07 人际关系 2027高考英语主题语境词汇识记与应用

07 人际关系—2027高考英语主题语境词汇识记与应用 第一部分 词性转换专题 序号 核心词与派生链 语境例句 中文翻译 1 communicate vi. 交流；沟通 → communication n. 交流；沟通 → communicative adj. 善于沟通的 → miscommunication n. 沟通不畅 Effective communication requires both speaking and listening; a communicative person can prevent miscommunication before it starts, so communicate openly with those around you. 有效的沟通需要说与听；善于沟通的人能在沟通不畅发生前加以阻止，所以要与身边的人坦诚交流。 2 empathize vi. 共情；有同感 → empathy n. 共情；同理心 → empathetic adj. 有同理心的 The ability to empathize with others is at the heart of every healthy relationship; empathy allows us to feel what another person feels, and an empathetic listener makes people feel truly heard. 与他人共情的能力是每段健康关系的核心；同理心让我们感受他人的感受，而有同理心的倾听者让人感到被真正听见。 3 conflict n. 冲突；矛盾 vi. 冲突；抵触 → conflicting adj. 相冲突的 → conflictual adj. 冲突的 When conflicting opinions arise, a conflict can easily develop; rather than avoiding it, learn to manage conflictual situations with calm and respect. 当相互冲突的意见出现时，冲突很容易产生；与其回避，不如学会以冷静和尊重来管理冲突情境。 4 reconcile vt. 使和解；调和 → reconciliation n. 和解；调和 → reconcilable adj. 可调和的 After months of silence, the brothers finally reconciled; their reconciliation brought the whole family back together, proving that most differences are reconcilable with honest talk. 沉默数月之后，兄弟俩终于和解；他们的和解让整个家庭重聚，证明大多数分歧都可以通过坦诚交谈来调和。 5 forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕 → forgiveness n. 原谅；宽恕 → forgiving adj. 宽容的 Learning to forgive does not mean forgetting the hurt; forgiveness releases you from resentment, and a forgiving attitude strengthens relationships over time. 学会原谅并不意味着忘记伤害；宽恕让你从怨恨中解脱，而宽容的态度会随时间加深关系。 6 apologize vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 歉意的 He apologized sincerely for his harsh words; his apology was accepted, and his apologetic tone showed he truly regretted the hurt he had caused. 他为自己刻薄的话真诚道歉；他的道歉被接受了，他歉意的语气表明他真正后悔造成的伤害。 7 tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受 → tolerance n. 容忍；宽容 → tolerant adj. 宽容的 → intolerant adj. 不宽容的 A healthy relationship requires tolerance of differences; being tolerant does not mean agreeing with everything, but it does mean refusing to be intolerant of another’s perspective. 健康的关系需要对差异的宽容；宽容并不意味着同意一切，但确实意味着拒绝对他人的观点不宽容。 8 cooperate vi. 合作 → cooperation n. 合作 → cooperative adj. 合作的 → uncooperative adj. 不合作的 Successful teamwork depends on cooperation; a cooperative attitude makes problems easier to solve, while an uncooperative member can stall the whole group. 成功的团队合作取决于协作；合作的态度让问题更容易解决，而不合作的成员会拖住整个团队。 9 sympathize vi. 同情；赞同 → sympathy n. 同情 → sympathetic adj. 同情的 → unsympathetic adj. 冷漠的 When a friend is struggling, sympathize first rather than giving advice; sympathy opens the door to trust, and a sympathetic response is far more helpful than an unsympathetic lecture. 当朋友挣扎时，先同情而非给建议；同情打开了信任之门，同情的回应远比冷漠的说教更有帮助。 10 understand vt. 理解 → understanding n. 理解；谅解 adj. 通情达理的 → misunderstand vt. 误解 → misunderstanding n. 误解 A good listener seeks understanding before judging; misunderstandings are common, but an understanding attitude can clear them up, so try not to misunderstand someone’s intention too quickly. 好的倾听者在评判之前先寻求理解；误解很常见，但通情达理的态度可以消除它们，所以不要过快误解某人的意图。 11 compromise n. & vi. 妥协；折中 → compromising adj. 折中的；有损声誉的 In any close relationship, compromise is not a sign of weakness but of maturity; finding a compromising solution often saves both sides from unnecessary conflict. 在任何亲密关系中，妥协不是软弱的表现而是成熟的表现；找到一个折中的方案往往能让双方免于不必要的冲突。 12 connect vt. 连接；建立关系 → connection n. 联系；人脉 → connected adj. 有联系的 → disconnected adj. 疏远的 A genuine connection is built through shared time and honest talk; people who feel connected to one another are less likely to drift apart, while a disconnected relationship slowly fades. 真正的联系通过共处的时间和坦诚的交谈建立；彼此感到有联系的人不太可能疏远，而疏远的关系会慢慢消退。 13 respect vt. & n. 尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的 → respectable adj. 值得尊敬的 Mutual respect is the foundation of any lasting friendship; being respectful in disagreement shows maturity, and a respectable person earns respect without demanding it. 相互尊重是任何持久友谊的基础；在分歧中保持恭敬显示出成熟，值得尊敬的人无需索取就能赢得尊重。 14 loyal adj. 忠诚的 → loyalty n. 忠诚 → loyally adv. 忠诚地 Loyalty is tested not when things are easy but when they are hard; a loyal friend stands by you loyally even when doing so is inconvenient. 忠诚不是在顺利时受到考验，而是在困难时；忠诚的朋友即使在不方便时也会忠诚地支持你。 15 sensitive adj. 敏感的；体贴的 → sensitivity n. 敏感；体察 → insensitive adj. 不敏感的；麻木的 Being sensitive to others’ feelings is a skill, not a weakness; sensitivity helps you notice what is unsaid, while an insensitive remark can damage a relationship in seconds. 对他人感受敏感是一种技能而非弱点；体察帮助你注意到未说出口的东西，而一句不敏感的话几秒钟就能破坏一段关系。 16 appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 → appreciation n. 感激；欣赏 → appreciative adj. 感激的 Expressing appreciation strengthens bonds; people feel appreciative when their efforts are noticed, so appreciate the small things others do for you. 表达感激能加强纽带；当努力被看见时人们会心存感激，所以要欣赏他人为你做的小事。 17 judge vt. & n. 评判；法官 → judgement n. 判断 → judgemental adj. 爱评判的 Good relationships require suspending judgement; a judgemental attitude closes conversations, while sound judgement tells you when to listen rather than label. 良好的关系需要暂时放下评判；爱评判的态度会关闭对话，而健全的判断告诉你何时该倾听而非贴标签。 18 involve vt. 涉及；使参与 → involvement n. 参与 → involved adj. 参与的；复杂的 Healthy relationships require active involvement; those who are genuinely involved in each other’s lives build trust, while a relationship without involvement slowly weakens. 健康的关系需要积极的参与；真正参与彼此生活的人建立信任，而缺乏参与的关系会慢慢削弱。 19 negotiate vi. 协商；谈判 → negotiation n. 协商 → negotiable adj. 可协商的 When two people want different things, negotiation is healthier than silent resentment; a negotiable approach keeps the door open, and successful negotiation often begins with listening. 当两个人想要不同的东西时，协商比沉默的怨恨更健康；可协商的态度让大门敞开，而成功的协商往往始于倾听。 20 harmonize v. 使和谐 → harmony n. 和谐 → harmonious adj. 和谐的 A harmonious relationship does not happen by accident; it requires both sides to harmonize their expectations, and harmony grows when differences are respected rather than erased. 和谐的关系不是偶然发生的；它需要双方协调期望，当差异被尊重而非被抹去时，和谐才会生长。 第二部分 语块化词汇·短语 （一）建立联系与维系友谊 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） bond 纽带；建立亲密关系 strengthen the bond 加强纽带；bond over shared interests 因共同兴趣建立亲密关系 get along with 与……相处 get along well with roommates 与室友相处融洽；easy to get along with 容易相处 reach out 主动联系；伸出援手 reach out to a friend 主动联系朋友； reach out for support 寻求支持 keep in touch 保持联系 keep in touch through video calls 通过视频通话保持联系 set a regular date 约定固定时间 Set a regular date for phone calls. 约定固定的通话时间。 practise empathy 练习共情 Practise empathy by asking how the other person feels. 通过询问对方的感受来练习共情。 remember important dates 记住重要日子 Remember important dates such as birthdays and anniversaries. 记住生日和纪念日等重要日子。 a sense of connectedness 联结感 Social media can create a sense of connectedness. 社交媒体能带来一种联结感。 common ground 共同点；共识 find common ground 找到共同点；seek common ground 寻求共识 lifelong friendship 终生的友谊 build a lifelong friendship 建立终生的友谊 核心短语：build trust 建立信任｜invest time in 投入时间于｜be there for sb. 在某人身边支持｜keep a friendship alive 让友谊保持活力 （二）沟通技巧与表达 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） open up 敞开心扉 open up about one’s feelings 敞开心扉谈感受 listen actively 积极倾听 listen actively rather than waiting to speak 积极倾听而非等着说话 body language 肢体语言 read body language 解读肢体语言；body language varies across cultures 肢体语言因文化而异 eye contact 眼神交流 maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流； avoid eye contact 避免眼神接触 tone of voice 语气 a gentle tone of voice 温和的语气 read between the lines 领会言外之意 learn to read between the lines 学会领会言外之意 get one’s meaning across 把意思表达清楚 get one’s meaning across clearly 清楚地表达自己的意思 misread 误读；误解 misread someone’s intention 误解某人的意图 talk sth through 把事情谈清楚 talk the problem through 把问题谈清楚 heart-to-heart 推心置腹的 have a heart-to-heart talk 进行一次推心置腹的交谈 核心短语：speak one’s mind 说出心里话｜hold back 隐瞒；犹豫不说｜be on the same wavelength 想法一致 （三）冲突、误解与修复 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） fall out with 与……争吵；闹翻 fall out with a close friend 与好友闹翻 have a row with 与……争吵 Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. 也许她和丈夫吵了一架。 drive sb. mad 把某人逼疯 Customers can also drive you mad. 顾客也能把你逼疯。 take it personally 认为针对自己；往心里去 Don’t take it personally. 别往心里去。 water sth down 缓和；淡化 Always water it down. 总是要缓和一下。 let one’s ego get in the way 让自尊心碍事 Don’t let your ego get in the way. 别让自尊心碍事。 clear up a misunderstanding 消除误解 clear up a misunderstanding through honest talk 通过坦诚交谈消除误解 patch things up 和好；修复关系 try to patch things up after a quarrel 争吵后试图和好 make up for 弥补 make up for lost time 弥补失去的时间 break the ice 打破僵局 tell a joke to break the ice 讲个笑话打破僵局 核心短语：take the blame 承担责任｜own up to 坦白承认｜let bygones be bygones 既往不咎｜bury the hatchet 言归于好 （四）共情、包容与相互理解 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） put oneself in sb.’s shoes 设身处地为某人着想 put yourself in the customer’s shoes 设身处地为顾客着想 see things from sb.’s perspective 从某人的角度看问题 see things from the other person’s perspective 从对方的角度看问题 be sensitive to 对……敏感；体察 be sensitive to a friend’s needs 体察朋友的需求 be sympathetic to 对……同情；体谅 be sympathetic to the fact that... 体谅……这一事实 mutual recognition 相互认可 children’s insistence on mutual recognition 儿童对相互认可的坚持 mutual regard 相互尊重 mutual regard between friends 朋友之间的相互尊重 accept differences 接受差异 accept differences rather than erase them 接受差异而非抹去差异 be tolerant of 对……宽容 be tolerant of different opinions 对不同意见持宽容态度 show consideration for 体谅 show consideration for others’ feelings 体谅他人的感受 give sb. the benefit of the doubt 在证据不足时相信某人无辜 When unsure, give the other person the benefit of the doubt. 不确定时，暂且相信对方是无辜的。 核心短语：walk in someone else’s shoes 换位思考｜feel for sb. 同情某人｜look at things from a different angle 从不同角度看问题 （五）跨文化交际与身体语言 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） vary from culture to culture 因文化而异 Body language varies from culture to culture. 肢体语言因文化而异。 be interpreted differently 被不同地解读 The same gesture may be interpreted differently in different cultures. 同一手势在不同文化中可能被解读为不同含义。 cultural misunderstanding 文化误解 avoid cultural misunderstandings 避免文化误解 cultural awareness 文化意识 develop cultural awareness 培养文化意识 adapt to 适应 adapt one’s communication style to the local culture 使自己的沟通方式适应当地文化 offend 冒犯 avoid offending others 避免冒犯他人 be offended by 被……冒犯 appropriate 恰当的 appropriate body language 恰当的肢体语言 interpret 解读；口译 interpret a gesture correctly 正确解读手势 bridge the gap 弥合差距 bridge the cultural gap 弥合文化差距 global village 地球村 communication in the global village 地球村中的沟通 核心短语：cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际｜cultural norms 文化规范｜respect cultural differences 尊重文化差异 （六）真题话题词汇精选 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） emoji 表情符号 use emojis at work 在工作中使用表情符号 messaging platform 通讯平台 users on messaging platforms 通讯平台用户 cold and dull 冷淡而乏味 Written communications can read as cold and dull. 书面沟通可能显得冷淡而乏味。 soften 缓和；使柔和 soften a serious note with a smile 用微笑缓和严肃的便条 friendlier communication 更友好的沟通 friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace 更友好的沟通带来更快乐的工作环境 peace-offering 和解信物 visit him with a peace-offering 带着和解信物去看他 guilt washed over sb. 愧疚涌上心头 Guilt washed over me. 愧疚涌上我的心头。 stubbornness 固执 a harsh reminder of my own stubbornness 对我自身固执的严厉提醒 egocentric 自我中心的 children are not hopelessly egocentric 儿童并非无可救药地以自我为中心 sustain 维持 sustain long-distance friendships 维持异地友谊 emotional intelligence 情商 the original meaning of emotional intelligence 情商的原本含义 a set of skills 一套技能 emotional intelligence is a set of skills 情商是一套技能 workplace culture 职场文化 improve your work culture 改善你的职场文化 break the ice 打破僵局 a simple joke can break the ice 一个简单的笑话就能打破僵局 awkward silence 尴尬的沉默 fill an awkward silence 填补尴尬的沉默 第三部分 话题句型 序号 英文句型 中文翻译 出处/话题 1 If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.” 如果顾客粗鲁或难缠，就想“也许她和丈夫吵了一架”。 2020·全国Ⅲ卷 完形 2 Written communications can often read as cold and dull; using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 书面沟通常常显得冷淡而乏味；使用表情符号可以增添幽默和情感，使意图保持清晰。 2020·全国Ⅱ卷 七选五 3 The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort. 好消息是它学起来很简单，值得付出努力。 2020·全国Ⅱ卷 七选五 4 It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media, but long-distance friendships may require more conscious effort to sustain. 通过社交媒体很容易获得联结感，但异地友谊可能需要更有意识的努力来维持。 2022·全国乙卷 七选五 5 The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. 留下的朋友需要体谅搬走的朋友所承受的所有额外时间要求。 2022·全国乙卷 七选五 6 Their responses reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” 他们的回答反映了他们真实的信念：“只有你能看见我，我才能看见你。” 2022·全国乙卷 完形 7 I realized it was me who was at fault; my brother’s silence was a harsh reminder of my own stubbornness. 我意识到错的人是我；哥哥的沉默是对我自身固执的严厉提醒。 2025·全国一卷 读后续写 8 With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door. 带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了哥哥家门口。 2025·全国一卷 读后续写 9 It was not the words themselves but the willingness to listen that finally bridged the gap between them. 最终弥合他们之间隔阂的，不是话语本身，而是倾听的意愿。 通用句式 10 What matters most in a disagreement is not who wins but whether both sides feel heard. 分歧中最重要的是双方是否感到被倾听，而非谁赢。 通用句式 11 A harmonious relationship does not require identical opinions, but it does require mutual respect. 和谐的关系不需要完全相同的观点，但确实需要相互尊重。 通用句式 12 Empathy is not about agreeing with someone; it is about understanding why they feel the way they do. 共情不是同意某人，而是理解他们为何有这样的感受。 通用句式 13 Only when we stop judging can we begin to truly connect with others. 只有当我们停止评判，才能真正开始与他人建立联系。 通用句式 14 Body language varies from culture to culture, so what feels natural in one setting may be offensive in another. 肢体语言因文化而异，因此在一种情境中自然的举动在另一种情境中可能具有冒犯性。 人教选必一 U4 15 Emotional intelligence is not a single quality but a set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. 情商不是单一品质，而是一套可以用于善或恶的技能。 2021·新高考Ⅰ卷 D 词句基础练 习题一：中译英 1. Effective ____________ (沟通) requires both speaking and listening, and a ____________ (善于沟通的) person knows how to prevent ____________ (沟通不畅) before it starts. 2. The ability to ____________ (共情) is at the heart of every healthy relationship; an ____________ (有同理心的) listener makes people feel truly heard. 3. When ____________ (相冲突的) opinions arise, rather than avoiding the ____________ (冲突), learn to manage it with calm and respect. 4. After months of silence, the brothers finally ____________ (和解); their ____________ (和解) brought the family back together. 5. Learning to ____________ (原谅) does not mean forgetting the hurt; ____________ (宽恕) releases you from resentment. 6. He ____________ (道歉) sincerely for his harsh words, and his ____________ (歉意的) tone showed he truly regretted the hurt. 7. A healthy relationship requires ____________ (宽容) of differences; being ____________ (宽容的) does not mean agreeing with everything. 8. Successful teamwork depends on ____________ (合作); an ____________ (不合作的) member can stall the whole group. 9. When a friend is struggling, ____________ (同情) first rather than giving advice; a ____________ (同情的) response is far more helpful than a lecture. 10. ____________ (误解) are common, but an ____________ (通情达理的) attitude can clear them up; try not to ____________ (误解) someone’s intention too quickly. 11. In any close relationship, ____________ (妥协) is a sign of maturity; finding a ____________ (折中的) solution often saves both sides from unnecessary conflict. 12. A genuine ____________ (联系) is built through shared time and honest talk; people who feel ____________ (有联系的) are less likely to drift apart. 13. ____________ (忠诚) is tested not when things are easy but when they are hard; a ____________ (忠诚的) friend stands by you even when it is inconvenient. 14. Being ____________ (敏感的) to others’ feelings is a skill; ____________ (体察) helps you notice what is unsaid, while an ____________ (不敏感的) remark can damage a relationship in seconds. 15. ____________ (和谐) grows when differences are respected rather than erased; a ____________ (和谐的) relationship requires both sides to ____________ (协调) their expectations. 习题二：单句语法填空 1. Effective ____________ requires both speaking and listening; a ____________ person can prevent ____________breakdowns before they start. (communicate) 2. The ability to ____________ with others is essential; an ____________listener makes people feel truly heard, and ____________is a skill that can be practised. (empathy) 3. When ____________ opinions arise, a ____________can easily develop; learn to manage ____________situations with calm. (conflict) 4. After months of silence, the brothers finally ____________; their ____________ brought the family back together, proving that most differences are ____________ (reconcile). 5. Learning to ____________ does not mean forgetting; ____________releases you from resentment, and a ___________attitude strengthens relationships. (forgive) 6. He ____________ sincerely for his harsh words; his ____________was accepted, and his ____________ tone showed genuine regret. (apology) 7. A healthy relationship requires ____________of differences; being ____________does not mean agreeing with everything, but it does mean refusing to be ____________ (tolerate). 8. Successful teamwork depends on ____________; a ____________attitude makes problems easier to solve, while an ____________ member can stall the group. (cooperate) 9. When a friend is struggling, ____________first rather than giving advice; a ____________ response is far more helpful than an ____________ lecture. (sympathy) 10. A good listener seeks ____________before judging; ____________are common, but an ____________attitude can clear them up. (understand) 11. In any close relationship, _________ (compromise) is a sign of maturity; finding a __________ (compromise) solution often saves both sides from unnecessary _________ (conflict). 12. A genuine ____________is built through shared time; people who feel ____________ are less likely to drift apart, while a ____________relationship slowly fades. (connect) 13. Mutual ____________is the foundation of friendship; being ____________in disagreement shows maturity, and a ____________person earns respect without demanding it. (respect) 14. ____________ is tested in hard times; a ____________friend stands by you ____________ even when it is inconvenient. (loyal) 15. Being ____________ to others’ feelings is a skill; ____________ helps you notice what is unsaid, while an ____________ remark can damage a relationship in seconds. (sense) 习题三：选词填空 第1组 get along with reach out keep in touch set a regular date remember important dates practise empathy find common ground open up talk sth through patch things up 1. Before accepting the offer, she took a week to ____________ the pros and cons. 2. After months of research, the career adviser ____________ that the student should pursue a career in design. 3. Not every high-paying job ____________ your personality and long-term goals. 4. He decided to ____________ the position because it offered relevant experience. 5. She worked hard to ____________ the scholarship, and her efforts finally paid off. 6. After the interview, remember to ____________ with a brief thank-you email. 7. He ____________ a well-paid offer in the city to work for a small charity in his hometown. 8. Employers value graduates who ____________ rather than wait to be told what to do. 9. The café worker always ____________ for her customers, remembering their favourite drinks. 10. Many artists struggle to ____________ from their creative work alone. 第2组 put oneself in sb.’s shoe s be sensitive to be sympathetic to mutual recognition break the ice accept differences bridge the gap water sth down take it personally let one’s ego get in the way 1. Try to ____________ before judging a customer’s rude behaviour. 2. A good friend ____________ your changing needs and moods. 3. We should ____________ the fact that everyone has bad days. 4. Children’s insistence on ____________ suggests they already care about being seen by others. 5. A mature relationship does not require you to erase your identity but to ____________. 6. Honest communication can ____________ between people from different cultural backgrounds. 7. When giving feedback, ____________ the criticism so that it is easier to accept. 8. Don’t ____________; his sharp comment was probably not aimed at you. 9. A simple joke can ____________ at the beginning of a tense meeting. 10. ____________ can prevent you from apologizing even when you know you are wrong. 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet Helps Friendships The Internet can help develop friendships in many ways. Firstly, the Internet makes communication much more 1 (convenience). You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or 2 you are doing. Using a smartphone, a tablet or a computer, you can be 3 contact at home and also when you are on the move. Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun. 4 (tradition) ways of communicating, like letters and phone calls, can be limiting and take time. However, you can share photos, videos, news stories and websites with your friends online. You can give a brief 5 (respond) to a message with 6 emoji or a picture. There are so many online tools you can use to be creative! Thirdly, online communication can actually bring people closer to each other. Nowadays, your friends are just a click away. Whenever someone needs help, friends from all over the world can 7 (immediate) provide useful suggestions or information. This makes friends feel 8 (love) and cared for. To me, this is a very thought-provoking argument, as it points out the benefits of online friendships. 9 Eileen Kennedy-Moore, an authority on the subject, points out, online friends “fill holes real-life friends can’t”. Finally, I believe the Internet brings people closer together and 10 (make) communication with friends more convenient and interesting. Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Forty-nine young professionals from different countries recently completed a 10-day training program in China, 1 (explore) rural revitalization practices in Yunnan. The program, co-launched by China Agricultural University and Tencent, aimed to share China’s experience in rural development with global 2 (young). During their visit to Mengla County, Yunnan, the 3 (participant) were impressed by the “agri-tourism integration” model in Hebian Village. They learned how Yao ethnic group’s wooden houses 4 (transform) into cozy guesthouses, and how villagers now earn income from rubber tapping, beekeeping, and home-stay management. “We used to think rural areas could only rely on farming,” said Mirembe from Uganda. “But here, culture and nature become treasures — this gives us new ideas 5 our villages.” They also visited a smart coffee estate in Jinghong, 6 AI and drones are used for pest control and yield prediction. Hakim from Indonesia, who runs a coffee workshop, noted: “China’s way of connecting small farmers to big markets via live-streaming is eye-opening. We can adapt this to sell our Indonesian coffee 7 (global).” A key takeaway was China’s focus on “farmer-centered development”. In Manluanzhan Village, the group saw how 8 (abandon) water towers were turned into cafes, and how local villagers lead decision-making for tourism projects. “China doesn’t just build pretty villages — it empowers people to own the development,” said Mumbi from Kenya. The program ended with a 9 (commit) to apply these lessons at home. As Tanzanian participant Aboli put it: “China’s rural revitalization isn’t a copy-paste model, 10 a mindset of using local strengths. That’s what we need to take back.” Passage C 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you’re wondering why Taylor Swift didn’t respond to your social media post offering congratulations on her engagement, then Cambridge Dictionary has a word for you: parasocial. 1 (define) as involving or relating to a connection that someone feels between themselves and a famous person they do not know, parasocial has been chosen by the dictionary as 2 (it) word of the year, as people turn 3 chatbots and celebrities to feel connection in their online lives. The term first 4 (emerge) in 1956 when University of Chicago sociologists observed TV viewers engaging in parasocial relationships with onscreen personalities, mirroring their bonds with family and 5 (friend) — except this was a one-way attachment. Opportunities for asymmetrical (不对称) relationships 6 (mushroom) in the internet era over the past few years, with social media and now artificial intelligence 7 (take) a niche (小众的) academic term into the mainstream. “Parasocial captures the 2025zeitgeist (时代精神),” said Colin McIntosh, a Cambridge Dictionary editor. Millions of people are engaged in parasocial relationships; many more are 8 (simple) interested in their rise. Simone Schnall, professor of 9 (experiment) social psychology at the University of Cambridge, said parasocial relationships have redefined fandom, celebrity and how ordinary people interact online with AI. People have relied on influencers as trust in mainstream and traditional media breaks down, 10 can lead to unhealthy and intense relationships with social media stars. Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is known as a state of etiquette (礼仪) and ceremonies. Take the example of an interesting story. Once upon a time, a man went on a long tour 1 (visit) his friend with a swan as a gift. But it escaped from the cage on the way and in his effort to catch it, he caught nothing but a feather. When his friend received this unexpected gift — the swan feather, he was deeply moved by the sincerity. 2 (gradual), the saying “the gift is nothing much, but it is the thought 3 counts” spreads far and wide. Gifts are regarded as an important part to show politeness in China. 4 is appropriate to give gifts on 5 (occasion) such as festivals and birthdays. If you are invited 6 a family party, small gifts like wine, tea or candies are welcomed. Also fruit, cookies, and flowers are a safe 7 (choose). Chinese used to cup one hand in the other before the chest as a salute. This tradition, nowadays seldom 8 (follow) except in the Spring Festival, has a history of more than 2,000 years. Shaking hands, which should be firm and brief but not too strong, 9 (consider) formal greeting behavior in China. If you follow the usual rules of etiquette in China, there is no need to worry about the cultural barriers, for the warm and friendly Chinese will try their best to respect your customs when 10 (communicate). Passage E 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Meeting a public figure can be exciting, but 1 (consider) behavior should always come first. Public figures require focus and privacy 2 work or training, which can become risky if fans interrupt them. A 3 (time) example is Chinese freestyle skiing champion Gu Ailing, who was reported to have had a serious accident in New Zealand soon after returning to the snow, and who asked supporters not to take photos or 4 (video) while she is practicing. She added that she was delighted to meet people after the park closed — an approach 5 balances safety with kindness. How should you act? Regulate your emotions, assess the situation and keep 6 respectful distance. If the person is working, training, or inside a restricted zone, do not approach. Follow venue rules on recording and avoid 7 (share) real-time locations online, which can attract crowds and raise risks. Choose an appropriate moment — after an event or when staff indicate it is fine to speak. Ask briefly and politely, “Excuse me, may I take a photo?” 8 they refuse, accept it gracefully. Only when they agree, can you take a single quick photo and step away. Ultimately, good character in these moments 9 (mean) respect, patience, responsibility, and kindness. By prioritizing safety and privacy, we create positive encounters that protect both public figures and 10 (we). Passage F 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nursena Burus, a 19-year-old from the historical city of Manisa on Türkiye’s Aegean coast, 1 (develop) a taste for Chinese culture thanks to its cuisine and her travels around the country in the past few months. For Burus, coming to China was not just a language learning opportunity but a chance to experience a culture 2 beauty attracted her from afar. She arrived in China in February 2024, just before Chinese New Year, and immediately involved 3 (she) in the lively, celebratory atmosphere. Red lanterns swayed in the wind, papercuttings adorned windows 4 spirited couplets decorated doorways. While 5 (wander) in the streets, she would frequently find the streets were filled with red, a color of celebration and good luck. As classes began in March, Burus quickly adapted to learning and living at Tianjin University. She 6 (regular) explored the university’s cafeterias and discovered her favorite 7 (dish), including Peking Duck. She often followed the recommended foods on the popular short video-sharing platform Douyin 8 (explore) new restaurants and shared photos of her culinary adventures on her WeChat Moments. Burus says that Chinese cuisines are rich and 9 (taste), and the convenient digital payment system amazes her. Before leaving China earlier this year after she finished two semesters of a language-learning program, she left behind a wish bottle buried on campus, containing her desire to become a bridge for cultural exchanges 10 Türkiye and China. Passage G 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thousands of self-named “TikTok refugees (难民)” are flooding to Xiaohongshu (also known as RedNote in App Store), 1 Chinese social media platform. The US Supreme Court is expected to decide 2 TikTok can continue operating in the country before the January 19 deadline. As it faces a such potential ban in the United States, it is sent to the top of the US App Store download chart. By the end of last week, Xiaohongshu 3 (download) the most, ranking the top on Apple’s US App Store. Originally launched in 2013 4 a lifestyle platform, Xiaohongshu boasts over 300 million 5 (month) active users and exceeded US$1 billion in profit in 2024, according to Bloomberg. Some Chinese users are going to the extra miles 6 (guide) international newcomers. A user named Eddy Liu created a group chat offering in-depth analyses on mastering Xiaohongshu, while others have posted 7 (instruction) to make the Chinese-dominated app more accessible. Miss Fifty Yuan, a graduate from Fudan University, 8 (author) a beginner’s guide to Chinese Internet slang previously, translating terms like yyds (GOAT), which was widely popular. Chinese and US users are 9 (enthusiastic) sharing photos of their pets, particularly cats, as they make their first interactions on Xiaohongshu. US users have humorously nicknamed these images as the “Cat Tax”, 10 (refer) to a playful exchange for engagement with Chinese users. Passage H 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 From Chancay to Shanghai China and Peru are located on opposite sides of the world, 1 (separate) by the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean. In the past, this distance seemed unimaginable. However, a new port project is making such a distant journey less difficult. Chancay, situated about 78 km north of Lima, the Peruvian capital, is a natural deep-water port. China and Peru began 2 (construct) of the Chancay port project in 2021. Once 3 operation, it will become a major gateway to the oceans and a crucial hub in the South Pacific. “From Chancay to Shanghai” has become a catchphrase in Peru, 4 (indicate) a bright future of mutually beneficial cooperation between the two nations. As a flagship Belt and Road cooperation project, the port will not just boost trade between the two countries, 5 strengthen connectivity within and beyond the continent. Peru is a native place of potatoes, and China is a leading potato producing country in the world. Victor Otazu, 6 agriculturalist from the International Potato Center, found that the highlands in Qinghai showed certain similarities with places 7 his experimental stations are located in Peru. The local climate and geological conditions were 8 (favor) for potato seed production, which means Qinghai could be an important potato producer. The Qingshu-9 type of potato bred in Qinghai is now 9 (wide) grown in China. The long cooperation in potato research and breeding 10 (yield) fruitful results for decades. China and Peru will open the door to more cooperation. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 07 人际关系—2027高考英语主题语境词汇识记与应用 第一部分 词性转换专题 序号 核心词与派生链 语境例句 中文翻译 1 communicate vi. 交流；沟通 → communication n. 交流；沟通 → communicative adj. 善于沟通的 → miscommunication n. 沟通不畅 Effective communication requires both speaking and listening; a communicative person can prevent miscommunication before it starts, so communicate openly with those around you. 有效的沟通需要说与听；善于沟通的人能在沟通不畅发生前加以阻止，所以要与身边的人坦诚交流。 2 empathize vi. 共情；有同感 → empathy n. 共情；同理心 → empathetic adj. 有同理心的 The ability to empathize with others is at the heart of every healthy relationship; empathy allows us to feel what another person feels, and an empathetic listener makes people feel truly heard. 与他人共情的能力是每段健康关系的核心；同理心让我们感受他人的感受，而有同理心的倾听者让人感到被真正听见。 3 conflict n. 冲突；矛盾 vi. 冲突；抵触 → conflicting adj. 相冲突的 → conflictual adj. 冲突的 When conflicting opinions arise, a conflict can easily develop; rather than avoiding it, learn to manage conflictual situations with calm and respect. 当相互冲突的意见出现时，冲突很容易产生；与其回避，不如学会以冷静和尊重来管理冲突情境。 4 reconcile vt. 使和解；调和 → reconciliation n. 和解；调和 → reconcilable adj. 可调和的 After months of silence, the brothers finally reconciled; their reconciliation brought the whole family back together, proving that most differences are reconcilable with honest talk. 沉默数月之后，兄弟俩终于和解；他们的和解让整个家庭重聚，证明大多数分歧都可以通过坦诚交谈来调和。 5 forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕 → forgiveness n. 原谅；宽恕 → forgiving adj. 宽容的 Learning to forgive does not mean forgetting the hurt; forgiveness releases you from resentment, and a forgiving attitude strengthens relationships over time. 学会原谅并不意味着忘记伤害；宽恕让你从怨恨中解脱，而宽容的态度会随时间加深关系。 6 apologize vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 歉意的 He apologized sincerely for his harsh words; his apology was accepted, and his apologetic tone showed he truly regretted the hurt he had caused. 他为自己刻薄的话真诚道歉；他的道歉被接受了，他歉意的语气表明他真正后悔造成的伤害。 7 tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受 → tolerance n. 容忍；宽容 → tolerant adj. 宽容的 → intolerant adj. 不宽容的 A healthy relationship requires tolerance of differences; being tolerant does not mean agreeing with everything, but it does mean refusing to be intolerant of another’s perspective. 健康的关系需要对差异的宽容；宽容并不意味着同意一切，但确实意味着拒绝对他人的观点不宽容。 8 cooperate vi. 合作 → cooperation n. 合作 → cooperative adj. 合作的 → uncooperative adj. 不合作的 Successful teamwork depends on cooperation; a cooperative attitude makes problems easier to solve, while an uncooperative member can stall the whole group. 成功的团队合作取决于协作；合作的态度让问题更容易解决，而不合作的成员会拖住整个团队。 9 sympathize vi. 同情；赞同 → sympathy n. 同情 → sympathetic adj. 同情的 → unsympathetic adj. 冷漠的 When a friend is struggling, sympathize first rather than giving advice; sympathy opens the door to trust, and a sympathetic response is far more helpful than an unsympathetic lecture. 当朋友挣扎时，先同情而非给建议；同情打开了信任之门，同情的回应远比冷漠的说教更有帮助。 10 understand vt. 理解 → understanding n. 理解；谅解 adj. 通情达理的 → misunderstand vt. 误解 → misunderstanding n. 误解 A good listener seeks understanding before judging; misunderstandings are common, but an understanding attitude can clear them up, so try not to misunderstand someone’s intention too quickly. 好的倾听者在评判之前先寻求理解；误解很常见，但通情达理的态度可以消除它们，所以不要过快误解某人的意图。 11 compromise n. & vi. 妥协；折中 → compromising adj. 折中的；有损声誉的 In any close relationship, compromise is not a sign of weakness but of maturity; finding a compromising solution often saves both sides from unnecessary conflict. 在任何亲密关系中，妥协不是软弱的表现而是成熟的表现；找到一个折中的方案往往能让双方免于不必要的冲突。 12 connect vt. 连接；建立关系 → connection n. 联系；人脉 → connected adj. 有联系的 → disconnected adj. 疏远的 A genuine connection is built through shared time and honest talk; people who feel connected to one another are less likely to drift apart, while a disconnected relationship slowly fades. 真正的联系通过共处的时间和坦诚的交谈建立；彼此感到有联系的人不太可能疏远，而疏远的关系会慢慢消退。 13 respect vt. & n. 尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的 → respectable adj. 值得尊敬的 Mutual respect is the foundation of any lasting friendship; being respectful in disagreement shows maturity, and a respectable person earns respect without demanding it. 相互尊重是任何持久友谊的基础；在分歧中保持恭敬显示出成熟，值得尊敬的人无需索取就能赢得尊重。 14 loyal adj. 忠诚的 → loyalty n. 忠诚 → loyally adv. 忠诚地 Loyalty is tested not when things are easy but when they are hard; a loyal friend stands by you loyally even when doing so is inconvenient. 忠诚不是在顺利时受到考验，而是在困难时；忠诚的朋友即使在不方便时也会忠诚地支持你。 15 sensitive adj. 敏感的；体贴的 → sensitivity n. 敏感；体察 → insensitive adj. 不敏感的；麻木的 Being sensitive to others’ feelings is a skill, not a weakness; sensitivity helps you notice what is unsaid, while an insensitive remark can damage a relationship in seconds. 对他人感受敏感是一种技能而非弱点；体察帮助你注意到未说出口的东西，而一句不敏感的话几秒钟就能破坏一段关系。 16 appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 → appreciation n. 感激；欣赏 → appreciative adj. 感激的 Expressing appreciation strengthens bonds; people feel appreciative when their efforts are noticed, so appreciate the small things others do for you. 表达感激能加强纽带；当努力被看见时人们会心存感激，所以要欣赏他人为你做的小事。 17 judge vt. & n. 评判；法官 → judgement n. 判断 → judgemental adj. 爱评判的 Good relationships require suspending judgement; a judgemental attitude closes conversations, while sound judgement tells you when to listen rather than label. 良好的关系需要暂时放下评判；爱评判的态度会关闭对话，而健全的判断告诉你何时该倾听而非贴标签。 18 involve vt. 涉及；使参与 → involvement n. 参与 → involved adj. 参与的；复杂的 Healthy relationships require active involvement; those who are genuinely involved in each other’s lives build trust, while a relationship without involvement slowly weakens. 健康的关系需要积极的参与；真正参与彼此生活的人建立信任，而缺乏参与的关系会慢慢削弱。 19 negotiate vi. 协商；谈判 → negotiation n. 协商 → negotiable adj. 可协商的 When two people want different things, negotiation is healthier than silent resentment; a negotiable approach keeps the door open, and successful negotiation often begins with listening. 当两个人想要不同的东西时，协商比沉默的怨恨更健康；可协商的态度让大门敞开，而成功的协商往往始于倾听。 20 harmonize v. 使和谐 → harmony n. 和谐 → harmonious adj. 和谐的 A harmonious relationship does not happen by accident; it requires both sides to harmonize their expectations, and harmony grows when differences are respected rather than erased. 和谐的关系不是偶然发生的；它需要双方协调期望，当差异被尊重而非被抹去时，和谐才会生长。 第二部分 语块化词汇·短语 （一）建立联系与维系友谊 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） bond 纽带；建立亲密关系 strengthen the bond 加强纽带；bond over shared interests 因共同兴趣建立亲密关系 get along with 与……相处 get along well with roommates 与室友相处融洽；easy to get along with 容易相处 reach out 主动联系；伸出援手 reach out to a friend 主动联系朋友； reach out for support 寻求支持 keep in touch 保持联系 keep in touch through video calls 通过视频通话保持联系 set a regular date 约定固定时间 Set a regular date for phone calls. 约定固定的通话时间。 practise empathy 练习共情 Practise empathy by asking how the other person feels. 通过询问对方的感受来练习共情。 remember important dates 记住重要日子 Remember important dates such as birthdays and anniversaries. 记住生日和纪念日等重要日子。 a sense of connectedness 联结感 Social media can create a sense of connectedness. 社交媒体能带来一种联结感。 common ground 共同点；共识 find common ground 找到共同点；seek common ground 寻求共识 lifelong friendship 终生的友谊 build a lifelong friendship 建立终生的友谊 核心短语：build trust 建立信任｜invest time in 投入时间于｜be there for sb. 在某人身边支持｜keep a friendship alive 让友谊保持活力 （二）沟通技巧与表达 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） open up 敞开心扉 open up about one’s feelings 敞开心扉谈感受 listen actively 积极倾听 listen actively rather than waiting to speak 积极倾听而非等着说话 body language 肢体语言 read body language 解读肢体语言；body language varies across cultures 肢体语言因文化而异 eye contact 眼神交流 maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流； avoid eye contact 避免眼神接触 tone of voice 语气 a gentle tone of voice 温和的语气 read between the lines 领会言外之意 learn to read between the lines 学会领会言外之意 get one’s meaning across 把意思表达清楚 get one’s meaning across clearly 清楚地表达自己的意思 misread 误读；误解 misread someone’s intention 误解某人的意图 talk sth through 把事情谈清楚 talk the problem through 把问题谈清楚 heart-to-heart 推心置腹的 have a heart-to-heart talk 进行一次推心置腹的交谈 核心短语：speak one’s mind 说出心里话｜hold back 隐瞒；犹豫不说｜be on the same wavelength 想法一致 （三）冲突、误解与修复 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） fall out with 与……争吵；闹翻 fall out with a close friend 与好友闹翻 have a row with 与……争吵 Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. 也许她和丈夫吵了一架。 drive sb. mad 把某人逼疯 Customers can also drive you mad. 顾客也能把你逼疯。 take it personally 认为针对自己；往心里去 Don’t take it personally. 别往心里去。 water sth down 缓和；淡化 Always water it down. 总是要缓和一下。 let one’s ego get in the way 让自尊心碍事 Don’t let your ego get in the way. 别让自尊心碍事。 clear up a misunderstanding 消除误解 clear up a misunderstanding through honest talk 通过坦诚交谈消除误解 patch things up 和好；修复关系 try to patch things up after a quarrel 争吵后试图和好 make up for 弥补 make up for lost time 弥补失去的时间 break the ice 打破僵局 tell a joke to break the ice 讲个笑话打破僵局 核心短语：take the blame 承担责任｜own up to 坦白承认｜let bygones be bygones 既往不咎｜bury the hatchet 言归于好 （四）共情、包容与相互理解 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） put oneself in sb.’s shoes 设身处地为某人着想 put yourself in the customer’s shoes 设身处地为顾客着想 see things from sb.’s perspective 从某人的角度看问题 see things from the other person’s perspective 从对方的角度看问题 be sensitive to 对……敏感；体察 be sensitive to a friend’s needs 体察朋友的需求 be sympathetic to 对……同情；体谅 be sympathetic to the fact that... 体谅……这一事实 mutual recognition 相互认可 children’s insistence on mutual recognition 儿童对相互认可的坚持 mutual regard 相互尊重 mutual regard between friends 朋友之间的相互尊重 accept differences 接受差异 accept differences rather than erase them 接受差异而非抹去差异 be tolerant of 对……宽容 be tolerant of different opinions 对不同意见持宽容态度 show consideration for 体谅 show consideration for others’ feelings 体谅他人的感受 give sb. the benefit of the doubt 在证据不足时相信某人无辜 When unsure, give the other person the benefit of the doubt. 不确定时，暂且相信对方是无辜的。 核心短语：walk in someone else’s shoes 换位思考｜feel for sb. 同情某人｜look at things from a different angle 从不同角度看问题 （五）跨文化交际与身体语言 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） vary from culture to culture 因文化而异 Body language varies from culture to culture. 肢体语言因文化而异。 be interpreted differently 被不同地解读 The same gesture may be interpreted differently in different cultures. 同一手势在不同文化中可能被解读为不同含义。 cultural misunderstanding 文化误解 avoid cultural misunderstandings 避免文化误解 cultural awareness 文化意识 develop cultural awareness 培养文化意识 adapt to 适应 adapt one’s communication style to the local culture 使自己的沟通方式适应当地文化 offend 冒犯 avoid offending others 避免冒犯他人 be offended by 被……冒犯 appropriate 恰当的 appropriate body language 恰当的肢体语言 interpret 解读；口译 interpret a gesture correctly 正确解读手势 bridge the gap 弥合差距 bridge the cultural gap 弥合文化差距 global village 地球村 communication in the global village 地球村中的沟通 核心短语：cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际｜cultural norms 文化规范｜respect cultural differences 尊重文化差异 （六）真题话题词汇精选 单词/短语 释义 常用搭配（含语料） emoji 表情符号 use emojis at work 在工作中使用表情符号 messaging platform 通讯平台 users on messaging platforms 通讯平台用户 cold and dull 冷淡而乏味 Written communications can read as cold and dull. 书面沟通可能显得冷淡而乏味。 soften 缓和；使柔和 soften a serious note with a smile 用微笑缓和严肃的便条 friendlier communication 更友好的沟通 friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace 更友好的沟通带来更快乐的工作环境 peace-offering 和解信物 visit him with a peace-offering 带着和解信物去看他 guilt washed over sb. 愧疚涌上心头 Guilt washed over me. 愧疚涌上我的心头。 stubbornness 固执 a harsh reminder of my own stubbornness 对我自身固执的严厉提醒 egocentric 自我中心的 children are not hopelessly egocentric 儿童并非无可救药地以自我为中心 sustain 维持 sustain long-distance friendships 维持异地友谊 emotional intelligence 情商 the original meaning of emotional intelligence 情商的原本含义 a set of skills 一套技能 emotional intelligence is a set of skills 情商是一套技能 workplace culture 职场文化 improve your work culture 改善你的职场文化 break the ice 打破僵局 a simple joke can break the ice 一个简单的笑话就能打破僵局 awkward silence 尴尬的沉默 fill an awkward silence 填补尴尬的沉默 第三部分 话题句型 序号 英文句型 中文翻译 出处/话题 1 If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.” 如果顾客粗鲁或难缠，就想“也许她和丈夫吵了一架”。 2020·全国Ⅲ卷 完形 2 Written communications can often read as cold and dull; using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 书面沟通常常显得冷淡而乏味；使用表情符号可以增添幽默和情感，使意图保持清晰。 2020·全国Ⅱ卷 七选五 3 The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort. 好消息是它学起来很简单，值得付出努力。 2020·全国Ⅱ卷 七选五 4 It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media, but long-distance friendships may require more conscious effort to sustain. 通过社交媒体很容易获得联结感，但异地友谊可能需要更有意识的努力来维持。 2022·全国乙卷 七选五 5 The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. 留下的朋友需要体谅搬走的朋友所承受的所有额外时间要求。 2022·全国乙卷 七选五 6 Their responses reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” 他们的回答反映了他们真实的信念：“只有你能看见我，我才能看见你。” 2022·全国乙卷 完形 7 I realized it was me who was at fault; my brother’s silence was a harsh reminder of my own stubbornness. 我意识到错的人是我；哥哥的沉默是对我自身固执的严厉提醒。 2025·全国一卷 读后续写 8 With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door. 带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了哥哥家门口。 2025·全国一卷 读后续写 9 It was not the words themselves but the willingness to listen that finally bridged the gap between them. 最终弥合他们之间隔阂的，不是话语本身，而是倾听的意愿。 通用句式 10 What matters most in a disagreement is not who wins but whether both sides feel heard. 分歧中最重要的是双方是否感到被倾听，而非谁赢。 通用句式 11 A harmonious relationship does not require identical opinions, but it does require mutual respect. 和谐的关系不需要完全相同的观点，但确实需要相互尊重。 通用句式 12 Empathy is not about agreeing with someone; it is about understanding why they feel the way they do. 共情不是同意某人，而是理解他们为何有这样的感受。 通用句式 13 Only when we stop judging can we begin to truly connect with others. 只有当我们停止评判，才能真正开始与他人建立联系。 通用句式 14 Body language varies from culture to culture, so what feels natural in one setting may be offensive in another. 肢体语言因文化而异，因此在一种情境中自然的举动在另一种情境中可能具有冒犯性。 人教选必一 U4 15 Emotional intelligence is not a single quality but a set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. 情商不是单一品质，而是一套可以用于善或恶的技能。 2021·新高考Ⅰ卷 D 词句基础练 习题一：中译英 1. Effective ____________ (沟通) requires both speaking and listening, and a ____________ (善于沟通的) person knows how to prevent ____________ (沟通不畅) before it starts. 2. The ability to ____________ (共情) is at the heart of every healthy relationship; an ____________ (有同理心的) listener makes people feel truly heard. 3. When ____________ (相冲突的) opinions arise, rather than avoiding the ____________ (冲突), learn to manage it with calm and respect. 4. After months of silence, the brothers finally ____________ (和解); their ____________ (和解) brought the family back together. 5. Learning to ____________ (原谅) does not mean forgetting the hurt; ____________ (宽恕) releases you from resentment. 6. He ____________ (道歉) sincerely for his harsh words, and his ____________ (歉意的) tone showed he truly regretted the hurt. 7. A healthy relationship requires ____________ (宽容) of differences; being ____________ (宽容的) does not mean agreeing with everything. 8. Successful teamwork depends on ____________ (合作); an ____________ (不合作的) member can stall the whole group. 9. When a friend is struggling, ____________ (同情) first rather than giving advice; a ____________ (同情的) response is far more helpful than a lecture. 10. ____________ (误解) are common, but an ____________ (通情达理的) attitude can clear them up; try not to ____________ (误解) someone’s intention too quickly. 11. In any close relationship, ____________ (妥协) is a sign of maturity; finding a ____________ (折中的) solution often saves both sides from unnecessary conflict. 12. A genuine ____________ (联系) is built through shared time and honest talk; people who feel ____________ (有联系的) are less likely to drift apart. 13. ____________ (忠诚) is tested not when things are easy but when they are hard; a ____________ (忠诚的) friend stands by you even when it is inconvenient. 14. Being ____________ (敏感的) to others’ feelings is a skill; ____________ (体察) helps you notice what is unsaid, while an ____________ (不敏感的) remark can damage a relationship in seconds. 15. ____________ (和谐) grows when differences are respected rather than erased; a ____________ (和谐的) relationship requires both sides to ____________ (协调) their expectations. 参考答案：1. communication; communicative; miscommunication 2. empathize; empathetic 3. conflicting; conflict 4. reconciled; reconciliation 5. forgive; forgiveness 6. apologized; apologetic 7. tolerance; tolerant 8. cooperation; uncooperative 9. sympathize; sympathetic 10. Misunderstandings; understanding; misunderstand 11. compromise; compromising 12. connection; connected 13. Loyalty; loyal 14. sensitive; sensitivity; insensitive 15. Harmony; harmonious; harmonize 习题二：单句语法填空 1. Effective ____________ requires both speaking and listening; a ____________ person can prevent ____________breakdowns before they start. (communicate) 2. The ability to ____________ with others is essential; an ____________listener makes people feel truly heard, and ____________is a skill that can be practised. (empathy) 3. When ____________ opinions arise, a ____________can easily develop; learn to manage ____________situations with calm. (conflict) 4. After months of silence, the brothers finally ____________; their ____________ brought the family back together, proving that most differences are ____________ (reconcile). 5. Learning to ____________ does not mean forgetting; ____________releases you from resentment, and a ___________attitude strengthens relationships. (forgive) 6. He ____________ sincerely for his harsh words; his ____________was accepted, and his ____________ tone showed genuine regret. (apology) 7. A healthy relationship requires ____________of differences; being ____________does not mean agreeing with everything, but it does mean refusing to be ____________ (tolerate). 8. Successful teamwork depends on ____________; a ____________attitude makes problems easier to solve, while an ____________ member can stall the group. (cooperate) 9. When a friend is struggling, ____________first rather than giving advice; a ____________ response is far more helpful than an ____________ lecture. (sympathy) 10. A good listener seeks ____________before judging; ____________are common, but an ____________attitude can clear them up. (understand) 11. In any close relationship, _________ (compromise) is a sign of maturity; finding a __________ (compromise) solution often saves both sides from unnecessary _________ (conflict). 12. A genuine ____________is built through shared time; people who feel ____________ are less likely to drift apart, while a ____________relationship slowly fades. (connect) 13. Mutual ____________is the foundation of friendship; being ____________in disagreement shows maturity, and a ____________person earns respect without demanding it. (respect) 14. ____________ is tested in hard times; a ____________friend stands by you ____________ even when it is inconvenient. (loyal) 15. Being ____________ to others’ feelings is a skill; ____________ helps you notice what is unsaid, while an ____________ remark can damage a relationship in seconds. (sense) 参考答案：1.communication; communicative; communication 2. empathize; empathetic; empathy 3. conflicting; conflict; conflictual 4. reconciled; reconciliation; reconcilable 5. forgive; forgiveness; forgiving 6. apologized; apology; apologetic 7. tolerance; tolerant; intolerant 8. cooperation; cooperative; uncooperative 9. sympathize; sympathetic; unsympathetic 10. understanding; misunderstandings; understanding 11. compromise; compromising; conflict 12. connection; connected; disconnected 13. respect; respectful; respectable 14. Loyalty; loyal; loyally 15. sensitive; sensitivity; insensitive 习题三：选词填空 第1组 get along with reach out keep in touch set a regular date remember important dates practise empathy find common ground open up talk sth through patch things up 1. Before accepting the offer, she took a week to ____________ the pros and cons. 2. After months of research, the career adviser ____________ that the student should pursue a career in design. 3. Not every high-paying job ____________ your personality and long-term goals. 4. He decided to ____________ the position because it offered relevant experience. 5. She worked hard to ____________ the scholarship, and her efforts finally paid off. 6. After the interview, remember to ____________ with a brief thank-you email. 7. He ____________ a well-paid offer in the city to work for a small charity in his hometown. 8. Employers value graduates who ____________ rather than wait to be told what to do. 9. The café worker always ____________ for her customers, remembering their favourite drinks. 10. Many artists struggle to ____________ from their creative work alone. 参考答案：1. get along with 2. reach out 3. keep in touch 4. set a regular date 5. Practise empathy 6. Remembering important dates 7. find common ground 8. open up 9. talk it through 10. patch things up 第2组 put oneself in sb.’s shoe s be sensitive to be sympathetic to mutual recognition break the ice accept differences bridge the gap water sth down take it personally let one’s ego get in the way 1. Try to ____________ before judging a customer’s rude behaviour. 2. A good friend ____________ your changing needs and moods. 3. We should ____________ the fact that everyone has bad days. 4. Children’s insistence on ____________ suggests they already care about being seen by others. 5. A mature relationship does not require you to erase your identity but to ____________. 6. Honest communication can ____________ between people from different cultural backgrounds. 7. When giving feedback, ____________ the criticism so that it is easier to accept. 8. Don’t ____________; his sharp comment was probably not aimed at you. 9. A simple joke can ____________ at the beginning of a tense meeting. 10. ____________ can prevent you from apologizing even when you know you are wrong. 参考答案：1. put yourself in their shoes 2. is sensitive to 3. be sympathetic to 4. mutual recognition 5. accept differences 6. bridge the gap 7. water it down 8. take it personally 9. break the ice 10. Letting your ego get in the way 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet Helps Friendships The Internet can help develop friendships in many ways. Firstly, the Internet makes communication much more 1 (convenience). You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or 2 you are doing. Using a smartphone, a tablet or a computer, you can be 3 contact at home and also when you are on the move. Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun. 4 (tradition) ways of communicating, like letters and phone calls, can be limiting and take time. However, you can share photos, videos, news stories and websites with your friends online. You can give a brief 5 (respond) to a message with 6 emoji or a picture. There are so many online tools you can use to be creative! Thirdly, online communication can actually bring people closer to each other. Nowadays, your friends are just a click away. Whenever someone needs help, friends from all over the world can 7 (immediate) provide useful suggestions or information. This makes friends feel 8 (love) and cared for. To me, this is a very thought-provoking argument, as it points out the benefits of online friendships. 9 Eileen Kennedy-Moore, an authority on the subject, points out, online friends “fill holes real-life friends can’t”. Finally, I believe the Internet brings people closer together and 10 (make) communication with friends more convenient and interesting. 【答案】 1．convenient 2．what 3．in 4．Traditional 5．response 6．an 7．immediately 8．loved 9．As 10．makes 【导语】本文从便利沟通、丰富沟通形式、拉近人际距离三个方面介绍了互联网对友谊发展的促进作用。 【详解】 1．考查形容词。句意：首先，互联网让沟通变得更加便利。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，空处应用形容词作宾语补足语，convenience是名词，其形容词形式为convenient“便利的”。 2．考查状语从句。句意：无论你身在何处，无论你在做什么，你都可以和朋友保持联系。本句是由no matter where和no matter what引导的并列让步状语从句，or后省略no matter，避免重复，or后从句中动词doing缺少宾语，指代“做的事情”，用连接代词what。 3．考查介词。句意：当你在家和出行的时候，你可以使用智能手机、平板或电脑来保持联系。be in contact是固定搭配，意为“保持联系”。 4．考查形容词。句意：传统的沟通方式，比如信件和电话，存在局限性而且耗时。空格处位于名词ways之前，需要形容词作定语修饰ways，tradition是名词，其形容词形式为traditional“传统的”，此处位于句首，首字母需要大写。 5．考查名词。句意：你可以用表情符号或图片对消息给出简短的回复。空格处位于形容词brief之后，作动词give的宾语，需要用名词形式，respond是动词，其名词形式为response“回复”。前面有a，空处用名词单数。 6．考查冠词。句意：你可以用表情符号或图片对消息给出简短的回复。此处泛指“一个表情符号”，emoji是以元音音素开头的可数名词，因此用不定冠词an。 7．考查副词。句意：无论何时有人需要帮助，来自世界各地的朋友都可以立刻提供有用的建议或者信息。空格处修饰动词provide，需要用副词形式，immediate是形容词，其副词形式为immediately“立刻”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这会让朋友感觉到被爱和被关心。此处feel是系动词，逻辑主语friends与动词love之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词loved作表语。 9．考查定语从句。句意：正如该领域的权威专家Eileen Kennedy-Moore所指出的，线上朋友“填补了现实生活中朋友无法填补的空缺”。此处用as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话的内容，置于句首表示“正如”，首字母大写。 10．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：最后，我认为互联网让人们的距离更近，也让和朋友的沟通变得更加便利和有趣。the Internet是宾语从句的主语，空处和brings并列作谓语，时态应保持一致，且主语是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Forty-nine young professionals from different countries recently completed a 10-day training program in China, 1 (explore) rural revitalization practices in Yunnan. The program, co-launched by China Agricultural University and Tencent, aimed to share China’s experience in rural development with global 2 (young). During their visit to Mengla County, Yunnan, the 3 (participant) were impressed by the “agri-tourism integration” model in Hebian Village. They learned how Yao ethnic group’s wooden houses 4 (transform) into cozy guesthouses, and how villagers now earn income from rubber tapping, beekeeping, and home-stay management. “We used to think rural areas could only rely on farming,” said Mirembe from Uganda. “But here, culture and nature become treasures — this gives us new ideas 5 our villages.” They also visited a smart coffee estate in Jinghong, 6 AI and drones are used for pest control and yield prediction. Hakim from Indonesia, who runs a coffee workshop, noted: “China’s way of connecting small farmers to big markets via live-streaming is eye-opening. We can adapt this to sell our Indonesian coffee 7 (global).” A key takeaway was China’s focus on “farmer-centered development”. In Manluanzhan Village, the group saw how 8 (abandon) water towers were turned into cafes, and how local villagers lead decision-making for tourism projects. “China doesn’t just build pretty villages — it empowers people to own the development,” said Mumbi from Kenya. The program ended with a 9 (commit) to apply these lessons at home. As Tanzanian participant Aboli put it: “China’s rural revitalization isn’t a copy-paste model, 10 a mindset of using local strengths. That’s what we need to take back.” 【答案】 1．exploring 2．youth 3．participants 4．were transformed 5．for 6．where 7．globally 8．abandoned 9．commitment 10．but 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了来自不同国家的49名青年专业人士在中国参加为期10天的培训项目，探访云南乡村振兴实践，了解农旅融合、智慧农业等模式，借鉴中国经验，并承诺将所学应用到本国乡村发展中的故事。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，49名来自不同国家的青年专业人士在中国完成了为期10天的培训项目，探索云南的乡村振兴实践。句子主语Forty-nine young professionals与动词explore之间为主动关系，需用现在分词作伴随状语，故填exploring。 2．考查名词。句意：该项目由中国农业大学和腾讯联合发起，旨在与全球青年分享中国的乡村发展经验。本空作with宾语，用young的名词形式youth，意为“青年”，为集合名词，故填youth。 3．考查名词复数。句意：在参观云南勐腊县期间，参与者们对河边村的“农旅融合”模式印象深刻。根据前文“Forty-nine young professionals”及谓语动词were可知，此处主语需用复数形式，participant的复数是participants，故填participants。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：他们了解到瑶族的木屋如何被改造成舒适的民宿，以及村民们现在如何通过割胶、养蜂和民宿管理获得收入。主语Yao ethnic group’s wooden houses与动词transform之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，故填were transformed。 5．考查介词。句意：“但在这里，文化和自然成为了宝藏——这给了我们关于我们村庄的新想法。”此处表示“关于，针对”，“ideas for+目标/对象”表示“给……的思路，适用于……的办法”，此处表示“给我们村庄的新想法”，故填for。 6．考查定语从句。句意：他们还参观了景洪的一个智能咖啡庄园，在那里人工智能和无人机被用于病虫害防治和产量预测。本空引导非限制定语从句，先行词为a smart coffee estate，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导，故填where。 7．考查副词。句意：“我们可以借鉴这种方式，在全球范围内销售我们印度尼西亚的咖啡。”修饰动词sell，需用副词globally“全球地，在全世界”，作状语，故填globally。 8．考查形容词。句意：在曼鸾站村，团队看到了废弃的水塔如何被改造成咖啡馆，以及当地村民如何主导旅游项目的决策。修饰名词短语water towers，用形容词abandoned“废弃的”，作定语，故填abandoned。 9．考查名词。句意：项目结束时，参与者们承诺将这些经验应用到本国。句中不定冠词a后需接名词，commit的名词形式是commitment，意为“承诺”，为可数名词，作宾语，故填commitment。 10．考查连词。句意：“中国的乡村振兴不是一个照搬照抄的模式，而是一种利用当地优势的思维方式。”“not...but...”为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，符合语境，故填but。 Passage C 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you’re wondering why Taylor Swift didn’t respond to your social media post offering congratulations on her engagement, then Cambridge Dictionary has a word for you: parasocial. 1 (define) as involving or relating to a connection that someone feels between themselves and a famous person they do not know, parasocial has been chosen by the dictionary as 2 (it) word of the year, as people turn 3 chatbots and celebrities to feel connection in their online lives. The term first 4 (emerge) in 1956 when University of Chicago sociologists observed TV viewers engaging in parasocial relationships with onscreen personalities, mirroring their bonds with family and 5 (friend) — except this was a one-way attachment. Opportunities for asymmetrical (不对称) relationships 6 (mushroom) in the internet era over the past few years, with social media and now artificial intelligence 7 (take) a niche (小众的) academic term into the mainstream. “Parasocial captures the 2025zeitgeist (时代精神),” said Colin McIntosh, a Cambridge Dictionary editor. Millions of people are engaged in parasocial relationships; many more are 8 (simple) interested in their rise. Simone Schnall, professor of 9 (experiment) social psychology at the University of Cambridge, said parasocial relationships have redefined fandom, celebrity and how ordinary people interact online with AI. People have relied on influencers as trust in mainstream and traditional media breaks down, 10 can lead to unhealthy and intense relationships with social media stars. 【答案】 1．Defined 2．its 3．to 4．emerged 5．friends 6．have mushroomed 7．taking 8．simply 9．experimental 10．which 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了“parasocial(拟社会关系)”一词被剑桥词典选为年度词汇。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：其定义为涉及或与某人与一个他们不认识的名人之间建立的联系有关。《剑桥词典》将“parasocial”选为其年度词汇，因为人们在自己的网络生活中会求助于聊天机器人和名人来寻求联系感。句中谓语是has been chosen，空格处用非谓语动词，parasocial和define之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Defined。 2．考查物主代词。句意：其定义为涉及或与某人与一个他们不认识的名人之间建立的联系有关。《剑桥词典》将“parasocial”选为其年度词汇，因为人们在自己的网络生活中会求助于聊天机器人和名人来寻求联系感。it和word之间是所属关系，因此用物主代词its修饰word，故填its。 3．考查介词。句意：其定义为涉及或与某人与一个他们不认识的名人之间建立的联系有关。《剑桥词典》将“parasocial”选为其年度词汇，因为人们在自己的网络生活中会求助于聊天机器人和名人来寻求联系感。turn to是固定短语，意为“求助于”，to是介词，故填to。 4．考查时态。句意：这个术语最早于1956年出现，当时芝加哥大学的社会学家观察到电视观众与屏幕上的人物建立起了拟社会关系，这种关系与他们与家人和朋友之间的关系相似——只不过这是一种单向的依恋。由in 1956可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填emerged。 5．考查名词复数。句意：这个术语最早于1956年出现，当时芝加哥大学的社会学家观察到电视观众与屏幕上的人物建立起了拟社会关系，这种关系与他们与家人和朋友之间的关系相似——只不过这是一种单向的依恋。friend是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数，故填friends。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年的互联网时代，不对称关系的机会大幅增加，社交媒体和如今的人工智能将这个学术术语带入了大众视野。由over the past few years可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Opportunities是复数，因此空格处是have mushroomed，故填have mushroomed。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去几年的互联网时代，不对称关系的机会大幅增加，社交媒体和如今的人工智能将这个学术术语带入了大众视野。此处是with复合结构，social media and now artificial intelligence和take之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故填taking。 8．考查副词。句意：数以百万计的人处于这种拟社会关系之中；还有更多的人只是对它的兴起感兴趣。空格处用副词simply修饰形容词interested，simply意为“仅仅，只是”，故填simply。 9．考查形容词。句意：剑桥大学实验社会心理学教授西蒙娜·施纳尔表示，拟社会关系模式已经重新定义了粉丝文化、名人形象以及普通人在线与人工智能进行互动的方式。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰social psychology，experiment的形容词是experimental，意为“实验的”，故填experimental。 10．考查定语从句。句意：由于对主流和传统媒体的信任度下降，人们开始依赖网红，这可能导致与社交媒体明星之间形成不健康且强烈的关系。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is known as a state of etiquette (礼仪) and ceremonies. Take the example of an interesting story. Once upon a time, a man went on a long tour 1 (visit) his friend with a swan as a gift. But it escaped from the cage on the way and in his effort to catch it, he caught nothing but a feather. When his friend received this unexpected gift — the swan feather, he was deeply moved by the sincerity. 2 (gradual), the saying “the gift is nothing much, but it is the thought 3 counts” spreads far and wide. Gifts are regarded as an important part to show politeness in China. 4 is appropriate to give gifts on 5 (occasion) such as festivals and birthdays. If you are invited 6 a family party, small gifts like wine, tea or candies are welcomed. Also fruit, cookies, and flowers are a safe 7 (choose). Chinese used to cup one hand in the other before the chest as a salute. This tradition, nowadays seldom 8 (follow) except in the Spring Festival, has a history of more than 2,000 years. Shaking hands, which should be firm and brief but not too strong, 9 (consider) formal greeting behavior in China. If you follow the usual rules of etiquette in China, there is no need to worry about the cultural barriers, for the warm and friendly Chinese will try their best to respect your customs when 10 (communicate). 【答案】 1．to visit 2．Gradually 3．that 4．It 5．occasions 6．to 7．choice 8．followed 9．is considered 10．communicating 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国作为礼仪之邦，在送礼和问候方面的传统和习俗。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：从前，一个人带着一只天鹅作为礼物，进行了一次长途旅行去拜访他的朋友。“(visit) his friend”是“a man went on a long tour”的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to visit。 2．考查副词。句意：渐渐地，“礼轻情意重”这句话就广为流传了。提示词修饰整个句子，用副词gradually作状语，意为“逐渐地，渐渐地”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Gradually。 3．考查强调句。句意：渐渐地，“礼轻情意重”这句话就广为流传了。这是一个强调句型，结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句中强调的是原句主语“the thought”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故填that。 4．考查代词。句意：在节日和生日等场合送礼物是合适的。“__4__ is appropriate to give gifts...”是固定句型“it is+形容词+to do...”，意为“做……是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面不定式短语；句首单词首字母大写。故填It。 5．考查名词复数。句意：在节日和生日等场合送礼物是合适的。可数名词occasion(场合)作宾语，结合“such as festivals and birthdays”可知，不止一个场合，用复数形式。故填occasions。 6．考查介词。句意：如果你被邀请参加家庭聚会，像酒、茶或糖果这样的小礼物是受欢迎的。invite sb. to...是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人去……”，句中使用了其被动形式be invited to...，to是介词。故填to。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，水果、饼干和鲜花也是安全的选择。提示词作表语，用名词choice，意为“选择”，由空前不定冠词a可知，应用单数形式。故填choice。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一传统如今已很少遵循，除了在春节期间，已有2000多年的历史。“nowadays seldom (follow) except in the Spring Festival”作后置定语修饰名词tradition，follow(遵循)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语tradition之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填followed。 9．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：握手在中国被认为是一种正式的问候方式，握手应该坚定而简短，但不要太用力。consider(认为)是谓语动词，与主语Shaking hands之间是被动关系，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是动名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is considered。 10．考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果你遵循中国通常的礼仪规则，就没有必要担心文化障碍，因为热情友好的中国人在交流时会尽力尊重你的习俗。“when __10__ (communicate)”是时间状语从句，在从句中的主语和主句主语相同，且有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。完整形式为when the warm and friendly Chinese are communicating。故填communicating。 Passage E 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Meeting a public figure can be exciting, but 1 (consider) behavior should always come first. Public figures require focus and privacy 2 work or training, which can become risky if fans interrupt them. A 3 (time) example is Chinese freestyle skiing champion Gu Ailing, who was reported to have had a serious accident in New Zealand soon after returning to the snow, and who asked supporters not to take photos or 4 (video) while she is practicing. She added that she was delighted to meet people after the park closed — an approach 5 balances safety with kindness. How should you act? Regulate your emotions, assess the situation and keep 6 respectful distance. If the person is working, training, or inside a restricted zone, do not approach. Follow venue rules on recording and avoid 7 (share) real-time locations online, which can attract crowds and raise risks. Choose an appropriate moment — after an event or when staff indicate it is fine to speak. Ask briefly and politely, “Excuse me, may I take a photo?” 8 they refuse, accept it gracefully. Only when they agree, can you take a single quick photo and step away. Ultimately, good character in these moments 9 (mean) respect, patience, responsibility, and kindness. By prioritizing safety and privacy, we create positive encounters that protect both public figures and 10 (we). 【答案】 1．considerate 2．during 3．timely 4．videos 5．that/which 6．a 7．sharing 8．If 9．means 510．ourselves 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以谷爱凌为例，强调粉丝应保持礼貌距离、尊重公众人物的隐私与安全，并在合适时机提出请求，体现尊重与责任感。 1．考查形容词。句意：见到公众人物可能令人兴奋，但体贴的行为应始终放在第一位。空处作修饰behavior的定语，形容词considerate符合题意，意为“体贴的”。故填considerate。 2．考查介词。句意：公众人物在工作或训练期间需要专注和隐私，若粉丝打扰他们可能会带来风险。空后为名词短语work or training，结合“require focus and privacy”可知，此处指“在工作或训练期间”，应用介词during表示“在……期间”。故填during。 3．考查形容词。句意：一个及时的例子是中国自由式滑雪冠军谷爱凌，她在重返雪场后不久被报道在新西兰发生严重事故，并请求支持者不要在她训练时拍照或录像。空处作修饰example的定语，形容词timely符合题意，意为“及时的”。故填timely。 4．考查名词复数。句意：一个及时的例子是中国自由式滑雪冠军谷爱凌，她在重返雪场后不久被报道在新西兰发生严重事故，并请求支持者不要在她训练时拍照或录像。空处和photos是选择关系，作take的宾语，可数名词video也应用复数形式表泛指，与photos保持形式一致.故填videos。 5．考查定语从句。句意：她补充说，她乐意在滑雪场关闭后与大家见面——这是一种平衡安全与友善的方式。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an approach，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 6．考查冠词。句意：控制情绪、评估形势并保持一个礼貌的距离。空处表示泛指，意为“一个礼貌的距离”，应用不定冠词，且respectful的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：遵守场馆的拍摄规定，避免在线上分享实时位置，这会引发人群聚集和风险。avoid doing是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，空处应用share“分享”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填sharing。 8．考查条件状语从句。句意：若他们拒绝，优雅接受。“他们拒绝”是“优雅接受”发生的条件，空处应用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：最重要的是，这种场合下的良好品格意味着尊重、耐心、责任与友善。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语good character是单数，mean“意味着”应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 10．考查代词。句意：通过优先考虑安全与隐私，我们能创造既保护公众人物也保护自己的积极互动。空处和前面的public figures并列，作protect的宾语，且强调“自身”，应用we的反身代词形式ourselves，意为“我们自己”。故填ourselves。 Passage F 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nursena Burus, a 19-year-old from the historical city of Manisa on Türkiye’s Aegean coast, 1 (develop) a taste for Chinese culture thanks to its cuisine and her travels around the country in the past few months. For Burus, coming to China was not just a language learning opportunity but a chance to experience a culture 2 beauty attracted her from afar. She arrived in China in February 2024, just before Chinese New Year, and immediately involved 3 (she) in the lively, celebratory atmosphere. Red lanterns swayed in the wind, papercuttings adorned windows 4 spirited couplets decorated doorways. While 5 (wander) in the streets, she would frequently find the streets were filled with red, a color of celebration and good luck. As classes began in March, Burus quickly adapted to learning and living at Tianjin University. She 6 (regular) explored the university’s cafeterias and discovered her favorite 7 (dish), including Peking Duck. She often followed the recommended foods on the popular short video-sharing platform Douyin 8 (explore) new restaurants and shared photos of her culinary adventures on her WeChat Moments. Burus says that Chinese cuisines are rich and 9 (taste), and the convenient digital payment system amazes her. Before leaving China earlier this year after she finished two semesters of a language-learning program, she left behind a wish bottle buried on campus, containing her desire to become a bridge for cultural exchanges 10 Türkiye and China. 【答案】 1．has developed 2．whose 3．herself 4．and 5．wandering 6．regularly 7．dishes 8．to explore 9．tasty 10．between 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自土耳其爱琴海沿岸历史名城马尼萨的19岁女孩努尔塞纳・布鲁什，2024年2月来到中国天津大学学习语言的经历。 【详解】 1．考查动词时态。句意：来自土耳其爱琴海沿岸历史名城马尼萨的19岁女孩努尔塞纳・布鲁什，凭借中国美食以及过去几个月在中国的旅行，已经对中国文化产生了浓厚兴趣。句中in the past few months是现在完成时的标志性时间状语；主语Nursena Burus是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has developed。 2．考查定语从句关系词。​句意：对布鲁什来说，来中国不仅是学习语言的机会，更是体验某种文化的机会，这种文化的美从远方就吸引了她。定语从句修饰先行词a culture，关系词需在从句中作beauty的定语，whose可指代事物并作定语，符合语法需求。​故填whose。 3．考查反身代词。​句意：她2024年2月来中国，恰逢春节前，随即投身热闹的节日氛围中。固定短语involve oneself in...“参与……，投身于……”，需用反身代词作宾语，主语是She，对应反身代词为herself。​故填herself。 4．考查并列连词。​句意：红灯笼风中摇曳，剪纸点缀窗户，活力春联装饰门框。三个分句结构、语义并列，需用并列连词连接，and表并列，符合要求。​故填and。 5．考查状语从句的省略。​句意：在街上漫步时，她常发现街道满是红色，红色象征庆祝与好运。while引导时间状语从句，完整的从句为 While she was wandering in the streets，当主从句主语一致且含有be时，可省略从句主语和be动词，保留现在分词wandering。​故填wandering。 6．考查副词。句意：她经常探索学校食堂，发现了包括北京烤鸭在内的最爱菜肴。explored是动词，需副词修饰，regular的副词形式regularly表频率，符合语境。​故填regularly。 7．考查名词复数。​句意：她经常探索学校食堂，发现了包括北京烤鸭在内的最爱菜肴。including Peking Duck表明喜欢的菜肴不止一种，dish是可数名词，用其复数形式。​故填dishes。 8．考查非谓语动词。​句意：她常根据抖音推荐的美食探索新餐厅，并在微信朋友圈分享美食探险照片。followed the recommended foods的目的是explore new restaurants，不定式to do表目的。​故填to explore。 9．考查形容词。​句意：布鲁什说中国菜丰富美味，便捷的数字支付系统也让她惊叹。are是系动词，后接形容词作表语，taste的形容词形式tasty表“美味的”，与rich并列。​故填tasty。 10．考查介词。​句意：今年初完成两学期语言学习项目离开中国前，她在校园埋了愿望瓶，希望成为土耳其和中国文化交流的桥梁。between...and...是固定搭配，表“在两者之间”，此处连接土耳其和中国两个国家，符合搭配规则。​故填between。 Passage G 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thousands of self-named “TikTok refugees (难民)” are flooding to Xiaohongshu (also known as RedNote in App Store), 1 Chinese social media platform. The US Supreme Court is expected to decide 2 TikTok can continue operating in the country before the January 19 deadline. As it faces a such potential ban in the United States, it is sent to the top of the US App Store download chart. By the end of last week, Xiaohongshu 3 (download) the most, ranking the top on Apple’s US App Store. Originally launched in 2013 4 a lifestyle platform, Xiaohongshu boasts over 300 million 5 (month) active users and exceeded US$1 billion in profit in 2024, according to Bloomberg. Some Chinese users are going to the extra miles 6 (guide) international newcomers. A user named Eddy Liu created a group chat offering in-depth analyses on mastering Xiaohongshu, while others have posted 7 (instruction) to make the Chinese-dominated app more accessible. Miss Fifty Yuan, a graduate from Fudan University, 8 (author) a beginner’s guide to Chinese Internet slang previously, translating terms like yyds (GOAT), which was widely popular. Chinese and US users are 9 (enthusiastic) sharing photos of their pets, particularly cats, as they make their first interactions on Xiaohongshu. US users have humorously nicknamed these images as the “Cat Tax”, 10 (refer) to a playful exchange for engagement with Chinese users. 【答案】 1．a 2．whether/if 3．had been downloaded 4．as 5．monthly 6．to guide 7．instructions 8．authored 9．enthusiastically 10．referring 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述TikTok面临美国禁令，用户涌入小红书的现象。 【详解】 1．考查冠词。句意：数千名自称“TikTok难民”的用户正涌入小红书 (在App Store中又称RedNote)，一个中国社交媒体平台。platform是可数名词，此处泛指“一个中国社交媒体平台”，Chinese以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：美国最高法院预计将在1月19日的最后期限前决定TikTok是否能在美国继续运营。空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，表“是否”的含义，用whether/ if。故填whether/ if。 3．考查动词时态。句意：截至上周末，小红书下载量最高，在美国苹果应用商店排名第一。By the end of last week为过去完成时标志，主语Xiaohongshu与download为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，download的过去分词为downloaded。故填had been downloaded。 4．考查介词。句意：据彭博社报道，小红书最初于2013年作为生活方式平台推出，拥有超过3亿月活跃用户，2024年利润超过10亿美元。空处应用介词as，构成固定短语launch as，意为“以……形式推出”。故填as。 5．考查形容词。句意：据彭博社报道，小红书最初于2013年作为生活方式平台推出，拥有超过3亿月活跃用户，2024年利润超过10亿美元。空处需用形容词monthly，修饰名词users，作定语。故填monthly。 6．考查动词不定式。句意：一些中国用户正格外努力地引导国际新用户。空处需用不定式to guide，作目的状语，即“额外努力”是为了“引导新人”。故填to guide。 7．考查名词复数。句意：一位名叫Eddy Liu的用户创建了一个群聊，提供掌握小红书的深度分析，而其他人则发布了操作指南，让这个以中文为主的应用更容易使用。空处应用名词作宾语，instruction表示“指示、指南”时常用复数形式。故填instructions。 8．考查动词时态。句意：复旦大学毕业生“五十元小姐”此前曾撰写过一份中文网络俚语入门指南，翻译了像yyds (GOAT) 这样广受欢迎的术语。空处为句子谓语动词，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，author的过去式为authored。故填authored。 9．考查副词。句意：中美用户热情地分享他们宠物的照片，尤其是猫的照片，这是他们在小红书上的第一次互动。空处应用副词，修饰动词sharing，作状语，enthusiastic的副词形式为enthusiastically。故填enthusiastically。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：美国用户幽默地将这些图片昵称为“猫税”，指的是与中国用户互动的一种有趣的交换方式。句中已有谓语动词have nicknamed，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语Cat Tax与动词refer为主谓关系，用现在分词referring作伴随状语。故填referring。 Passage H 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 From Chancay to Shanghai China and Peru are located on opposite sides of the world, 1 (separate) by the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean. In the past, this distance seemed unimaginable. However, a new port project is making such a distant journey less difficult. Chancay, situated about 78 km north of Lima, the Peruvian capital, is a natural deep-water port. China and Peru began 2 (construct) of the Chancay port project in 2021. Once 3 operation, it will become a major gateway to the oceans and a crucial hub in the South Pacific. “From Chancay to Shanghai” has become a catchphrase in Peru, 4 (indicate) a bright future of mutually beneficial cooperation between the two nations. As a flagship Belt and Road cooperation project, the port will not just boost trade between the two countries, 5 strengthen connectivity within and beyond the continent. Peru is a native place of potatoes, and China is a leading potato producing country in the world. Victor Otazu, 6 agriculturalist from the International Potato Center, found that the highlands in Qinghai showed certain similarities with places 7 his experimental stations are located in Peru. The local climate and geological conditions were 8 (favor) for potato seed production, which means Qinghai could be an important potato producer. The Qingshu-9 type of potato bred in Qinghai is now 9 (wide) grown in China. The long cooperation in potato research and breeding 10 (yield) fruitful results for decades. China and Peru will open the door to more cooperation. 【答案】 1．separated 2．construction 3．in 4．indicating 5．but 6．an 7．where 8．favorable/favourable 9．widely 10．has yielded 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国和秘鲁合作建设的Chancay港口项目，以及该项目对两国贸易和合作的积极影响，同时以土豆为例，展示了中秘在农业领域的合作成果。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国和秘鲁位于地球的两端，被浩瀚的太平洋隔开。“(separate) by the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean”作状语，separate(隔开)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语China and Peru之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填separated。 2．考查名词。句意：2021年，中国和秘鲁开始建设钱凯港项目。提示词作及物动词began的宾语，且其后有介词短语of the Chancay port project修饰，用名词construction，意为“建设”，不可数名词。故填construction。 3．考查介词。句意：一旦投入运营，它将成为通往海洋的主要门户和南太平洋的关键枢纽。in operation是固定短语，意为“在运转中；在运营中”。故填in。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：“从钱凯到上海”已经成为秘鲁的一句流行语，预示着两国互利合作的光明未来。“(indicate) a bright future of mutually beneficial cooperation between the two nations”作伴随状语，indicate(预示；表明)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“From Chancay to Shanghai”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填indicating。 5．考查连词。句意：作为“一带一路”合作的旗舰项目，该港口不仅将促进两国之间的贸易，还将加强该大陆内部和外部的互联互通。not just...but...是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 6．考查冠词。句意：来自国际马铃薯中心的农学家维克多·奥塔祖发现，青海的高地与他在秘鲁的试验站所在的地方有一定的相似之处。可数名词agriculturalist在句中表示“一位农学家”，泛指，且agriculturalist是发音以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 7．考查定语从句。句意：来自国际马铃薯中心的农学家维克多·奥塔祖发现，青海的高地与他在秘鲁的试验站所在的地方有一定的相似之处。“_____ his experimental stations are located in Peru”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词将其代入定语从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 8．考查形容词。句意：当地的气候和地质条件有利于马铃薯种子的生产，这意味着青海可能成为重要的马铃薯生产地。be favorable/favourable for是固定短语，意为“有利于……”，形容词favorable/favourable作表语。故填favorable/favourable。 9．考查副词。句意：青海培育的青薯9号现在在中国广泛种植。提示词修饰动词grown，用副词widely作状语，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几十年来，中秘在马铃薯研究与育种方面的长期合作取得了丰硕成果。yield(取得；产生)是谓语动词，与主语The long cooperation之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“for decades”可知，应用现在完成时，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has yielded。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $