Unit 4 Exploration（知识清单）英语新教材北师大版九年级下册

Unit 4 Exploration 主 题 词 汇 1. /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 勘探；探究 搭配：space exploration 太空探索；the exploration of ……的探索 例句：Space exploration opens a new world for us.太空探索为我们打开了一个新世界。 拓展：explore v. 探索；explorer n. 探险者 2. /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 未知的 n. 未知的事物 搭配：the unknown 未知事物；an unknown place 未知之地 例句：Many scientists want to discover the unknown in the universe.许多科学家想要探索宇宙中的未知。 3. /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ n. 预料，期待；希望 搭配：beyond expectation 出乎意料；meet one’s expectations 达到某人的期待 例句：The result of the space mission was beyond our expectation.这次太空任务的结果出乎我们的预料。 拓展：expect v. 期待 4. /ʃɒkt/ adj. 吃惊的，震惊的 搭配：be shocked at sth 对某事感到震惊 例句：We were shocked at the terrible conditions on the ice.我们对冰面上恶劣的环境感到震惊。 辨析：shocked（人感到震惊）；shocking（事物令人震惊） 5. /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望，沮丧 搭配：to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 例句：To our disappointment, they had to give up the exploration.令我们失望的是，他们不得不放弃这次探险。 拓展：disappoint v. 使失望；disappointed adj. 失望的 6. /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 搭配：scientific research 科学研究；scientific experiment 科学实验 例句：They carried out lots of scientific experiments on the satellite.他们在卫星上开展了大量科学实验。 拓展：science n. 科学；scientist n. 科学家 7. /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 合作；协助 搭配：international cooperation 国际合作；close cooperation 紧密合作 例句：Space projects need good cooperation between countries.太空项目需要各国之间良好的合作。 拓展：cooperate v. 合作 8. /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年 搭配：in the past decade 在过去十年里；for decades 几十年来 例句：Great changes have taken place in space travel in the past decade.在过去十年里，太空旅行发生了巨大变化。 9. /ɪˈneɪbl/ v. 使能够；使可能 搭配：enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 例句：This new machine enables astronauts to work more safely.这台新机器让宇航员能够更安全地工作。 拓展：able adj. 能够的；unable adj. 不能的 10. /ˈkʌvə/ v. 覆盖；掩蔽 搭配：be covered with 被……覆盖；cover a distance 走完一段距离 例句：The whole area is covered with thick snow.整片区域被厚厚的积雪覆盖。 11. /weərˈevə/ conj. 在任何地方 adv. 究竟在哪里 搭配：wherever you go 无论你去哪里 例句：Wherever we travel, we should keep learning new things.无论我们去往哪里，都应该不断学习新事物。 短 语 1. 出故障；坏掉；（身体）垮掉 解析：多指机器、车辆等发生故障；也可指人身体垮掉、情绪崩溃。 例句：The spaceship’s engine nearly broke down during the flight.飞船的引擎在飞行途中差点出故障。 2. 耗尽；用光 解析：主语是人，后面接宾语；区分 run out（用完，主语是物，无被动）。 例句：They ran out of water before they reached the base.他们在抵达基地之前就把水用光了。 3. 继续；坚持 解析：后面可接 carry on with sth 或者 carry on doing sth，继续做某事。 例句：They decided to carry on their exploration in spite of difficulties.尽管困难重重，他们决定继续他们的探索。 4. 踏上；登上 解析：书面短语，常搭配地点，多用于探险、登陆场景。 例句：He was the first man to set foot on this unknown island.他是第一个登上这座未知岛屿的人。 5. 密切合作 解析：名词短语，cooperation 为不可数名词；动词形式 cooperate closely。 例句：Close cooperation between scientists made the space mission a success.科学家之间的密切合作让这次太空任务取得成功。 6. 成功做某事 解析：in 是介词，后面动词用 doing；名词 success，形容词 successful。 例句：China succeeded in sending another satellite into space last year.去年中国成功发射了另一颗卫星进入太空。 7. 登陆；降落于 解析：主语飞行器、飞船等，后接降落的地点。 例句：The rover safely landed on the surface of Mars.这辆火星车安全降落在火星表面。 8. 让（别人）做某事 解析：have + 宾语 + 过去分词，动作由他人完成，不是主语自己做。 例句：They had the satellite checked before the launch.发射前他们请人检查了这颗卫星。 9. 偶然遇见；碰到 解析：强调偶遇，不是事先安排好的见面；同义短语 meet by chance。 例句：The explorer came across a strange rock on the ice.这位探险者在冰面上偶然发现一块奇特的岩石。 10. 冒险 解析：也可说 take a risk；take risks to do sth 冒险去做某事。 例句：Astronauts take risks to explore the unknown space.宇航员冒着风险去探索未知的太空。 句 型 1. The motor sledges soon broke down and the team had to pull heavy supplies across the snow and ice. 机动雪橇很快就坏掉了，队伍不得不在冰雪之上拖拽沉重的物资。 句子结构：and 连接并列句 拓展例句： .我的自行车在路上坏了，所以我只好步行回家。 2. They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag there.当看到那里飘扬着挪威国旗时，他们大为震惊。 句子结构：when 引导时间状语从句 拓展例句： .听到这个坏消息，她十分震惊。 3. While the men had less to carry on the return journey, the weather conditions were terrible.虽然返程途中队员携带物资变少，但是天气状况十分恶劣。 句子结构：while 引导对比状语从句，表“然而、虽然”，突出前后情况对比 拓展例句： .这项任务听起来简单，然而实际很难完成。 4. It was a hopeless situation, but they carried on bravely.局势毫无希望，但他们依旧勇敢地坚持下去。 句子结构：but引导并列句，表转折 拓展例句： .不要放弃，继续你的探索。 5. Even sleeping is different! In space, my bed is fixed to the wall, and I have to tie myself to the bed so that I won't float away!就连睡觉都不一样！在太空，我的床固定在墙上，我必须把自己绑在床上，才不会飘走！ 句子结构：动名词作主语 + and并列句 + so that引导目的状语从句 拓展例句： .我早起是为了赶上头班车。 6. With long‑term efforts and close cooperation from scientists in many fields, Chang'e‑1 went around the Moon in 2007.经过长期努力以及多领域科学家的密切协作，嫦娥一号在 2007 年实现绕月飞行。 句子结构：with介词短语作伴随状语 + 主句 拓展例句： .凭借密切合作，我们完成了这项艰巨的任务。 7. It was the first time a country had managed to go around Mars, land on the surface and explore it all in one mission!这是历史上首次有国家可以在一次任务中完成绕火星、登陆火星表面以及开展探测！ 句子结构：It was the first time (that) + 过去完成时从句（固定句型） 拓展例句： .这是他第一次登上这座岛屿。 8. China had the satellite sent into space in 1970.1970 年，中国把这颗卫星送入太空。 句子结构：简单句，have sth done 结构 拓展例句： .我昨天找人修了电脑。 9. In order to realise China's dream of space exploration, Chinese space scientists and experts have worked very hard in challenging conditions, and have solved countless problems they came across.为实现中国的太空探索梦想，中国航天科学家和专家在艰苦条件下努力奋斗，解决无数遇到的难题。 句子结构：in order to 不定式作目的状语 + 主句（定语从句修饰problems） 拓展例句： .他去图书馆是为了找一些科学书籍。 10. If we don't take risks and explore outside our comfort zone, we won't know how much we can achieve. 如果我们不去冒险，走出舒适区去探索，我们永远不知道自己能取得多大成就。 句子结构：if引导条件状语从句（主将从现）；how much引导宾语从句 拓展例句： .如果你勇敢冒险，就会收获更多惊喜。 语法 1.状语从句 2.Have...done 写作 太空探索 一、知识点精讲 知识点1：课文原句：The motor sledges soon broke down and the team had to pull heavy supplies across the snow and ice.机动雪橇很快就坏掉了，队伍不得不在冰雪之上拖拽沉重的物资。 知识点：break down（机器）出故障；身体垮掉 用法解析：不及物动词短语，没有被动语态； 变形break‑broke‑broken；三层含义：机器车辆出故障；人的身体精神垮掉；谈判计划破裂；不及物，后面不能直接接宾语。 示例：My bike broke down on my way home.我的自行车在回家路上坏了。 拓展：break out（火灾战争爆发）；break in闯入 辨析：break down vs go wrong break down多指机器交通工具故障；go wrong泛指所有事情出问题，适用范围更广。 例句1：My bike on my way to school.上学路上我的自行车坏了。 例句2：He almost too much work.过多工作几乎让他身体垮掉。 知识点2：课文原句：They began to run out of food and they suffered snow‑blindness and problems with their hands and feet.翻译：他们的食物开始耗尽，还患上雪盲，手脚也出现各种伤病。 知识点：run out of用完，耗尽（人作主语） 用法解析：run out of：主语是人，后面接宾语 sth；run out：物作主语，不加宾语，主动形式表达被动含义；变形 run-ran-run；考试高频辨析，两个短语不可混用。 示例：We have run out of water.｜我们的水用完了。 词义辨析：run out of vs run out sb run out of sth 某人用完某物；sth run out 某物耗尽。 例句1：We have drinking water.我们的饮用水已经用完。 例句2：Our food in the wild.在野外我们的食物耗尽了。 知识点3：It was a hopeless situation, but they carried on bravely.翻译：局势毫无希望，但他们依旧勇敢地坚持下去。 知识点：carry on继续，坚持 用法解析：动词短语；搭配 carry on doing / carry on with sth；侧重遇到困境挫折仍然坚持； 辨析carry out执行落实计划。 示例：We must carry on working though we are tired.｜虽然很累，我们必须继续工作。 拓展：carry v.搬运；carry out 执行；carry away带走 辨析：carry on vs go on carry on：侧重困境当中坚持；go on普通含义“继续”。 例句1：They although they were tired.虽然很累，但他们继续工作。 例句2：Let’s our discussion.让我们继续我们的讨论。 知识点4：课文原句：China had the satellite sent into space in 1970.翻译：1970年，中国让人把这颗卫星送入太空。 知识点：have sth done让别人做某事 用法解析：结构 have +宾语+过去分词done； 拓展两个句型 have sb do sth叫某人主动做；have sth to do有事情需要自己做；适用于各种时态。 示例：I had my shoes repaired yesterday.｜我昨天找人修理鞋子。 拓展：have sb do sth 叫某人去做某事；have sth to do 有事情要做 辨析：have sth done vs have sb do sth have sth done：事情交由别人完成；have sb do sth：叫某人主动去做。 例句1：I will tomorrow.我明天要找人修我的自行车。 例句2：She in the park.她在公园找人拍了照片。 知识点5：课文原句：If we don't take risks and explore outside our comfort zone, we won't know how much we can achieve.翻译：如果我们不去冒险，走出舒适区去探索，我们永远不知道自己能取得多大成就。 知识点：take risks / take a risk冒险 用法解析：动词短语；复数take risks；单数take a risk； 搭配 take risks doing sth冒险做某事；派生词risk v.冒险，risk doing（接doing，不能to do）；risky adj.有风险的。 示例：Don’t take risks when you cross the street.过马路不要冒险。 拓展：risk n./v.冒险；risk doing 冒险做；risky adj.冒险的 辨析：take risks vs adventure take risks动词短语，承担风险去冒险；adventure名词，历险奇遇。 例句1：You shouldn’t when you swim in the river.在河里游泳不要冒险。 例句2：He took a big risk to cross the river at night.他晚上试图渡河，冒了很大的风险。 知识点6：课文原句：Human beings first set foot on the moon in 1969.翻译：人类1969年首次登上月球。 知识点：set foot on踏上；登上 用法解析：固定短语；变形 set-set-set；foot永远用单数，不写feet；后接地点名词，多用于登上陆地、星球。 示例：He set foot on his hometown after 10 years.十年后，他踏上故土。 拓展：set v.放置；set up建立 例句1：Human beings first the moon in 1969.人类1969年首次登上月球。 例句2：He his hometown after many years.多年之后他踏上故土。 知识点7：课文原句：With long‑term efforts and close cooperation from scientists in many fields, Chang'e-1 went around the Moon in 2007.翻译：依靠长期努力以及众多领域科学家的密切合作，嫦娥一号于2007年绕月飞行。 知识点：close cooperation密切合作 用法解析：cooperation不可数名词，没有复数；动词形式cooperate； 常用搭配 with close cooperation 在密切合作之下；with介词短语在句中作状语。 示例：With close cooperation, we finished the task.依靠密切合作，我们完成任务。 拓展：cooperate v.合作；co-operative adj.合作的 辨析：cooperation（名词合作）vs teamwork（团队协作） 例句1：The project finished successfully with close .｜依靠密切合作项目圆满完成。 例句2：Close is the key to success.｜密切合作是成功的关键。 知识点8：课文原句：It was the first time a country had managed to go around Mars, land on the surface and explore it all in one mission!翻译：这是历史上首次有国家可以在一次任务中完成绕火星、登陆火星表面以及开展探测！ 知识点：succeed in doing sth成功做成某事 用法解析：succeed动词，介词in后面必须接动名词doing，不能接to do； 示例：He succeeded in passing the exam.他成功通过考试。 拓展：succeed v.成功；success n.成功；successful adj.成功的 辨析：succeed in doing；manage to do sth，两者同义，成功做成难事。 例句1：They the rover to Mars.他们成功把探测器送往火星。 例句2：He the difficult exam.他成功通过这场很难的考试。 知识点9：课文原句：The rover Zhurong landed on the surface of Mars.翻译：祝融号探测器登陆火星表面。 知识点：land on登陆；降落于 用法解析：land此处作动词“降落，着陆”；land on +地点；land名词含义陆地；landing名词着陆；多用于飞行器、航天器降落。 示例：The plane landed on the ground safely.｜飞机安全降落在地面。 拓展：land n.陆地；landing n.着陆 辨析：land on（降落在星球地面）vs arrive at（到达普通地点） 例句1：The spacecraft Mars safely.｜航天器安全登陆火星。 例句2：The plane the airport at midnight.｜飞机午夜降落在机场。 知识点10：课文原句：Future generations of Chinese people will continue to unlock the secret of the universe. 翻译：中国的后代将会继续揭开宇宙的奥秘。 知识点：unlock the secret of揭开……的奥秘 用法解析：前缀un-表否定；lock锁；unlock本义开锁；引申义揭开秘密、奥秘；后面接宾语the secret/secrets of sth； 示例：Scientists unlock the secrets of nature.科学家揭开大自然的奥秘。 拓展：lock v.锁；un-否定前缀；universe n.宇宙 例句1：Scientists are trying to the secrets of nature.｜科学家正努力揭开大自然的奥秘。 例句2：We want to the secret of space.｜我们想要揭开太空的奥秘。 知识点11：课文原句：In order to realise China's dream of space exploration, Chinese space scientists and experts have worked very hard…翻译：为了实现中国的太空探索梦想，中国航天科学家和专家努力奋斗…… 知识点：in order to do sth为了做某事（表目的） 用法解析：放句首或者句中，后接动词原形；否定形式 in order not to do； 辨析in order that后面接完整句子。 示例：In order to get up early, he goes to bed early.为了早起，他早睡。 拓展：in order that +从句 为了……（接句子） 辨析：in order to +动词原形；in order that +完整句子。 例句1： the bus, he got up very early.｜为了赶上公交车，他起得很早。 例句2：He studies hard his dream university.｜他努力学习为了考上理想的大学。 知识点12：课文原句：…and have solved countless problems they came across.并且解决无数他们遇到的难题。 知识点：come across偶然遇见；碰到（困难） 用法解析：动词短语；指偶然碰到人、困难，不是事先计划；及物直接接宾语； come系列短语区分 come out出版；come up with想出。 示例：I came across an old friend in the street.我在街上偶遇一位老朋友。 拓展：come out出版；come up with想出 辨析：come across（偶遇）vs meet（有意或者无意遇见） 例句1：I an old friend on the street yesterday.｜昨天我在街上偶遇一位老朋友。 例句2：We often all kinds of difficulties in our life.｜生活中我们常常遇到各种各样的困难。 知识点13：课文原句：While the men had less to carry on the return journey, the weather conditions were terrible.虽然返程途中队员携带的东西变少了，但是天气状况十分恶劣。 知识点：while 连词，然而（对比） 用法解析：while放在两个分句中间，用于两件事物、两种情况做对照对比；while另外两个用法：引导时间状语从句“当……时候” 示例：Tom is quiet while his sister is outgoing.汤姆很文静，然而他妹妹性格外向。 例句1：Tom is quiet his brother is very outgoing.｜汤姆很文静，然而他弟弟十分外向。 例句2：Some people love winter others hate it.｜一些人喜欢冬天，然而另一些人讨厌冬天。 知识点14：课文原句：so that I won't float away翻译：以便我不会飘走 知识点：so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了 用法解析：so that引导目的状语从句，从句常常搭配can / will / could / would；区分so…that…如此……以至于引导结果状语从句；so that后面接完整句子，不能接动词原形。 示例：Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.｜大声说，以便大家可以听见。 拓展：so…that…如此……以至于（结果状语从句） 词义辨析：so that（目的：为了）；so…that（结果：如此…以至于） 例句1：He studies hard he can get good grades.｜他努力学习为了能取得好成绩。 例句2：Speak loudly everyone can hear you.｜大声说话，以便大家都可以听见你。 二、核心语法精讲 一、让步、对比从句：although / though / even though / while 1. although / though / even though 虽然，尽管（让步） 用法：引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”；不能和 but 连用（二者只能选一个，但是翻译时中文可以译出“但是”） though 较口语；although 偏书面，常放句首；even though 语气最强：“即使，尽管” 课文例句：Although the men seemed very cheerful, what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.虽然这些人看起来十分开心，但每个人内心的感受我只能猜测。 拓展例句1： he met many difficulties, he never gave up.虽然他遇到很多困难，但是他从未放弃。 拓展例句2：Even the task was hard, they finished it on time.即使任务艰巨，他们还是按时完成了。 2. while 而，然而（对比） 用法：放在句首或句中，强调两件事情、两种情况对比**，不是“当……时候” 课文例句：While the men had less to carry on the return journey, the weather conditions were terrible.虽然返程时大家要搬运的东西变少了，但是天气状况十分恶劣。 拓展例句：Some inventions are famous, others are little known.有些发明家喻户晓，而另一些却鲜为人知。 辨析：while 两种含义 ① 当……的时候（时间状语从句，延续性动词） ② 然而（对比从句） 二、so that / so…that / such…that ① so that 引导目的状语从句：为了，以便 用法：从句里常搭配情态动词 can / could / will / would；表动作的目的 课文例句：I have to tie myself to the bed I won't float away!我必须把自己绑在床上，这样我就不会飘走了！ 拓展例句：He studies hard he can make new inventions.他努力学习，为了能够做出新的发明。 补充区分：so that 也可以引导结果状语从句（因此），要结合句意判断。 ② so … that … 如此……以至于 结构*so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句 例句：The speed is we can hardly believe it.速度如此之快，以至于我们几乎不敢相信。 ③ such … that … 如此……以至于 结构：such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that从句 结构：such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that从句 例句：It is many people talk about it.这是一项如此惊人的发明，很多人都在谈论它。 互换小技巧： such a good invention = so good an invention It is such a good invention that… = It is so good an invention that… 易错提醒： so 修饰形容词、副词；such 修饰**名词短语 三、have … done 结构：让别人做某事 句型：have + 宾语 + 过去分词 核心含义：让某事被别人完成；主语自己不做这件事，请/安排别人来做 课文例句：China had the satellite sent into space in 1970.中国让人把这颗卫星送入太空。 拓展例句1：He his new checked by an expert.他请一位专家检查了他的新装置。 拓展例句2：We our house last month.上个月我们找人修理了房子。 拓展对比（必考三组have结构） 1. have sth done 让别人做某事（被动含义，别人做） 2. have sb do sth 让某人做某事（have +人+动词原形） 例：I had him test the machine. 我让他测试这台机器。 3. have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作要求：介绍人类太空探索的成果（中国航天成就），说明探索太空的价值，写出探索过程中的困难，最后表达自己的看法或者航天梦想。 2. 写作框架 根据所给的中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出真实的校名和姓名。 内容提示: 假设你是李华，你校英语社团公众号打算做一期以“Space Exploration”为主题的推送，请用英语给公众号投稿，分享人类探索宇宙的宏伟画卷中，深深触动你心弦的一个瞬间、一张照片或一个故事，谈谈你最初的感受，并谈谈它如何促使你在学习或生活中迈出新的一步。 提示词语:learn，important,curious,try,new What moment, picture, or story from space exploration moved you? Describe it and share how you felt at that time. Tell us one new thing you've tried in your learning or life because of that. 谋篇布局 3. 写作素材 优秀开头句 1. Space is full of mystery and humans never stop exploring it.太空充满神秘，人类从未停止探索。 2. Space exploration has become an important part of modern science.太空探索已经成为现代科学重要的一部分。 内容介绍句 1. China has made great achievements in space exploration these years.近些年中国在太空探索方面取得巨大成就。 2. Astronauts work in our space station and carry out many science experiments.宇航员在空间站工作，开展很多科学实验。 3. Exploring space helps us learn more about the universe and improve technology.探索太空帮助我们认识宇宙，促进科技进步。 4. However, space exploration is difficult, expensive and full of risks.但是太空探索难度大、耗资高，充满风险。 5. Astronauts need plenty of knowledge, strong bodies and great courage.宇航员需要丰富的知识、强健的体魄和巨大的勇气。 优秀结尾句 1. The spirit of exploration encourages me to keep studying hard for my dream.探索精神激励我为梦想努力学习。 2. I hope we will find more secrets of space step by step in the future.我希望未来我们能一步步揭开太空更多的奥秘。 4. 范文背诵 Something from space exploration once moved me deeply. 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. Space ________（探索）is exciting but difficult. 2. The brave ________（探险者）planned a trip to the polar region. 3. They ________（航行）towards the land early in the morning. 4. To my ________（失望）, the heavy storm stopped their plan. 5. We need more ________（科学的）evidence to support the idea. 6. Astronauts ________（漂浮）when there is no gravity. 7. The ________（卫星）goes around the Earth all the time. 8. International ________（合作）helps space projects go well. 9. The ________（使命）of the rover is to study the surface of Mars. 10. This new tool ________（使能够）us to take clear photos. 二、用所给词适当形式填空 1. He was ________ (shock) by the bad news about the trip. 2. The new invention ________ (able) people to travel to space one day. 3. The ________ (explore) team met lots of difficulties on the way. 4. It is beyond our ________ (expect) that he finished the task. 5. ________ (science) research takes lots of time and money. 6. In the past three ________ (decade), China made great progress in space. 7. The ________ (connect) between the two projects is clear. 8. The low gravity makes his ________ (muscle) become weak quickly. 9. We hope to unlock the secret of the ________ (universal). 10. They have good ________ (cooperate) and finish the mission smoothly. 三．完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In May 2026, the Shenzhou-23 spacecraft successfully docked with the Tiangong space station. Three Chinese astronauts entered their new home in space, beginning a six-month 1 . Living in a space station is exciting, but it brings many challenges. In space, astronauts are weightless. They float around, so their bodies can easily become 2 if they do not exercise every day. For this reason, each astronaut spends about two hours on running machines and bicycles daily. Eating is another challenge. Food must be specially 3 so that it will not float away in small pieces. Water is even more precious. In Tiangong, more than 90 percent of the water is 4 through an advanced recycling system. “Every drop counts,” one astronaut said. Besides scientific experiments, the astronauts also give lessons to students on Earth. During a live class, they showed 5 water forms a ball in space and how plants grow without soil. Millions of students watched the class 6 and asked questions. Why do we spend so much time and money exploring space? A scientist gave three reasons: to understand the universe, to develop new 7 that can help life on Earth, and to search for resources in the far future. China’s space programme has made great achievements, but the journey has just 8 . In the coming years, more astronauts will be 9 to the moon, and a lunar research station will be built. As one student wrote in his diary: “Space is vast, but with courage and hard work, humans will 10 the stars one day.” 1．A．holiday B．mission C．meeting D．course 2．A．weak B．heavy C．blind D．clever 3．A．eaten B．grown C．prepared D．found 4．A．wasted B．bought C．hidden D．recycled 5．A．when B．how C．where D．why 6．A．carelessly B．angrily C．silently D．eagerly 7．A．technologies B．languages C．hobbies D．games 8．A．begun B．ended C．stopped D．failed 9．A．carried B．pushed C．called D．sent 10．A．reach B．leave C．lose D．forget 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Exploration 主 题 词 汇 1. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 勘探；探究 搭配：space exploration 太空探索；the exploration of ……的探索 例句：Space exploration opens a new world for us.太空探索为我们打开了一个新世界。 拓展：explore v. 探索；explorer n. 探险者 2. unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 未知的 n. 未知的事物 搭配：the unknown 未知事物；an unknown place 未知之地 例句：Many scientists want to discover the unknown in the universe.许多科学家想要探索宇宙中的未知。 3. expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ n. 预料，期待；希望 搭配：beyond expectation 出乎意料；meet one’s expectations 达到某人的期待 例句：The result of the space mission was beyond our expectation.这次太空任务的结果出乎我们的预料。 拓展：expect v. 期待 4. shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 吃惊的，震惊的 搭配：be shocked at sth 对某事感到震惊 例句：We were shocked at the terrible conditions on the ice.我们对冰面上恶劣的环境感到震惊。 辨析：shocked（人感到震惊）；shocking（事物令人震惊） 5. disappointment/ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望，沮丧 搭配：to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 例句：To our disappointment, they had to give up the exploration.令我们失望的是，他们不得不放弃这次探险。 拓展：disappoint v. 使失望；disappointed adj. 失望的 6. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 搭配：scientific research 科学研究；scientific experiment 科学实验 例句：They carried out lots of scientific experiments on the satellite.他们在卫星上开展了大量科学实验。 拓展：science n. 科学；scientist n. 科学家 7. cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 合作；协助 搭配：international cooperation 国际合作；close cooperation 紧密合作 例句：Space projects need good cooperation between countries.太空项目需要各国之间良好的合作。 拓展：cooperate v. 合作 8. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年 搭配：in the past decade 在过去十年里；for decades 几十年来 例句：Great changes have taken place in space travel in the past decade.在过去十年里，太空旅行发生了巨大变化。 9. enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ v. 使能够；使可能 搭配：enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 例句：This new machine enables astronauts to work more safely.这台新机器让宇航员能够更安全地工作。 拓展：able adj. 能够的；unable adj. 不能的 10. cover/ˈkʌvə/ v. 覆盖；掩蔽 搭配：be covered with 被……覆盖；cover a distance 走完一段距离 例句：The whole area is covered with thick snow.整片区域被厚厚的积雪覆盖。 11. wherever /weərˈevə/ conj. 在任何地方 adv. 究竟在哪里 搭配：wherever you go 无论你去哪里 例句：Wherever we travel, we should keep learning new things.无论我们去往哪里，都应该不断学习新事物。 短 语 1. break down出故障；坏掉；（身体）垮掉 解析：多指机器、车辆等发生故障；也可指人身体垮掉、情绪崩溃。 例句：The spaceship’s engine nearly broke down during the flight.飞船的引擎在飞行途中差点出故障。 2. run out of耗尽；用光 解析：主语是人，后面接宾语；区分 run out（用完，主语是物，无被动）。 例句：They ran out of water before they reached the base.他们在抵达基地之前就把水用光了。 3. carry on继续；坚持 解析：后面可接 carry on with sth 或者 carry on doing sth，继续做某事。 例句：They decided to carry on their exploration in spite of difficulties.尽管困难重重，他们决定继续他们的探索。 4. set foot on踏上；登上 解析：书面短语，常搭配地点，多用于探险、登陆场景。 例句：He was the first man to set foot on this unknown island.他是第一个登上这座未知岛屿的人。 5. close cooperation密切合作 解析：名词短语，cooperation 为不可数名词；动词形式 cooperate closely。 例句：Close cooperation between scientists made the space mission a success.科学家之间的密切合作让这次太空任务取得成功。 6. succeed in doing sth成功做某事 解析：in 是介词，后面动词用 doing；名词 success，形容词 successful。 例句：China succeeded in sending another satellite into space last year.去年中国成功发射了另一颗卫星进入太空。 7. land on登陆；降落于 解析：主语飞行器、飞船等，后接降落的地点。 例句：The rover safely landed on the surface of Mars.这辆火星车安全降落在火星表面。 8. have … done让（别人）做某事 解析：have + 宾语 + 过去分词，动作由他人完成，不是主语自己做。 例句：They had the satellite checked before the launch.发射前他们请人检查了这颗卫星。 9. come across偶然遇见；碰到 解析：强调偶遇，不是事先安排好的见面；同义短语 meet by chance。 例句：The explorer came across a strange rock on the ice.这位探险者在冰面上偶然发现一块奇特的岩石。 10. take risks冒险 解析：也可说 take a risk；take risks to do sth 冒险去做某事。 例句：Astronauts take risks to explore the unknown space.宇航员冒着风险去探索未知的太空。 句 型 1. The motor sledges soon broke down and the team had to pull heavy supplies across the snow and ice. 机动雪橇很快就坏掉了，队伍不得不在冰雪之上拖拽沉重的物资。 句子结构：and 连接并列句 拓展例句：My bike broke down on the way, so I had to walk home.我的自行车在路上坏了，所以我只好步行回家。 2. They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag there.当看到那里飘扬着挪威国旗时，他们大为震惊。 句子结构：when 引导时间状语从句 拓展例句：She was shocked when she heard the bad news.听到这个坏消息，她十分震惊。 3. While the men had less to carry on the return journey, the weather conditions were terrible.虽然返程途中队员携带物资变少，但是天气状况十分恶劣。 句子结构：while 引导对比状语从句，表“然而、虽然”，突出前后情况对比 拓展例句：While the task sounds easy, it is really hard to finish.这项任务听起来简单，然而实际很难完成。 4. It was a hopeless situation, but they carried on bravely.局势毫无希望，但他们依旧勇敢地坚持下去。 句子结构：but引导并列句，表转折 拓展例句：Don’t give up, carry on with your exploration.不要放弃，继续你的探索。 5. Even sleeping is different! In space, my bed is fixed to the wall, and I have to tie myself to the bed so that I won't float away!就连睡觉都不一样！在太空，我的床固定在墙上，我必须把自己绑在床上，才不会飘走！ 句子结构：动名词作主语 + and并列句 + so that引导目的状语从句 拓展例句：I get up early so that I can catch the first bus.我早起是为了赶上头班车。 6. With long‑term efforts and close cooperation from scientists in many fields, Chang'e‑1 went around the Moon in 2007.经过长期努力以及多领域科学家的密切协作，嫦娥一号在 2007 年实现绕月飞行。 句子结构：with介词短语作伴随状语 + 主句 拓展例句：With close cooperation, we finished the difficult mission.凭借密切合作，我们完成了这项艰巨的任务。 7. It was the first time a country had managed to go around Mars, land on the surface and explore it all in one mission!这是历史上首次有国家可以在一次任务中完成绕火星、登陆火星表面以及开展探测！ 句子结构：It was the first time (that) + 过去完成时从句（固定句型） 拓展例句：It was the first time that he had set foot on the island.这是他第一次登上这座岛屿。 8. China had the satellite sent into space in 1970.1970 年，中国把这颗卫星送入太空。 句子结构：简单句，have sth done 结构 拓展例句：I had my computer repaired yesterday.我昨天找人修了电脑。 9. In order to realise China's dream of space exploration, Chinese space scientists and experts have worked very hard in challenging conditions, and have solved countless problems they came across.为实现中国的太空探索梦想，中国航天科学家和专家在艰苦条件下努力奋斗，解决无数遇到的难题。 句子结构：in order to 不定式作目的状语 + 主句（定语从句修饰problems） 拓展例句：He went to the library in order to look for some science books.他去图书馆是为了找一些科学书籍。 10. If we don't take risks and explore outside our comfort zone, we won't know how much we can achieve. 如果我们不去冒险，走出舒适区去探索，我们永远不知道自己能取得多大成就。 句子结构：if引导条件状语从句（主将从现）；how much引导宾语从句 拓展例句：If you take risks bravely, you will get more surprises.如果你勇敢冒险，就会收获更多惊喜。 语法 1.状语从句 2.Have...done 写作 太空探索 一、知识点精讲 知识点1：课文原句：The motor sledges soon broke down and the team had to pull heavy supplies across the snow and ice.机动雪橇很快就坏掉了，队伍不得不在冰雪之上拖拽沉重的物资。 知识点：break down（机器）出故障；身体垮掉 用法解析：不及物动词短语，没有被动语态； 变形break‑broke‑broken；三层含义：机器车辆出故障；人的身体精神垮掉；谈判计划破裂；不及物，后面不能直接接宾语。 示例：My bike broke down on my way home.我的自行车在回家路上坏了。 拓展：break out（火灾战争爆发）；break in闯入 辨析：break down vs go wrong break down多指机器交通工具故障；go wrong泛指所有事情出问题，适用范围更广。 例句1：My bike broke down on my way to school.上学路上我的自行车坏了。 例句2：He almost broke down from too much work.过多工作几乎让他身体垮掉。 知识点2：课文原句：They began to run out of food and they suffered snow‑blindness and problems with their hands and feet.翻译：他们的食物开始耗尽，还患上雪盲，手脚也出现各种伤病。 知识点：run out of用完，耗尽（人作主语） 用法解析：run out of：主语是人，后面接宾语 sth；run out：物作主语，不加宾语，主动形式表达被动含义；变形 run-ran-run；考试高频辨析，两个短语不可混用。 示例：We have run out of water.｜我们的水用完了。 词义辨析：run out of vs run out sb run out of sth 某人用完某物；sth run out 某物耗尽。 例句1：We have run out of drinking water.我们的饮用水已经用完。 例句2：Our food ran out in the wild.在野外我们的食物耗尽了。 知识点3：It was a hopeless situation, but they carried on bravely.翻译：局势毫无希望，但他们依旧勇敢地坚持下去。 知识点：carry on继续，坚持 用法解析：动词短语；搭配 carry on doing / carry on with sth；侧重遇到困境挫折仍然坚持； 辨析carry out执行落实计划。 示例：We must carry on working though we are tired.｜虽然很累，我们必须继续工作。 拓展：carry v.搬运；carry out 执行；carry away带走 辨析：carry on vs go on carry on：侧重困境当中坚持；go on普通含义“继续”。 例句1：They carried on working although they were tired.虽然很累，但他们继续工作。 例句2：Let’s carry on with our discussion.让我们继续我们的讨论。 知识点4：课文原句：China had the satellite sent into space in 1970.翻译：1970年，中国让人把这颗卫星送入太空。 知识点：have sth done让别人做某事 用法解析：结构 have +宾语+过去分词done； 拓展两个句型 have sb do sth叫某人主动做；have sth to do有事情需要自己做；适用于各种时态。 示例：I had my shoes repaired yesterday.｜我昨天找人修理鞋子。 拓展：have sb do sth 叫某人去做某事；have sth to do 有事情要做 辨析：have sth done vs have sb do sth have sth done：事情交由别人完成；have sb do sth：叫某人主动去做。 例句1：I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要找人修我的自行车。 例句2：She had her photos taken in the park.她在公园找人拍了照片。 知识点5：课文原句：If we don't take risks and explore outside our comfort zone, we won't know how much we can achieve.翻译：如果我们不去冒险，走出舒适区去探索，我们永远不知道自己能取得多大成就。 知识点：take risks / take a risk冒险 用法解析：动词短语；复数take risks；单数take a risk； 搭配 take risks doing sth冒险做某事；派生词risk v.冒险，risk doing（接doing，不能to do）；risky adj.有风险的。 示例：Don’t take risks when you cross the street.过马路不要冒险。 拓展：risk n./v.冒险；risk doing 冒险做；risky adj.冒险的 辨析：take risks vs adventure take risks动词短语，承担风险去冒险；adventure名词，历险奇遇。 例句1：You shouldn’t take risks when you swim in the river.在河里游泳不要冒险。 例句2：He took a big risk trying to cross the river at night.他晚上试图渡河，冒了很大的风险。 知识点6：课文原句：Human beings first set foot on the moon in 1969.翻译：人类1969年首次登上月球。 知识点：set foot on踏上；登上 用法解析：固定短语；变形 set-set-set；foot永远用单数，不写feet；后接地点名词，多用于登上陆地、星球。 示例：He set foot on his hometown after 10 years.十年后，他踏上故土。 拓展：set v.放置；set up建立 例句1：Human beings first set foot on the moon in 1969.人类1969年首次登上月球。 例句2：He set foot on his hometown after many years.多年之后他踏上故土。 知识点7：课文原句：With long‑term efforts and close cooperation from scientists in many fields, Chang'e-1 went around the Moon in 2007.翻译：依靠长期努力以及众多领域科学家的密切合作，嫦娥一号于2007年绕月飞行。 知识点：close cooperation密切合作 用法解析：cooperation不可数名词，没有复数；动词形式cooperate； 常用搭配 with close cooperation 在密切合作之下；with介词短语在句中作状语。 示例：With close cooperation, we finished the task.依靠密切合作，我们完成任务。 拓展：cooperate v.合作；co-operative adj.合作的 辨析：cooperation（名词合作）vs teamwork（团队协作） 例句1：The project finished successfully with close cooperation.｜依靠密切合作项目圆满完成。 例句2：Close cooperation is the key to success.｜密切合作是成功的关键。 知识点8：课文原句：It was the first time a country had managed to go around Mars, land on the surface and explore it all in one mission!翻译：这是历史上首次有国家可以在一次任务中完成绕火星、登陆火星表面以及开展探测！ 知识点：succeed in doing sth成功做成某事 用法解析：succeed动词，介词in后面必须接动名词doing，不能接to do； 示例：He succeeded in passing the exam.他成功通过考试。 拓展：succeed v.成功；success n.成功；successful adj.成功的 辨析：succeed in doing；manage to do sth，两者同义，成功做成难事。 例句1：They succeeded in sending the rover to Mars.他们成功把探测器送往火星。 例句2：He succeeded in passing the difficult exam.他成功通过这场很难的考试。 知识点9：课文原句：The rover Zhurong landed on the surface of Mars.翻译：祝融号探测器登陆火星表面。 知识点：land on登陆；降落于 用法解析：land此处作动词“降落，着陆”；land on +地点；land名词含义陆地；landing名词着陆；多用于飞行器、航天器降落。 示例：The plane landed on the ground safely.｜飞机安全降落在地面。 拓展：land n.陆地；landing n.着陆 辨析：land on（降落在星球地面）vs arrive at（到达普通地点） 例句1：The spacecraft landed on Mars safely.｜航天器安全登陆火星。 例句2：The plane landed on the airport at midnight.｜飞机午夜降落在机场。 知识点10：课文原句：Future generations of Chinese people will continue to unlock the secret of the universe. 翻译：中国的后代将会继续揭开宇宙的奥秘。 知识点：unlock the secret of揭开……的奥秘 用法解析：前缀un-表否定；lock锁；unlock本义开锁；引申义揭开秘密、奥秘；后面接宾语the secret/secrets of sth； 示例：Scientists unlock the secrets of nature.科学家揭开大自然的奥秘。 拓展：lock v.锁；un-否定前缀；universe n.宇宙 例句1：Scientists are trying to unlock the secrets of nature.｜科学家正努力揭开大自然的奥秘。 例句2：We want to unlock the secret of space.｜我们想要揭开太空的奥秘。 知识点11：课文原句：In order to realise China's dream of space exploration, Chinese space scientists and experts have worked very hard…翻译：为了实现中国的太空探索梦想，中国航天科学家和专家努力奋斗…… 知识点：in order to do sth为了做某事（表目的） 用法解析：放句首或者句中，后接动词原形；否定形式 in order not to do； 辨析in order that后面接完整句子。 示例：In order to get up early, he goes to bed early.为了早起，他早睡。 拓展：in order that +从句 为了……（接句子） 辨析：in order to +动词原形；in order that +完整句子。 例句1：In order to catch the bus, he got up very early.｜为了赶上公交车，他起得很早。 例句2：He studies hard in order to enter his dream university.｜他努力学习为了考上理想的大学。 知识点12：课文原句：…and have solved countless problems they came across.并且解决无数他们遇到的难题。 知识点：come across偶然遇见；碰到（困难） 用法解析：动词短语；指偶然碰到人、困难，不是事先计划；及物直接接宾语； come系列短语区分 come out出版；come up with想出。 示例：I came across an old friend in the street.我在街上偶遇一位老朋友。 拓展：come out出版；come up with想出 辨析：come across（偶遇）vs meet（有意或者无意遇见） 例句1：I came across an old friend on the street yesterday.｜昨天我在街上偶遇一位老朋友。 例句2：We often come across all kinds of difficulties in our life.｜生活中我们常常遇到各种各样的困难。 知识点13：课文原句：While the men had less to carry on the return journey, the weather conditions were terrible.虽然返程途中队员携带的东西变少了，但是天气状况十分恶劣。 知识点：while 连词，然而（对比） 用法解析：while放在两个分句中间，用于两件事物、两种情况做对照对比；while另外两个用法：引导时间状语从句“当……时候” 示例：Tom is quiet while his sister is outgoing.汤姆很文静，然而他妹妹性格外向。 例句1：Tom is quiet while his brother is very outgoing.｜汤姆很文静，然而他弟弟十分外向。 例句2：Some people love winter while others hate it.｜一些人喜欢冬天，然而另一些人讨厌冬天。 知识点14：课文原句：so that I won't float away翻译：以便我不会飘走 知识点：so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了 用法解析：so that引导目的状语从句，从句常常搭配can / will / could / would；区分so…that…如此……以至于引导结果状语从句；so that后面接完整句子，不能接动词原形。 示例：Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.｜大声说，以便大家可以听见。 拓展：so…that…如此……以至于（结果状语从句） 词义辨析：so that（目的：为了）；so…that（结果：如此…以至于） 例句1：He studies hard so that he can get good grades.｜他努力学习为了能取得好成绩。 例句2：Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.｜大声说话，以便大家都可以听见你。 二、核心语法精讲 一、让步、对比从句：although / though / even though / while 1. although / though / even though 虽然，尽管（让步） 用法：引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”；不能和 but 连用（二者只能选一个，但是翻译时中文可以译出“但是”） though 较口语；although 偏书面，常放句首；even though 语气最强：“即使，尽管” 课文例句：Although the men seemed very cheerful, what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.虽然这些人看起来十分开心，但每个人内心的感受我只能猜测。 拓展例句1：Although he met many difficulties, he never gave up.虽然他遇到很多困难，但是他从未放弃。 拓展例句2：Even though the task was hard, they finished it on time.即使任务艰巨，他们还是按时完成了。 2. while 而，然而（对比） 用法：放在句首或句中，强调两件事情、两种情况对比**，不是“当……时候” 课文例句：While the men had less to carry on the return journey, the weather conditions were terrible.虽然返程时大家要搬运的东西变少了，但是天气状况十分恶劣。 拓展例句：Some inventions are famous, while others are little known.有些发明家喻户晓，而另一些却鲜为人知。 辨析：while 两种含义 ① 当……的时候（时间状语从句，延续性动词） ② 然而（对比从句） 二、so that / so…that / such…that ① so that 引导目的状语从句：为了，以便 用法：从句里常搭配情态动词 can / could / will / would；表动作的目的 课文例句：I have to tie myself to the bed so that I won't float away!我必须把自己绑在床上，这样我就不会飘走了！ 拓展例句：He studies hard so that he can make new inventions.他努力学习，为了能够做出新的发明。 补充区分：so that 也可以引导结果状语从句（因此），要结合句意判断。 ② so … that … 如此……以至于 结构*so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句 例句：The speed is so fast that we can hardly believe it.速度如此之快，以至于我们几乎不敢相信。 ③ such … that … 如此……以至于 结构：such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that从句 结构：such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that从句 例句：It is such an unbelievable invention that many people talk about it.这是一项如此惊人的发明，很多人都在谈论它。 互换小技巧： such a good invention = so good an invention It is such a good invention that… = It is so good an invention that… 易错提醒： so 修饰形容词、副词；such 修饰**名词短语 三、have … done 结构：让别人做某事 句型：have + 宾语 + 过去分词 核心含义：让某事被别人完成；主语自己不做这件事，请/安排别人来做 课文例句：China had the satellite sent into space in 1970.中国让人把这颗卫星送入太空。 拓展例句1：He had his new device checked by an expert.他请一位专家检查了他的新装置。 拓展例句2：We had our house repaired last month.上个月我们找人修理了房子。 拓展对比（必考三组have结构） 1. have sth done 让别人做某事（被动含义，别人做） 2. have sb do sth 让某人做某事（have +人+动词原形） 例：I had him test the machine. 我让他测试这台机器。 3. have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作要求：介绍人类太空探索的成果（中国航天成就），说明探索太空的价值，写出探索过程中的困难，最后表达自己的看法或者航天梦想。 2. 写作框架 根据所给的中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出真实的校名和姓名。 内容提示: 假设你是李华，你校英语社团公众号打算做一期以“Space Exploration”为主题的推送，请用英语给公众号投稿，分享人类探索宇宙的宏伟画卷中，深深触动你心弦的一个瞬间、一张照片或一个故事，谈谈你最初的感受，并谈谈它如何促使你在学习或生活中迈出新的一步。 提示词语:learn，important,curious,try,new What moment, picture, or story from space exploration moved you? Describe it and share how you felt at that time. Tell us one new thing you've tried in your learning or life because of that. 谋篇布局 3. 写作素材 优秀开头句 1. Space is full of mystery and humans never stop exploring it.太空充满神秘，人类从未停止探索。 2. Space exploration has become an important part of modern science.太空探索已经成为现代科学重要的一部分。 内容介绍句 1. China has made great achievements in space exploration these years.近些年中国在太空探索方面取得巨大成就。 2. Astronauts work in our space station and carry out many science experiments.宇航员在空间站工作，开展很多科学实验。 3. Exploring space helps us learn more about the universe and improve technology.探索太空帮助我们认识宇宙，促进科技进步。 4. However, space exploration is difficult, expensive and full of risks.但是太空探索难度大、耗资高，充满风险。 5. Astronauts need plenty of knowledge, strong bodies and great courage.宇航员需要丰富的知识、强健的体魄和巨大的勇气。 优秀结尾句 1. The spirit of exploration encourages me to keep studying hard for my dream.探索精神激励我为梦想努力学习。 2. I hope we will find more secrets of space step by step in the future.我希望未来我们能一步步揭开太空更多的奥秘。 4. 范文背诵 Something from space exploration once moved me deeply. During the Tiangong class, astronauts carried out amazing experiments in space. Watching it felt like discovering a whole new world, and I could hardly believe my eyes. It made me realize how wonderful and powerful science really is. 　　That inspiring moment encouraged me to take an important step in my learning. I decided to try something new. Now I spend 15 minutes every day reading articles about space and the latest science news. This habit helps me gain more knowledge beyond textbooks and keeps me curious about the unknown. As a result, I have become more confident when facing new challenges and exploring difficult topics. 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. Space ________（探索）is exciting but difficult. 2. The brave ________（探险者）planned a trip to the polar region. 3. They ________（航行）towards the land early in the morning. 4. To my ________（失望）, the heavy storm stopped their plan. 5. We need more ________（科学的）evidence to support the idea. 6. Astronauts ________（漂浮）when there is no gravity. 7. The ________（卫星）goes around the Earth all the time. 8. International ________（合作）helps space projects go well. 9. The ________（使命）of the rover is to study the surface of Mars. 10. This new tool ________（使能够）us to take clear photos. 【答案】1. exploration 2. explorer 3. sailed 4. disappointment 2. scientific 6. float 7. satellite 8. cooperation 3. mission 10. enables 二、用所给词适当形式填空 1. He was ________ (shock) by the bad news about the trip. 2. The new invention ________ (able) people to travel to space one day. 3. The ________ (explore) team met lots of difficulties on the way. 4. It is beyond our ________ (expect) that he finished the task. 5. ________ (science) research takes lots of time and money. 6. In the past three ________ (decade), China made great progress in space. 7. The ________ (connect) between the two projects is clear. 8. The low gravity makes his ________ (muscle) become weak quickly. 9. We hope to unlock the secret of the ________ (universal). 10. They have good ________ (cooperate) and finish the mission smoothly. 【答案】1. shocked 2. will enable 3. exploration 4. expectation 2. Scientific 6. decades 7. connection 8. muscles 3. universe 10. cooperation 三．完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In May 2026, the Shenzhou-23 spacecraft successfully docked with the Tiangong space station. Three Chinese astronauts entered their new home in space, beginning a six-month 1 . Living in a space station is exciting, but it brings many challenges. In space, astronauts are weightless. They float around, so their bodies can easily become 2 if they do not exercise every day. For this reason, each astronaut spends about two hours on running machines and bicycles daily. Eating is another challenge. Food must be specially 3 so that it will not float away in small pieces. Water is even more precious. In Tiangong, more than 90 percent of the water is 4 through an advanced recycling system. “Every drop counts,” one astronaut said. Besides scientific experiments, the astronauts also give lessons to students on Earth. During a live class, they showed 5 water forms a ball in space and how plants grow without soil. Millions of students watched the class 6 and asked questions. Why do we spend so much time and money exploring space? A scientist gave three reasons: to understand the universe, to develop new 7 that can help life on Earth, and to search for resources in the far future. China’s space programme has made great achievements, but the journey has just 8 . In the coming years, more astronauts will be 9 to the moon, and a lunar research station will be built. As one student wrote in his diary: “Space is vast, but with courage and hard work, humans will 10 the stars one day.” 1．A．holiday B．mission C．meeting D．course 2．A．weak B．heavy C．blind D．clever 3．A．eaten B．grown C．prepared D．found 4．A．wasted B．bought C．hidden D．recycled 5．A．when B．how C．where D．why 6．A．carelessly B．angrily C．silently D．eagerly 7．A．technologies B．languages C．hobbies D．games 8．A．begun B．ended C．stopped D．failed 9．A．carried B．pushed C．called D．sent 10．A．reach B．leave C．lose D．forget 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了神舟二十三号宇航员在天宫空间站的生活挑战、太空授课及探索太空的意义，展望了中国航天的未来。 【详解】1．句意：三名中国宇航员进入了他们在太空的新家，开始了为期六个月的任务。 根据“astronauts entered their new home in space”及常识，宇航员太空工作是执行任务，mission“任务”符合语境。holiday“假期”，meeting“会议”，course“课程”，不符合太空工作语境。 2．句意：他们四处漂浮，所以如果不每天锻炼，他们的身体很容易变得虚弱。 根据“if they do not exercise every day”可知，缺乏锻炼会导致身体虚弱，weak“虚弱的”符合语境。heavy“沉重的”，blind“失明的”，clever“聪明的”，与缺乏锻炼无直接逻辑联系。 3．句意：食物必须特别准备，这样它就不会漂浮成小块。 根据“so that it will not float away”可知，食物需要在食用前被特殊准备或处理，prepared“准备”符合语境。eaten“吃”，grown“种植”，found“发现”，不符合食物处理语境。 4．句意：在天宫，超过90%的水通过先进的回收系统被回收。 根据“through an advanced recycling system”可知，水是被回收利用，recycled“回收”符合语境。wasted“浪费”，bought“买”，hidden“隐藏”，与回收系统矛盾。 5．句意：在一堂直播课中，他们展示了水在太空如何形成球体以及植物如何无土生长。 根据“water forms a ball”可知，此处展示的是形成的方式/过程，用“how”。when“何时”，where“何地”，why“为何”，不符合演示过程的语境。 6．句意：数百万学生热切地观看了这节课并提问。 根据“Millions of students watched”及“asked questions”可知，学生对太空课感兴趣，应是热切地观看，eagerly“热切地”符合语境。carelessly“粗心地”，angrily“生气地”，silently“安静地”，不符合语境。 7．句意：一位科学家给出了三个理由：了解宇宙，开发可以帮助地球上生命的新技术，以及在遥远的未来寻找资源。 根据“exploring space”及“help life on Earth”可知，太空探索主要带来新技术，technologies“技术”符合语境。languages“语言”，hobbies“爱好”，games“游戏”， 不是太空探索的主要产出。 8．句意：中国太空计划取得了巨大成就，但旅程刚刚开始。 “but”表转折，前文说成就大，后文说未来要去月球，说明旅程刚开始，begun“开始”符合语境。ended“结束”，stopped“停止”，failed“失败”，与未来计划矛盾。 9．句意：在未来几年，将有更多的宇航员被送往月球，并将建造一个月球研究站。 根据“astronauts”和“to the moon”可知，宇航员是被送到月球，固定搭配be sent to表示被“发送/派遣”到某地。carried“携带”，pushed“推”，called“呼叫”，不符合航天语境。 10．句意：正如一位学生在日记中所写：“太空是广阔的，但只要有勇气和努力，人类总有一天会到达星辰。” 根据“with courage and hard work”可知，这是励志结尾，意为到达星辰，reach“到达”符合语境。leave“离开”，lose“失去”，forget“忘记”， 为消极含义，不符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $