mechanism，方框中的动名词coping表示“应对”，符合本句语境。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The number of the best How big should a business team be? It is an enormously important issue for companies. Teams that are too small may ____21____ the skills required to get the job done; teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate. Similar trade-offs may apply when it comes to firms as a whole. Start-ups are often short of staff. The founders must play a host of different ____22____, from obtaining finance to product development and marketing, for which they may not be equally suited. But the ____23____ is that they can have highly collaborative working environments. People who have worked for start-ups say the culture changes when the company reaches a certain ____24____. Patty McCord, formerly of Netflix, referred to the “stand-on-a-chair number”—the biggest group that can easily hear the boss ____25____ them. Robin Dunbar, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Oxford University, has done a lot of work on primate groups. His argument is that the size of the group is linked to the size of the brain. With their large brains, humans can cope with larger bands. A larger social group has many advantages, ____26____ greater protection and specialisation. Whereas 150 is sometimes referred to as the “Dunbar number”, the academic himself in fact refers to a range of ____27____. He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends, 15 or so good friends, around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances. Running a larger network can be difficult. So much time is needed to maintain relationships that their quality inevitably ____28____. The armed forces have spent millennia experimenting with unit size. A Roman centurion (百人队长) oversaw 100. The modern American army company has 180 members. Britain’s equivalent numbers 120. These are rough estimates, rather than rigid figures. But it is striking that many group activities seem to be ____29____ a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has four-man patrols; when your life depends on it, you need to have absolute ______30______ in your colleagues. As a result, such groups are limited in size. Sports-team sizes ______31______ the playing area. There are five players in a basketball side and six in ice hockey; outdoors there are 11 players in football and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the various forms of rugby. Perhaps this is the optimal size for coaching purposes, or perhaps crowds would ______32______ to distinguish individual players if teams were larger. Small work teams may also tend towards these two size ranges. “If you want a committee to ______33______ something, limit it to four to five people,” says Mr Dunbar. “But to brainstorm in a meeting, you need 12-15.” Many companies use “agile” teams which draw employees from across the company; they tend to have between five and nine members. The modern company may settle on a ______34______ with a small group of “core” workers and a larger group of contract workers. The result may be more ______35______ within the core staff but the non-core staff may be less well treated. The small core teams may work effectively. The big question will be the effect on morale of those outside those teams. 21. A. demand B. lack C. cultivate D. sharpen 22. A. roles B. games C. cards D. missions 23. A. truth B. point C. upside D. goal 24. A. height B. level C. size D. degree 25. A. phone B. contact C. criticize D. address 26. A. calling for B. allowing for C. hoping for D. paying for 27. A. records B. networks C. circles D. figures 28. A. suffers B. thrives C. denied D. functions 29. A. similar with B. close to C. interested in D. equal to 30. A. trust B. will C. right D. advance 31. A. result in B. relate to C. arise from D. contribute to 32. A. rush B. compete C. struggle D. refuse 33. A. discuss B. decide C. judge D. facilitate 34. A. shape B. scale C. level D. construction 35. A. agreement B. innovation C. influence D. cohesion 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述的是一个团队和组织的最佳规模数字是多少。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队太小可能缺乏完成工作所需的技能；团队太大则可能难以协调。A. demand要求；B. lack缺少；C. cultivate培养；D. sharpen变锋利。根据下文中的“ teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate.”以及常识可知，此处为团队小造成的结果是“缺少”工作需要的技能。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：创始人必须扮演许多不同的角色，从融资到产品开发和营销，他们可能并不同样适合这些角色。A. roles角色，作用；B. games比赛；C. cards卡片；D. missions任务。根据下文中的“from obtaining finance to product development and marketing”可知，此处指的是创始人所承担的“角色”很多。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但好处是他们可以拥有高度协作的工作环境。A. truth真相，事实；B. point点；C. upside优势，好的一面；D. goal目标。根据下文中的表语从句“that they can have highly collaborative working environments.”可知，此处指的是员工少的“好处，优势”。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在初创公司工作过的人说，当公司达到一定规模时，文化就会发生变化。A. height高度；B. level水平；C. size尺寸；D. degree程度。根据上文中的“People who have worked for start-ups say the culture changes”以及本文的主题可知，此处指的是公司达到一定“规模”后，文化会随着变化。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前网飞公司的Patty McCord提到了“站在椅子上的人数”——能轻易听到老板对他们讲话的最大群体。A. phone给……打电话B. contact联系；C. criticize批评；D. address向……讲话，演讲。根据上文中的“the biggest group that can easily hear the boss”可知，能听到的应该指的是老板“向他们讲话”。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一个更大的社会群体有很多优势，可以得到更大的保护和专业化。A. calling for要求；B. allowing for 考虑到；C. hoping for希望；D. paying for赔偿，为……付钱。根据上文中的“A larger social group has many advantages”可知，此处解释这些优势所指的内容，所以此处为“考虑到”符合语境。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管150有时被称为“邓巴数字”，但实际上，这位学者自己指的是一系列数字。A. records记录；B. networks网络；C. circles圆形；D. figures数字。根据下文中“He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends, 15 or so good friends, around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances.”所涉及到的数字可知，此处指的是一系列的“数字”。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：维持关系需要太多的时间，以至于关系的质量不可避免地受到影响。A. suffers遭受；B. thrives兴旺；C. denied否决；D. functions运转。根据上文中的“So much time is needed to maintain relationships”可知，把时间都用到维系关系方面，势必质量会“受损”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：但令人惊讶的是，许多团体活动似乎接近邓巴数字。A. similar with与……相似；B. close to接近……；C. interested in对……感兴趣；D. equal to等同于。根据下文中的“The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has four-man patrols”可知，此处指的是团队的人数“很接近”邓巴数字。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国精锐战斗部队特种空勤团(Special Air Service)有四人巡逻；当成员的生命取决于它时，你需要对你的同事有绝对的信任。A. trust信任；B. will意愿；C. right权利；D. advance前进。根据上文中的“when your life depends on it”可知，当成员的生命取决于团队时，需要的就是成员间的“信任”。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：运动队的规模与比赛场地有关。A. result in导致；B. relate to涉及，有关；C. arise from由……引起；D. contribute to有助于。根据下文中的“here are five players in a basketball side and six in ice hockey; outdoors there are 11 players in football and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the various forms of rugby.”可知，运动的规模“与场地有关”。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许对于教练来说，这是最理想的规模，或者如果球队规模更大，观众就很难区分单个球员。A. rush冲，催促；B. compete竞争；C. struggle挣扎，努力；D. refuse拒绝。根据下文中的“to distinguish individual players if teams were larger.”可知，团队太大，观众就很难分辨球员，所以此处应为struggle意为“很难进行”符合语境。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：邓巴先生说:“如果你想让一个委员会来决定某件事，那就限制在4到5人之内。”A. discuss讨论；B. decide决定；C. judge判断；D. facilitate促进。根据下文中的“But to brainstorm in a meeting, you need 12-15.”可知，让大家讨论的话，就多一点人参与，与此处的限制4到5人对应，结合语境可知，此处指的是“做决定”时，人数要少一些。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代公司的组建可能会采取这样一种模型，即一小部分“核心”员工加上大部分的合同工。A. shape形状；B. scale规模；C. level水平；D. construction构建，结构。根据下文中的“with a small group of “core” workers and a larger group of contract workers.”可知，此处指的是现代公司的“构成模式”。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其结果可能是核心员工更有凝聚力，但非核心员工可能得不到良好的待遇。A. agreement同意，协议；B. innovation改革；C. influence影响；D. cohesion凝聚力。根据下文“but the non-core staff may be less well treated”中的but可知，此处指的是这种组成模式的优点，所以“凝聚力”符合语境。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) All I had to do for the two dollars was clean Her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in Her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the Second World War, She had butter, sugar and steaks. Part of my pride in working for Her was earning money I could spend freely: on movies, candy, ice cream…But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things — an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was great. I had a status that doing housework at home did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adult-like, not childlike. Little by little, I got better at cleaning Her house — good enough to be given more to do, much more for a little girl. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid She would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the status I had at home. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few complaints about the job. Although he listened carefully, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen.You don’t live there. You live here. You make the job. It doesn’t make you.” I have worked for all sorts of people since then, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to the measure of myself, and I have never placed the value of a job above the value of home. 36. In paragraph 1, the author mentioned what was in Her house in order to_______. A. illustrate a common lifestyle at the time B. stress Her life was not similar to hers C. demonstrate her pride in working for Her D. reveal the cleaning job was not easy for her 37. What was the author most proud of with the cleaning job? A. Being able to buy things without asking her parents. B. Helping her mother out by doing housework. C. Making contributions to the family income. D. Getting smiles and approving nods from Her. 38. The author complained to her father because_______. A. she hoped that he could negotiate with Her B. she didn’t know how to escape from the job C. she hoped that he could help solve her problem D. she didn’t know how to keep her status at home 39. From his childhood experience, the author has learned that _______. A. she should try various jobs to widen her horizons B. she should never ignore the freedom her earnings give her C. she should consider who she’ll work for while hunting for a job D. she should never judge herself by the work she does 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候为了两美元帮别人打扫房子的故事，以及这份工作带给她的感受、骄傲以及从父亲那里学到的道理。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“All I had to do for the two dollars was clean Her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in Her neighborhood, absent in mine. (为了这两美元，我所要做的就是在放学后打扫她的房子几个小时。这是一所漂亮的房子，有塑料面沙发和椅子，蓝白色的地毯，白色的炉子，洗衣机和烘干机——这些东西在她的社区很常见，在我的社区却没有。)”可知作者将女雇主家的物品与自己社区的物品进行对比，从而强调女雇主的生活与作者的生活不同。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Part of my pride in working for Her was earning money I could spend freely: on movies, candy, ice cream…But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things — an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was great. (我为她工作感到骄傲的部分原因是我赚的钱可以自由支配：买电影、糖果、冰淇淋……但我更大的骄傲是我把一半的工资给了我母亲，这意味着我的一些收入被用在了真正的东西上——买了保险，或者欠了送奶工或卖冰工的钱。成为父母不可或缺的人的快乐是巨大的。)”可知作者将工资的一半给了母亲，意味着她为家庭收入做出了贡献。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few complaints about the job. Although he listened carefully, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. (后来有一天，我和父亲单独在厨房里，对这份工作抱怨了几句。虽然他听得很认真，但我从他的眼睛里看不到同情。也许他明白我想要的是解决工作问题，而不是逃避工作。)”可知作者向她父亲抱怨，是希望父亲能帮助她解决这份工作的问题，而不是逃避这份工作。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I have worked for all sorts of people since then, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to the measure of myself, and I have never placed the value of a job above the value of home. (从那时起，我为各种各样的人工作过，机智的和迟钝的，心胸开阔的和狭隘的。我做过各种各样的工作，但自从和父亲的那次谈话之后，我就不再用劳动的水平来衡量我自己，也不再把工作的价值置于家庭的价值之上。)”可知，从和父亲的那次谈话后，作者不再把劳动的层次作为衡量自己的标准，故推断从童年的经历中，作者学到不应该通过自己所做的工作来评判自己。故选D。 (B) WHAT’S ON IN WINTER Winter is here but shorter days don’t mean less to do. The Great Outdoors Sundays, June and July ORIENTEERING Where: various bush and farm locations Orienteering is an outdoor activity that combines adventure and sport with navigational skills through the wild bush. Take a hike or mountain-bike ride through a set course in a different bush or farm location on each excursion with guidance from a compass and a map. Each course is about an hour’s drive of the CBD. This is a fun, easy and relatively relaxing way to enhance fitness for the whole family, ages 7-70. To learn more about orienteering or sign up for a course, visit wa.orienteering.asn.au or call 9215 0700. Mountain Designs 4 July ADVENTURE RACE AUSTRALIA Where: bush camp and forest retreat Adventure Race Australia heightens the thrill of adventure racing, combining biking, running, trekking, kayaking, rock climbing and other adventure sports to test physical strength, endurance and willpower. The race caters only to seasoned racers. To get involved, go to adventureaustralia.com.au. Film Frenzy 21 June & 19 July MEMORABLE MOVIES IN MIDLAND Where : Town Hall Take a trip down memory lane at the Memorable Movies gathering, held monthly. This June the memorable movie is Roman Holiday, the 1953 classic starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn. Then in July there is a school holiday special presentation of The World’s Fastest Indian, a true-life story of motorcycle enthusiast and world-record breaker Burt Munro, starring Anthony Hopkins. Music Magic 29 to 30 July A TRIBUTE TO LOUIS ARMSTRONG Where: Concert Hall Louis Armstrong revolutionized American jazz and dominated the scene for more than 60 years. He defines the jazz style and is a legendary figure in music history. Conductor Benjamin Northey will accompany trumpeter James Morrison to pay tribute to the famous musician by playing some of his most well-known and beloved hits. Go to waso.com.au for more details. 40. The underlined word “course” in The Great Outdoors is closest in meaning to ________. A. lesson B. route C. direction D. treatment 41. Which activity is most physically demanding? A. The Great Outdoors B. Mountain Designs C. Film Frenzy D. Music Magic 42. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The location of Orienteering is far away from the city center. B. Adventure Race Australia is suitable for racers of all different levels. C. Burt Munro is the leading actor in the movie The World’s Fastest Indian. D. Benjamin Northey will play his most famous songs in the Concert Hall. 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了当地冬季四项活动，包括定向越野、探险赛事、怀旧电影展和致敬路易斯・阿姆斯特朗的爵士音乐会，说明了时间、地点和活动信息。 【40题详解】 词义猜测题。根据The Great Outdoors 部分“Take a hike or mountain-bike ride through a set course in a different bush or farm location on each excursion with guidance from a compass and a map.(每次出行，借助指南针和地图，在不同丛林或农场地点沿着一条设定好的路线徒步或骑山地自行车)”可推断“course”在此处意为“路线，赛道”，与route意思最接近。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Mountain Designs部分“Adventure Race Australia heightens the thrill of adventure racing, combining biking, running, trekking, kayaking, rock climbing and other adventure sports to test physical strength, endurance and willpower.(澳大利亚探险赛提升探险竞速的刺激感，结合骑行、跑步、徒步、皮划艇、攀岩以及其他探险运动，考验体力、耐力与意志力)”以及“The race caters only to seasoned racers.(这项赛事只面向经验丰富的参赛者)”可知，Mountain Designs 这项活动对体能要求最高。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据 The Great Outdoors 部分“Each course is about an hour’s drive of the CBD.(每条路线距离中央商务区/市中心大约一小时车程)”可知，定向越野的地点距离市中心较远，表述正确。 (C) Most managers can identify the major trends of the day. But in the course of conducting research in a number of industries and working directly with companies, we have discovered that managers often fail to recognize the less obvious but profound ways these trends are influencing consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors. This is especially true of trends that managers view as peripheral to their core markets. Experts from Harvard Business School give some advice to managers. One strategy, known as ‘infuse and augment’, is to design a product or service that keeps most of the attributes and functions of existing products in the category but adds others that address the needs and desires unleashed by a major trend. A case in point is the Poppy range of handbags, which the firm Coach created in response to the economic downturn of 2008. The Coach brand had been a symbol of wealth and luxury for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to lower prices. However, that would have risked cheapening the brand’s image. Instead, they initiated a consumer-research project which revealed that customers were eager to lift themselves and the country out of tough times. Using these insights, Coach launched the lower-priced Poppy handbags, which were in bright colors, and looked more youthful and playful than conventional Coach products. Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avoid an across-the-board price cut. In contrast to the many companies that responded to the recession by cutting prices, Coach saw the new consumer mindset as an opportunity for innovation and renewal. A more radical strategy is ‘combine and transcend’. This involves combining aspects of the product’s existing value proposition with attributes addressing changes arising from a trend, to create a novel experience - one that may land the company in an entirely new market space. At first glance, spending resources to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings sounds like it’s hardly worthwhile. But consider Nike’s move to integrate the digital revolution into its reputation for high-performance athletic footwear. In 2006, they teamed up with technology company Apple to launch Nike+, a digital sports kit comprising a sensor that attaches to the running shoe and a wireless receiver that connects to the user’s iPod. By combining Nike’s original value proposition for amateur athletes with one for digital consumers, the Nike+ sports kit and web interface moved the company from a focus on athletic apparel to a new plane of engagement with its customers. Once you have gained perspective on how trend-related changes in consumer opinions and behaviors impact on your category, you can determine which of our innovation strategies to pursue. Trends -- technological, economic, environmental, social, or political — that affect how people perceive the world around them and shape what they expect from products and services present firms with unique opportunities for growth. 43. The underlined word “peripheral” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________. A. marginal B. important C. subject D. relevant 44. According to the second paragraph, Coach was anxious to ________. A. follow what some of its competitors were doing B. maintain its prices throughout its range C. safeguard its reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods D. modify the entire look of its brand to suit the economic climate 45. What does the writer suggest about Nike’s strategy? A. It was an extremely risky strategy at the time. B. it was a strategy that only a major company could afford to follow. C. It was the type of strategy that would not have been possible in the past. D. It was the kind of strategy that might appear to have few obvious benefits. 46. The best title for the passage is probably ______. A. Knowing more about your customers B. Making the most of trends C. Eyes on strategies D. Following the advice 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是哈佛商学院的专家给管理者们提出的利用趋势的两种策略。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“we have discovered that managers often fail to recognize the less obvious but profound ways these trends are influencing consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors(我们发现，管理者往往没有意识到这些趋势对消费者的愿望、态度和行为产生的不那么明显但深刻的影响)”可知，有些趋势已经被边缘化，划线词所在句子的意思是“对于那些被基金经理视为核心市场边缘的趋势来说，尤其如此”。由此可知，划线词peripheral的意思是“边缘的”，和marginal意思相近，故选A。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“The Coach brand had been a symbol of wealth and luxury for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to lower prices. However, that would have risked cheapening the brand’s image. Instead, they initiated a consumer-research project which revealed that customers were eager to lift themselves and the country out of tough times.(近70年来，蔻驰品牌一直是财富和奢侈的象征，对经济衰退最明显的反应应该是降价。然而，这可能会降低该品牌的形象。相反，他们发起了一个消费者研究项目，该项目显示，消费者渴望让自己和国家走出困境)”可知，Coach急于维护其作为奢侈品制造商的声誉。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“At first glance, spending resources to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings sounds like it’s hardly worthwhile.(乍一看，花费资源将看似无关的趋势元素整合到自己的核心产品中，听起来几乎不值得)”可知，关于耐克的策略，作者暗示的是这种策略似乎没有什么明显的好处。故选D。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Once you have gained perspective on how trend-related changes in consumer opinions and behaviors impact on your category, you can determine which of our innovation strategies to pursue. Trends -- technological, economic, environmental, social, or political -- that affect how people perceive the world around them and shape what they expect from products and services present firms with unique opportunities for growth.(一旦你了解了消费者观点和行为的趋势变化对你的产品类别的影响，你就可以决定我们应该采取哪些创新策略。技术、经济、环境、社会或政治等趋势影响着人们对周围世界的认知，塑造了人们对产品和服务的期望，为企业提供了独特的增长机会)”可知，本文主要讲的是哈佛商学院的专家给管理者们提出的利用趋势的两种策略，因此最好的题目是B选项“Making the most of trends(充分利用趋势)”。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Mud Boosts Your Immune System Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing. But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too. ____47____ Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. ____48____ According to recent research, the dirt outside is teeming with friendly microorganisms. They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies, asthma and even depression and anxiety. Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces. This means natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. ____49____ For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. ____50____ The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and secrets may be alive and wriggling (蠕动) around in the mud itself. A. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. B. What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. C. Besides the restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experience. D. However, these behaviors allow children to gradually understand their bodily signals. E. A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity. F. Those who grow up on farms are less likely to develop auto-immune disorders thanks, apparently, to their childhood exposure to a more diverse range of organisms. 【答案】47. A 48. B 49. C 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了泥土可以增强孩子免疫系统，阐述了在泥土中玩耍给孩子带来免疫、心理、感知、身体等多方面益处。 【47题详解】 下文“Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over. (不管是在农田里奔跑、爬树还是抓蝌蚪，一天结束前孩子的白衣服总会不可避免地变脏。)”描写从前孩子在外玩得满身泥土的画面。A选项“‘Don’t get dirty!’ was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. (“别弄脏了！”曾经是家里常说的警告，家长无奈看着孩子弄脏最好的衣服。)”描述过去家长对孩子弄脏衣物的态度，引出下文场景。 【48题详解】 上段“For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. (对很多孩子来说，根本没有机会去玩得满身泥土。)”点明如今孩子缺少接触泥土的机会。下文“According to recent research, the dirt outside is teeming with friendly microorganisms. They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies, asthma and even depression and anxiety. (近期研究表明，户外泥土里有大量有益微生物。它们可以训练免疫系统，增强对多种疾病的抵抗力，包括过敏、哮喘，甚至抑郁和焦虑。)”介绍泥土中的微生物对免疫系统的积极作用。B选项“What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. (洗衣开支是省下来了，损失的却是孩子的健康。)”承接上文当下孩子少有机会接触泥土的现状，引出下文泥土对健康有益的研究。 【49题详解】 上文“Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established...This means natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. (户外玩耍的诸多心理益处早已得到证实……这意味着自然场景可以提供适度刺激，有助疲惫、容易分心的大脑恢复活力。)”介绍户外玩耍对大脑的修复作用。下文“For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development.(例如，揉捏泥土、沙子这类材料的行为，可以帮助儿童发展感官与动作相互配合的方式，这被称为感觉运动发展)”讲述玩泥土有助于感觉运动的发展。C选项“Besides the restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experience. (除了这种修复效果，户外玩耍还能带来宝贵的学习体验。)”用Besides递进，承接上文的修复作用，引出下文陈述的另一层好处。 【50题详解】 上文“When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. (说到孩子的身体健康，户外玩耍最明显的好处就是运动。)”点明户外玩耍有运动锻炼的作用。E选项“A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity. (孩子在开阔空间更容易增强体能，降低肥胖风险。)”承接运动这一话题。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Problems on the Production of Coffee Beans The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full -sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade -grown production to full -sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full -sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full -sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out. Moreover, the continued spread of full -sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen -giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Besides, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic soil conditions. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full -sun coffee fields also threatens human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee -growing techniques are poisoning the water locally and eventually the world’s groundwater. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade -grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Full - sun production of coffee beans caused damage to some species, even the ecology. First, it destroys the habitats of local species. Moreover, with water poisoned and fewer species for medical research, people’s life is affected. The destruction of the rainforest ecology seems inevitable, accompanied by air pollution, global warming etc. Therefore, consumers are advised to buy shade - grown coffee. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出咖啡豆的全日照生产损害了某些品种及生态。它破坏当地物种栖息地，影响人类生活（水中毒、医学研究物种减少），还破坏雨林生态致空气污染、全球变暖，故建议消费者买阴凉种植的咖啡。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full -sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. ②On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full -sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. Moreover, the continued spread of full -sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. ③On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full -sun coffee fields also threatens human life. ④They can purchase shade -grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Full sun production of coffee beans has caused damage to some varieties and even ecology. In addition, people’s lives are affected due to water poisoning and the reduction of species used for medical research. The destruction of rainforest ecology seems inevitable, accompanied by air pollution, global warming and so on. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The destruction of the rainforest ecology seems inevitable, accompanied by air pollution, global warming etc.（运用了非谓语动词中的过去分词作后置定语修饰The destruction of the rainforest ecology。） [高分句型2]Moreover, with water poisoned and fewer species for medical research, people’s life is affected .（运用了with的介词短语作状语以及被动语态结构。） Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他不小心被工地上的电缆绊倒了。(trip v.) （汉译英） 【答案】He accidentally tripped over a cable/(an electric) wire (and fell) on the construction site. 【解析】 【详解】考查副词、动词及时态。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；“不小心”使用accidentally，“被绊倒”使用trip over，“电缆”使用a cable wire或an electric wire，“工地上”使用on the construction site。被绊倒意味着摔倒，可以使用动词fall。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为He tripped over a cable/(an electric)wire (and fell) on the construction site. 53. 我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)(汉译英) 【答案】I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型及动词短语。句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。“我一直相信”可以使用固定句型，译为I’m always convinced that，“一个人”译为a person，“才能更好地抵御”译为can better fight against，“情绪紊乱”译为emotional disorders，“睡眠充足了”可以使用when引导时间状语从句，译为when he sleeps well/adequately。故翻译为I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately. 54. 善于讲故事的人，会灵活地补充细节或删减无关的信息，以保持观众的兴趣。 (sustain) (汉译英) 【答案】A good storyteller is flexible in adding details or editing out irrelevant information to sustain audience’s interest. 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。表示主语“善于讲故事的人”为a good storyteller，不定冠词加可数名词单数表泛指；主谓一致，表示“会灵活地干某事”为is flexible in doing sth；动名词作介词宾语，表示“补充细节或删减无关的信息”为adding details or editing out irrelevant information，由or连接动名词短语；表示“以保持观众的兴趣”为动词不定式短语to sustain audience’s interest，作目的状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为A good storyteller is flexible in adding details or editing out irrelevant information to sustain audience’s interest. 55. 我们谈到志愿者时，常有的疑问是到底是什么促使他们乐于为人服务，不求回报。(it) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 When we talk about volunteers, a common question is what it is that motivates them to be willing to serve others without asking for anything in return. 【解析】 【详解】本句描述一般性情况，时态用一般现在时；表示“当我们谈到志愿者时”用时间状语从句When we talk about volunteers；表示“常有的疑问”短语a common question，作主句主语；表示“是”用is；后跟表语从句，表示“到底是什么”用强调句型what it is that...；表示“促使某人做某事”短语为motivate sb. to do sth.，被强调部分是what(指代事物，视作单数)，谓语用motivates；表示“乐于为人服务，不求回报”用be willing to serve others without asking for anything in return，其中动词serve意为“服务”，动名词短语asking...作介词without的宾语，固定短语in return意为“作为回报”。 Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校正筹划一年一度的科技节，为了更出彩，有三种特色主题活动供大家选择：“生活中的科学现象展”、“探访上海高科技园区”、“知名理工专家进课堂”。 请写一封信给学校，选择你推荐的活动，信的内容必须包括： ①你推荐的活动； ②你推荐此活动的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案： Dear School Leaders, I am writing to recommend an activity for our upcoming annual Science and Technology Festival. Among the three options, I strongly suggest the “Visit to Shanghai High-Tech Park”. My recommendation is based on the following reasons. First, compared with traditional classroom learning, visiting a high-tech park offers us a precious opportunity to step out of the ivory tower and experience cutting-edge technologies firsthand. We can witness how scientific theories are applied in real-world industries. Second, this activity will undoubtedly broaden our horizons and spark our passion for science and innovation. By communicating with engineers and researchers there, students may get inspired to pursue careers in STEM fields. I firmly believe that this trip will make our festival more rewarding. I hope you will take my suggestion into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给校领导写一封建议信，为学校科技节从三项活动中推荐一项，并说明推荐理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming → forthcoming/approaching 前沿的：cutting-edge → advanced/state-of-the-art 拓宽：broaden → expand 热情：passion → enthusiasm 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Second, this activity will undoubtedly broaden our horizons and spark our passion for science and innovation. 拓展句：Second, this activity, which will undoubtedly broaden our horizons, can spark our passion for science and innovation. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, compared with traditional classroom learning, visiting a high-tech park offers us a precious opportunity to step out of the ivory tower and experience cutting-edge technologies firsthand. (运用了过去分词短语compared...作状语和动名词短语visiting...作主语) 【高分句型2】We can witness how scientific theories are applied in real-world industries. (运用了how引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三年级10月份阶段质量检测 英语试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 满分：140分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Home. B. The hospital. C. The cafeteria. D. The restaurant. 2. A. Two passengers on the bus. B. Policeman and driver. C. Hotel receptionist and traveler. D. Passenger and taxi driver. 3. A. $10. B. $15. C. $20. D. $25. 4. A. Lock the door carefully. B. Open the door. C. Fix the door himself. D. Call a repairman. 5. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy. B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person. C. The man is meeting the woman instead of Mr. Brown. D. The man feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come. 6. A. Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech. B. Alice needs more training in making public speeches. C. The man could hardly understand Alice’s presentation. D. The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation. 7. A. The new dress is for warm weather. B. The new dress makes her look cool. C. She doesn’t like cold weather at all. D. She bought the dress when it was warm. 8. A. She thinks it is a serious problem. B. She hates working in McDonald’s. C. She opposes building a McDonald’s. D. She longs to enjoy McDonald’s food. 9. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D. Sensitive. 10. A. They will hold a furniture display. B. They will hold a lecture tonight. C. They are short of chairs for the audience. D. They haven’t prepared the lecture well. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Engine trouble. B. Poor weather. C. Tall waterfalls. D. A tight budget. 12. A. Amazing as well as tough. B. Funny while incredible. C. Disappointing but rewarding. D. Fascinating and well-paid. 13. A. A mechanic. B. A photographer. C. A travel writer. D. A weather man. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report. 14. A. Hangzhou held four United Nations World Data Forums. B. The Agenda for Sustainable Development will be conducted in 2030. C. A new philosophy includes innovation, coordination and openness. D. Sustainable development leads to prosperity of data sharing. 15. A. Many countries have been invited. B. It has been held in China before. C. Its slogan is innovation, coordinated and green. D. The forum is organized by the government of Zhejiang Province. 16. A. To build a win-win international cooperation. B. To improve digital infrastructure. C. To strengthen data and statistical capacity building. D. To draft the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. To demand the date of the goods’ delivery. B. To get goods insurance. C. To make sure whether the goods will be delivered on time. D. To inquire about the position of the man. 18. A. The man forgot the deadline. B. The man has gone through some technical problems. C. The man had not done his best. D. There were some serious problems with the goods. 19. A. The woman will cancel half the order. B. The woman will end the contract with the man. C. The man will face some technical problems. D. The man will have to pay a great penalty. 20. A. Worried. B. Grateful. C. Guilty. D. Relived. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 9:00 A. M., Saturday, November 14 The moment Fatima Bennett had dreamed of was finally here. Therefore, she couldn’t be ___1___(happy). The 4C Challenge (also known as the Clark County Coding Competition) was the event of the year ___2___target participants were STEM-minded eighth graders like Fatima and her two best friends, Julia Sheen and Felipe Alvarez. Their classmates were busy posting pictures on social media of their glorious summer vacations while the three best friends, who called ___3___Team Java Time, had spent countless hours storyboarding, coding, and adjusting their program. Their app, Romeo and Juliet Remixed, turned the famous play into a multiplayer adventure that retold the story,___4___(integrate) Shakespeare’s language with the rhymes of songs. The completed app was due by September 1, and the teens had worked hard to get it done.___5___at any point they lost momentum (动力), they were pushed by weekly texts from Neil Green, who had taken over the competition coordination (协调) this year. On the day when their app ___6___ (submit) to the competition’s submission website, Fatima said, “A prize would be great, but we all know the very best reward.” The teens shouted, “K-J-H-S!” Fatima, Julia, and Felipe were excited to show off their digital skills in front of the other teams of eighth graders, but they were most interested in the reward ___7___(give) to the top three teams: guaranteed admission to Katherine Johnson High School, the county’s STEM magnet school. Felipe, Fatima, and Julia, friends since kindergarten,___8___barely contain their excitement. Their dream of going to KJHS together was ___9___their reach! That was ____10____Fatima didn’t mind getting out of bed at 8 A.M. on this cold November Saturday to spend the day at Clarksville University, the site of the annual competition. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. resting B. commonly C. intervals D. scheduled E. consequently F. desired G. needing H. coping I. affects J. subsequent K. alternatives Why People Snooze Their Alarm Getting up early in the morning is no easy task for plenty of people. That’s why alarms are important — they ensure that you wake up at your ____11____ time in the morning. However, nobody can deny how tempting it is to try and squeeze in a few more minutes of sleep. About 57 percent of people snooze in the morning, which is defined as ____12____ multiple alarms to wake up. If you set a single alarm and snooze it repeatedly or set several alarms at regular ____13____ until the time you absolutely need to get up, you are a snoozer. Waking up on the first alarm is ____14____ recommended, but does it really make a difference if you are woken up by one alarm compared to several ones? In a recent Sleep study, researchers examine how snoozing ____15____ an individual’s health and sleep. According to the study, people snooze for a variety of reasons. Most of the participants said that they just can’t get up with only the first alarm. Some say they snooze because they feel comfortable in bed, while others do it because they feel less tired when they do get up. “I think snoozing might be a sign that people are waking up because of important ____16____ activities rather than because they have adequately rested,” says Stephen M. Mattingly, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Notre Dame who was involved in the study. The participants wore an activity tracker for the study, which allowed the authors to observe that snoozing is generally associated with lighter sleep in the last hour before waking up and a higher ____17____ heart rate across the night. The study found that snoozing isn’t necessarily associated with decreased sleep duration, increased sleepiness or more naps. This suggests that there might not be much of a difference between waking up on the first alarm or the ____18____ ones when it comes to shorter sleep duration or daytime sleepiness. What might matter more is whether you are sleep-deprived in the first place or not. “I don’t like to think of snoozing in terms of ‘bad’ or ‘good.’” says Mattingly. “I think the best answer is ‘there may be situations where it’s better than ____19____.’ I see snoozing as a possible ____20____ mechanism for not sleeping enough. Thus, ‘good’ is sleeping as much as your body needs.” Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The number of the best How big should a business team be? It is an enormously important issue for companies. Teams that are too small may ____21____ the skills required to get the job done; teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate. Similar trade-offs may apply when it comes to firms as a whole. Start-ups are often short of staff. The founders must play a host of different ____22____, from obtaining finance to product development and marketing, for which they may not be equally suited. But the ____23____ is that they can have highly collaborative working environments. People who have worked for start-ups say the culture changes when the company reaches a certain ____24____. Patty McCord, formerly of Netflix, referred to the “stand-on-a-chair number”—the biggest group that can easily hear the boss ____25____ them. Robin Dunbar, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Oxford University, has done a lot of work on primate groups. His argument is that the size of the group is linked to the size of the brain. With their large brains, humans can cope with larger bands. A larger social group has many advantages, ____26____ greater protection and specialisation. Whereas 150 is sometimes referred to as the “Dunbar number”, the academic himself in fact refers to a range of ____27____. He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends, 15 or so good friends, around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances. Running a larger network can be difficult. So much time is needed to maintain relationships that their quality inevitably ____28____. The armed forces have spent millennia experimenting with unit size. A Roman centurion (百人队长) oversaw 100. The modern American army company has 180 members. Britain’s equivalent numbers 120. These are rough estimates, rather than rigid figures. But it is striking that many group activities seem to be ____29____ a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has four-man patrols; when your life depends on it, you need to have absolute ______30______ in your colleagues. As a result, such groups are limited in size. Sports-team sizes ______31______ the playing area. There are five players in a basketball side and six in ice hockey; outdoors there are 11 players in football and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the various forms of rugby. Perhaps this is the optimal size for coaching purposes, or perhaps crowds would ______32______ to distinguish individual players if teams were larger. Small work teams may also tend towards these two size ranges. “If you want a committee to ______33______ something, limit it to four to five people,” says Mr Dunbar. “But to brainstorm in a meeting, you need 12-15.” Many companies use “agile” teams which draw employees from across the company; they tend to have between five and nine members. The modern company may settle on a ______34______ with a small group of “core” workers and a larger group of contract workers. The result may be more ______35______ within the core staff but the non-core staff may be less well treated. The small core teams may work effectively. The big question will be the effect on morale of those outside those teams. 21. A. demand B. lack C. cultivate D. sharpen 22. A. roles B. games C. cards D. missions 23. A. truth B. point C. upside D. goal 24. A. height B. level C. size D. degree 25. A. phone B. contact C. criticize D. address 26. A. calling for B. allowing for C. hoping for D. paying for 27. A. records B. networks C. circles D. figures 28. A. suffers B. thrives C. denied D. functions 29. A. similar with B. close to C. interested in D. equal to 30. A. trust B. will C. right D. advance 31. A. result in B. relate to C. arise from D. contribute to 32. A. rush B. compete C. struggle D. refuse 33. A. discuss B. decide C. judge D. facilitate 34. A. shape B. scale C. level D. construction 35. A. agreement B. innovation C. influence D. cohesion Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) All I had to do for the two dollars was clean Her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in Her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the Second World War, She had butter, sugar and steaks. Part of my pride in working for Her was earning money I could spend freely: on movies, candy, ice cream…But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things — an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was great. I had a status that doing housework at home did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adult-like, not childlike. Little by little, I got better at cleaning Her house — good enough to be given more to do, much more for a little girl. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid She would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the status I had at home. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few complaints about the job. Although he listened carefully, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen.You don’t live there. You live here. You make the job. It doesn’t make you.” I have worked for all sorts of people since then, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to the measure of myself, and I have never placed the value of a job above the value of home. 36. In paragraph 1, the author mentioned what was in Her house in order to_______. A. illustrate a common lifestyle at the time B. stress Her life was not similar to hers C. demonstrate her pride in working for Her D. reveal the cleaning job was not easy for her 37. What was the author most proud of with the cleaning job? A. Being able to buy things without asking her parents. B. Helping her mother out by doing housework. C. Making contributions to the family income. D. Getting smiles and approving nods from Her. 38. The author complained to her father because_______. A. she hoped that he could negotiate with Her B. she didn’t know how to escape from the job C. she hoped that he could help solve her problem D. she didn’t know how to keep her status at home 39. From his childhood experience, the author has learned that _______. A. she should try various jobs to widen her horizons B. she should never ignore the freedom her earnings give her C. she should consider who she’ll work for while hunting for a job D. she should never judge herself by the work she does (B) WHAT’S ON IN WINTER Winter is here but shorter days don’t mean less to do. The Great Outdoors Sundays, June and July ORIENTEERING Where: various bush and farm locations Orienteering is an outdoor activity that combines adventure and sport with navigational skills through the wild bush. Take a hike or mountain-bike ride through a set course in a different bush or farm location on each excursion with guidance from a compass and a map. Each course is about an hour’s drive of the CBD. This is a fun, easy and relatively relaxing way to enhance fitness for the whole family, ages 7-70. To learn more about orienteering or sign up for a course, visit wa.orienteering.asn.au or call 9215 0700. Mountain Designs 4 July ADVENTURE RACE AUSTRALIA Where: bush camp and forest retreat Adventure Race Australia heightens the thrill of adventure racing, combining biking, running, trekking, kayaking, rock climbing and other adventure sports to test physical strength, endurance and willpower. The race caters only to seasoned racers. To get involved, go to adventureaustralia.com.au. Film Frenzy 21 June & 19 July MEMORABLE MOVIES IN MIDLAND Where : Town Hall Take a trip down memory lane at the Memorable Movies gathering, held monthly. This June the memorable movie is Roman Holiday, the 1953 classic starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn. Then in July there is a school holiday special presentation of The World’s Fastest Indian, a true-life story of motorcycle enthusiast and world-record breaker Burt Munro, starring Anthony Hopkins. Music Magic 29 to 30 July A TRIBUTE TO LOUIS ARMSTRONG Where: Concert Hall Louis Armstrong revolutionized American jazz and dominated the scene for more than 60 years. He defines the jazz style and is a legendary figure in music history. Conductor Benjamin Northey will accompany trumpeter James Morrison to pay tribute to the famous musician by playing some of his most well-known and beloved hits. Go to waso.com.au for more details. 40. The underlined word “course” in The Great Outdoors is closest in meaning to ________. A. lesson B. route C. direction D. treatment 41. Which activity is most physically demanding? A. The Great Outdoors B. Mountain Designs C. Film Frenzy D. Music Magic 42. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The location of Orienteering is far away from the city center. B. Adventure Race Australia is suitable for racers of all different levels. C. Burt Munro is the leading actor in the movie The World’s Fastest Indian. D. Benjamin Northey will play his most famous songs in the Concert Hall. (C) Most managers can identify the major trends of the day. But in the course of conducting research in a number of industries and working directly with companies, we have discovered that managers often fail to recognize the less obvious but profound ways these trends are influencing consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors. This is especially true of trends that managers view as peripheral to their core markets. Experts from Harvard Business School give some advice to managers. One strategy, known as ‘infuse and augment’, is to design a product or service that keeps most of the attributes and functions of existing products in the category but adds others that address the needs and desires unleashed by a major trend. A case in point is the Poppy range of handbags, which the firm Coach created in response to the economic downturn of 2008. The Coach brand had been a symbol of wealth and luxury for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to lower prices. However, that would have risked cheapening the brand’s image. Instead, they initiated a consumer-research project which revealed that customers were eager to lift themselves and the country out of tough times. Using these insights, Coach launched the lower-priced Poppy handbags, which were in bright colors, and looked more youthful and playful than conventional Coach products. Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avoid an across-the-board price cut. In contrast to the many companies that responded to the recession by cutting prices, Coach saw the new consumer mindset as an opportunity for innovation and renewal. A more radical strategy is ‘combine and transcend’. This involves combining aspects of the product’s existing value proposition with attributes addressing changes arising from a trend, to create a novel experience - one that may land the company in an entirely new market space. At first glance, spending resources to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings sounds like it’s hardly worthwhile. But consider Nike’s move to integrate the digital revolution into its reputation for high-performance athletic footwear. In 2006, they teamed up with technology company Apple to launch Nike+, a digital sports kit comprising a sensor that attaches to the running shoe and a wireless receiver that connects to the user’s iPod. By combining Nike’s original value proposition for amateur athletes with one for digital consumers, the Nike+ sports kit and web interface moved the company from a focus on athletic apparel to a new plane of engagement with its customers. Once you have gained perspective on how trend-related changes in consumer opinions and behaviors impact on your category, you can determine which of our innovation strategies to pursue. Trends -- technological, economic, environmental, social, or political — that affect how people perceive the world around them and shape what they expect from products and services present firms with unique opportunities for growth. 43. The underlined word “peripheral” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________. A. marginal B. important C. subject D. relevant 44. According to the second paragraph, Coach was anxious to ________. A. follow what some of its competitors were doing B. maintain its prices throughout its range C. safeguard its reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods D. modify the entire look of its brand to suit the economic climate 45. What does the writer suggest about Nike’s strategy? A. It was an extremely risky strategy at the time. B. it was a strategy that only a major company could afford to follow. C. It was the type of strategy that would not have been possible in the past. D. It was the kind of strategy that might appear to have few obvious benefits. 46. The best title for the passage is probably ______. A. Knowing more about your customers B. Making the most of trends C. Eyes on strategies D. Following the advice Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Mud Boosts Your Immune System Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing. But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too. ____47____ Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. ____48____ According to recent research, the dirt outside is teeming with friendly microorganisms. They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies, asthma and even depression and anxiety. Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces. This means natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. ____49____ For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. ____50____ The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and secrets may be alive and wriggling (蠕动) around in the mud itself. A. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. B. What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. C. Besides the restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experience. D. However, these behaviors allow children to gradually understand their bodily signals. E. A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity. F. Those who grow up on farms are less likely to develop auto-immune disorders thanks, apparently, to their childhood exposure to a more diverse range of organisms. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Problems on the Production of Coffee Beans The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full -sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade -grown production to full -sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full -sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full -sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out. Moreover, the continued spread of full -sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen -giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Besides, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic soil conditions. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full -sun coffee fields also threatens human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee -growing techniques are poisoning the water locally and eventually the world’s groundwater. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade -grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他不小心被工地上的电缆绊倒了。(trip v.) （汉译英） 53. 我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)(汉译英) 54. 善于讲故事的人，会灵活地补充细节或删减无关的信息，以保持观众的兴趣。 (sustain) (汉译英) 55. 我们谈到志愿者时，常有的疑问是到底是什么促使他们乐于为人服务，不求回报。(it) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校正筹划一年一度的科技节，为了更出彩，有三种特色主题活动供大家选择：“生活中的科学现象展”、“探访上海高科技园区”、“知名理工专家进课堂”。 请写一封信给学校，选择你推荐的活动，信的内容必须包括： ①你推荐的活动； ②你推荐此活动的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $