定语从句1--关代关副 课件-2027届高考英语语法一轮复习

定语从句 —关系词 Lead in 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近5年对于定语从句主要考查：1. 关系代词的用法； 2. 关系副词的用法；3. 非限制性定语从句的关系词；4. 介词+关系代词的用法。 【备考策略】1. 了解定语从句的基本用法;2. 区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;3. 熟知关系代词和关系副词的用法并能正确判断使用哪种关系词；4. 掌握"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句及as和which引导的定语从句的区别。 Learning aims After this period, the students will be able to： 1. know what attributive clauses are 2. know how to choose correct relative pronouns Self-study 1 a beautiful flower.（划线部分的成分是______） a moving car （定语是_________） a dream to go to college (定语是________________ ) a boy with glasses (定语是 ___________ ) a boy who is wearing glasses (定语是 ______________________ ) 什么是定语？定语的常见类型有哪些？ 定语 with glasses who is wearing glasses to go to college note : 定语作用是修饰名词或代词 moving Self-study 两个简单句： A man is standing there. The man is my brother. = 主从复合句： The man who is standing there is my brother. 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词 先行词一般是名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词：引导定语从句的词 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 结构：先行词+引导词+从句 先行词 引导词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。 引导词又称为关系词。 分关系代词和关系副词。 作用： 1. 指代先行词 2. 引导从句 3. 从句中作成分 定语从句 Guidance and exploration 先行词和关系词的关系 A plane is a machine. A machine can fly. The boy is called Tom. The boy broke the window. The boy was brought up by his grandpa. The boy's parents are dead. The school is far from my home. I study in the school. A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 1. 关系代词实际上是 先行词的复指 The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandpa. 2. 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 The school where I study is far from my home. 3. 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 关系词的功能 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person (whom) I am working with. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. He is no longer the person that he used to be. A plane is a machine that can fly. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. I like those books whose topics are about history. 先行词：人 作主语 作宾语 作宾语 作表语 先行词：物 作主语 作主语 作宾语 作定语 1. The teacher and the books ________ he recommended were excellent. 2. She is the tallest girl ________ I have ever seen. 3. The third place ________ they visited was the Great Wall. 4. There is nothing ________ can stop me from achieving my goals.5. This is all ________ I want to say at the meeting. that & which 只能用that的情况 that 1.先行词既有人又有物时 that 2. 先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时 that 3.先行词是all、much、little、everything、anything、nothing、none等 不定代词时 that that 6. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ________ he owned. 7. Hangzhou is no longer the city _________ it used to be. 8. Which book is the one ________ you recommended? 9. Who is the person ________ you saw yesterday?  that 4. 先行词被the only、the very等修饰时。 that & which that 5. 当先行词在主句中作表语而关系词在从句中也作表语时通常只用that。 that that 当主句是以who 或 which 开头的疑问句时 that & which 1. Lillian works in a government office in ________ there are many different departments.2. Our school, ________ is located in Maxiang Road, provides a beautiful environment for us. 3. Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected. 只能用which的情况 which which which 1. 先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 2. 先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。 3. 引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。 关系代词as的用法 1. (2023·全国甲卷) Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. as as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。 2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……”。 3. 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 1. as has been said before 如上所述 2. as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 3. As we all know/ is known to all 众所周知 4. as was expected 正如预料的那样 5. as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 6. as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样 7. as is often the case （with/in) (谁/地方） 情况通常如此 8. as often happens 往往有之，正如经常发生的那样,这种情况常常发生 记一记 关系代词as的用法 1. She has married again, ______________________. 不出所料，她又结婚了。 2. _________________, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 3. He sold his new car, ____________________________. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。 as was expected As is often the case which made me surprised which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别：①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后； ②句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。 关系代词as的用法 1. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _________ everyone likes to visit. 2. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _________ everyone likes to visit it. 3. This is so difficult a problem _________ no one can work out. 4. This is so difficult a problem _________ no one can work it out. 5. My pen is missing. I’d like to buy the same pen _________ I lost.6. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen _________ she lost yesterday. as that as that as that 1. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。2. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。 1.(2023年全国甲卷) There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,... 2.(2023年北京卷) Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ________ thousands were attending a water conference. 3. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life, with 21st­century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. where where which/that Self-study 2 (1). when指时间，在定语从句中作 . I still remember the day I first met my penfriend. The season they were talking about was autumn. ＝on which 时间状语 Tips 1: when ＝表示时间的介词 (in/at/on/during/...) ＋ which when which/that Tips 2: 当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which Guidance & exploration (2). where指地点，在定语从句中作 . CCBS is the school we study everyday. CCBS is the school _______ we will remember forever. Now people are concerned about the environment they live.　 ＝at which 地点状语 Tips 1 : where＝表示地点的介词 (in/at/on/under/...)＋which where where ＝in which that Tips 2: 当表示地点的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用whre而用that或which 难点突破 1 Students should involve themselves in community activities _______they can gain experience for growth. Remember that there is still one point _________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. She's in a hopeless situation, ______ we will keep a very close eye on her. Please describe an occasion _______ you met real difficulties. Occasions are rare _______ you have mentioned in the meeting. where that/which where where that 难点突破 1 a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point,situation,case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her. b.先行词occasion：当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (3). why指原因，在定语从句中作 . The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason _______ you might give. This is the reason _______ he lost contact with the outside world. (＝for which) 原因状语 why = for which; 但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。 why that/ which Tips 2: 当reason在从句中作主语或宾语时,关系词不用where而用that或which 关系副词 先行词 作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，stage等) 地点状语 表地点的介词(如：in, at, on, under等)＋which why the reason 原因状语 表原因的介词 (如：for)＋which This is the first time ______ I have talked with a foreigner face to face. There was a time _______ I hated going to school. when (that) 次数 一段时间 难点突破2 time 后接定从情况 The way _____________he answered the question was surprising. (2024·浙江卷1月) Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ____________ will make them the most money. which/that (that/in which) 方式状语 主语 难点突破3 the way做先行词的定从 定语从句定义：在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分 定语从句位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后 定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词 关系 代词 关系 副词 指人 指物 who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)， that(主语、宾语), whose(定语) that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语) whose(定语) where (地点状语) when (时间状语) why (原因状语) Summary Consolidation 1.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 2.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _______________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. which which/that who 4.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _____________ will make them the most money. 5.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 6.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 7.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. which/that which/that that who 8.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 9.（2021全国II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company_______________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 10.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.  which/that who/that where Our class is a big family ; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. Our class is a big family ________ consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of _______ are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy _____ is always ready to help others. Exercise 1 Fill in the blank which whom who ■ 巧用定语从句升级段落 “关系代词or关系副词” 区分依据 根据从句谓语动词 若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词 若是不及物动词则用关系副词 根据关系词在从句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词； 作状语则用关系副词 我们现在已经到了决胜高考的关键时刻。(point)同学们都做出承诺，在承诺中，他们说将全心全意致力于学习之中。(commitment)我们讨论了很多种提高学习效率的情况。（case）班主任老师组织了各种学习活动，在活动中我们通过互相学习获益很多。（activity;mutal）相信努力尝试就是一次机会，无论你是什么年龄，背景，你有创造改变的能力。（It is believed;trying hard;opportunity） We have reached a point where it is critical to make some efforts to win in Gaokao. Our students made commitments, where they said they would abandon themselves to studying. We discussed many cases where we can improve our efficiency of study. The headteacher organized varieties of activities where we benefit a lot through mutal learing. It is believed that trying hard is a universal opportunity, where regardless your age and background, you have the ability to create a change. $